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Wang F, Lee SY, Adelnia F, Takahashi K, Harkins KD, He L, Zu Z, Ellinger P, Grundmann M, Harris RC, Takahashi T, Gore JC. Severity of polycystic kidney disease revealed by multiparametric MRI. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1151-1165. [PMID: 37093746 PMCID: PMC10805116 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare multiple MRI parameters, including relaxation rates (R 1 $$ {R}_1 $$ ,R 2 $$ {R}_2 $$ , andR 1 ρ $$ {R}_{1\rho } $$ ), ADC from diffusion weighted imaging, pool size ratio (PSR) from quantitative magnetization transfer, and measures of exchange from spin-lock imaging (S ρ $$ {S}_{\rho } $$ ), for assessing and predicting the severity of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) over time. METHODS Pcy/Pcy mice with CD1 strain, a mouse model of autosomal dominant PKD, were imaged at 5, 9, and 26 wk of age using a 7T MRI system. Twelve-week normal CD1 mice were used as controls. Post-mortem paraffin tissue sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red to identify histological changes. RESULTS Histology detected segmental cyst formation in the early stage (week 5) and progression of PKD over time in Pcy kidneys. InT 2 $$ {T}_2 $$ -weighted images, small cysts appeared locally in cystic kidneys in week 5 and gradually extended to the whole cortex and outer stripe of outer medulla region from week 5 to week 26. Regional PSR,R 1 $$ {R}_1 $$ ,R 2 $$ {R}_2 $$ , andR 1 ρ $$ {R}_{1\rho } $$ decreased consistently over time compared to normal kidneys, with significant changes detected in week 5. Among all the MRI measures,R 2 $$ {R}_2 $$ andR 1 ρ $$ {R}_{1\rho } $$ allow highest detectability to PKD, while PSR andR 1 $$ {R}_1 $$ have highest correlation with pathological indices of PKD. Using optimum MRI parameters as regressors, multiple linear regression provides reliable prediction of PKD progression. CONCLUSION R 2 $$ {R}_2 $$ ,R 1 $$ {R}_1 $$ , and PSR are sensitive indicators of the presence of PKD. Multiparametric MRI allows a comprehensive analysis of renal changes caused by cyst formation and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Seo Yeon Lee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Fatemeh Adelnia
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Kevin D. Harkins
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lilly He
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Philipp Ellinger
- Bayer AG Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Grundmann
- Bayer AG Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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Choi J, Choi MS, Jeon J, Moon J, Lee J, Kong E, Lucia SE, Hong S, Lee JH, Lee EY, Kim P. In vivo longitudinal 920 nm two-photon intravital kidney imaging of a dynamic 2,8-DHA crystal formation and tubular deterioration in the adenine-induced chronic kidney disease mouse model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1647-1658. [PMID: 37078028 PMCID: PMC10110322 DOI: 10.1364/boe.485187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common renal diseases manifested by gradual loss of kidney function with no symptoms in the early stage. The underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of CKD with various causes such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and kidney infection is not well understood. In vivo longitudinal repetitive cellular-level observation of the kidney of the CKD animal model can provide novel insights to diagnose and treat the CKD by visualizing the dynamically changing pathophysiology of CKD with its progression over time. In this study, using two-photon intravital microscopy with a single 920 nm fixed-wavelength fs-pulsed laser, we longitudinally and repetitively observed the kidney of an adenine diet-induced CKD mouse model for 30 days. Interestingly, we could successfully visualize the 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) crystal formation with a second-harmonics generation (SHG) signal and the morphological deterioration of renal tubules with autofluorescence using a single 920 nm two-photon excitation. The longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging results of increasing 2,8-DHA crystals and decreasing tubular area ratio visualized by SHG and autofluorescence signal, respectively, were highly correlated with the CKD progression monitored by a blood test showing increased cystatin C and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels over time. This result suggests the potential of label-free second-harmonics generation crystal imaging as a novel optical technique for in vivo CKD progression monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehwi Jeon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Moon
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu Lee
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephani Edwina Lucia
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Hong
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Min S, Chang D, Wang YC, Xu TT, Ge H, Zhang J, Wang B, Ju S. Novel small-molecule compound VCP979 attenuates renal fibrosis in male rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:327-338. [PMID: 36715096 PMCID: PMC10159523 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221147569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease, while efficient therapy against renal fibrosis is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the role of a novel small-molecule compound VCP979 on renal fibrosis and inflammation in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). One week after the UUO surgery, rats were administered VCP979 by gavage for one week, and after treatment, magnetic resonance imaging of T1rho mapping and histopathological analysis were performed to evaluate renal fibrosis in vivo and ex vivo. This study showed that treatment with VCP979 effectively reduced renal fibrosis, extracellular matrix accumulation, and alleviated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in UUO rats, as well as improved renal function. In vivo T1rho mapping displayed increased T1rho values in the UUO rats, which was decreased after VCP979 treatment, and a positive correlation was detected between the T1rho values and the percentage of fibrotic area. Moreover, the administration of VCP979 also ameliorated the inflammatory cytokines expression and the infiltration of macrophages in renal tissues. Mechanistically, VCP979 treatment inhibited the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B, and transforming growth factor-β1/Smads signaling pathways. These results indicated that VCP979 could be an effective therapeutic agent for alleviating renal fibrosis and inflammation in the rat model of UUO via its antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Min
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Wang F, Otsuka T, Adelnia F, Takahashi K, Delgado R, Harkins KD, Zu Z, de Caestecker MP, Harris RC, Gore JC, Takahashi T. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of long-term renal atrophy and fibrosis after ischemia reperfusion induced acute kidney injury in mice. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4786. [PMID: 35704387 PMCID: PMC10805124 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tubular atrophy and fibrosis are pathological changes that determine the prognosis of kidney disease induced by acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to evaluate multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, including pool size ratio (PSR) from quantitative magnetization transfer, relaxation rates, and measures from spin-lock imaging ( R 1 ρ and S ρ ), for assessing the pathological changes associated with AKI-induced kidney disease. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice first underwent unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) induced by reperfusion after 45 min of ischemia. They were imaged using a 7T MRI system 56 days after the injury. Paraffin tissue sections were stained using Masson trichrome and picrosirius red to identify histopathological changes such as tubular atrophy and fibrosis. Histology detected extensive tubular atrophy and moderate fibrosis in the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla (CR + OSOM) and more prominent fibrosis in the inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM) of IRI kidneys. In the CR + OSOM region, evident decreases in PSR, R 1 , R 2 , R 1 ρ , and S ρ showed in IRI compared with contralateral kidneys, with PSR and S ρ exhibiting the most significant changes. In addition, the exchange parameter S ρ dropped by the largest degree among all the MRI parameters, whileR 2 * increased significantly. In the ISOM of IRI kidneys, PSR increased while S ρ kept decreasing. R 2 , R 1 ρ , andR 2 * all increased due to more severe fibrosis in this region. Among MRI measures, PSR and R 1 ρ showed the highest detectability of renal changes no matter whether tubular atrophy or fibrosis dominated.R 2 * and S ρ could be more specific to a single pathological event than other MRI measures because onlyR 2 * increased and S ρ decreased consistently when either fibrosis or tubular atrophy dominated, and their correlations with fibrosis scores were higher than other MRI measures. Multiparametric MRI may enable a more comprehensive analysis of histopathological changes following AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Tadashi Otsuka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Fatemeh Adelnia
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Rachel Delgado
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kevin D. Harkins
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mark P. de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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