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Sprunger ML, Jackrel ME. The role of Matrin-3 in physiology and its dysregulation in disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20220585. [PMID: 38813817 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The dysfunction of many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that are heavily disordered, including TDP-43 and FUS, are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). These proteins serve many important roles in the cell, and their capacity to form biomolecular condensates (BMCs) is key to their function, but also a vulnerability that can lead to misregulation and disease. Matrin-3 (MATR3) is an intrinsically disordered RBP implicated both genetically and pathologically in ALS/FTD, though it is relatively understudied as compared with TDP-43 and FUS. In addition to binding RNA, MATR3 also binds DNA and is implicated in many cellular processes including the DNA damage response, transcription, splicing, and cell differentiation. It is unclear if MATR3 localizes to BMCs under physiological conditions, which is brought further into question due to its lack of a prion-like domain. Here, we review recent studies regarding MATR3 and its roles in numerous physiological processes, as well as its implication in a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macy L Sprunger
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
| | - Meredith E Jackrel
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
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2
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Wu R, Shao S, Yin L, Deng J, Guo S, Lu L. Frameshift mutation in SQSTM1 causes proximal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles: A case report. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1043136. [PMID: 36998782 PMCID: PMC10043206 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1043136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
p62/Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) is a stress-inducible scaffold protein involved in multiple cellular processes, including apoptosis, inflammation, cell survival, and selective autophagy. SQSTM1 mutations are associated with a spectrum of multisystem proteinopathy, including Paget disease of the bone, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (MRV). Herein, we report a new phenotype of SQSTM1-associated proteinopathy, a novel frameshift mutation in SQSTM1 causing proximal MRV. A 44-year-old Chinese patient presented with progressive limb–girdle weakness. She had asymmetric proximal limb weakness and myopathic features on electromyography. The magnetic resonance images showed fatty infiltration into muscles, predominantly in the thighs and medial gastrocnemius, sparing the tibialis anterior. Muscle histopathology revealed abnormal protein deposition, p62/SQSTM1-positive inclusions, and rimmed vacuoles. Next-generation sequencing showed a novel pathogenic SQSTM1 frameshift mutation, c.542_549delACAGCCGC (p. H181Lfs*66). We expanded the pathogenic genotype of SQSTM1 to include a new, related phenotype: proximal MRV. We suggest that SQSTM1 variations should be screened in cases of proximal MRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Wu
| | - Sai Shao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shougang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Dominick M, Houchins N, Venugopal V, Zuberi AR, Lutz CM, Meechooveet B, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Bowser R, Medina DX. MATR3 P154S knock-in mice do not exhibit motor, muscle or neuropathologic features of ALS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 645:164-172. [PMID: 36689813 PMCID: PMC10046992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrin 3 is a nuclear matrix protein that has many roles in RNA processing including splicing and transport of mRNA. Many missense mutations in the Matrin 3 gene (MATR3) have been linked to familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and distal myopathy. However, the exact role of MATR3 mutations in ALS and myopathy pathogenesis is not understood. To demonstrate a role of MATR3 mutations in vivo, we generated a novel CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock-in mouse model harboring the MATR3 P154S mutation expressed under the control of the endogenous promoter. The P154S variant of the MATR3 gene has been linked to familial forms of ALS. Heterozygous and homozygous MATR3 P154S knock-in mice did not develop progressive motor deficits compared to wild-type mice. In addition, ALS-like pathology did not develop in nervous or muscle tissue in either heterozygous or homozygous mice. Our results suggest that the MATR3 P154S variant is not sufficient to produce ALS-like pathology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Dominick
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Nicole Houchins
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Vinisha Venugopal
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Aamir R Zuberi
- Rare and Orphan Disease Translational Center, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Cathleen M Lutz
- Rare and Orphan Disease Translational Center, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Bessie Meechooveet
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - David X Medina
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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4
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Sprunger ML, Lee K, Sohn BS, Jackrel ME. Molecular determinants and modifiers of Matrin-3 toxicity, condensate dynamics, and droplet morphology. iScience 2022; 25:103900. [PMID: 35252808 PMCID: PMC8889142 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrin-3 (MATR3) is a DNA- and RNA-binding protein implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and distal myopathy. Here, we report the development of a yeast model of MATR3 proteotoxicity and aggregation. MATR3 is toxic and forms dynamic shell-like nuclear condensates in yeast. Disease-associated mutations in MATR3 impair condensate dynamics and disrupt condensate morphology. MATR3 toxicity is largely driven by its RNA-recognitions motifs (RRMs). Further, deletion of one or both RRMs drives coalescence of these condensates. Aberrant phase separation of several different RBPs underpins ALS/FTD, and we have engineered Hsp104 variants to reverse this misfolding. Here, we demonstrate that these same variants also counter MATR3 toxicity. We suggest that these Hsp104 variants which rescue MATR3, TDP-43, and FUS toxicity might be employed against a range of ALS/FTD-associated proteins. We anticipate that our yeast model could be a useful platform to screen for modulators of MATR3 misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macy L. Sprunger
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ken Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Brian S. Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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5
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Todd TW, Petrucelli L. Modelling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in rodents. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:231-251. [PMID: 35260846 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient study of human disease requires the proper tools, one of the most crucial of which is an accurate animal model that faithfully recapitulates the human condition. The study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is no exception. Although the majority of ALS cases are considered sporadic, most animal models of this disease rely on genetic mutations identified in familial cases. Over the past decade, the number of genes associated with ALS has risen dramatically and, with each new genetic variant, there is a drive to develop associated animal models. Rodent models are of particular importance as they allow for the study of ALS in the context of a living mammal with a comparable CNS. Such models not only help to verify the pathogenicity of novel mutations but also provide critical insight into disease mechanisms and are crucial for the testing of new therapeutics. In this Review, we aim to summarize the full spectrum of ALS rodent models developed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Bonifacino T, Zerbo RA, Balbi M, Torazza C, Frumento G, Fedele E, Bonanno G, Milanese M. Nearly 30 Years of Animal Models to Study Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Historical Overview and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212236. [PMID: 34830115 PMCID: PMC8619465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, multigenic, multifactorial, and non-cell autonomous neurodegenerative disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron loss. Several genetic mutations lead to ALS development and many emerging gene mutations have been discovered in recent years. Over the decades since 1990, several animal models have been generated to study ALS pathology including both vertebrates and invertebrates such as yeast, worms, flies, zebrafish, mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and non-human primates. Although these models show different peculiarities, they are all useful and complementary to dissect the pathological mechanisms at the basis of motor neuron degeneration and ALS progression, thus contributing to the development of new promising therapeutics. In this review, we describe the up to date and available ALS genetic animal models, classified by the different genetic mutations and divided per species, pointing out their features in modeling, the onset and progression of the pathology, as well as their specific pathological hallmarks. Moreover, we highlight similarities, differences, advantages, and limitations, aimed at helping the researcher to select the most appropriate experimental animal model, when designing a preclinical ALS study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bonifacino
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Arianna Zerbo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Carola Torazza
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Giulia Frumento
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Genoa, Italy
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Cavalli M, Cardani R, Renna LV, Toffetti M, Villa L, Meola G. First Family of MATR3-Related Distal Myopathy From Italy: The Role of Muscle Biopsy in the Diagnosis and Characterization of a Still Poorly Understood Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:715386. [PMID: 34659085 PMCID: PMC8517147 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.715386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MATR3 gene are associated to distal myopathy with vocal cord and pharyngeal weakness (VCPDM), as well as familiar and sporadic motor neuron disease. To date, 12 VCPDM families from the United States, Germany, Japan, Bulgary, and France have been described in the literature. Here we report an Italian family with a propositus of a 40-year-old woman presenting progressive bilateral foot drop, rhinolalia, and distal muscular atrophy, without clinical signs of motor neuron affection. Her father, deceased some years before, presented a similar distal myopathy phenotype, while her 20-year-old son is asymptomatic. Myopathic changes with vacuolization were observed in muscle biopsy from the propositus. These results, together with the peculiar clinical picture, lead to MATR3 gene sequencing, which revealed a heterozygous p.S85C mutation in the propositus. The same mutation was found in her son. Over a 5-year follow-up, progression is mild in the propositus, while her son remains asymptomatic. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data of our propositus are presented and compared to previously reported cases of VCPDM. VCPDM turns out to be a quite homogenous phenotype of late-onset myopathy associated to p.S85C mutation in MATR3 gene. MATR3-related pathology, encompassing myopathy and motor neuron disease, represents an illustrative example of multisystem proteinopathy (MSP), such as other diseases associated to mutations in VCP, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPA1, and SQSTM1 genes. The present report contributes to a further characterization of this still poorly understood pathology and points out the diagnostic utility of muscle biopsy in challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cavalli
- Université Côte d'Azur, Peripheral Nervous System and Muscle Department, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- BioCor Biobank, Department of Clinical Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Laura Valentina Renna
- BioCor Biobank, Department of Clinical Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Mauro Toffetti
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Franciacorta, Chiari, Italy
| | - Luisa Villa
- Université Côte d'Azur, Peripheral Nervous System and Muscle Department, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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van Bruggen R, Maksimovic K, You J, Tran DD, Lee HJ, Khan M, Kao CS, Kim JR, Cho W, Chen XXL, Park J. MATR3 F115C knock-in mice do not exhibit motor defects or neuropathological features of ALS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:48-54. [PMID: 34182213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The F115C mutation in the MATR3 gene has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To determine the pathogenicity of the F115C mutation and the mechanism by which this mutation causes ALS, we generated mice that harbor the F115C mutation in the endogenous murine Matr3 locus. Heterozygous or homozygous MATR3 F115C knock-in mice were viable and did not exhibit motor deficits up to 2 years of age. The mutant mice showed no significant differences in the number of Purkinje cells or motor neurons compared to wild-type littermates. Neuropathological examination revealed an absence of MATR3 and TDP-43 pathology in Purkinje cells and motor neurons in the mutant mice. Together, our results suggest that the F115C mutation in MATR3 may not confer pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah van Bruggen
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katarina Maksimovic
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Justin You
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Duc Tran
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyeok Jun Lee
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mashiat Khan
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ching Serena Kao
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jihye Rachel Kim
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wooin Cho
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiao Xiao Lily Chen
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeehye Park
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Sicking M, Lang S, Bochen F, Roos A, Drenth JPH, Zakaria M, Zimmermann R, Linxweiler M. Complexity and Specificity of Sec61-Channelopathies: Human Diseases Affecting Gating of the Sec61 Complex. Cells 2021; 10:1036. [PMID: 33925740 PMCID: PMC8147068 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of nucleated human cells has crucial functions in protein biogenesis, calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, and signal transduction. Among the roughly one hundred components, which are involved in protein import and protein folding or assembly, two components stand out: The Sec61 complex and BiP. The Sec61 complex in the ER membrane represents the major entry point for precursor polypeptides into the membrane or lumen of the ER and provides a conduit for Ca2+ ions from the ER lumen to the cytosol. The second component, the Hsp70-type molecular chaperone immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein, short BiP, plays central roles in protein folding and assembly (hence its name), protein import, cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and various intracellular signal transduction pathways. For the purpose of this review, we focus on these two components, their relevant allosteric effectors and on the question of how their respective functional cycles are linked in order to reconcile the apparently contradictory features of the ER membrane, selective permeability for precursor polypeptides, and impermeability for Ca2+. The key issues are that the Sec61 complex exists in two conformations: An open and a closed state that are in a dynamic equilibrium with each other, and that BiP contributes to its gating in both directions in cooperation with different co-chaperones. While the open Sec61 complex forms an aqueous polypeptide-conducting- and transiently Ca2+-permeable channel, the closed complex is impermeable even to Ca2+. Therefore, we discuss the human hereditary and tumor diseases that are linked to Sec61 channel gating, termed Sec61-channelopathies, as disturbances of selective polypeptide-impermeability and/or aberrant Ca2+-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sicking
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Sven Lang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Florian Bochen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Essen University Hospital, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Joost P. H. Drenth
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Muhammad Zakaria
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Linxweiler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.B.); (M.L.)
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10
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Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential factors required for the physiological function of neurons, muscle, and other tissue types. In keeping with this, a growing body of genetic, clinical, and pathological evidence indicates that RBP dysfunction and/or gene mutation leads to neurodegeneration and myopathy. Here, we summarize the current understanding of matrin 3 (MATR3), a poorly understood RBP implicated not only in ALS and frontotemporal dementia but also in distal myopathy. We begin by reviewing MATR3's functions, its regulation, and how it may be involved in both sporadic and familial neuromuscular disease. We also discuss insights gleaned from cellular and animal models of MATR3 pathogenesis, the links between MATR3 and other disease-associated RBPs, and the mechanisms underlying RBP-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Malik
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, and
| | - Sami J. Barmada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, and
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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11
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Korb MK, Kimonis VE, Mozaffar T. Multisystem proteinopathy: Where myopathy and motor neuron disease converge. Muscle Nerve 2020; 63:442-454. [PMID: 33145792 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is a pleiotropic group of inherited disorders that cause neurodegeneration, myopathy, and bone disease, and share common pathophysiology. Originally referred to as inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), attributed to mutations in the gene encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP), it has more recently been discovered that there are several other genes responsible for similar clinical and pathological phenotypes with muscle, brain, nerve, and bone involvement, in various combinations. These include heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 and A1 (hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPA1), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), matrin 3 (MATR3), T-cell restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1), and optineurin (OPTN), all of which share disruption of RNA stress granule function and autophagic degradation. This review will discuss each of the genes implicated in MSP, exploring the molecular pathogenesis, clinical features, current standards of care, and future directions for this diverse yet mechanistically linked spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha K Korb
- Departments of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Virginia E Kimonis
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Departments of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.,Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.,Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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12
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Selective neuronal degeneration in MATR3 S85C knock-in mouse model of early-stage ALS. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5304. [PMID: 33082323 PMCID: PMC7576598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A missense mutation, S85C, in the MATR3 gene is a genetic cause for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is unclear how the S85C mutation affects MATR3 function and contributes to disease. Here, we develop a mouse model that harbors the S85C mutation in the endogenous Matr3 locus using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. MATR3 S85C knock-in mice recapitulate behavioral and neuropathological features of early-stage ALS including motor impairment, muscle atrophy, neuromuscular junction defects, Purkinje cell degeneration and neuroinflammation in the cerebellum and spinal cord. Our neuropathology data reveals a loss of MATR3 S85C protein in the cell bodies of Purkinje cells and motor neurons, suggesting that a decrease in functional MATR3 levels or loss of MATR3 function contributes to neuronal defects. Our findings demonstrate that the MATR3 S85C mouse model mimics aspects of early-stage ALS and would be a promising tool for future basic and preclinical research.
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13
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Saez-Atienzar S, Dalgard CL, Ding J, Chiò A, Alba C, Hupalo DN, Wilkerson MD, Bowser R, Pioro EP, Bedlack R, Traynor BJ. Identification of a pathogenic intronic KIF5A mutation in an ALS-FTD kindred. Neurology 2020; 95:1015-1018. [PMID: 33077544 PMCID: PMC7734922 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saez-Atienzar
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jinhui Ding
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adriano Chiò
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Camile Alba
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dan N Hupalo
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert Bowser
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Erik P Pioro
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard Bedlack
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S-A, B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH; Department of Anatomy (C.L.D.), Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; The American Genome Center (C.L.D., C.A., D.N.H., M.D.W.), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Computational Biology Core (J.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience (A.C.), University of Turin, Italy and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neurobiology (R. Bowser), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Neurology (E.P.P.), Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (R. Bedlack), Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center, NC; and Department of Neurology (B.J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
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14
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Le Gall L, Anakor E, Connolly O, Vijayakumar UG, Duddy WJ, Duguez S. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Affected in ALS. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E101. [PMID: 32854276 PMCID: PMC7564998 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal late-onset condition characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Mutations in more than 30 genes are associated to the disease, but these explain only ~20% of cases. The molecular functions of these genes implicate a wide range of cellular processes in ALS pathology, a cohesive understanding of which may provide clues to common molecular mechanisms across both familial (inherited) and sporadic cases and could be key to the development of effective therapeutic approaches. Here, the different pathways that have been investigated in ALS are summarized, discussing in detail: mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, axonal transport dysregulation, glutamate excitotoxicity, endosomal and vesicular transport impairment, impaired protein homeostasis, and aberrant RNA metabolism. This review considers the mechanistic roles of ALS-associated genes in pathology, viewed through the prism of shared molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Le Gall
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47, UK; (L.L.G.); (E.A.); (O.C.); (U.G.V.); (W.J.D.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ekene Anakor
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47, UK; (L.L.G.); (E.A.); (O.C.); (U.G.V.); (W.J.D.)
| | - Owen Connolly
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47, UK; (L.L.G.); (E.A.); (O.C.); (U.G.V.); (W.J.D.)
| | - Udaya Geetha Vijayakumar
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47, UK; (L.L.G.); (E.A.); (O.C.); (U.G.V.); (W.J.D.)
| | - William J. Duddy
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47, UK; (L.L.G.); (E.A.); (O.C.); (U.G.V.); (W.J.D.)
| | - Stephanie Duguez
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47, UK; (L.L.G.); (E.A.); (O.C.); (U.G.V.); (W.J.D.)
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15
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Zhao M, Kao CS, Arndt C, Tran DD, Cho WI, Maksimovic K, Chen XXL, Khan M, Zhu H, Qiao J, Peng K, Hong J, Xu J, Kim D, Kim JR, Lee J, van Bruggen R, Yoon WH, Park J. Knockdown of genes involved in axonal transport enhances the toxicity of human neuromuscular disease-linked MATR3 mutations in Drosophila. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2800-2818. [PMID: 32515490 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the nuclear matrix protein Matrin 3 (MATR3) have been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and myopathy. To investigate the mechanisms underlying MATR3 mutations in neuromuscular diseases and efficiently screen for modifiers of MATR3 toxicity, we generated transgenic MATR3 flies. Our findings indicate that expression of wild-type or mutant MATR3 in motor neurons reduces climbing ability and lifespan of flies, while their expression in indirect flight muscles (IFM) results in abnormal wing positioning and muscle degeneration. In both motor neurons and IFM, mutant MATR3 expression results in more severe phenotypes than wild-type MATR3, demonstrating that the disease-linked mutations confer pathogenicity. We conducted a targeted candidate screen for modifiers of the MATR3 abnormal wing phenotype and identified multiple enhancers involved in axonal transport. Knockdown of these genes enhanced protein levels and insolubility of mutant MATR3. These results suggest that accumulation of mutant MATR3 contributes to toxicity and implicate axonal transport dysfunction in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Zhao
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ching Serena Kao
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Duc Tran
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Woo In Cho
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katarina Maksimovic
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiao Xiao Lily Chen
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mashiat Khan
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hongxian Zhu
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia Qiao
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kailong Peng
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jingyao Hong
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jialu Xu
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deanna Kim
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jihye Rachel Kim
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jooyun Lee
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rebekah van Bruggen
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wan Hee Yoon
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jeehye Park
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Xue YC, Ng CS, Xiang P, Liu H, Zhang K, Mohamud Y, Luo H. Dysregulation of RNA-Binding Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:78. [PMID: 32547363 PMCID: PMC7273501 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have revealed a strong association between mutations in genes encoding many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including TARDBP, FUS, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2B1, MATR3, ATXN2, TAF15, TIA-1, and EWSR1, and disease onset/progression. RBPs are a group of evolutionally conserved proteins that participate in multiple steps of RNA metabolism, including splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stability, localization, and translation. Dysregulation of RBPs, as a consequence of gene mutations, impaired nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, posttranslational modification (PTM), aggregation, and sequestration by abnormal RNA foci, has been shown to be involved in neurodegeneration and the development of ALS. While the exact mechanism by which dysregulated RBPs contribute to ALS remains elusive, emerging evidence supports the notion that both a loss of function and/or a gain of toxic function of these ALS-linked RBPs play a significant role in disease pathogenesis through facilitating abnormal protein interaction, causing aberrant RNA metabolism, and by disturbing ribonucleoprotein granule dynamics and phase transition. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanism by which RBPs are dysregulated and the influence of defective RBPs on cellular homeostasis during the development of ALS. The strategies of ongoing clinical trials targeting RBPs and/or relevant processes are also discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chao Xue
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chen Seng Ng
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pinhao Xiang
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Huitao Liu
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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