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Rivera-Mondragón A, Ortíz OO, Gupta MP, Caballero-George C. Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Ten Species of Medicinal Importance of Cecropia: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:764-779. [PMID: 34284521 DOI: 10.1055/a-1495-9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work covers a systematic review of literature about the genus Cecropia from 1978 to 2020, emphasizing the analysis of 10 of the most relevant species and their associated biological activities. Cecropia is a neotropical genus, which comprises about 61 native species in the American continent where it is known to be part of the traditional medicine of numerous countries. Secondary metabolites described for this genus showed an elevated structural and functional diversity, where polyphenols have been the most abundant. Based on this diversity, Cecropia phytochemicals represent an important source of potential therapeutic agents yet to be exploited. This review also highlights the effectiveness of combining chemometrics and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a novel approach to successfully single out Cecropia species phytochemicals. While the medicinal use of Cecropia species is officially recognized in National Pharmacopoeias and Formularies of several Latin American countries, it is important to recognize that these phytomedicines are complex mixtures requiring a thorough understanding of their chemical composition and their correlation with biological activities to guarantee their quality, safety, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rivera-Mondragón
- Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Republic of Panama
| | | | - Mahabir P Gupta
- Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Republic of Panama
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Teixeira FM, Coelho MN, José-Chagas FDN, Malvar DDC, Kanashiro A, Cunha FQ, Machado Vianna-Filho MD, da Cunha Pinto A, Vanderlinde FA, Costa SS. Oral treatments with a flavonoid-enriched fraction from Cecropia hololeuca and with rutin reduce articular pain and inflammation in murine zymosan-induced arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112841. [PMID: 32268203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cecropia Loefl. species (Urticaceae) are widely spread across the rainforest in tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America. Inhabitants of different regions of Brazil employ leaves, fruits and sprouts of Cecropia hololeuca Miq. mainly as anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, expectorant, fever suppressant, and against cough. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous leaf extract of C. hololeuca in a murine model of zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) and characterize compounds contributing to these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude aqueous extract of C. hololeuca (CAE) was obtained by infusion, screened for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, and fractionated (solvent partition; RP-2 and Sephadex G-25 column chromatography), yielding fractions that were chemically and pharmacologically investigated. TLC, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and NMR analyses were peformed. The antinociceptive activity was assessed by means of acetic acid-induced writhing, hot-plate and rota-rod tests. ZIA was used to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of oral treatment with CAE, butanolic (BF) and aqueous fraction (AF), as well as the fractions obtained from BF (F2, F2-A and F2-B). Rutin, a flavonoid found in C. hololeuca, was also tested. Mechanical hypernociception, joint edema, local neutrophil recruitment and articular TNF-α quantification were performed to measure the severity of arthritis and identify the anti-inflammatory potential of C. hololeuca. RESULTS CAE (0.03-1 g/kg, p.o.) showed a dose-related inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing test, but did not change the pain latency in the hotplate test, nor the first fall time on the rota-rod test. In addition, CAE (1 g/kg, p.o.) inhibited by 65% the mechanical hypernociception, 46% the joint edema, 54% the neutrophil recruitment and 53% the articular TNF-α concentration levels in ZIA. BF (0.4 g/kg, p.o.), AF (0.6 g/kg), F2 (0.1 g/kg) and F2-A (0.045 g/kg), but not F2-B (0.055 g/kg), inhibited the mechanical hypernociception, joint edema and neutrophil recruitment in ZIA. Rutin (0.001-0.03 g/kg, p.o.) produced dose-related inhibitory effects in the mechanical hypernociception, joint edema and neutrophil recruitment, and at 0.03 g/kg also inhibited articular TNF-α synthesis after intra-articular zymosan injection. Isoorientin, isovitexin, rutin and isoquercitrin were identified in the most active fraction (F2-A), along with luteolin and apigenin derivatives, tentatively identified as isoorientin-2″-O-glucoside and isovitexin-2″-O-glucoside. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the popular use by oral route of aqueous preparations of C. hololeuca against joint inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Our results demonstrated for the first time that oral administration of rutin shows antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in ZIA, indicating that this flavonoid is one of the immunomodulatory compounds involved in the anti-arthritic activity of C. hololeuca.
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Key Words
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
- 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
- Anti-inflammatory effect
- Antinociceptive effect
- Arthritis
- Cecropia hololeuca
- Phenolic compounds
- Rutin
- isoorientin
- isoquercitrin
- isovitexin
- rutin
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Marques Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Neubarth Coelho
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda do Nascimento José-Chagas
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - David do Carmo Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Dias Machado Vianna-Filho
- Program of Graduate Studies in Plant Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Angelo da Cunha Pinto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Frederico Argollo Vanderlinde
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Sônia Soares Costa
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Alves GDAD, Oliveira de Souza R, Ghislain Rogez HL, Masaki H, Fonseca MJV. Cecropia obtusa extract and chlorogenic acid exhibit anti aging effect in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes cells exposed to UV radiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216501. [PMID: 31067277 PMCID: PMC6505949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cecropia obtusa is popularly used in the Amazonian region and exhibits antioxidant activity. Cosmetic formulations containing C. obtusa extract are commercially available for purchase; however, the chemical composition and the effects of the topical application of the extract are not described in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the main components of C. obtusa for the first time and to assess the anti aging effect in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes exposed to UVR. The main components in C. obtusa extract were identified by LC-DAD-MS/MS as chlorogenic acid (CGA), luteolin-C-hexoside, luteolin-C-hexose-O-deoxy-hexose, and apigenin-C-hexose-O-deoxy-hexose. C. obtusa extract and CGA decreased the metalloproteinase-1 and protein carbonyl levels and increased the collagen and hyaluronic acid contents. Overall, the extract exhibited better activity than CGA, and we demonstrated the ability of the extract to protect against the UV-induced increase in the pro inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, which are potential pathways of the antioxidant and anti aging effect. The chemical characterization added important data to broaden the knowledge related to C. obtusa, and the results suggest that the extract is a promising candidate to be incorporated in topical photochemoprotective formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia de Assis Dias Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Rebeca Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hervé Louis Ghislain Rogez
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA), Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Maria José Vieira Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rivera-Mondragón A, Broeckx G, Bijttebier S, Naessens T, Fransen E, Kiekens F, Caballero-George C, Vander Heyden Y, Apers S, Pieters L, Foubert K. Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization and validation of an HPLC-DAD method for the quantification of polyphenols in leaf extracts of Cecropia species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2028. [PMID: 30765714 PMCID: PMC6375923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cecropia species are traditionally used in Latin American folk medicine and are available as food supplements with little information warranting their quality. The optimum conditions for the extraction of chlorogenic acid (CA), total flavonoids (TF) and flavonolignans (FL) from leaves of Cecropia species were determined using a fractional factorial design (FFD) and a central composite design (CCD). A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was validated for the quantification of CA, TF and FL, following the ICH guidelines. Quantitative and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed. The extraction-optimization methodology enabled us developing an appropriate extraction process with a time-efficient execution of experiments. The experimental values agreed with those predicted, thus indicating suitability of the proposed model. The validation parameters for all chemical markers of the quantification method were satisfactory. The results revealed that the method had excellent selectivity, linearity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision were below than 2 and 5%, respectively) and accuracy (98–102%). The limits of detection and quantification were at nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) level. In conclusion, the simultaneous quantification of chemical markers using the proposed method is an appropriate approach for species discrimination and quality evaluation of Cecropia sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rivera-Mondragón
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Géraldine Broeckx
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Bijttebier
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tania Naessens
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Building 208, City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Rivera-Mondragón A, Ortíz OO, Bijttebier S, Vlietinck A, Apers S, Pieters L, Caballero-George C. Selection of chemical markers for the quality control of medicinal plants of the genus Cecropia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1500-1512. [PMID: 28372473 PMCID: PMC6130728 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1307421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Several Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) species are traditionally used in Latin America for the treatment of a variety of diseases including diabetes, arterial hypertension, asthma, bronchitis, anxiety, and inflammation. At present, a number of commercial products based on these plants have been introduced into the market with very little information on methods for guaranteeing their quality and safety. OBJECTIVE This work proposes potential chemical markers for the quality control of the raw materials of Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol., Cecropia peltata L., Cecropia glaziovii Snethl., Cecropia pachystachya Trécul, and Cecropia hololeuca Miq. METHODS The Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System (Herb MaRS) developed by the National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) at the University of Western Sydney was used for selecting chemical markers for the quality control of selected medicinal species of Cecropia. This review covers the period from 1982 to 2016. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid, flavonoidal glycosides (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and rutin), catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins (B2, B5, and C1), steroids (β-sitosterol), and triterpenoids (α-amyrin, pomolic, tormentic and ursolic acids) were selected as chemical markers for the quality control of the leaves. CONCLUSION It is necessary to establish comprehensive standards for guaranteeing quality, safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. The selection of adequate chemical markers for quality control purposes requires a good knowledge about the chemical composition of medicinal plants and their associated biological properties. To the best of our knowledge this review article is the first to address the identification and quantitative determination of the chemical markers for the genus Cecropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rivera-Mondragón
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Orlando O. Ortíz
- Herbarium PMA, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Sebastiaan Bijttebier
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arnold Vlietinck
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Group of Pharmaceutical Research, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- CONTACT Catherina Caballero-GeorgeGroup of Pharmaceutical Research, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Building 219, City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
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Brace EC, Engelberth AS. Enhancing silymarin fractionation using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:187-193. [PMID: 28161126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A significant hurdle for discovery of plant-derived products is the numerous trial-and-error experiments required to develop an effective purification strategy. To overcome the experimental burden, a quantum mechanics-based molecular modeling approach - known as the COnductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) - was used to predict a suitable two-phase solvent system to purify six silymarins from an aqueous mixture. Silymarins, a class of flavonolignans found in milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), are well suited for assessing the use of a molecular modeling approach to predict partitioning in a countercurrent chromatography (CCC) separation because they are well characterized and previous studies report low purity fractionation in liquid-liquid solvent systems. They also present an opportunity to evaluate the use of COSMO-RS in predicting the partitioning of structurally similar isomeric compounds that are present together in an aqueous solution upon extraction from their native source. The COSMO-RS model results predicted the partition coefficients in: three traditional ARIZONA solvent systems (composed of heptane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water), nine additional variations of this quaternary solvent system, and two chloroform, methanol, and water solvent systems. Predicted results were concise but not accurate when compared to experimental results determined by the shake flask method. The 1:4:3:5 n-heptane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (v/v/v/v) system was identified to be an improvement on the 1:4:3:4 system previously reported. The present study verified the ability of COSMO-RS to hone in on one or two solvent systems that will yield the best fractionation using CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Brace
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 125 S. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, 500 Central Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - Abigail S Engelberth
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 125 S. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, 500 Central Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 500 Central Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Li J, Coleman CM, Wu H, Burandt CL, Ferreira D, Zjawiony JK. Triterpenoids and flavonoids from Cecropia schreberiana Miq. (Urticaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013; 48:96-99. [PMID: 23459662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Cecropia schreberiana Miq. (Urticaceae) led to the isolation of four triterpenoids (1-4), three flavone C-glycosides (5-7), two flavan-3-ols (8, 9), two flavanolignans (10, 11), and two proanthocyanidins (12, 13). All compounds were isolated from C. schreberiana for the first time. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of arjunolic acid (4), cinchonain Ia (10), and cinchonain Ib (11) in the Urticaceae family. The occurrence of flavanolignans within the family Urticaceae supports the likelihood that such compounds are more common within the class Magnoliopsida than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA ; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Costa GM, Schenkel EP, Reginatto FH. Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Cecropia. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cecropia genus consists of about 60 species distributed throughout Latin America, mostly in Brazil. These species are widely used in traditional medicine to treat cough, asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, inflammation, heart disease, and as a diuretic. In recent years, there has been an increase in research on Cecropia species, with several phytochemical and pharmacological reports. Concerning its chemical composition, C-glycosylflavonoids and proanthocyanidins have been described as the main constituents of C. glaziovii, C. hololeuca and C. pachystachya, while terpenoids and steroids have been reported in several species, including C. adenopus and C. pachystachya. Among the pharmacological properties described for the genus, the most frequently reported are hypoglycemic activity for C. obtusifolia and C. peltata, and hypotensive and central nervous system activity for C. glaziovii. The present review compiles the information available on this genus because of its ethnopharmacological relevance and the potential therapeutic uses of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geison M. Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina - 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Eloir P. Schenkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina - 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio H. Reginatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina - 88040-900, Brazil
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El-Hagrassi AM, Ali MM, Osman AF, Shaaban M. Phytochemical investigation and biological studies ofBombax malabaricumflowers. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:141-51. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.518146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Costa FDN, Leitão GG. Strategies of solvent system selection for the isolation of flavonoids by countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:336-47. [PMID: 20169552 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids form a large class of important naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Their isolation and purification from natural sources can sometimes be very difficult and time-consuming when traditional phytochemical techniques are used. Countercurrent chromatography (CCC), a support-free liquid-liquid partition chromatography technique, is very useful for the isolation of polar compounds and its use is increasing in the natural products field. In this paper, we propose strategies of solvent system selection for the isolation of flavonoids by CCC, based on data from the literature, plus incorporation of own practical experiences. The selected references report the isolation of over 300 different flavonoid compounds from more than 100 plant species, using 40 different solvent systems, showing the versatility of this technique. The solvent system hexane-ethylacetate-methanol-water is proposed as a starting point for the separation of samples containing free flavonoids, as it was cited in more than 60% of the papers. A "fine tuning" step is proposed at each level of this solvent family. Other modifications include exchanging the alcohol in the system as well as introducing a fifth solvent. The solvent system ethyl-acetate-butanol-water is proposed as the starting point for glycosylated flavonoids. Other solvent systems are also discussed. The use of gradients is proposed for samples containing both free and glycosylated flavonoids, as the polarity window is larger in these cases. High-speed countercurrent chromatography was used in 89% of the reviewed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda das Neves Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abd-Alla HI, Shaaban M, Shaaban KA, Abu-Gabal NS, Shalaby NMM, Laatsch H. New bioactive compounds from Aloe hijazensis. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:1035-49. [PMID: 19521919 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802242851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical constituents and biological activities of leaves and roots of Aloe hijazensis, collected in Saudi Arabia, are reported here for the first time. Twenty-two compounds were obtained, among them eight hydroxyquinones: aloe-emodin (1), emodin (2), chrysophanol (3), aloesaponarin II 3-methyl ether (4), ziganein (5), ziganein-5-methyl ether (6a), aloesaponarin I (7) and chrysophanein (8), the dihydro-isocoumarin feralolide (9), 4,7-dichloro-quinoline (10), the triterpene lupeol (11), the anthrone aloin (12), three aloenin derivatives, aloenin (13) ethylidene-aloenin (14), and aloenin B (15), four flavonoids, quercetin (16), kaempferol (17) cosmosiin (18) and isovitexin (19), and cinnamic acid (20) and two further analogues, caffeic acid (21) and ferulic acid (22). While 15 of the isolated compounds were found in the leaves, 12 were isolated from roots of the plant. Compounds 6a and 10 are reported as new natural constituents, while the compounds 4, 5, 8, and 18 are reported here for the first time from Aloe spp. The structures of the compounds were deduced by intensive studies of their UV, NMR, MS data and by comparison with related structures. The biological activity of plant extracts was studied against various microbial strains, and potent anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities were found. [image omitted] [image omitted].
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Affiliation(s)
- Howaida I Abd-Alla
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki-Cairo, Egypt
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Uchôa VT, de Paula RC, Krettli LG, Santana AEG, Krettli AU. Antimalarial activity of compounds and mixed fractions of Cecropia pachystachya. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Machado EC, Yunes RA, Malheiros A, Gomez EC, Delle Monache F. Two new 11alpha,12alpha-epoxy-ursan-28,13beta-olides and other triterpenes from Cecropia catharinensis. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:1310-6. [PMID: 19023787 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701766406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new triterpenes, 2alpha-acetoxy-3beta,19alpha-dihydroxy-11alpha,12alpha-epoxy-ursan-28,13beta-olide, 3beta-acetoxy-2alpha,19alpha-dihydroxy-11alpha,12alpha-epoxy-ursan-28,13beta-olide and 2-O-acetyl-euscaphic acid together eight known triterpenes were isolated from the roots and stems of Cecropia catharinensis. Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of NMR spectra and the relative configurations established by difference nOe experiments. In addition, four flavonoid glucosides (vitexin, isovitexin, orientin and isoorientin) were found in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Machado
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis-SC, Brazil
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Pauli GF, Pro SM, Friesen JB. Countercurrent separation of natural products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1489-508. [PMID: 18666799 DOI: 10.1021/np800144q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the technology and method development in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CS), is provided. More than six decades of CS theory and applications are critically reviewed and developed into a practical guide to CS for natural products research. The necessary theoretical foundation is given for better use of CS in the separation of biological molecules of any size, small to large, and from any matrix, simple to complex. The three operational fundamentals of CS--instrumentation, biphasic solvent systems, and theory--are covered in a prismatic fashion. The goal of this review is to provide the necessary background and references for an up-to-date perspective of CS and to point out its potential for the natural products scientist for applications in natural products chemistry, metabolome, and proteome research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Abad-García B, Garmón-Lobato S, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. New features on the fragmentation and differentiation of C-glycosidic flavone isomers by positive electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1834-1842. [PMID: 18470889 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Six flavone mono-C-glucosides, four standards (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> C-6)- and -(1 --> C-8)- apigenin and luteolin) and two others from lemon juice (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> C-6)- and -(1 --> C-8)-diosmetin) have been studied in order to analyze their fragmentation patterns. Initial separation was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Several systematic differences between collision-induced dissociation tandem mass (CID-MS/MS) spectra of C-6- and C-8-isomers have been found and some general guidelines and two new diagnostic product ions have been proposed for the differentiation of C-6- and C-8-flavonoid glycosides. These results have been successfully applied to the characterization of two flavone C-glycosides found in lemon juice, and mass spectra of a flavone di-C-glycoside detected in lemon juice have been studied and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Abad-García
- Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Rocha GDG, Simões M, Lúcio KA, Oliveira RR, Coelho Kaplan MA, Gattass CR. Natural triterpenoids from Cecropia lyratiloba are cytotoxic to both sensitive and multidrug resistant leukemia cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7355-60. [PMID: 17889544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of four triterpenoids, euscaphic acid (1), tormentic acid (2), 2alpha-acetyl tormentic acid (3), and 3beta-acetyl tormentic acid (4), isolated from the roots of Cecropia lyratiloba (Moraceae) by countercurrent chromatography, was evaluated in vitro in sensitive and multidrug resistant leukemia cell lines. A structure/activity relationship analysis of the compounds was performed. Acetylation of compound 2 at C2 increased its activity by a factor of 2 while acetylation at C3 had a smaller effect. Compound 1 induces death by activation of caspase-3, dependent apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, the four triterpenoids were also active toward a multidrug resistant (MDR) leukemia cell line, overexpressing glycoprotein-P (P-gp). These results reveal the potential of the terpenoids as source for the development of new anti-neoplastic and anti-MDR drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice da Graça Rocha
- Lab. de Imunologia Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS B1 G, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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17
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Morikawa T, Nakamura S, Kato Y, Muraoka O, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Bioactive Saponins and Glycosides. XXVIII. New Triterpene Saponins, Foliatheasaponins I, II, III, IV, and V, from Tencha (the Leaves of Camellia sinensis). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:293-8. [PMID: 17268104 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New triterpene saponins, foliatheasaponins I-V, were isolated from the methanolic extract of Tencha [the leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE (Theaceae)]. The chemical structures of these new saponins were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the new saponins, foliatheasaponins II and III, were found to inhibit release of beta-hexosaminidase, as a marker of antigen-induced degranulation, in RBL-2H3 cells.
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18
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Ramos Almeida R, Montani Raimundo J, Rodrigues Oliveira R, Coelho Kaplan MA, Gattass CR, Sudo RT, Zapata-Sudo G. Activity of Cecropia lyratiloba extract on contractility of cardiac and smooth muscles in Wistar rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:109-13. [PMID: 16445708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Brazilian forests show high diversity of medicinal plants and several are used in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension and asthma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a methanol extract (ME) of Cecropia lyratiloba and its flavonoid fraction (FF) on the contractility of cardiac, vascular and tracheal smooth muscles. 2. Twitches of rat papillary muscles were obtained with electrical stimulation and were recorded before and after exposure to increasing concentrations of ME and FF. 3. Cardiac depression was induced by FF. At 500 microg/mL FF, the amplitude of twitches was reduced to 56.7 +/- 5.1% of control values (P < 0.05). 4. The contractile response to a single concentration of adrenaline (10 micromol/L) was measured before and after exposure to ME and FF in rat aorta rings with intact endothelium. Both ME and FF inhibited adrenaline-induced contractions of the aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. Adrenaline-induced contractions were reduced to 46.4 +/- 9.9 and 34.2 +/- 6.9% (P < 0.05) of control in the presence of 500 microg/mL ME and FF, respectively. 5. The flavonoids isolated from FF, namely isoorientin and a mixture of orientin and isovitexin, were also tested in the aorta. These flavonoid do not seem to be responsible for the vasorelaxant effects of ME and FF. 6. No changes were observed in acetylcholine-precontracted trachea when exposed to ME or FF. 7. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by FF is likely to be mediated by the release of nitric oxide because vascular relaxation was abolished in the presence of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. 8. In conclusion, vascular relaxation induced by ME and FF could explain the traditional use of the extract of C. lyratiloba for treatment of arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ramos Almeida
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clinica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Marston A, Hostettmann K. Developments in the application of counter-current chromatography to plant analysis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:181-94. [PMID: 16269151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Counter-current chromatography is a very versatile separation technique which does not require a solid stationary phase. It relies simply on the partition of a sample between the two phases of an immiscible solvent system. Some of the more recent applications of the method to the separation of plant-derived natural products are described here. Crude plant extracts and semi-pure fractions can be chromatographed, with sample loads ranging from milligrams to grams. Aqueous and non-aqueous solvent systems are used and the separation of compounds with a wide range of polarities is possible. The technique is complementary to other chromatographic methods and is compatible with gradient systems. The possibilities for solvent selection are almost limitless but some guidelines for the choice of successful systems are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marston
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, Université de Genéve, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genéve 4, Switzerland.
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2003; 14:267-274. [PMID: 12971402 DOI: 10.1002/pca.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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