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Sharma P, Bhatia P, Singh M, Jamwal M, Pallavelangini S, Das R, Malhotra P, Attri SV, Ducamp S, Fleming MD, Trehan A. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Identifies a Diverse Landscape of Sideroblastic and Nonsideroblastic Iron-Related Anemias with Novel and Pathogenic Variants in an Iron-Deficient Endemic Setting. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:430-444. [PMID: 38360212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited iron metabolism defects are possibly missed or underdiagnosed in iron-deficient endemic settings because of a lack of awareness or a methodical screening approach. Hence, we systematically evaluated anemia cases (2019 to 2021) based on clinical phenotype, normal screening tests (high-performance liquid chromatography, α gene sequencing, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and tissue transglutaminase), and abnormal iron profile by targeted next-generation sequencing (26-gene panel) supplemented with whole-exome sequencing, multiplex ligation probe amplification/mitochondrial DNA sequencing, and chromosomal microarray. Novel variants in ALAS2, STEAP3, and HSPA9 genes were functionally validated. A total of 290 anemia cases were screened, and 41 (14%) enrolled for genomic testing as per inclusion criteria. Comprehensive genomic testing revealed pathogenic variants in 23 of 41 cases (56%). Congenital sideroblastic anemia was the most common diagnosis (14/23; 61%), with pathogenic variations in ALAS2 (n = 6), SLC25A38 (n = 3), HSPA9 (n = 2) and HSCB, SLC19A2, and mitochondrial DNA deletion (n = 1 each). Nonsideroblastic iron defects included STEAP3-related microcytic anemia (2/23; 8.7%) and hypotransferrenemia (1/23; 4.3%). A total of 6 of 22 cases (27%) revealed a non-iron metabolism gene defect on whole-exome sequencing. Eleven novel variants (including variants of uncertain significance) were noted in 13 cases. Genotype-phenotype correlation revealed a significant association of frameshift/nonsense/splice variants with lower presentation age (0.8 months versus 9 years; P < 0.01) compared with missense variants. The systematic evaluation helped uncover an inherited iron defect in 41% (17/41) of cases, suggesting the need for active screening and awareness for these rare diseases in an iron-deficient endemic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Bhatia
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Minu Singh
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manu Jamwal
- Department of Haematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Swetha Pallavelangini
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reena Das
- Department of Haematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Savita V Attri
- Pediatric Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarah Ducamp
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amita Trehan
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Lab Med 2022; 53:640-650. [DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Li X, Cheng Q, Ding Y, Li Q, Yao R, Wang J, Wang X. TRMA syndrome with a severe phenotype, cerebral infarction, and novel compound heterozygous SLC19A2 mutation: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:233. [PMID: 31296181 PMCID: PMC6625038 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by the clinical triad of megaloblastic anemia, sensorineural deafness, and diabetes mellitus. To date, only 100 cases of TRMA have been reported in the world. Case presentation Here, we describe a six-year-old boy with diabetes mellitus, anemia, and deafness. Additionally, he presented with thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, horizontal nystagmus, hepatomegaly, short stature, ventricular premature beat (VPB), and cerebral infarction. DNA sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC19A2 gene: (1) a duplication c.405dupA, p.Ala136Serfs*3 (heterozygous) and (2) a nucleotide deletion c.903delG p.Trp301Cysfs*13 (heterozygous). The patient was diagnosed with a typical TRMA. Conclusion Novel mutations in the SLC19A2 gene have been identified, expanding the mutation spectrum of the SLC19A2 gene. For the first time, VPB and cerebral infarction have been identified in patients with TRMA syndrome, providing a new understanding of the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruen Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Habeb AM, Flanagan SE, Zulali MA, Abdullah MA, Pomahačová R, Boyadzhiev V, Colindres LE, Godoy GV, Vasanthi T, Al Saif R, Setoodeh A, Haghighi A, Haghighi A, Shaalan Y, Hattersley AT, Ellard S, De Franco E. Pharmacogenomics in diabetes: outcomes of thiamine therapy in TRMA syndrome. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1027-1036. [PMID: 29450569 PMCID: PMC6449001 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes is one of the cardinal features of thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia (TRMA) syndrome. Current knowledge of this rare monogenic diabetes subtype is limited. We investigated the genotype, phenotype and response to thiamine (vitamin B1) in a cohort of individuals with TRMA-related diabetes. METHODS We studied 32 individuals with biallelic SLC19A2 mutations identified by Sanger or next generation sequencing. Clinical details were collected through a follow-up questionnaire. RESULTS We identified 24 different mutations, of which nine are novel. The onset of the first TRMA symptom ranged from birth to 4 years (median 6 months [interquartile range, IQR 3-24]) and median age at diabetes onset was 10 months (IQR 5-27). At presentation, three individuals had isolated diabetes and 12 had asymptomatic hyperglycaemia. Follow-up data was available for 15 individuals treated with thiamine for a median 4.7 years (IQR 3-10). Four patients were able to stop insulin and seven achieved better glycaemic control on lower insulin doses. These 11 patients were significantly younger at diabetes diagnosis (p = 0.042), at genetic testing (p = 0.01) and when starting thiamine (p = 0.007) compared with the rest of the cohort. All patients treated with thiamine became transfusion-independent and adolescents achieved normal puberty. There were no additional benefits of thiamine doses >150 mg/day and no reported side effects up to 300 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In TRMA syndrome, diabetes can be asymptomatic and present before the appearance of other features. Prompt recognition is essential as early treatment with thiamine can result in improved glycaemic control, with some individuals becoming insulin-independent. DATA AVAILABILITY SLC19A2 mutation details have been deposited in the Decipher database ( https://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhadi M Habeb
- Paediatric Department, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Ministry, P.O. Box 40740, Al Madinah, 41511, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Mohamed A Zulali
- Paediatric Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Renata Pomahačová
- Department of Paediatrics, Charles University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Ramlah Al Saif
- Paediatric Department, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aria Setoodeh
- Growth & Development Research Centre, University of Tehran, Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Haghighi
- Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alireza Haghighi
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institutes of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Partners HealthCare Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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Sun C, Pei Z, Zhang M, Sun B, Yang L, Zhao Z, Cheng R, Luo F. Recovered insulin production after thiamine administration in permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus with a novel solute carrier family 19 member 2 (SLC19A2) mutation. J Diabetes 2018; 10:50-58. [PMID: 28371426 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier family 19 member 2 (SLC19A2) gene deficiency is one of the causes of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and can be effectively managed by thiamine supplementation. Herein we report on a male patient with a novel SLC19A2 mutation and summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with SLC19A2 deficiency. METHODS The genetic diagnosis of the patient with PNDM was made by sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The clinical characteristics of PNDM were summarized on the basis of a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS The patient with PNDM had c.848G>A (p.W283X) homozygous mutation in SLC19A2. His father had a wild-type SLC19A2 (c.848G) and his mother was c.848G/A heterozygous. The patient and his father both had a diploid genotype (c.848A/A and c.848G/G). After oral thiamine administration, the patient's fasting C-peptide levels increased gradually, and there was a marked decrease in insulin requirements. A search of the literature revealed that thiamine treatment was effective and improved diabetes in 63% of patients with SLC19A2 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS A novel SLC19A2 mutation (c.848G>A; p.W283X) was identified, which was most likely inherited as segmental uniparental isodisomy. Insulin insufficiency in PNDM caused by SLC19A2 deficiency can be corrected by thiamine supplementation. The differential diagnosis of SLC19A2 deficiency should be considered in children with PNDM accompanied by anemia or hearing defects to allow for early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Pei
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Sun
- The Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Center, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Center, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuhui Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoqian Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ortigoza Escobar JD, Pérez Dueñas B. Treatable Inborn Errors of Metabolism Due to Membrane Vitamin Transporters Deficiency. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2016; 23:341-350. [PMID: 28284395 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
B vitamins act as cofactors for strategic metabolic processes. The SLC19 gene family of solute carriers has a significant structural similarity, transporting substrates with different structure and ionic charge. Three proteins of this family are expressed ubiquitously and mediate the transport of 2 important water-soluble vitamins, folate, and thiamine. SLC19A1 transports folate and SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 transport thiamine. PCFT and FOLR1 ensure intestinal absorption and transport of folate through the blood-brain barrier and SLC19A25 transports thiamine into the mitochondria. Several damaging genetic defects in vitamin B transport and metabolism have been reported. The most relevant feature of thiamine and folate transport defects is that both of them are treatable disorders. In this article, we discuss the biology and transport of thiamine and folate, as well as the clinical phenotype of the genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Darío Ortigoza Escobar
- Department of Child Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez Dueñas
- Department of Child Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Manimaran P, Subramanian VS, Karthi S, Gandhimathi K, Varalakshmi P, Ganesh R, Rathinavel A, Said HM, Ashokkumar B. Novel nonsense mutation (p.Ile411Metfs*12) in the SLC19A2 gene causing Thiamine Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia in an Indian patient. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 452:44-9. [PMID: 26549656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA), an autosomal recessive disorder, is caused by mutations in SLC19A2 gene encodes a high affinity thiamine transporter (THTR-1). The occurrence of TRMA is diagnosed by megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and sensorineural deafness. Here, we report a female TRMA patient of Indian descent born to 4th degree consanguineous parents presented with retinitis pigmentosa and vision impairment, who had a novel homozygous mutation (c.1232delT/ter422; p.Ile411Metfs*12) in 5th exon of SLC19A2 gene that causes premature termination of hTHTR-1. PROSITE analysis predicted to abrogate GPCRs family-1 signature motif in the variant by this mutation c.1232delT/ter422, suggesting uncharacteristic rhodopsin function leading to cause RP clinically. Thiamine transport activity by the clinical variant was severely inhibited than wild-type THTR-1. Confocal imaging had shown that the variant p.I411Mfs*12 is targeted to the cell membrane and showed no discrepancy in membrane expression than wild-type. Our findings are the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on this novel nonsense mutation of hTHTR-1 causing TRMA in an Indian patient through functionally impaired thiamine transporter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veedamali S Subramanian
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Sellamuthu Karthi
- School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Ganesh
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 034, India
| | - Andiappan Rathinavel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Madurai Medical College, Madurai 625 020, India
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
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