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Shahnooshi M, Javadi A, Nazockdast H, Ottermann K, Altstädt V. Rheological rationalization of in situ nanofibrillar structure development: Tailoring of nanohybrid shish-kebab superstructures of poly (lactic acid) crystalline phase. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Production and Processing of a Spherical Polybutylene Terephthalate Powder for Laser Sintering. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the production of a spherical polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) powder and its processing with selective laser sintering (SLS). The powder was produced via melt emulsification, a continuous extrusion-based process. PBT was melt blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG), creating an emulsion of spherical PBT droplets in a PEG matrix. Powder could be extracted after dissolving the PEG matrix phase in water. The extrusion settings were adjusted to optimize the size and yield of PBT particles. After classification, 79 vol. % of particles fell within a range of 10–100 µm. Owing to its spherical shape, the powder exhibited excellent flowability and packing properties. After powder production, the width of the thermal processing (sintering) window was reduced by 7.6 °C. Processing of the powder on a laser sintering machine was only possible with difficulties. The parts exhibited mechanical properties inferior to injection-molded specimens. The main reason lied in the PBT being prone to thermal degradation and hydrolysis during the powder production process. Melt emulsification in general is a process well suited to produce a large variety of SLS powders with exceptional flowability.
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Dechet MA, Gómez Bonilla JS, Lanzl L, Drummer D, Bück A, Schmidt J, Peukert W. Spherical Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)-Polycarbonate (PC) Blend Particles by Mechanical Alloying and Thermal Rounding. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1373. [PMID: 30961298 PMCID: PMC6401783 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of co-grinding and the subsequent thermal rounding to produce spherical polymer blend particles for selective laser sintering (SLS) is demonstrated for polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC). The polymers are jointly comminuted in a planetary ball mill, and the obtained product particles are rounded in a heated downer reactor. The size distribution of PBT⁻PC composite particles is characterized with laser diffraction particle sizing, while the shape and morphology are investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thorough investigation and characterization of the polymer intermixing in single particles is achieved via staining techniques and Raman microscopy. Furthermore, polarized light microscopy on thin film cuts enables the visualization of polymer mixing inside the particles. Trans-esterification between PBT and PC during the process steps is investigated via vibrational spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this way, a new process route for the production of novel polymer blend particle systems for SLS is developed and carefully analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Dechet
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Juan S Gómez Bonilla
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lydia Lanzl
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bück
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Vásquez-Rendón M, Álvarez-Láinez ML. Tailoring the mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of high-performance PEI/PBT blends exhibiting dual-phase continuity. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Furushima Y, Kumazawa S, Umetsu H, Toda A, Zhuravlev E, Wurm A, Schick C. Crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate) and its talc composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Furushima
- Materials Characterization Laboratories; Toray Research Center Inc; 3-7, Sonoyama 3-chome Otsu Shiga 520-8567 Japan
- Institute of Physics; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24 Rostock 18059 Germany
- Competence Center CALOR, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 25 Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Sadanori Kumazawa
- R&D Planning Department; Toray Industries, Inc; 1-1, Sonoyama 1-chome Otsu Shiga 520-8558 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Umetsu
- Plastics Research Laboratory; Chemicals Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc; 9-1, Oe-Cho Minatoku Nagoya 455-8502 Japan
| | - Akihiko Toda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Evgeny Zhuravlev
- Institute of Physics; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24 Rostock 18059 Germany
- Competence Center CALOR, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 25 Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Andreas Wurm
- Institute of Physics; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24 Rostock 18059 Germany
- Competence Center CALOR, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 25 Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24 Rostock 18059 Germany
- Competence Center CALOR, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 25 Rostock 18059 Germany
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Wojtczak M, Dutkiewicz S, Pietrzak L, Galeski A, Piorkowska E. Nucleation and crystallization of random aliphatic-butylene terephtalate copolyester. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Santos JM, Guthrie JT. Lewis acid/base character and crystallisation properties of poly(butylene terephthalate). J Chromatogr A 2015; 1379:92-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Xiao X, Zeng Z, Xue W, Kong Q, Zhu W. Isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behaviors of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate-co
-fumarate) copolymer. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Oburoğlu N, Ercan N, Durmus A, Kaşgöz A. Effects of filler type on the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Zeng Z, Zhang H, Xue W, Zhu W, Xiao X, Sun Y, Li Z. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate-co-sebacate) copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Droval G, Feller JF, Salagnac P, Glouannec P. Thermal conductivity enhancement of electrically insulating syndiotactic poly(styrene) matrix for diphasic conductive polymer composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Bai H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhou W. Crystallization kinetics of toughed poly(butylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pillin I, Pimbert S, Levesque G. Influence of additives on the crystallization kinetics of semicrystalline polymers. II: Selective polymer-additive interaction in poly(vinylidene difluoride)?poly(methylmethacrylate) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lee HK, Ismail J, Kammer HW, Bakar MA. Melt reaction in blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50). J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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