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Shaffiey SA, Le HD, Christison-Lagay E, Fialkowski EA, Aldrink JH, Grant CN, Honeyman JN, Janek KC, Madonna MB, Rhee DS, Nuchtern JG, Newman EA, LaQuaglia MP, Davidoff AM, Shamberger RC, Malek MM. Critical elements of pediatric neuroblastoma surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg 2023; 32:151338. [PMID: 38042090 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid extracranial malignancy of childhood with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 in the United States compromising approximately 10 % of childhood cancer. Unfortunately, patients with high-risk NG continue to have long-term survival less than 50 %. Both Children's Oncology Group and the International Society of Paediatric Oncology have demonstrated the important role of surgery in the treatment of high-risk NB. Herein, we compose the results of an extensive literature review as well as expert opinion from leaders in pediatric surgical oncology, to present the critical elements of effective surgery for high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hau D Le
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Nationwide Children's Hospital OSU College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Christa N Grant
- Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | | | - Kevin C Janek
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | - Jed G Nuchtern
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcus M Malek
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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2
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Jiang Q, Gao H, Gao G, Li Y, Cheng H, Shi G, Shang A. Neuroblastoma of the lumbosacral canal in an adult: a case report and literature review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1195664. [PMID: 37602246 PMCID: PMC10435846 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1195664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a leading cause of death in children. It usually occurs in the adrenal gland and rarely in the spinal canal. Here, we report the case of a 48-year-old male patient with abnormal thickening of the cauda equina nerve as revealed by lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging. The patient's main clinical manifestations were numbness and pain in both lower limbs. The patient underwent surgical treatment; however, intraoperatively, an unclear border was observed between the cauda equina nerve and the tumor; therefore, the tumor was not forcibly excised. The postoperative pathological results were reported as NB. The disease known as NB, which is extremely rare. We believe that a pathological biopsy is extremely vital for diagnosing NB, and aggressive post-operative radio-chemotherapy could potentially prolong the patient's survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haihao Gao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Gao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Aijia Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Yoneda A. Role of surgery in neuroblastoma. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:177. [PMID: 37039977 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant solid tumor handled by pediatric surgeons. It is well-known that neuroblastoma shows variable biological and clinical behaviors. In this review article, surgical strategy in neuroblastoma was described by risk stratification. Also, strategy of biopsy and clinical conditions that require special considerations such as neuroblastoma detected by mass screening, relapsed neuroblastoma, patients with stage MS and dumbbell type tumors was mentioned. As multimodal systemic treatments have been expanding, the role of surgery in neuroblastoma has become relatively less significant but requisite. We surgeons should decide therapeutic strategy based on the correct understanding of biology of neuroblastoma thinking of the better future of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoneda
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Specialties / Division of Surgical Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Li M, Wang J, Guo P, Jin L, Tan X, Zhang Z, Zhanghuang C, Mi T, Liu J, Wang Z, Wu X, Wei G, He D. Exosome mimetics derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ablate neuroblastoma tumor in vitro and in vivo. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213161. [PMID: 36308859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop exosome-mimetics derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (EM) as a novel nanoscale drug delivery system(nanoDDS) with improved tumor targeting activity, therapeutic effect, and biosafety, and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin loaded EM (EM-Dox) on neuroblastoma (NB) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS EM was prepared by serial extrusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), ammonium sulfate gradient method was used to promote the active loading of doxorubicin, and EM-Dox was obtained after removal of free doxorubicin by dialysis. The obtained EM and EM-Dox were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western Blot assay(WB), and the yield of exosomes and EM was further compared. Confocal fluorescent microscopy was used to verify the uptake of EM-Dox and free doxorubicin (Free-Dox) by NB cells. CCK-8 assay, cell cycle assay, and cell apoptosis assay were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of EM-Dox on NB cells in vitro. In addition, the targeted therapeutic effect and biosafety of EM-Dox against NB were evaluated in tumor-bearing nude mice. RESULTS TEM, NTA, and WB verified that both EM and EM-Dox feature highly similar morphology, size and marker protein expression in comparison with naturally occurred exosomes, but the particle size of EM-Dox increased slightly after loading doxorubicin. The protein yield and particle yield of EM-Dox were 16.8 and 26.3-folds higher than those of exosomes, respectively. Confocal fluorescent microscopy showed that EM and doxorubicin had a definite co-localization. EM-Dox was readily internalized in two well-established human NB cell lines. The intracellular content of doxorubicin in cells treated with EM-Dox was significantly higher than that treated with Free-Dox. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry confirmed that EM-Dox could inhibit NB cell proliferation, induce G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and promote NB cell apoptosis in vitro. In vivo bioluminescence imaging results demonstrated that EM-Dox effectively targets NB tumors in vivo. Compared with Free-Dox, EM-Dox had a significantly increased inhibitory effect against NB tumor proliferation and progression in vivo, without inducing any myocardial injury. CONCLUSIONS EM-Dox showed significantly increased anti-tumor activity in comparison with free doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo, and scalable EMs may represent a new class of NanoDDS that can potentially replace naturally occurred exosomes in preclinical or clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujie Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Peng Guo
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, PR China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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5
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Sorrentino S, Ash S, Haupt R, Plantaz D, Schiff I, Hero B, Simon T, Kachanov D, Shamanskaya T, Kraal K, Littooij A, Wieczoreck A, Balwierz W, Laureys G, Trager C, Sertorio F, Erminio G, Fragola M, Beck Popovic M, De Bernardi B, Trahair T. Presenting features of neuroblastoma with spinal canal invasion. A prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe - Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN). Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1023498. [PMID: 36299690 PMCID: PMC9589152 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1023498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Between 5 and 15% of children with neuroblastoma (NB) present with or develop spinal canal invasion (SCI). The majority of these children have symptoms of epidural compression of spinal cord and/or spinal nerves. Treatment of NB-SCI is considered an emergency but its modalities are not yet well-established. Independently of treatment, NB-SCI may result in significant long-term disabilities. We report on the first prospective study of NB-SCI focused on presenting characteristics of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and correlation between SCI-related symptoms and imaging features. MATERIALS AND METHODS This SIOPEN prospective NB-SCI study opened in June 2014. Patient data including SCI symptoms evaluated by standardized measures and spinal cord imaging studies were collected for each patient. For the purpose of this study data entry was locked on July 2021. RESULTS Of the 208 NB-SCI patients registered, 196 were evaluable for this analysis of whom 67% were symptomatic and 33% asymptomatic. Median age was 11 months. The thorax was the commonest primary tumor site. The median intervals between initial symptoms and diagnosis and between first medical visit and diagnosis were 14 and 3 days, respectively. The was no statistical difference in frequency of presenting characteristics between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Presenting features of NB-SCI patients differed from other NBs for older median age, prevalence of thoracic vs. abdominal primary site, prevalence of localized vs. metastatic disease and lower incidence of MYCN gene amplification. The most common SCI features were motor deficit in the younger and pain in the older patients that correlated on imaging with both transverse and longitudinal extent but not with the level of intraspinal tumor. Spinal cord T2-hyperintensity was more frequently detected in symptomatic patients (not significant). CONCLUSION This prospective study confirms that children with NB-SCI differ from NBs without SCI. Compared to previous studies, it provides more detailed information regarding presenting symptoms, time intervals between SCI symptoms, medical visit and diagnosis, and correlations between symptoms and imaging features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shifra Ash
- Joan and Sanford Weill Paediatric Haematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Division, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- DOPO Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Dominique Plantaz
- Department de Paediatrics, Hôpital Couple Enfants, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Schiff
- Department de Paediatrics, Hôpital Couple Enfants, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Hero
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Simon
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Denis Kachanov
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Shamanskaya
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Katheljine Kraal
- Princess Màxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Alexsandra Wieczoreck
- Paediatric Oncology and Haematology Department, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Walentyna Balwierz
- Paediatric Oncology and Haematology Department, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Geneviève Laureys
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Prinses Elisabeth Kinderziekenhuis, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Trager
- Women's and Childrens Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Giovanni Erminio
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Fragola
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maja Beck Popovic
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Unité d'Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno De Bernardi
- Paediatric Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Toby Trahair
- Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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6
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Martos M, Cano P, Molino JA, López-Fernández S, Hladun R, López M, Guillén G. Minimally invasive surgery for pediatric dumbbell neuroblastoma: systematic literature review and report of a single-stage neurosurgical and thoracoscopic approach. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:950-957. [PMID: 34718957 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional surgical strategies for dumbbell neuroblastoma entail, among others, high risk of spinal deformity. Less invasive procedures might reduce these sequelae, however, there is small evidence comparing different strategies. Indications of minimally invasive surgery in neuroblastoma are still developing. Our aim is to identify and analyze different surgical approaches described in the recent literature and to suggest a minimally invasive option. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted in PubMed (Jan 2000-Dec 2021) to identify reports describing surgical resection of dumbbell neuroblastoma in children, according to the PRISMA guidelines. Only full-text articles were included. RESULTS 7 articles met the inclusion criteria which, added to the present case, represent a total of 43 patients. All were retrospective studies, most of them small series. Tumor location was mostly thoracic. Most of combined approaches were performed in two stages. Spinal deformity after surgery was reported in 3 patients. Minimally invasive approach was described in only one paper, with no reported cases of its use in a single-stage combined surgery. We also report, to our knowledge, the first single-stage posterior neurosurgical approach combined with thoracoscopy for resection of a dumbbell neuroblastoma in an infant. CONCLUSION Surgical resection of dumbbell neuroblastomas is challenging. There is no consensus on best surgical approach. Dumbbell tumors should not be considered a contraindication for minimally invasive surgery. A single stage and minimally invasive strategy is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martos
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Cano
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Molino
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S López-Fernández
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Hladun
- Pediatric Oncohematology Department, Hospital Infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Surgery Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Guillén
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. .,Surgery Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Neuroblastoma with conus medullaris syndrome: A case report. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tang J, Zhang D, Xu YY, Xu XK, Wang FH, Zeng JH, Liang JH, Liu W, Li L. Clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of mediastinal neuroblastoma with intraspinal extension: a retrospective study. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:715-722. [PMID: 34012821 PMCID: PMC8107862 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediastinal neuroblastoma (NB) can invade the spinal canal and result in spinal cord compression. Some patients go on to develop severe spinal deformities after decompression of the spinal cord. The optimal therapeutic strategy for mediastinal NB with intraspinal extension is still unclear. Our study is to assess the therapeutic strategies for such patients. METHODS A total of 77 patients suffered mediastinal tumors with intraspinal extension between March 2015 and Aug 2019 were enrolled in the study. According to the primary therapy, NB were classified into 4 groups: chemotherapy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)/thoracotomy, neurosurgical decompression, and a combined thoracic-neurosurgical approach. Clinical features, including patient demographics, neurologic recovery and survival rate, were assessed. RESULTS Among the 77 patients suffered mediastinal tumors with intraspinal extension, neurological symptoms were present in 44 patients. Neurological deficits improved in 76.5% of patients who underwent neurosurgical intervention and 50% of the other patients (P=0.094). Compression manifestations of ≤4 weeks duration showed an improved outcome compared to a longer compression time, with complete recovery of neurological function in 60% of patients versus 28.6% for patients with a longer symptom duration (P=0.04). NB constituted 49.4% of the 77 patients. An overall survival rate of 90.0%±9.5% was achieved for patients in the combined thoracic-neurosurgical group, 59.5%±15.0% in the thoracotomy group, 40.0%±29.7% in laminectomy group, and 37.0%±20.2% in the chemotherapy group. Complete regression of the tumor was demonstrated in 80% of combined group, which was greater than that of patients in the other groups (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Neurological recovery was correlated with the type of initial treatment and the duration of neurological symptoms. Mediastinal NB with intraspinal extension can be effectively managed with a combined neurosurgical and thoracic surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Yi Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ke Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hang Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Liu Y, Huo L, Zhang J, Liu Y. Intracranial Metastases Tend to Be Overt and Predict Poor Prognosis in Children With Neuroblastoma. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:716880. [PMID: 34805033 PMCID: PMC8596640 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.716880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric extracranial solid neoplasm after leukemia. Intracranial metastases (IM) rarely occur in patients with NB. The present study aimed to review the clinical characteristics of NB patients from a single center presenting with IM. Methods: Two hundred children (aged 3-91 months) with NB admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University between January 2009 and December 2015 were enrolled, and their clinical characteristics were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of IM. Their clinical characteristics, including demographics, clinical features, and laboratory and imaging studies, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: IM occurred in 22 of 200 (11%) neuroblastoma patients, with a median age of 42.5 months (range, 3-91 months), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. Seven patients had IM at the initial diagnosis. Among the 15 children who did not have IM at initial presentation, the median interval from presentation to the diagnosis of IM was 17.3 months (range, 1-55 months). Compared with the control group, NB patients with IM tended to be asymptomatic at the time of NB diagnosis, which was made incidentally during routine physical examination (5 of 22, 22.7%, p < 0.05). In addition, this group had more primary intra-abdominal sites (18 of 22, 81.8%, p < 0.001) and worse prognosis (5 of 22, 22.7%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: NB patients with IM have insidious onset in the early stage and a lower survival rate, especially patients with primary intra-abdominal lesions. Regular neurological monitoring could improve the rate of early diagnosis and prognosis of NB children with IM. Familiarity with the characteristic findings of NB with IM is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis and initiate necessary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Caffarelli C, Santamaria F, Santoro A, Procaccianti M, Castellano F, Nastro FF, Villani A, Bernasconi S, Corsello G. Best practices, challenges and innovations in pediatrics in 2019. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:176. [PMID: 33256810 PMCID: PMC7703504 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper runs through key progresses in epidemiology, pathomechanisms and therapy of various diseases in children that were issued in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics at the end of last year. Novel research and documents that explore areas such as allergy, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, and respiratory tract illnesses in children have been reported. These observations will help to control childhood illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caffarelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Santoro
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy
| | - Michela Procaccianti
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Villani
- UOC di Pediatria Generale e Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Su Y, Qin H, Chen C, Wang S, Zhang S, Zhang D, Jin M, Peng Y, He L, Wang X, Qian S, Qin M, Ge M, Zhang F, Zeng Q, Wang H, Ma X, Ni X. Treatment and outcomes of 1041 pediatric patients with neuroblastoma who received multidisciplinary care in China. Pediatr Investig 2020; 4:157-167. [PMID: 33150309 PMCID: PMC7520112 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children. Multidisciplinary care is critical to improving the survival of pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. Objective To systematically summarize the clinical characteristics of children with neuroblastoma and evaluate their prognosis with multidisciplinary care provided in a single center. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 1041 patients with neuroblastoma who were diagnosed, treated, and followed‐up in the Hematology‐Oncology Center of Beijing Children’s Hospital from 2007 to 2019. Results The median age at diagnosis was 34 months; 80.8% of the patients were younger than 5 years of age. Notably, 243 patients (23.3%) were classified as low‐risk, 249 patients (23.9%) were classified as intermediate‐risk, and 549 (52.7%) were classified as high‐risk. Furthermore, 956 patients underwent surgical resections; 986 (94.7%) patients received chemotherapy; and 176 patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate was 91.3% and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 97.5% in low‐risk group; in the intermediate‐risk group, these rates were 85.1% and 96.7%, respectively, while they were 37.7% and 48.9% in the high‐risk group (P < 0.001 for both). The 5‐year EFS and OS rates were significantly higher in patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 than in patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 (P < 0.001). In total, 278 patients (26.7%) exhibited tumor relapse or progression; the median interval until relapse or progression was 14 months. Of the 233 patients who died, 83% died of relapse or progression of neuroblastoma and 4.3% died of therapy‐related complications. Interpretation The 5‐year OS rate was low in high‐risk patients, compared with low‐and intermediate‐risk patients. Multidisciplinary care is critical for improvement of survival in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. Additional treatment strategies should be sought to improve the prognosis of patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Surgical Oncology Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Chenghao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Shengcai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Mei Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Yun Peng
- Imaging Center Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Lejian He
- Department of Pathology Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Suyun Qian
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Maoquan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
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Zhang AA, Pan C, Xu M, Wang XX, Ye QD, Gao YJ, Tang JY. Association of image-defined risk factors, tumor resectability, and prognosis in children with localized neuroblastoma. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:572-579. [PMID: 31342464 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although localized neuroblastoma has a good prognosis, some cases have undergone treatment failure or recurrence. Apart from biologic features such as MYCN status, we wondered whether some characteristics of growing tumors are prognostic, such as a well-encapsulated mass without infiltration of vital organs. We analyzed the diagnostic utility of image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) to predict successful treatment and prognosis. The overall goal was to achieve maximum cure rates for patients with localized neuroblastoma through a better understanding of clinical characteristics. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the images of patients with localized neuroblastoma who were enrolled between June 1998 and December 2012 at a single institution in Shanghai, China. Unequivocal categorization regarding IDRFs was available in 67 patients. IDRF was assessed at diagnosis and after four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, on average. The median follow-up period was 84 months (range: 48-132 months) after diagnosis. RESULTS MRI and CT indicated a total of 177 IDRFs in these 67 patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed a highly significant negative correlation between the numbers of IDRFs and the possibility of complete removal of neuroblastoma. Intraspinal extension of the tumor, compression of the trachea, and encasement of the main artery in localized neuroblastoma were predictors for incomplete tumor resection. According to univariate analysis, ≥ 4 IDRFs and intraspinal extension of the tumor were significant indicators of poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The number of IDRFs was useful in predicting surgical outcome and event-free survival. The number of IDRFs should be considered in protocol planning, instead of IDRF presence or absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-An Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ci Pan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Dong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China.
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Pio L, Blanc T, de Saint Denis T, Irtan S, Valteau-Couanet D, Michon J, Brisse H, Galmiche-Rolland L, Joyeux L, Odent T, Harte C, Glorion C, Zerah M, Sarnacki S. Multidisciplinary surgical strategy for dumbbell neuroblastoma: A single-center experience of 32 cases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66 Suppl 3:e27670. [PMID: 30828979 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prognosis of dumbbell neuroblastoma (NBL) is mainly determined by the sequelae induced by the tumor itself and the neurosurgical approach. However, after primary chemotherapy, surgical management of the residual tumor, especially the spinal canal component, remains controversial. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study over the last 15 years (2002-2017) including patients treated for NBL with spinal canal extension focusing on timing and type of surgery, complications, and functional and oncological follow-up. RESULTS Thirty-two children (14 M, 18 F) were managed for NBL, with the majority (26) presenting with NBL stroma poor while four had ganglioneuroblastoma intermixed, one nodular, and one ganglioneuroma. All but two patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Upfront laminotomy for spinal cord decompression was performed in two patients; nine patients had extraspinal surgery with a follow-up neurosurgical procedure in seven cases; eight patients had initial neurosurgery followed by an extraspinal procedure, while six patients underwent a combined multidisciplinary approach. With a median follow up of 3.6 years (0.1-14.9), 29 patients (90.6) are alive and two out of three (19, 65.5%) have functional sequelae. CONCLUSION Patients with NBL with persistent spinal canal extension of the tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treated at our center had outcomes that compare favorably with the literature. This is likely due to the multidisciplinary approach to optimal surgical strategy and continuous evaluation of the respective risks of tumor progression. Neurological disability results from initial spinal cord compression or the radicular sacrifice required for tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Blanc
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Timothé de Saint Denis
- Paris Descartes University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Irtan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Michon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Oncology Center SIREDO (Care, Innovation, Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Brisse
- Imaging Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Louise Galmiche-Rolland
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luc Joyeux
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Queen fabiola Children's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Odent
- Paris Descartes University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Harte
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Glorion
- Paris Descartes University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Zerah
- Paris Descartes University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Sarnacki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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De Martino L, Spennato P, Vetrella S, Capasso M, Porfito C, Ruotolo S, Abate ME, Cinalli G, Quaglietta L. Symptomatic malignant spinal cord compression in children: a single-center experience. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:80. [PMID: 31300063 PMCID: PMC6626347 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is associated withpoor prognosis and may lead to permanent paralysis, sensory loss, and sphincter dysfunction. Very limited data are available on incidence and etiology of MSCC in pediatric population. We aimed to examine etiology, clinical presentation and treatment of pediatric patient with MSCC admitted to the Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy. Methods Forty-four children under 18 yearsadmitedsince 2007 and assessed for MSCC clinical presentations, evaluation, and treatment.were retrospectively collected from our institutional pediatric oncology and neurosurgery database. Results The median age at time of MSCC diagnosis was 52 months, with a peak in young (≤3 years) patients. The leading cause of MSCC was extramedullary tumors (63.6%), in particular neuroblastoma (27.2%) followed by Ewing sarcomas (15.9%). Cord compression was the presenting feature of a new malignancy in 33 (75%) patients, and a consequence of metastatic disease progression or relapse in the remaining 11 (25%) patients. Motor deficit was the initial symptoms of spinal compression in all patients, while pain was present in about 60% of patients, followed by sphincteric deficit (43.2%). The primary tumor site was located in the neck in 3 (6.8%) patients, thorax in 16 (36.4%), cervico-thoracic region in 3 (6.8%), thoraco-lumbar region in 8 (18.2%), abdomen in 5 (11.4%), lumbar-sacral region in 7 (15.9%) and thoracic-lumbar-sacral region in 1 (2.3%). The median length of the interval between symptom onset and tumor diagnosis varied widely from 0 to 360 days in the entire population, however this interval was significantly shorter in patients with known neoplasia in comparisonto patients with new diagnosis (at relapse 7 days [interquartile range 3–10] vs at diagnosis 23 days [7–60]). Pre and post-operative spine magnetic resonance imagingwas performed in all cases, and most(95%) patients underwent neurosurgical treatment as first treatment. Severe motor deficit was associated with younger age and severe motor deficit at diagnosis was associated withworst motor outcomes at discharge from neurosurgery. Patients with progression or relapsed disease showed a worst prognosis, while the majority of patients (70.5%) were alive at 5 years after diagnosis. Conclusions The natural history of MSCC in children is associated to permanent paralysis, sensory loss, and sphincter dysfunction, thus prompt diagnosis and correct management are needed to minimize morbidity. Treatment strategies differed widely among cancer types and study groups in the absence of optimal evidence-based treatment guidelines. When the diagnosis is uncertain, surgery provides an opportunity to biopsy the lesion in addition to treating the mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De Martino
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Posillipo Street, 226, 80122, Naples, Italy.
| | - Piero Spennato
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Vetrella
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Posillipo Street, 226, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Capasso
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Posillipo Street, 226, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Porfito
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Posillipo Street, 226, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Ruotolo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Posillipo Street, 226, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Eraldo Abate
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Posillipo Street, 226, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Quaglietta
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Posillipo Street, 226, 80122, Naples, Italy
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