1
|
Direito R, Barbalho SM, Sepodes B, Figueira ME. Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Exploring Neuroprotective, Metabolic, and Hepatoprotective Effects for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:577. [PMID: 38794239 PMCID: PMC11124874 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend among consumers to seek out natural foods and products with natural ingredients. This shift in consumer preferences had a direct impact on both food and pharmaceutical industries, leading to a focus of scientific research and commercial efforts to meet these new demands. The aim of this work is to review recent available scientific data on foods of interest, such as the artichoke, gooseberry, and polygonoideae plants, as well as olive oil and red raspberries. Interestingly, the urgency of solutions to the climate change emergency has brought new attention to by-products of grapevine bunch stem and cane, which have been found to contain bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. There is a pressing need for a faster process of translating scientific knowledge from the laboratory to real-world applications, especially in the face of the increasing societal burden associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), environmental crises, the post-pandemic world, and ongoing violent conflicts around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines, Universidade de Lisboa (iMed.ULisboa), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal (M.E.F.)
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines, Universidade de Lisboa (iMed.ULisboa), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal (M.E.F.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo Figueira
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines, Universidade de Lisboa (iMed.ULisboa), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal (M.E.F.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gorgzadeh A, Amiri PA, Yasamineh S, Naser BK, Abdulallah KA. The potential use of nanozyme in aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2024:10.1007/s10522-024-10095-w. [PMID: 38466515 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The effects of an increasingly elderly population are among the most far-reaching in 21st-century society. The growing healthcare expense is mainly attributable to the increased incidence of chronic illnesses that accompany longer life expectancies. Different ideas have been put up to explain aging, but it is widely accepted that oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids contributes to the aging process. Increases in life expectancy in all contemporary industrialized cultures are accompanied by sharp increases in the prevalence of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular and neurological conditions, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer. Therefore, academic and public health authorities should prioritize the development of therapies to increase health span. Nanozyme (NZ)-like activity in nanomaterials has been identified as promising anti-aging nanomedicines. More than that, nanomaterials displaying catalytic activities have evolved as artificial enzymes with high structural stability, variable catalytic activity, and functional diversity for use in a wide range of biological settings, including those dealing with age-related disorders. Due to their inherent enzyme-mimicking qualities, enzymes have attracted significant interest in treating diseases associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effects of NZs on aging and age-related disorders are summarized in this article. Finally, prospects and threats to enzyme research and use in aging and age-related disorders are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paria Arab Amiri
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Konrad S, Büchner A, Lenarz T, Paasche G. Impedance development after implantation of hybrid-L24 cochlear implant electrodes. Int J Audiol 2023; 62:1137-1144. [PMID: 36193989 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shorter and thinner electrodes were developed for preserving residual hearing after cochlear implantation by minimising trauma. As trauma is regarded as one of the causes of fibrous tissue formation after implantation, and increase in impedance is considered to be connected to fibrous tissue formation, the aim of the current study was to evaluate impedance development after implantation of Hybrid-L electrodes. DESIGN Impedance values were retrospectively collected from our clinical database and evaluated for all active contacts and basal, middle and apical contacts separately for up to 10 years. STUDY SAMPLES All 137 adult patients received a Hybrid-L electrode and had to be implanted for at least 1 year. RESULTS On average impedances increased to 13 kOhm before first fitting and dropped to 5-7 kOhm under electrical stimulation with lower values measured on apical contacts. Mean values remained stable over years, but variability increased. Values before first fitting were independent of age at implantation whereas lower values were found later in patients of higher age at implantation. CONCLUSION Despite smaller contacts, impedance values after start of electrical stimulation were comparable to published values of Contour electrodes. This might suggest less tissue growth with the Hybrid-L electrode array.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Konrad
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Büchner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Paasche
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ouyang JF, Mishra K, Xie Y, Park H, Huang KY, Petretto E, Behmoaras J. Systems level identification of a matrisome-associated macrophage polarisation state in multi-organ fibrosis. eLife 2023; 12:e85530. [PMID: 37706477 PMCID: PMC10547479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis affects multiple organs and involves a master-regulatory role of macrophages which respond to an initial inflammatory insult common in all forms of fibrosis. The recently unravelled multi-organ heterogeneity of macrophages in healthy and fibrotic human disease suggests that macrophages expressing osteopontin (SPP1) associate with lung and liver fibrosis. However, the conservation of this SPP1+ macrophage population across different tissues and its specificity to fibrotic diseases with different etiologies remain unclear. Integrating 15 single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets to profile 235,930 tissue macrophages from healthy and fibrotic heart, lung, liver, kidney, skin, and endometrium, we extended the association of SPP1+ macrophages with fibrosis to all these tissues. We also identified a subpopulation expressing matrisome-associated genes (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors), functionally enriched for ECM remodelling and cell metabolism, representative of a matrisome-associated macrophage (MAM) polarisation state within SPP1+ macrophages. Importantly, the MAM polarisation state follows a differentiation trajectory from SPP1+ macrophages and is associated with a core set of regulon activity. SPP1+ macrophages without the MAM polarisation state (SPP1+MAM-) show a positive association with ageing lung in mice and humans. These results suggest an advanced and conserved polarisation state of SPP1+ macrophages in fibrotic tissues resulting from prolonged inflammatory cues within each tissue microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Ouyang
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kunal Mishra
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yi Xie
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Harry Park
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kevin Y Huang
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University (CPU)NanjingChina
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Minamibata A, Kono Y, Arimoto T, Marunaka Y, Takayama K. Variability of serum CYFRA 21 - 1 and its susceptibility to clinical characteristics in individuals without cancer: a 4-year retrospective analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:344. [PMID: 37705035 PMCID: PMC10500899 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYFRA 21 - 1 is a useful marker for diagnosing and monitoring lung cancer. However, its stability remains unclear. Moreover, while its applicability to screening is now being investigated, CYFRA 21 - 1 levels in individuals without cancer, who are targets for cancer screening, have not yet been the focus of research. Therefore, the present study investigated variability in and the factors increasing serum CYFRA 21 - 1 levels. METHODS This retrospective study recruited 951 individuals undergoing annual medical examinations for six years. We used data obtained in the first four years. Variability in serum CYFRA 21 - 1 levels over a period of four years were investigated. CYFRA 21 - 1 was categorized as normal (≤ 3.5 ng/ml) or elevated (> 3.5 ng/ml). The rate of an elevated level in one visit and the transition from an elevated to normal level between visits were visualized. A multiple logistic regression model was used to study the relationships between the frequency of elevated CYFRA 21 - 1 levels and clinical characteristics, such as age, sex, body mass index, weight changes, and the smoking status. RESULTS Approximately 5% of subjects had elevated CYFRA 21 - 1 levels once in five tests over four years, while 15% had elevated CYFRA 21 - 1 levels once or more. Among subjects with elevated CYFRA 21 - 1 levels in one blood test, between 63 and 72% had normal levels in the next test. The median CYFRA 21 - 1 level in subjects with elevations in one blood test significantly decreased in the next test at all four time points. The frequency of elevated CYFRA 21 - 1 levels was associated with an older age [odds ratio (OR) = 6.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.01-16.2], current heavy smoking (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.52-7.9), and weight loss (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.07-3.24). CONCLUSIONS Variability in and the factors increasing serum CYFRA 21 - 1 levels beyond the cut-off value need to be considered when interpretating CYFRA 21 - 1 test results. The future application of CYFRA 21 - 1 to lung cancer screening may require more than a single measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asami Minamibata
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 67 Kita-Tsuboicho Nishinokyo Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Kono
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 67 Kita-Tsuboicho Nishinokyo Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Taichiro Arimoto
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 67 Kita-Tsuboicho Nishinokyo Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 67 Kita-Tsuboicho Nishinokyo Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hernandez-Gonzalez F, Prats N, Ramponi V, López-Domínguez JA, Meyer K, Aguilera M, Muñoz Martín MI, Martínez D, Agusti A, Faner R, Sellarés J, Pietrocola F, Serrano M. Human senescent fibroblasts trigger progressive lung fibrosis in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6641-6657. [PMID: 37393107 PMCID: PMC10415539 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell senescence has recently emerged as a potentially relevant pathogenic mechanism in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (f-ILDs), particularly in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We hypothesized that senescent human fibroblasts may suffice to trigger a progressive fibrogenic reaction in the lung. To address this, senescent human lung fibroblasts, or their secretome (SASP), were instilled into the lungs of immunodeficient mice. We found that: (1) human senescent fibroblasts engraft in the lungs of immunodeficient mice and trigger progressive lung fibrosis associated to increasing levels of mouse senescent cells, whereas non-senescent fibroblasts do not trigger fibrosis; (2) the SASP of human senescent fibroblasts is pro-senescence and pro-fibrotic both in vitro when added to mouse recipient cells and in vivo when delivered into the lungs of mice, whereas the conditioned medium (CM) from non-senescent fibroblasts lacks these activities; and, (3) navitoclax, nintedanib and pirfenidone ameliorate lung fibrosis induced by senescent human fibroblasts in mice, albeit only navitoclax displayed senolytic activity. We conclude that human senescent fibroblasts, through their bioactive secretome, trigger a progressive fibrogenic reaction in the lungs of immunodeficient mice that includes the induction of paracrine senescence in the cells of the host, supporting the concept that senescent cells actively contribute to disease progression in patients with f-ILDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Hernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Pulmonology, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Valentina Ramponi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Alberto López-Domínguez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Kathleen Meyer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - María Isabel Muñoz Martín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Daniel Martínez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Department of Pulmonology, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid 28029, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Rosa Faner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid 28029, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Jacobo Sellarés
- Department of Pulmonology, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid 28029, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14183, Sweden
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Biology and Function of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 2 in the Lungs. Pulm Med 2022; 2022:3632764. [PMID: 36624735 PMCID: PMC9825218 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3632764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP) are a family of four endogenous proteins that primarily function to inhibit the activities of proteases such as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Altered MMP/TIMP ratios are frequently observed in several human diseases. During aging and disease progression, the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes structural changes in which elastin and collagens serve an essential role. MMPs and TIMPs significantly influence the ECM. Classically, elevated levels of TIMPs are suggested to result in ECM accumulation leading to fibrosis, whereas loss of TIMP responses leads to enhanced matrix proteolysis. Here, we outline the known roles of the most abundant TIMP, TIMP2, in pulmonary diseases but also discuss future perspectives in TIMP2 research that could impact the lungs. TIMP2 directly inhibits MMPs, in particular MMP2, but TIMP2 is also required for the activation of MMP2 through its interaction with MMP14. The protease and antiprotease imbalance of MMPs and TIMPs are extensively studied in diseases but recent discoveries suggest that TIMPs, specifically, TIMP2 could play other roles in aging and inflammation processes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo T, He C, Venado A, Zhou Y. Extracellular Matrix Stiffness in Lung Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3523-3558. [PMID: 35766837 PMCID: PMC10088466 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and imparts a wide variety of environmental cues to cells. In the past decade, a growing body of work revealed that the mechanical properties of the ECM, commonly known as matrix stiffness, regulate the fundamental cellular processes of the lung. There is growing appreciation that mechanical interplays between cells and associated ECM are essential to maintain lung homeostasis. Dysregulation of ECM-derived mechanical signaling via altered mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways is associated with many common lung diseases. Matrix stiffening is a hallmark of lung fibrosis. The stiffened ECM is not merely a sequelae of lung fibrosis but can actively drive the progression of fibrotic lung disease. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view on the role of matrix stiffness in lung health and disease. We begin by summarizing the effects of matrix stiffness on the function and behavior of various lung cell types and on regulation of biomolecule activity and key physiological processes, including host immune response and cellular metabolism. We discuss the potential mechanisms by which cells probe matrix stiffness and convert mechanical signals to regulate gene expression. We highlight the factors that govern matrix stiffness and outline the role of matrix stiffness in lung development and the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. We envision targeting of deleterious matrix mechanical cues for treatment of fibrotic lung disease. Advances in technologies for matrix stiffness measurements and design of stiffness-tunable matrix substrates are also explored. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3523-3558, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aida Venado
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cai X, Huang J. Clinicopathological factors associated with progression of oral submucous fibrosis: A population-based retrospective study. Oral Oncol 2022; 130:105949. [PMID: 35662030 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucosal fibrosis was one of the oral potentially malignant disorders, which has become a global epidemic disease. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features associated with the disease progression of oral submucosal fibrosis. We recruited 700 cases of oral submucosal fibrosis in the Department of oral pathology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University from July 1996 to July 2019, and analyzed the association among staging of oral submucosal fibrosis and age, sex, sites, duration of areca nut chewing. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 63 years, with a median age of 32 years. The average age of oral submucosal fibrosis in the early stage (35.89 ± 9.97) was different from the average age in the middle stage (32.74 ± 8.83) and advanced stage (31.43 ± 7.57, P < 0.05). The risk of staging progression of oral submucosal fibrosis decreased with age (OR = 0.965, 95%CI: 0.945-0.986, P = 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Cai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Junhui Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, No. 72, Xiangya Street, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ej M, Em M, N D, Ho M. A Peptide/MicroRNA-31 nanomedicine within an electrospun biomaterial designed to regenerate wounds in vivo. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:285-300. [PMID: 34800718 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-31 (miR-31) has been identified to be downregulated in pathologies associated with delayed wound repair. Thus, it was proposed that the delivery of a plasmid encoding miR-31 (pmiR-31) to the skin could hold potential in promoting wound healing. Effective delivery of pmiR-31 was potentiated by encapsulation with the CHAT peptide to form nanocomplexes, this improved cellular entry and elicited a potent increase in miR-31 expression in vitro in both skin human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). Transfection efficiencies with CHAT/pEFGP-N1 were significant at 15.2 ± 8.1% in HMEC-1 cells and >40% in HaCaT cells. In this study, the CHAT/pmiR-31 nanocomplexes at a N:P ratio of 10 had an average particle size of 74.2 nm with a cationic zeta potential of 9.7 mV. Delivery of CHAT/pmiR-31 to HaCaT and HMEC-1 cells resulted in significant improvements in cell migration capacity and increased angiogenesis. In vivo studies were conducted in C57BL/6 J mice were CHAT/pmiR-31 was delivered via electrospun PVA nanofibres, demonstrating a significant increase in epidermal (increase of ∼38.2 µm) and stratum corneum (increase of 8.2 µm) layers compared to controls. Furthermore, treatment in vivo with CHAT/pmiR-31 increased angiogenesis in wounds compared to controls, with a significant increase in vessel diameter by ∼20.4 µm compared against a commercial dressing control (Durafiber™). Together, these data demonstrate that the delivery of CHAT/pmiR-31 nanocomplexes from electrospun PVA nanofibres represent an innovative therapy for wound repair, eliciting a positive therapeutic response across both stromal and epithelial tissue compartments of the skin. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study advances research regarding the development of our unique electrospun nanofibre patch to deliver genetic nanoparticles into wounds in vivo to promote healing. The genetic nanoparticles are comprised of: (a) plasmid micro-RNA31 that has been shown to be downregulated in pathologies with delayed wound repair and (b) a 15 amino acid linear peptide termed CHAT. The CHAT facilitates complexation of miR-31 and cellular uptake. Herein, we report for the first time on the use of CHAT to deliver a therapeutic cargo pmiR-31 for wound healing applications from a nanofibre patch. Application of the nanofibre patch resulted in the controlled delivery of the CHAT/pmiR-31 nanoparticles with a significant increase in both epidermal and stratum corneum layers compared to untreated and commercial controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mulholland Ej
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - McErlean Em
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Dunne N
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - McCarthy Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Radenkovic D, Zhavoronkov A, Bischof E. AI in Longevity Medicine. Artif Intell Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64573-1_248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
Momin M, Mishra V, Gharat S, Omri A. Recent advancements in cellulose-based biomaterials for management of infected wounds. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1741-1760. [PMID: 34605347 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1989407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic wounds are a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Their treatment requires advanced dressings, which can provide a moist wound environment, prevent bacterial infiltration, and act as a drug carrier. Cellulose is biocompatible, biodegradable, and can be functionalized according to specific requirements, which makes it a highly versatile biomaterial. Antimicrobial cellulose dressings are proving to be highly effective against infected wounds. AREAS COVERED This review briefly addresses the mechanism of wound healing and its pathophysiology. It also discusses wound infections, biofilm formation, and progressive emergence of drug-resistant bacteria in chronic wounds and the treatment strategies for such types of infected wounds. It also summarizes the general properties, method of production, and types of cellulose wound dressings. It explores recent studies and advancements regarding the use of cellulose and its derivatives in wound management. EXPERT OPINION Cellulose and its various functionalized derivatives represent a promising choice of wound dressing material. Cellulose-based dressings loaded with antimicrobials are very useful in controlling infection in a chronic wound. Recent studies showing its efficacy against drug-resistant bacteria make it a favorable choice for chronic wound infections. Further research and large-scale clinical trials are required for better clinical evidence of its efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.,SVKM's C B Patel Research Center for Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Varsha Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Sankalp Gharat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suri GS, Kaur G, Jha CK, Tiwari M. Understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - Clinical features, molecular mechanism and therapies. Exp Gerontol 2021; 153:111473. [PMID: 34274426 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung fibrosing disease with high prevalence that has a prognosis worse than many cancers. There has been a recent influx of new observations aimed at explaining the mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. However, despite this, the pathogenesis of the disease is largely unclear. Recent progress has been made in the characterization of specific pathologic and clinical features that have enhanced the understanding of pathologically activated molecular pathways during the onset and progression of IPF. This review highlights several of the advances that have been made and focus on the pathobiology of IPF. The work also details the different factors that are responsible for the disposition of the disease - these may be internal factors such as cellular mechanisms and genetic alterations, or they may be external factors from the environment. The changes that primarily occur in epithelial cells and fibroblasts that lead to the activation of profibrotic pathways are discussed in depth. Finally, a complete repertoire of the treatment therapies that have been used in the past as well as future medications and therapies is provided.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cellular Senescence in Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137012. [PMID: 34209809 PMCID: PMC8267738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic and ultimately fatal age-related lung diseases characterized by the progressive and irreversible accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Over the past years, significant progress has been made in our incomplete understanding of the pathobiology underlying fibrosing ILDs, in particular in relation to diverse age-related processes and cell perturbations that seem to lead to maladaptation to stress and susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Growing evidence suggests that a specific biological phenomenon known as cellular senescence plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence is defined as a cell fate decision caused by the accumulation of unrepairable cellular damage and is characterized by an abundant pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic secretome. The senescence response has been widely recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and in tumour suppression. However, recent evidence strengthens the idea that it also drives degenerative processes such as lung fibrosis, most likely by promoting molecular and cellular changes in chronic fibrosing processes. Here, we review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung fibrosis pathobiology, and we highlight current and emerging therapeutic approaches to treat fibrosing ILDs by targeting cellular senescence.
Collapse
|
15
|
Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Illescas-Montes R, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Ramos-Torrecillas J, de Luna-Bertos E, García-Martínez O, Ruiz C. Antimicrobial properties of olive oil phenolic compounds and their regenerative capacity towards fibroblast cells. J Tissue Viability 2021; 30:372-378. [PMID: 33810929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Some micronutrients of vegetable origin are considered potentially useful as wound-healing agents because they can increase fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY was to evaluate the regenerative effects of selected olive oil phenolic compounds on cultured human fibroblasts and explore their antimicrobial properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS The CCD-1064Sk fibroblast line was treated for 24 h with 10-6M luteolin, apigenin, ferulic, coumaric acid or caffeic acid, evaluating the effects on cell proliferation by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) spectrophotometric assay; the migratory capacity by the scratch assay and determining the expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor- β1 (TGFβ1), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), and Collagen Type I (COL-I) genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial capacity of the polyphenols was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. RESULTS All compounds except for ferulic acid significantly stimulated the proliferative capacity of fibroblasts, increasing their migration and their expression of the aforementioned genes. With respect to their antimicrobial properties, treatment with the studied compounds inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., and Candida Albicans. CONCLUSIONS The phenolic compounds in olive oil have a biostimulatory effect on the regeneration capacity, differentiation, and migration of fibroblasts and exert major antibacterial activity. According to the present findings, these compounds may have a strong therapeutic effect on wound recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Victor Javier Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque de Tecnológico de La Salud (PTS), Avda. Del Conocimiento S/N, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rehan M, Kurundkar D, Kurundkar AR, Logsdon NJ, Smith SR, Chanda D, Bernard K, Sanders YY, Deshane JS, Dsouza KG, Rangarajan S, Zmijewski JW, Thannickal VJ. Restoration of SIRT3 gene expression by airway delivery resolves age-associated persistent lung fibrosis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:205-217. [PMID: 34386777 PMCID: PMC8357317 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for progressive fibrotic disorders involving diverse organ systems, including the lung. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, an age-associated degenerative lung disorder, is characterized by persistence of apoptosis-resistant myofibroblasts. In this report, we demonstrate that sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, is downregulated in lungs of IPF human subjects and in mice subjected to lung injury. Over-expression of the SIRT3 cDNA via airway delivery restored capacity for fibrosis resolution in aged mice, in association with activation of the forkhead box transcription factor, FoxO3a, in fibroblasts, upregulation of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, and recovery of apoptosis susceptibility. While transforming growth factor-β1 reduced levels of SIRT3 and FoxO3a in lung fibroblasts, cell non-autonomous effects involving macrophage secreted products were necessary for SIRT3-mediated activation of FoxO3a. Together, these findings reveal a novel role of SIRT3 in pro-resolution macrophage functions that restore susceptibility to apoptosis in fibroblasts via a FoxO3a-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Deepali Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashish R Kurundkar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin G Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Radenkovic D, Zhavoronkov A, Bischof E. AI in Longevity Medicine. Artif Intell Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58080-3_248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
Melo-Narváez MC, Stegmayr J, Wagner DE, Lehmann M. Lung regeneration: implications of the diseased niche and ageing. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200222. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0222-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most chronic and acute lung diseases have no cure, leaving lung transplantation as the only option. Recent work has improved our understanding of the endogenous regenerative capacity of the lung and has helped identification of different progenitor cell populations, as well as exploration into inducing endogenous regeneration through pharmaceutical or biological therapies. Additionally, alternative approaches that aim at replacing lung progenitor cells and their progeny through cell therapy, or whole lung tissue through bioengineering approaches, have gained increasing attention. Although impressive progress has been made, efforts at regenerating functional lung tissue are still ineffective. Chronic and acute lung diseases are most prevalent in the elderly and alterations in progenitor cells with ageing, along with an increased inflammatory milieu, present major roadblocks for regeneration. Multiple cellular mechanisms, such as cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, are aberrantly regulated in the aged and diseased lung, which impairs regeneration. Existing as well as new human in vitro models are being developed, improved and adapted in order to study potential mechanisms of lung regeneration in different contexts. This review summarises recent advances in understanding endogenous as well as exogenous regeneration and the development of in vitro models for studying regenerative mechanisms.
Collapse
|
19
|
CD47 Promotes Age-Associated Deterioration in Angiogenesis, Blood Flow and Glucose Homeostasis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071695. [PMID: 32679764 PMCID: PMC7407670 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aged population is currently at its highest level in human history and is expected to increase further in the coming years. In humans, aging is accompanied by impaired angiogenesis, diminished blood flow and altered metabolism, among others. A cellular mechanism that impinges upon these manifestations of aging can be a suitable target for therapeutic intervention. Here we identify cell surface receptor CD47 as a novel age-sensitive driver of vascular and metabolic dysfunction. With the natural aging process, CD47 and its ligand thrombospondin-1 were increased, concurrent with a reduction of self-renewal transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and cMYC (OSKM) in arteries from aged wild-type mice and older human subjects compared to younger controls. These perturbations were prevented in arteries from aged CD47-null mice. Arterial endothelial cells isolated from aged wild-type mice displayed cellular exhaustion with decreased proliferation, migration and tube formation compared to cells from aged CD47-null mice. CD47 suppressed ex vivo sprouting, in vivo angiogenesis and skeletal muscle blood flow in aged wild-type mice. Treatment of arteries from older humans with a CD47 blocking antibody mitigated the age-related deterioration in angiogenesis. Finally, aged CD47-null mice were resistant to age- and diet-associated weight gain, glucose intolerance and insulin desensitization. These results indicate that the CD47-mediated signaling maladapts during aging to broadly impair endothelial self-renewal, angiogenesis, perfusion and glucose homeostasis. Our findings provide a strong rationale for therapeutically targeting CD47 to minimize these dysfunctions during aging.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gusev EY, Zotova NV. Cellular Stress and General Pathological Processes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:251-297. [PMID: 31198111 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the viewpoint of the general pathology, most of the human diseases are associated with a limited number of pathogenic processes such as inflammation, tumor growth, thrombosis, necrosis, fibrosis, atrophy, pathological hypertrophy, dysplasia and metaplasia. The phenomenon of chronic low-grade inflammation could be attributed to non-classical forms of inflammation, which include many neurodegenerative processes, pathological variants of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and other manifestations of the endothelial dysfunction. Individual and universal manifestations of cellular stress could be considered as a basic element of all these pathologies, which has both physiological and pathophysiological significance. The review examines the causes, main phenomena, developmental directions and outcomes of cellular stress using a phylogenetically conservative set of genes and their activation pathways, as well as tissue stress and its role in inflammatory and para-inflammatory processes. The main ways towards the realization of cellular stress and its functional blocks were outlined. The main stages of tissue stress and the classification of its typical manifestations, as well as its participation in the development of the classical and non-classical variants of the inflammatory process, were also described. The mechanisms of cellular and tissue stress are structured into the complex systems, which include networks that enable the exchange of information with multidirectional signaling pathways which together make these systems internally contradictory, and the result of their effects is often unpredictable. However, the possible solutions require new theoretical and methodological approaches, one of which includes the transition to integral criteria, which plausibly reflect the holistic image of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugeny Yu Gusev
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Zotova
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Ural Federal University named after B.N.Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ginsenosides: potential therapeutic source for fibrosis-associated human diseases. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:386-398. [PMID: 32372860 PMCID: PMC7195584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is an eventual pathologic change of numerous chronic illnesses, which is characterized by resident fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts during inflammation, coupled with excessive extracellular matrix deposition in tissues, ultimately leading to failure of normal organ function. Now, there are many mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis, which facilitate the discovery of effective antifibrotic drugs. Moreover, many chronic diseases remain a significant clinical unmet need. For the past five years, many research works have undoubtedly addressed the functional dependency of ginsenosides in different types of fibrosis and the successful remission in various animal models treated with ginsenosides. Caveolin-1, interleukin, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), liver X receptors (LXRs), Nrf2, microRNA-27b, PPARδ-STAT3, liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK, and TGF-β1/Smads are potential therapy targeting using ginsenosides. Ginsenosides can play a targeting role and suppress chronic inflammatory response, collagen deposition, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as myofibroblast activation to attenuate fibrosis. In this report, our aim was to focus on the therapeutic prospects of ginsenosides in fibrosis-related human diseases making use of results acquired from various animal models. These findings should provide important therapeutic clues and strategies for the exploration of new drugs for fibrosis treatment.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hoffmann RF, Jonker MR, Brandenburg SM, de Bruin HG, Ten Hacken NHT, van Oosterhout AJM, Heijink IH. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production and impairs repair and corticosteroid responsiveness in lung epithelium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15047. [PMID: 31636329 PMCID: PMC6803636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is characterized by chronic lung inflammation and irreversible lung tissue damage. Inhaled noxious gases, including cigarette smoke, are the major risk factor for COPD. Inhaled smoke first encounters the epithelial lining of the lungs, causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated whether a mitochondrial defect may contribute to increased lung epithelial pro-inflammatory responses, impaired epithelial repair and reduced corticosteroid sensitivity as observed in COPD. We used wild-type alveolar epithelial cells A549 and mitochondrial DNA-depleted A549 cells (A549 Rho-0) and studied pro-inflammatory responses using (multiplex) ELISA as well as epithelial barrier function and repair (real-time impedance measurements), in the presence and absence of the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide. We observed that A549 Rho-0 cells secrete higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than wild-type A549 cells and display impaired repair upon wounding. Budesonide strongly suppressed the production of neutrophil attractant CXCL8, and promoted epithelial integrity in A549 wild-type cells, while A549 Rho-0 cells displayed reduced corticosteroid sensitivity compared to wild-type cells. The reduced corticosteroid responsiveness may be mediated by glycolytic reprogramming, specifically glycolysis-associated PI3K signaling, as PI3K inhibitor LY294002 restored the sensitivity of CXCL8 secretion to corticosteroids in A549 Rho-0 cells. In conclusion, mitochondrial defects may lead to increased lung epithelial pro-inflammatory responses, reduced epithelial repair and reduced corticosteroid responsiveness in lung epithelium, thus potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F Hoffmann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M R Jonker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S M Brandenburg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H G de Bruin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N H T Ten Hacken
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A J M van Oosterhout
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
West MD, Sternberg H, Labat I, Janus J, Chapman KB, Malik NN, de Grey ADNJ, Larocca D. Toward a unified theory of aging and regeneration. Regen Med 2019; 14:867-886. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of mammalian aging. Accordingly, changes in gene expression following the pluripotency transition, and subsequent transitions such as the embryonic–fetal transition, while providing tumor suppressive and antiviral survival benefits also result in a loss of regenerative potential leading to age-related fibrosis and degenerative diseases. However, reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency demonstrates the possibility of restoring telomerase and embryonic regeneration pathways and thus reversing the age-related decline in regenerative capacity. A unified model of aging and loss of regenerative potential is emerging that may ultimately be translated into new therapeutic approaches for establishing induced tissue regeneration and modulation of the embryo-onco phenotype of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Labat
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | | | | | - Nafees N Malik
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
- Juvenescence Ltd, London, UK
| | - Aubrey DNJ de Grey
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee EJ, Cárdenes N, Álvarez D, Sellarés J, Sembrat J, Aranda P, Peng Y, Bullock J, Nouraie SM, Mora AL, Rojas M. Mesenchymal stem cells reduce ER stress via PERK-Nrf2 pathway in an aged mouse model. Respirology 2019; 25:417-426. [PMID: 31364255 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious effects of bleomycin in murine models. However, the mechanism responsible for protection from pulmonary fibrosis by stem cell therapy is still poorly understood, especially in terms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We hypothesized that during bleomycin-induced lung injury, markers of ER stress, specifically the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), increase during injury, resembling the kinetics of collagen deposition in the lung described for the bleomycin model. We aimed to elucidate the possible role of MSC in ER stress modulation. METHODS To determine the kinetics of ER stress in aged mice, the expression of ER stress markers after bleomycin lung injury was measured in old mice at different time points (days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21). To evaluate the consequences of systemic delivery of MSC on lung ER stress in the bleomycin model, we evaluated changes in body weight, lung histology and protein expression of ER stress markers. RESULTS The level of expression of UPR transcription factor XBP-1 and its regulator BiP was elevated at day 7 and progressively increased up to day 21. MSC inhibited BiP expression in bleomycin-induced ER stress, attenuating ER stress via the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-Nrf2 pathway. The expression levels of other ER stress markers were not perturbed by MSC. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that MSC operate on ER stress via several pathways, but the PERK-Nrf2 pathway revealed to be the main functioning pathway in our bleomycin model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Lee
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayra Cárdenes
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diana Álvarez
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacobo Sellarés
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Interstitial Lung Disease Program, Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Sembrat
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paola Aranda
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yating Peng
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jordan Bullock
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seyed M Nouraie
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana L Mora
- Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Vascular Medicine Institute University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Vascular Medicine Institute University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The aging of the human population has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the incidence and prevalence of age-related diseases, including those of the lung. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a disease of aging, and is characterized by a progressive decline in lung function and high mortality. Recent studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction, which can accompany aging phenotypes, may contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we explore current evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells that participate in the fibrotic process. Further, the fates of these cell populations and the potential to target mitochondrial dysfunction as a therapeutic strategy are discussed.
Collapse
|
26
|
DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:145-159. [PMID: 29727725 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration.
Collapse
|
27
|
Rubio GA, Elliot SJ, Wikramanayake TC, Xia X, Pereira-Simon S, Thaller SR, Glinos GD, Jozic I, Hirt P, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M, Glassberg MK. Mesenchymal stromal cells prevent bleomycin-induced lung and skin fibrosis in aged mice and restore wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5503-5512. [PMID: 29271488 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis can develop in nearly any tissue leading to a wide range of chronic fibrotic diseases. However, current treatment options are limited. In this study, we utilized an established aged mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis (BLM) to test our hypothesis that fibrosis may develop simultaneously in multiple organs by evaluating skin fibrosis and wound healing. Fibrosis was induced in lung in aged (18-22-month-old) C57BL/6 male mice by intratracheal BLM administration. Allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) or saline were injected intravenously 24 hr after BLM administration. Full thickness 8-mm punch wounds were performed 7 days later to study potential systemic anti-fibrotic and wound healing effects of intravenously delivered ASCs. Mice developed lung and skin fibrosis as well as delayed wound closure. Moreover, we observed similar changes in the expression of known pro-fibrotic factors in both lung and skin wound tissue, including miR-199 and protein expression of its corresponding target, caveolin-1, as well as phosphorylation of protein kinase B. Importantly, ASC-treated mice exhibited attenuation of BLM-induced lung and skin fibrosis and accelerated wound healing, suggesting that ASCs may prime injured tissues and prevent end-organ fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Rubio
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Seth R Thaller
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - George D Glinos
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Penelope Hirt
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Molina-Molina M, Agusti A, Crestani B, Schwartz DA, Königshoff M, Chambers RC, Maher TM, Faner R, Mora AL, Rojas M, Antoniou KM, Sellares J. Towards a global initiative for fibrosis treatment (GIFT). ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00106-2017. [PMID: 29214157 PMCID: PMC5710382 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00106-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease characterised by increased scarring of lung tissue. Despite the recent introduction of novel drugs that slow disease progression, IPF remains a deadly disease, and the benefits of these new drugs differ markedly between patients. Human diseases arise due to alterations in an almost limitless network of interconnected genes, proteins, metabolites, cells and tissues, in direct relationship with a continuously changing macro- or microenvironment. Systems biology is a novel research strategy that seeks to understand the structure and behaviour of the so-called “emergent properties” of complex systems, such as those involved in disease pathogenesis, which are most often overlooked when just one element of disease pathogenesis is observed in isolation. This article summarises the debate that took place during a European Respiratory Society research seminar in Barcelona, Spain on December 15–16, 2016, which focused on how systems biology could generate new data by integrating the different IPF pathogenic levels of complexity. The main conclusion of the seminar was to create a global initiative to improve IPF outcomes by integrating cutting-edge international research that leverages systems biology to develop a precision medicine approach to tackle this devastating disease. A novel call to action for implementing systems biology in IPF researchhttp://ow.ly/Is0A30gpnVb
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Molina-Molina
- Servei de Pneumologia, Laboratori de Pneumologia Experimental, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvar Agusti
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Pneumologia, Institut Respiratori, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie A, Hospital Bichat, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rosa Faner
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Pneumologia, Institut Respiratori, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lucia Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katerina M Antoniou
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jacobo Sellares
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Pneumologia, Institut Respiratori, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Briley SM, Jasti S, McCracken JM, Hornick JE, Fegley B, Pritchard MT, Duncan FE. Reproductive age-associated fibrosis in the stroma of the mammalian ovary. Reproduction 2017; 152:245-260. [PMID: 27491879 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, tissue remodeling in response to injury leads to tissue regeneration without permanent damage. However, if homeostasis between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is altered, fibrosis - or the excess accumulation of ECM - can disrupt tissue architecture and function. Several organs, including the heart, lung and kidney, exhibit age-associated fibrosis. Here we investigated whether fibrosis underlies aging in the ovary - an organ that ages chronologically before other organs. We used Picrosirius Red (PSR), a connective tissue stain specific for collagen I and III fibers, to evaluate ovarian fibrosis. Using bright-field, epifluorescence, confocal and polarized light microscopy, we validated the specific staining of highly ordered PSR-stained fibers in the ovary. We next examined ovarian PSR staining in two mouse strains (CD1 and CB6F1) across an aging continuum and found that PSR staining was minimal in ovaries from reproductively young adult animals, increased in distinct foci in animals of mid-to-advanced reproductive age, and was prominent throughout the stroma of the oldest animals. Consistent with fibrosis, there was a reproductive age-associated increase in ovarian hydroxyproline content. We also observed a unique population of multinucleated macrophage giant cells, which are associated with chronic inflammation, within the ovarian stroma exclusively in reproductively old mice. In fact, several genes central to inflammation had significantly higher levels of expression in ovaries from reproductively old mice relative to young mice. These results establish fibrosis as an early hallmark of the aging ovarian stroma, and this altered microenvironment may contribute to the age-associated decline in gamete quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Briley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Susmita Jasti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Jennifer M McCracken
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
| | - Jessica E Hornick
- Biological Imaging Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Barbara Fegley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160.,Electron Microscopy Research Laboratory, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ascher K, Elliot SJ, Rubio GA, Glassberg MK. Lung Diseases of the Elderly: Cellular Mechanisms. Clin Geriatr Med 2017; 33:473-490. [PMID: 28991645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural lung aging is characterized by molecular and cellular changes in multiple lung cell populations. These changes include shorter telomeres, increased expression of cellular senescence markers, increased DNA damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stem cell exhaustion. Aging, combined with the loss of protective repair processes, correlates with the development and incidence of chronic respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ultimately, it is the interplay of age-related changes in biology and the subsequent responses to environmental exposures that largely define the physiology and clinical course of the aging lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kori Ascher
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 Northwest 10th Avenue RMSB 7056 (D-60), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gustavo A Rubio
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 Northwest 10th Avenue RMSB 7056 (D-60), Miami, FL 33136, USA; DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Golec M, Wielscher M, Lemieszek MK, Vierlinger K, Skórska C, Huetter S, Sitkowska J, Mackiewicz B, Góra-Florek A, Ziesche R, Yanai H, Fraifeld VE, Milanowski J, Dutkiewicz J. Middle age enhances expression of innate immunity genes in a female mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Biogerontology 2017; 18:253-262. [PMID: 28093691 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are highly sensitive to tissue fibrosis, with a clear age-related component. Among the possible triggers of pulmonary fibrosis are repeated inhalations of fine organic particles. How age affects this response, is still far from being fully understood. We examined the impact of middle-age on gene expression in pulmonary fibrosis, using the novel "inhalation challenge set" mouse model. Our results demonstrate that the response of female mice to exposure of Pantoea agglomerans extract primarily involves various immune-related pathways and cell-cell/cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We found that middle-age had a strong effect on the response to the P. agglomerans-induced lung fibrosis, featured by a more rapid response and increased magnitude of expression changes. Genes belonging to innate immunity pathways (such as the TLR signaling and the NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity) were particularly up-regulated in middle-aged animals, suggesting that they may be potential targets for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalations of organic particles. Our analysis also highlights the relevance of the "inhalation challenge set" mouse model to lung aging and related pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Golec
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | | | | | - Czesława Skórska
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Mackiewicz
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Florek
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rolf Ziesche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Clinical Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hagai Yanai
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Vadim E Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Dutkiewicz
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Dugo M, Cotroneo CE, Lavoie-Charland E, Incarbone M, Santambrogio L, Rosso L, van den Berge M, Nickle D, Paré PD, Bossé Y, Dragani TA, Colombo F. Human Lung Tissue Transcriptome: Influence of Sex and Age. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167460. [PMID: 27902768 PMCID: PMC5130276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex and age strongly influence the pathophysiology of human lungs, but scarce information is available about their effects on pulmonary gene expression. Methods We followed a discovery-validation strategy to identify sex- and age-related transcriptional differences in lung. Results We identified transcriptional profiles significantly associated with sex (215 genes; FDR < 0.05) and age at surgery (217 genes) in non-involved lung tissue resected from 284 lung adenocarcinoma patients. When these profiles were tested in three independent series of non-tumor lung tissue from an additional 1,111 patients, we validated the association with sex and age for 25 and 22 genes, respectively. Among the 17 sex-biased genes mapping on chromosome X, 16 have been reported to escape X-chromosome inactivation in other tissues or cells, suggesting that this mechanism influences lung transcription too. Our 22 age-related genes partially overlap with genes modulated by age in other tissues, suggesting that the aging process has similar consequences on gene expression in different organs. Finally, seven genes whose expression was modulated by sex in non-tumor lung tissue, but no age-related gene, were also validated using publicly available data from 990 lung adenocarcinoma samples, suggesting that the physiological regulatory mechanisms are only partially active in neoplastic tissue. Conclusions Gene expression in non-tumor lung tissue is modulated by both sex and age. These findings represent a validated starting point for research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed differences in the course of lung diseases among men and women of different ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dugo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara E. Cotroneo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Incarbone
- Department of Surgery, San Giuseppe Hospital–MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Santambrogio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Nickle
- Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Paré
- University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation and Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Tommaso A. Dragani
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tziotzios C, Stefanato CM, Fenton DA, Simpson MA, McGrath JA. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: reflections and hypotheses on aetiology and pathogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:847-852. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Tziotzios
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London (Guy's Campus); London UK
| | | | - David A. Fenton
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London (Guy's Campus); London UK
| | - Michael A. Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; London UK
| | - John A. McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London (Guy's Campus); London UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
With the expected rapid growth of the aging population worldwide, there is a clear need to understand the complex process of aging to develop interventions that might extend the health span in this group of patients. Aging is associated with increased susceptibility to a variety of chronic diseases, and lung pathologies are no exception. The prevalence of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been found to increase considerably with age. In October 2014, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care of the University of Pittsburgh cohosted the Pittsburgh-Munich Lung Conference focused in aging and lung disease with the Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich Germany. The purpose of the conference was to disseminate novel concepts in aging mechanisms that have an impact in lung physiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases that commonly occur in older populations. The conference included 28 presentations on diverse topics, which are summarized in this report. The participants identified priorities for future basic and translational investigations that will assist in the identification of molecular insights involved in the pathogenesis of age-related pulmonary diseases and the design of therapeutic interventions for these lung conditions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tashiro J, Elliot SJ, Gerth DJ, Xia X, Pereira-Simon S, Choi R, Catanuto P, Shahzeidi S, Toonkel RL, Shah RH, El Salem F, Glassberg MK. Therapeutic benefits of young, but not old, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a chronic mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2015; 166:554-67. [PMID: 26432923 PMCID: PMC4922649 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The observation that pulmonary inflammatory lesions and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis spontaneously resolve in young mice, whereas remaining irreversible in aged mice suggests that impairment of pulmonary regeneration and repair is associated with aging. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may promote repair after injury, we postulated that differences in MSCs from aged mice may underlie postinjury fibrosis in aging. The potential for young-donor MSCs to inhibit BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in aged male mice (>22 months) has not been studied. Adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) from young (4 months) and old (22 months) male mice were infused 1 day after intratracheal BLM administration. At 21-day sacrifice, aged BLM mice demonstrated lung fibrosis by Ashcroft score, collagen content, and α(v)-integrin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Lung tissue from aged BLM mice receiving young ASCs exhibited decreased fibrosis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity, oxidative stress, and markers of apoptosis vs BLM controls. Lung mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also decreased in aged BLM mice receiving young-donor ASCs vs BLM controls. In contrast, old-donor ASC treatment in aged BLM mice did not reduce fibrosis and related markers. On examination of the cells, young-donor ASCs had decreased mRNA expression of MMP-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor, and protein kinase B (AKT) activation compared with old-donor ASCs. These results show that the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in aged mice could be blocked by young-donor ASCs and that the mechanisms involve changes in collagen turnover and markers of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tashiro
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - David J Gerth
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Rhea Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Paola Catanuto
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Shahriar Shahzeidi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Rebecca L Toonkel
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Fla
| | - Rahil H Shah
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Fadi El Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhavoronkov A, Bhullar B. Classifying aging as a disease in the context of ICD-11. Front Genet 2015; 6:326. [PMID: 26583032 PMCID: PMC4631811 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex continuous multifactorial process leading to loss of function and crystalizing into the many age-related diseases. Here, we explore the arguments for classifying aging as a disease in the context of the upcoming World Health Organization's 11th International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11), expected to be finalized in 2018. We hypothesize that classifying aging as a disease with a "non-garbage" set of codes will result in new approaches and business models for addressing aging as a treatable condition, which will lead to both economic and healthcare benefits for all stakeholders. Actionable classification of aging as a disease may lead to more efficient allocation of resources by enabling funding bodies and other stakeholders to use quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and healthy-years equivalent (HYE) as metrics when evaluating both research and clinical programs. We propose forming a Task Force to interface the WHO in order to develop a multidisciplinary framework for classifying aging as a disease with multiple disease codes facilitating for therapeutic interventions and preventative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Oxford, UK
- Insilico Medicine Inc, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhupinder Bhullar
- Novartis Pharma AG, Department of Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tower J. Programmed cell death in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:90-100. [PMID: 25862945 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis, are required for normal cell turnover and tissue homeostasis. Mis-regulation of PCD is increasingly implicated in aging and aging-related disease. During aging the cell turnover rate declines for several highly-mitotic tissues. Aging-associated disruptions in systemic and inter-cell signaling combined with cell-autonomous damage and mitochondrial malfunction result in increased PCD in some cell types, and decreased PCD in other cell types. Increased PCD during aging is implicated in immune system decline, skeletal muscle wasting (sarcopenia), loss of cells in the heart, and neurodegenerative disease. In contrast, cancer cells and senescent cells are resistant to PCD, enabling them to increase in abundance during aging. PCD pathways limit life span in fungi, but whether PCD pathways normally limit adult metazoan life span is not yet clear. PCD is regulated by a balance of negative and positive factors, including the mitochondria, which are particularly subject to aging-associated malfunction.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ciccarese F, Chiesa AM, Feletti F, Vizioli L, Pasquali M, Forti P, Zoli M, Zompatori M. The Senile Lung as a Possible Source of Pitfalls on Chest Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography. Respiration 2015; 90:56-62. [PMID: 26044398 DOI: 10.1159/000430994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated changes in the pulmonary system could be detected with imaging techniques. Widespread use of lung ultrasonography (US) requires characterization of a normal pattern. OBJECTIVES To compare US and computed tomography (CT) findings in healthy subjects undergoing both techniques (with CT as the gold standard). METHODS We prospectively selected 59 subjects undergoing chest CT and US on the same day, without a history of smoking, respiratory symptoms, or known pulmonary pathologies. There were 44 patients in group 1 (age ≥60 years - elderly) and 15 patients in group 2 (age ≤50 years - young). Lung US was performed with a convex and a linear probe, and 10 chest areas per patient were analyzed. Convex and linear probe agreement was evaluated by means of the Cohen κ statistic; Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables between groups. RESULTS Isolated B-lines were frequent in both group 1 (54.5%) and group 2 (40.0%); the number of chest areas positive for B-lines increased with age (16.1% in group 1 vs. 5.3% in group 2, p = 0.0028). In group 2, we found that 37.5% of subjects with B-lines had at least 1 chest area with multiple B-lines, but only 2 subjects had 2 or more. Moreover, in group 1 the chest CT documented a reticular pattern (2.3%), areas of increased density (9.1%), ground glass (6.8%), cysts (2.3%), bronchiectasis (22.7%), and bronchial thickening (6.8%); in group 2, only cysts (6.7%) and bronchiectasis (6.7%) were found. CONCLUSIONS The senile lung is characterized by mild changes on CT and US. Chest areas positive for B-lines increase with age, and focal multiple B-lines can be found. However, diffuse patterns, especially in symptomatic subjects, suggest a different diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ciccarese
- Radiology Unit, Cardiothoracic-Vascular Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) is a fibrocellular membrane that proliferates on the inner surface of the retina at the macular area. Membrane contraction is an important sight-threatening event and is due to fibrotic remodeling. METHODS Analysis of the current literature regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathogenesis of iERM and fibrotic tissue contraction. RESULTS Epidemiologic studies report a relationship between iERM prevalence, increasing age, and posterior vitreous detachment. Clinically, iERM progresses through different stages characterized by an increased thickness and wrinkling of the membrane. Pathophysiologically, iERM formation is a fibrotic process in which myofibroblast formation and the deposition of newly formed collagens play key roles. Anomalous posterior vitreous detachment may be a key event initiating the formation of iERM. The age-related accumulation of advanced glycation end products may contribute to anomalous posterior vitreous detachment formation and may also influence the mechanical properties of the iERM. CONCLUSION Remodeling of the extracellular matrix at the vitreoretinal interface by aging and fibrotic changes, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of iERM. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying this process may eventually lead to the development of effective and nonsurgical approaches to treat and prevent vitreoretinal fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
|
42
|
Álvarez D, Levine M, Rojas M. Regenerative medicine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current position. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:61-5. [PMID: 25926746 PMCID: PMC4403512 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s49801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible disease of the lung that has no lasting option for therapy other than transplantation. It is characterized by replacement of the normal lung tissue by fibrotic scarring, honeycombing, and increased levels of myofibroblasts. The underlying causes of IPF are still largely unknown. The focus of the current review is the possible use of stem cell therapy, specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a multipotent stromal cell population, which have demonstrated promising data in multiple animal models of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The most studied source of MSCs is the bone marrow, although they can be found also in the adipose tissue and umbilical cord, as well as in the placenta. MSCs have immunomodulatory and tissue-protective properties that allow them to manipulate the local environment of the injured tissue, ameliorating the inflammation and promoting repair. Because IPF primarily affects older patients, the issue of aging is intrinsically linked to many aspects of the disease, including the age of the stem cells. Animal models have shown the success of MSC therapy in mitigating the fibrotic effects of bleomycin-induced PF. However, bleomycin, the most commonly used model for PF, is imperfect in mimicking IPF as it presents in humans, as the duration of the illness is not parallel or reversible, and honeycombing is not produced. Furthermore, the time of MSC dosage has proven to be critical in determining whether the cells will ultimately have a positive or negative effect on disease progression, since it has been demonstrated that the maximal beneficial effect of MSCs occurs during the early inflammatory phase of the disease and that there is no or negative effect during the late fibrotic phase. Therefore, all the current clinical trials of MSCs and IPF, though promising, should proceed with caution as we move toward true stem cell therapy for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Álvarez
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melanie Levine
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Miura K, Egawa Y, Moriki T, Mineta H, Harada H, Baba S, Yamamoto S. Microscopic observation of chemical modification in sections using scanning acoustic microscopy. Pathol Int 2015; 65:355-66. [PMID: 25824722 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) calculates the speed of sound (SOS) through tissues and plots the data on the screen to form images. Hard tissues result in greater SOS; based on these differences in tissue properties regarding SOS, SAM can provide data on tissue elasticity. The present study evaluated whether tissue modifications, such as formalin fixation, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reactions and protein degradation, changed the acoustic properties of the tissues and whether SAM could be a useful tool for following chemical changes in sections. The fixation process was observable by the increased SOS. During the PAS reaction, the glycosylation of tissues was characterized by an increased SOS. Mucous or glycogen distribution was visualized and was found to be statistically comparable among lesions and states. Protease digestion by pepsin led to a decreased SOS. Tissue sensitivity to proteases varied due to the stage, cause and duration of inflammation or ageing. Changes in acoustic properties were more sensitive than those in optical histology. SAM facilitates the visualisation of the time course or distribution of chemical modifications in tissue sections, thus aiding their comparison among tissues. SAM may be an effective tool for studying changes such as protein cross-linkage, tissue repair and ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Miura
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuki Egawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Moriki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Harada
- Division of Pathology, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Division of Pathology, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Smith MM, Melrose J. Proteoglycans in Normal and Healing Skin. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:152-173. [PMID: 25785238 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Proteoglycans have a distinct spatial localization in normal skin and are essential for the correct structural development, organization, hydration, and functional properties of this tissue. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is no longer considered to be just an inert supportive material but is a source of directive, spatial and temporal, contextual information to the cells via components such as the proteoglycans. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of how these important molecules functionally interact with other matrix structures, cells and cellular mediators in normal skin and during wound healing. Recent Advances: New antibodies to glycosaminoglycan side chain components of skin proteoglycans have facilitated the elucidation of detailed localization patterns within skin. Other studies have revealed important proliferative activities of proteinase-generated fragments of proteoglycans and other ECM components (matricryptins). Knockout mice have further established the functional importance of skin proteoglycans in the assembly and homeostasis of the normal skin ECM. Critical Issues: Our comprehension of the molecular and structural complexity of skin as a complex, dynamic, constantly renewing, layered connective tissue is incomplete. The impact of changes in proteoglycans on skin pathology and the wound healing process is recognized as an important area of pathobiology and is an area of intense investigation. Future Directions: Advanced technology is allowing the development of new artificial skins. Recent knowledge on skin proteoglycans can be used to incorporate these molecules into useful adjunct therapies for wound healing and for maintenance of optimal tissue homeostasis in aging skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Mary Smith
- Raymond Purves Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute (University of Sydney), Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute (University of Sydney), Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wheeler JB, Mukherjee R, Stroud RE, Jones JA, Ikonomidis JS. Relation of murine thoracic aortic structural and cellular changes with aging to passive and active mechanical properties. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001744. [PMID: 25716945 PMCID: PMC4392448 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Maintenance of the structure and mechanical properties of the thoracic aorta contributes to aortic function and is dependent on the composition of the extracellular matrix and the cellular content within the aortic wall. Age‐related alterations in the aorta include changes in cellular content and composition of the extracellular matrix; however, the precise roles of these age‐related changes in altering aortic mechanical function are not well understood. Methods and Results Thoracic aortic rings from the descending segment were harvested from C57BL/6 mice aged 6 and 21 months. Thoracic aortic diameter and wall thickness were higher in the old mice. Cellular density was reduced in the medial layer of aortas from the old mice; concomitantly, collagen content was higher in old mice, but elastin content was similar between young and old mice. Stress relaxation, an index of compliance, was reduced in aortas from old mice and correlated with collagen fraction. Contractility of the aortic rings following potassium stimulation was reduced in old versus young mice. Furthermore, collagen gel contraction by aortic smooth muscle cells was reduced with age. Conclusions These results demonstrate that numerous age‐related structural changes occurred in the thoracic aorta and were related to alterations in mechanical properties. Aortic contractility decreased with age, likely because of a reduction in medial cell number in addition to a smooth muscle contractile deficit. Together, these unique findings provide evidence that the age‐related changes in structure and mechanical function coalesce to provide an aortic substrate that may be predisposed to aortopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Wheeler
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (J.B.W., R.M., R.E.S., J.A.J., J.S.I.)
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (J.B.W., R.M., R.E.S., J.A.J., J.S.I.)
| | - Robert E Stroud
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (J.B.W., R.M., R.E.S., J.A.J., J.S.I.)
| | - Jeffrey A Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (J.B.W., R.M., R.E.S., J.A.J., J.S.I.) Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.A.J.)
| | - John S Ikonomidis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (J.B.W., R.M., R.E.S., J.A.J., J.S.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gugatschka M, Ainödhofer H, Gruber HJ, Graupp M, Kieslinger P, Kiesler K, Saxena A, Hirano S, Friedrich G. Age effects on extracellular matrix production of vocal fold scar fibroblasts in rats. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 271:1107-12. [PMID: 24077847 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vocal fold (VF) fibroblasts are the central subject of interest in fibrogenesis and wound healing after VF injury. Scar fibroblasts (SF) exhibit an aberrant production of several extracellular matrix (ECM) components which lead either to VF fibrosis or scarless wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the role of age at the time of injury on ECM production of SF. This is designed as an animal study. VF injury was established unilaterally in eight male Sprague-Dawley rats [3 months of age (n = 4), 11 months of age (n = 4)], while the other side was left intact. Three months after injury the larynges were excised and fibroblasts were extracted from VF [normal fibroblasts (NF)–scar fibroblasts (SF)] and cultured in vitro. After first passage, VF fibroblasts were plated in 24-well plates and levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen type I were determined enzymatically from supernatant after 24 and 72 h. Cultured SF from younger animals produced significantly higher levels of HA compared to NF fibroblasts from the same animals. HA concentrations of the older animals did not differ significantly between the NF and SF cultures, but the range in SF cultures was large. In contrast to previous studies, we found that even 3 months after VF injury cultured SF from young animals expressed higher levels of HA in comparison to SF from older animals. No difference in collagen levels were observed between the younger and older animals. Age of animals is an essential factor during VF healing and has to be considered for study design.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Pancreatic islets secrete hormones that play a key role in regulating blood glucose levels (glycemia). Age-dependent impairment of islet function and concomitant dysregulation of glycemia are major health threats in aged populations. However, the major causes of the age-dependent decline of islet function are still disputed. Here we demonstrate that aging of pancreatic islets in mice and humans is notably associated with inflammation and fibrosis of islet blood vessels but does not affect glucose sensing and the insulin secretory capacity of islet beta cells. Accordingly, when transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of young mice with diabetes, islets from old mice are revascularized with healthy blood vessels, show strong islet cell proliferation, and fully restore control of glycemia. Our results indicate that beta cell function does not decline with age and suggest that islet function is threatened by an age-dependent impairment of islet vascular function. Strategies to mitigate age-dependent dysregulation in glycemia should therefore target systemic and/or local inflammation and fibrosis of the aged islet vasculature.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Aging is marked by changes that affect organs and resident stem cell function. Shorting of telomeres, DNA damage, oxidative stress, deregulation of genes and proteins, impaired cell-cell communication, and an altered systemic environment cause the eventual demise of cells. At the same time, reparative activities also decline. It is intriguing to correlate aging with the decline of regenerative abilities. Animal models with strong regenerative capabilities imply that aging processes might not be affecting regeneration. In this review, we selectively present age-dependent changes in stem/progenitor cells that are vital for tissue homeostasis and repair. In addition, the aging effect on regeneration following injury in organs such as lung, skeletal muscle, heart, nervous system, cochlear hair, lens, and liver are discussed. These tissues are also known for diseases such as heart attack, stroke, cognitive impairment, cataract, and hearing loss that occur mostly during aging in humans. Conclusively, vertebrate regeneration declines with age with the loss of stem/progenitor cell function. Future studies on improving the function of stem cells, along with studies in fish and amphibians where regeneration does not decline with age, will undoubtedly provide insights into both processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sousounis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Joelle A Baddour
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Panagiotis A Tsonis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Song X, Wang B, Lin S, Jing L, Mao C, Xu P, Lv C, Liu W, Zuo J. Astaxanthin inhibits apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells type II in vivo and in vitro through the ROS-dependent mitochondrial signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2198-212. [PMID: 25215580 PMCID: PMC4224554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important molecular mechanism underlying lung fibrosis. The mitochondrion is a major organelle for oxidative stress in cells. Therefore, blocking the mitochondrial signalling pathway may be the best therapeutic manoeuver to ameliorate lung fibrosis. Astaxanthin (AST) is an excellent antioxidant, but no study has addressed the pathway of AST against pulmonary oxidative stress and free radicals by the mitochondrion-mediated signalling pathway. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of AST against H2O2- or bleomycin (BLM)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in alveolar epithelial cells type II (AECs-II) in vivo and in vitro. Our data show that AST blocks H2O2- or BLM-induced ROS generation and dose-dependent apoptosis in AECs-II, as characterized by changes in cell and mitochondria morphology, translocation of apoptotic proteins, inhibition of cytochrome c (Cyt c) release, and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, Nrf-2 and other cytoprotective genes. These data suggest that AST inhibits apoptosis in AECs-II cells through the ROS-dependent mitochondrial signalling pathway and may be of potential therapeutic value in lung fibrosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Melo E, Cárdenes N, Garreta E, Luque T, Rojas M, Navajas D, Farré R. Inhomogeneity of local stiffness in the extracellular matrix scaffold of fibrotic mouse lungs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 37:186-95. [PMID: 24946269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung disease models are useful to study how cell engraftment, proliferation and differentiation are modulated in lung bioengineering. The aim of this work was to characterize the local stiffness of decellularized lungs in aged and fibrotic mice. Mice (2- and 24-month old; 14 of each) with lung fibrosis (N=20) and healthy controls (N=8) were euthanized after 11 days of intratracheal bleomycin (fibrosis) or saline (controls) infusion. The lungs were excised, decellularized by a conventional detergent-based (sodium-dodecyl sulfate) procedure and slices of the acellular lungs were prepared to measure the local stiffness by means of atomic force microscopy. The local stiffness of the different sites in acellular fibrotic lungs was very inhomogeneous within the lung and increased according to the degree of the structural fibrotic lesion. Local stiffness of the acellular lungs did not show statistically significant differences caused by age. The group of mice most affected by fibrosis exhibited local stiffness that were ~2-fold higher than in the control mice: from 27.2±1.64 to 64.8±7.1kPa in the alveolar septa, from 56.6±4.6 to 99.9±11.7kPa in the visceral pleura, from 41.1±8.0 to 105.2±13.6kPa in the tunica adventitia, and from 79.3±7.2 to 146.6±28.8kPa in the tunica intima. Since acellular lungs from mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis present considerable micromechanical inhomogeneity, this model can be a useful tool to better investigate how different degrees of extracellular matrix lesion modulate cell fate in the process of organ bioengineering from decellularized lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melo
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nayra Cárdenes
- Dorothy P. & Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena Garreta
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain; Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Luque
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Dorothy P. & Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain; Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|