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Chaurasia A, Kumar K, Harsha SP, Parashar A. Covalently bonded interface in polymer/boron nitride nanosheet composite toward enhanced mechanical and thermal behaviour. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31396-31409. [PMID: 37962035 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study aimed to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of BN (hexagonal boron nitride) nanosheet-reinforced high-density polyethylene by functionalizing its interface. The challenges associated with this nanocomposites are its poor dispersion and weak interface. Accordingly, to improve the load transfer at the interface, BN nanosheets were chemically modified with silane functional groups ((3-aminopropyl)tri-ethoxy silane), making it possible to form covalent bonds between the maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene and nanosheet. Consequently, three different types of nanocomposite samples were fabricated based on the covalently bonded or non-bonded interface. Two nanocomposite configurations featured a non-bonded interface between the nanofiller and PE matrix (p-BN/PE and (silane functionalized) s-BN/PE). In contrast, the third configuration had a covalently bonded interface (silane-functionalized h-BN + maleic anhydride-grafted PE, i.e., PE-g-BN). According to the zeta potential analysis, the silane-functionalized BN nanosheets were stable suspensions and uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The tensile and flexure strength of the nanocomposites showed over 100% improvement due to the covalently bonded interface. The lamellae structure of PE in the bonded interface samples was responsible for achieving higher mechanical strength in the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites was significantly affected by the type of interfacial bonding, BN wt%, and operating temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Chaurasia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy University, 382007, India.
| | - Kaushlendra Kumar
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - S P Harsha
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Avinash Parashar
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India.
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2
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Angulo AL, Rodriguez CLC, Fechine GJM. Photooxidative Behavior of Polystyrene Nanocomposites Filled with Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092099. [PMID: 37177245 PMCID: PMC10180763 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how an ultralow content of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) two-dimensional particle affects the photodegradation mechanism of polystyrene (PS). Here, an accelerated weathering study was presented on neat polystyrene and its nanocomposites produced with 0.001, 0.002, 0.003 and 0.005 wt% of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) exposed for various irradiation intervals (up to 8 weeks). The polymer photo-transformations were monitored using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The FTIR and UV/Vis results indicate that the PS degradation mechanism was not altered by the presence of MoS2 particles; however, the degradation reactions were slowed down at higher MoS2 contents (>0.003%). The SEC results proved the stabilizer effect due to MoS2 particles, where M¯n, M¯w, and M¯w/M¯n values after 8 weeks were less modified when compared with the neat PS results. The MoS2 acted as a UV stabilizer, and these two-dimensional particles acted by deactivating the free radicals generated by the PS matrix, even considering the low amount of the filler (<0.005 wt%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurianny Lima Angulo
- School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação, 930-Consolação, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
- MackGraphe-Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, Rua da Consolação, 930-Consolação, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Camila Laura Celis Rodriguez
- School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação, 930-Consolação, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
- MackGraphe-Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, Rua da Consolação, 930-Consolação, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Guilhermino José Macedo Fechine
- School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação, 930-Consolação, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
- MackGraphe-Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, Rua da Consolação, 930-Consolação, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
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3
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Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites: Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214733. [PMID: 36365726 PMCID: PMC9655120 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although polymers are very important and vastly used materials, their physical properties are limited. Therefore, they are reinforced with fillers to relieve diverse restrictions and expand their application areas. The exceptional properties of graphene make it an interesting material with huge potential for application in various industries and devices. The interfacial interaction between graphene and the polymer matrix improved the uniform graphene dispersion in the polymer matrix, enhancing the general nanocomposite performance. Therefore, graphene functionalization is essential to enhance the interfacial interaction, maintain excellent properties, and obstruct graphene agglomeration. Many studies have reported that graphene/polymer nanocomposites have exceptional properties that enable diverse applications. The use of graphene/polymer nanocomposites is expected to increase sustainably and to transform from a basic to an advanced material to offer optimum solutions to industry and consumers.
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Multidisciplinary Optimization for Weight Saving in a Variable Tapered Span-Morphing Wing Using Composite Materials—Application to the UAS-S4. ACTUATORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/act11050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a follow-up to earlier work on applying multidisciplinary numerical optimization to develop a morphing variable span of a tapered wing (MVSTW) to reduce its weight by using composite materials. This study creates a numerical environment of multidisciplinary optimization by integrating material selection, structural sizing, and topological optimization following aerodynamic optimization results with the aim to assess whether morphing wing optimization is feasible. This sophisticated technology is suggested for developing MVSTWs. As a first step, a problem-specific optimization approach is described for specifying the weight-saving structure of wing components using composite materials. The optimization was performed using several approaches; for example, aerodynamic optimization was performed with CFD and XFLR5 codes, the material selection was conducted using MATLAB code, and sizing and topology optimization was carried out using Altair’s OptiStruct and SolidThinking Inspire solvers. The goal of this research is to achieve the MVSTW’s structural rigidity standards by minimizing wing components’ weight while maximizing stiffness. According to the results of this optimization, the weight of the MVSTW was reduced significantly to 5.5 kg in comparison to the original UAS-S4 wing weight of 6.5kg. The optimization and Finite Element Method results also indicate that the developedmorphing variable span of a tapered wing can complete specified flight missions perfectly and without any mechanical breakdown.
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Liu CY, Mikoshiba S, Kobayashi Y, Ishigami A, Yorifuji D, Tanifuji SI, Ito H. Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of a Self-Wiping Corotating Parallel Octa-Screw Extruder. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061201. [PMID: 35335532 PMCID: PMC8953573 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An octa-screw extruder (OSE) is equipment for pelletizing, blending, and mixing polymers and composites. In this study, the degree of resin filling, residence time distribution (RTD) of molten resin, and temperature profile in the octa-screw extruder were evaluated both experimentally and numerically. An intermeshing corotating parallel octa-screw kneading extruder was used for the experiments. For the comparison study, the results obtained from this extruder were compared with the twin-screw extruder. High-density polyethylene was selected as the material for extrusion. Meanwhile, a numerical code, based on a 2.5 D finite element method derived from the Hele–Shaw flow model, was developed to simulate the octa-screw extrusion process. The empirical outcomes suggest that octa-screw extrusion exhibited a narrower RTD of the molten resin compared with the twin-screw extrusion, suggesting better extrudate quality. The octa-screw extrusion also showed a lower temperature profile than twin-screw extrusion. The results of the simulation were also found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. Experimental and numerical investigations of an OSE enable detailed comprehension and visualization of resin distribution in the entire length of the OSE, thus providing advantages in terms of process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ying Liu
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; (C.-Y.L.); (S.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Shota Mikoshiba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; (C.-Y.L.); (S.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- Research Center for Green Materials and Advanced Processing, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
| | - Akira Ishigami
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; (C.-Y.L.); (S.M.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Green Materials and Advanced Processing, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Yorifuji
- HASL, Shakuji machi, Nerimaku, Tokyo 177-0041, Japan; (D.Y.); (S.-i.T.)
| | | | - Hiroshi Ito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; (C.-Y.L.); (S.M.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Green Materials and Advanced Processing, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-238-26-3081
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Jena DP, Anwar S, Parida RK, Parida BN, Nayak NC. Thermal and dielectric properties of two‐dimensional layered
MXene
(
Ti
3
C
2
T
x
) filled linear low‐density polyethylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipika priyadarsini Jena
- Micro and Nano Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engg & Technology (ITER) Siksha “O” Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Shahid Anwar
- Materials Chemistry Department CSIR‐Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar India
| | - R. K. Parida
- Department of Physics; Faculty of Engg & Technology (ITER) Siksha “O” Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar India
| | - B. N. Parida
- Department of Physics, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar (Deemed to be University, MHRD, Govt. Of India) BTAD India
| | - Nimai C. Nayak
- Micro and Nano Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engg & Technology (ITER) Siksha “O” Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar India
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de Tomasi Tessari B, Vargas N, Rodrigues Dias R, Miranda Pereira I, Rossa Beltrami LV, Lavoratti A, Poletto M, Zattera AJ. Influence of the addition of graphene nanoplatelets on the ballistic properties of HDPE/aramid multi-laminar composites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1988966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Tomasi Tessari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Processos e Tecnologias (PGEPROTEC), Universidade de Caxias do sul (UCS), Caxias do sul, Brazil
| | - Natan Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Processos e Tecnologias (PGEPROTEC), Universidade de Caxias do sul (UCS), Caxias do sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Dias
- Laboratory of Materials, Centro Tecnológico do Exército (CETEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iaci Miranda Pereira
- Laboratory of Materials, Centro Tecnológico do Exército (CETEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilian Vanessa Rossa Beltrami
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Processos e Tecnologias (PGEPROTEC), Universidade de Caxias do sul (UCS), Caxias do sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lavoratti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Processos e Tecnologias (PGEPROTEC), Universidade de Caxias do sul (UCS), Caxias do sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Poletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Processos e Tecnologias (PGEPROTEC), Universidade de Caxias do sul (UCS), Caxias do sul, Brazil
| | - Ademir José Zattera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Processos e Tecnologias (PGEPROTEC), Universidade de Caxias do sul (UCS), Caxias do sul, Brazil
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Caraballo A, Pérez‐Camacho O, Martínez‐Colunga JG, Fernández‐Tavizón S, Sierra‐Gómez UA, Aguayo‐Villarreal IA, Comparán‐Padilla VE. Obtaining and evaluation of polyethylene nanocomposites with graphene nanoplatelets through in‐situ ethylene polymerization. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caraballo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Colima Colima Mexico
| | - Odilia Pérez‐Camacho
- Departamento de Síntesis de Polímeros Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Saltillo Mexico
| | - Juan G. Martínez‐Colunga
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación de Plástico Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Saltillo Mexico
| | - Salvador Fernández‐Tavizón
- Laboratorio Nacional de Materiales Grafénicos Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Saltillo Mexico
| | - Uriel A. Sierra‐Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Materiales Grafénicos Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Saltillo Mexico
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Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030762. [PMID: 35160709 PMCID: PMC8836401 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of fabricating electrically conductive composites via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique whose properties were compared with injection-moulded properties, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were mixed with different contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The wettability, morphological, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the 3D-printed samples were investigated. The microstructural images showed the selective localization of the GNPs in the PCL nodules that are dispersed in the PLA phase. The electrical resistivity results using the four-probes method revealed that the injection-moulded samples are insulators, whereas the 3D-printed samples featuring the same graphene content are semiconductors. Varying the printing raster angles also exerted an influence on the electrical conductivity results. The electrical percolation threshold was found to be lower than 15 wt.%, whereas the rheological percolation threshold was found to be lower than 10 wt.%. Furthermore, the 20 wt.% and 25 wt.% GNP composites were able to connect an electrical circuit. An increase in the Young’s modulus was shown with the percentage of graphene. As a result, this work exhibited the potential of the FFF technique to fabricate biodegradable electrically conductive PLA-PCL-GNP composites that can be applicable in the electronic domain.
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10
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Azizli MJ, Dehaghi FM, Nasrollahi B, Barghamadi M, Rezaeeparto K, Parham S, Mokhtary M, Ramakrishna S, Ghomi ER. Analysis and modeling of modified styrene–acrylonitrile/carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites filled with graphene and graphene oxide: Interfacial interaction and nonlinear elastoplastic behavior. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Azizli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University Rasht Iran
- Zolal Gostar Rooz Technical Inspection and Consulting Engineers Co. Tehran Iran
| | | | - Bahareh Nasrollahi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | | | | | | | - Masoud Mokhtary
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University Rasht Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Erfan Rezvani Ghomi
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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Kiliç E, Oliver-Ortega H, Tarrés Q, Delgado-Aguilar M, Fullana-i-Palmer P, Puig R. Valorization Strategy for Leather Waste as Filler for High-Density Polyethylene Composites: Analysis of the Thermal Stability, Insulation Properties and Chromium Leaching. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193313. [PMID: 34641129 PMCID: PMC8512770 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leather waste (BF) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were compounded in a lab scale internal mixer and processed by means of injection molding. In this study, leather waste and HDPE composites were characterized by instrumental techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Physical integrity of composites against chemical exposure and chromium-leaching properties of the composites were also investigated. This study shows that the incorporation of 30% leather waste fiber into HDPE composites decreases the thermal conductivity of the composite samples by 17% in comparison to that of neat HDPE samples. Composites showed no thermal degradation during processing cycle. Strong interfacial bonding between leather waste and polymer results in comparable low-leachate levels to maximum allowed concentration for nonhazardous waste, and good chemical resistance properties. The BF/HDPE composites could be a promising low-cost alternative in industrial application areas of HDPE, where high-mechanical strength and low-thermal conductivity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylem Kiliç
- Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Usak University, 64200 Usak, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-276-2212121
| | - Helena Oliver-Ortega
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (H.O.-O.); (Q.T.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (H.O.-O.); (Q.T.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (H.O.-O.); (Q.T.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Pere Fullana-i-Palmer
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rita Puig
- ABBU Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Industrial Engineering, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), 08700 Igualada, Spain;
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Albozahid M, Naji HZ, Alobad ZK, Saiani A. TPU nanocomposites tailored by graphene nanoplatelets: the investigation of dispersion approaches and annealing treatment on thermal and mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Hamester MRR, Pietezak DF, Dalmolin C, Becker D. Influence of crystallinity and chain interactions on the electrical properties of polyamides/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Regina Rosa Hamester
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas Universidade do Estado de Santa Catariana, UDESC Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Daniel Felipe Pietezak
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas Universidade do Estado de Santa Catariana, UDESC Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmolin
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas Universidade do Estado de Santa Catariana, UDESC Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Daniela Becker
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas Universidade do Estado de Santa Catariana, UDESC Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
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Olesik P, Godzierz M, Kozioł M, Jała J, Szeluga U, Myalski J. Structure and Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Glassy Carbon. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4024. [PMID: 34300942 PMCID: PMC8306466 DOI: 10.3390/ma14144024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated theimpact of glassy carbon (GC) reinforcement oncrystal structure and the mechanical performance of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). We made composite samples by mixing HDPE granules with powder in ethanol followed bymelt mixing in a laboratory extruder. Along with the investigated composite, we also prepared samples with carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene (GNP) and graphite (Gr) to compare GC impact with already used carbon fillers. To evaluate crystal structure and crystallinity, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We supported the XRD results with a residual stress analysis (RSA) according to the EN15305 standard. Analysis showed that reinforcing with GC leads to significant crystallite size reduction and low residual stress values. We evaluated the mechanical properties of composites with hardness and tensile testing. The addition of glassy carbon results inincreased mechanical strength incomposites with CNT and GNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Olesik
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34 Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Kozioł
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Jakub Jała
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Urszula Szeluga
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34 Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Myalski
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
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15
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SiIva MP, Cavalcanti SN, Alves AM, Freitas DMG, Agrawal P, Vilar EO, Mélo TJA. Evaluation of the rheological and electrical percolation of high‐density polyethylene/carbon black composites using mathematical models. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moacy P. SiIva
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil
| | - Shirley N. Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil
| | - Amanda M. Alves
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil
| | - Daniel M. G. Freitas
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil
| | - Pankaj Agrawal
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil
| | - Eudesio O. Vilar
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil
| | - Tomás. J. A. Mélo
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil
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Atomic insights into synergistic effect of pillared graphene by carbon nanotube on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A Review on Graphene’s Light Stabilizing Effects for Reduced Photodegradation of Polymers. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, the newest member of the carbon’s family, has proven its efficiency in improving polymers’ resistance against photodegradation, even at low loadings equal to 1 wt% or lower. This protective role involves a multitude of complementary mechanisms associated with graphene’s unique geometry and chemistry. In this review, these mechanisms, taking place during both the initiation and propagation steps of photodegradation, are discussed concerning graphene and graphene derivatives, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In particular, graphene displays important UV absorption, free radical scavenging, and quenching capabilities thanks to the abundant π-bonds and sp2 carbon sites in its hexagonal lattice structure. The free radical scavenging effect is also partially linked with functional hydroxyl groups on the surface. However, the sp2 sites remain the predominant player, which makes graphene’s antioxidant effect potentially stronger than rGO and GO. Besides, UV screening and oxygen barriers are active protective mechanisms attributed to graphene’s high surface area and 2D geometry. Moreover, the way that graphene, as a nucleating agent, can improve the photostability of polymers, have been explored as well. These include the potential effect of graphene on increasing polymer’s glass transition temperature and crystallinity.
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18
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Serenari F, Madinehei M, Moghimian N, Fabiani D, David E. Development of Reinforced Polyester/Graphene Nanocomposite Showing Tailored Electrical Conductivity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2358. [PMID: 33066586 PMCID: PMC7602174 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Production process was chosen in order to be readily scalable at the industrial level. The resin/graphene mixture was prepared through high shear mixing at six different weight concentrations between 0% and 10%. Samples were subsequently produced by compression molding. The electrical properties were measured both in-the-plane and across-the-plane using, respectively, a four-point probe and a two-electrode system. The two-electrode system was a dielectric spectrometer, and accordingly, the across-the-plane measurements were conducted in the frequency-domain. Mechanical measurements were conducted using conventional three-point bending and impact setups. The percolation threshold was found to be in the range of 3-5 wt.% concentration, for which the conductivity showed a 7 orders of magnitude increase. These results were quite similar to the samples containing around 50 wt.% of glass fibers. Surprisingly, the in-the-plane conductivity was found to be lower than the bulk conductivity, contrary to what was found with the same filler for thermoplastic composites prepared by melt compounding. No significant increase in mechanical properties as a function of filler loading was observed, except maybe a slight increase in the material toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Serenari
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering (DEI) ‘G. Marconi’, Università Di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Milad Madinehei
- Mechanical Engineering Department, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame St W, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
| | - Nima Moghimian
- NanoXplore Inc., 4500 Boulevard Thimens, Saint-Laurent, QC H4R 2P2, Canada;
| | - Davide Fabiani
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering (DEI) ‘G. Marconi’, Università Di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Eric David
- Mechanical Engineering Department, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame St W, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
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19
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Zhao C, Lu Y, Zhao X, Khanal S, Xu S. Synthesis of MgCO3 particles with different morphologies and their effects on the mechanical properties of rigid polyvinyl chloride composites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1811314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhua Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiai Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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20
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Tarani E, Chrysafi I, Kállay-Menyhárd A, Pavlidou E, Kehagias T, Bikiaris DN, Vourlias G, Chrissafis K. Influence of Graphene Platelet Aspect Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of HDPE Nanocomposites: Microscopic Observation and Micromechanical Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1719. [PMID: 32751861 PMCID: PMC7463753 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites filled with different diameter sizes (5, 15, and 25 μm) of graphene nanoplatelets at various amounts (0.5-5 wt.%) are prepared by the melt-mixing method. The effect of diameter size and filler content on the mechanical properties is reported, and the results are discussed in terms of morphology and the state of dispersion within the polymer matrix. The measured stiffness and strength of the nanocomposites were found to be mainly influenced by the filler aspect ratio and the filler-matrix adhesion. Fractography was utilized to study the embrittleness of the nanocomposites, and the observations revealed that a ductile to brittle transition is caused by a micro-deformation mechanism change in the nanocomposites. Several micromechanical models for the prediction of mechanical properties of nanocomposites, taking into consideration filler aspect ratio, percolation effect, and interphase regions, are considered. The three-phase model proposed by Ji accurately predicts the stiffness of graphene nanoplatelets with a higher diameter size, while Takayanagi modified model II was found to show good agreement with the experimental results of smaller ones at low filler content. This study demonstrates that the diameter size of the filler plays a central role in determining the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tarani
- Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (T.K.); (G.V.)
| | - Iouliana Chrysafi
- Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (T.K.); (G.V.)
| | - Alfréd Kállay-Menyhárd
- Institute of Materials Science and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (T.K.); (G.V.)
| | - Thomas Kehagias
- Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (T.K.); (G.V.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Vourlias
- Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (T.K.); (G.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (I.C.); (E.P.); (T.K.); (G.V.)
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21
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Yeh S, Su C, Huang J, Ke M, Bogale D, Anbarasan R, Tung K, Wang S. Fabrication of polystyrene/carbon nanocomposites with superior mechanical properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Kai Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi‐Chun Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNational Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jian‐Ming Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNational Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Qing Ke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNational Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Dawit Bogale
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ramasamy Anbarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Filtration LaboratoryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo‐Lun Tung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Filtration LaboratoryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sea‐Fue Wang
- Department of Materials Sciences and Mineral Resources EngineeringNational Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Boldt R, Leuteritz A, Schob D, Ziegenhorn M, Wagenknecht U. Barrier Properties of GnP-PA-Extruded Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030669. [PMID: 32192140 PMCID: PMC7183322 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally known that significant improvements in the properties of nanocomposites can be achieved with graphene types currently commercially available. However, so far this is only possible on a laboratory scale. Thus, the aim of this study was to transfer results from laboratory scale experiments to industrial processes. Therefore, nanocomposites based on polyamide (PA) and graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) were prepared in order to produce membranes with improved gas barrier properties, which are characterized by reduced permeation rates of helium. First, nanocomposites were prepared with different amounts of commercial availably graphene nanoplatelets using a semi-industrial-scale compounder. Subsequently, films were produced by compression molding at different temperatures, as well as by flat film extrusion. The extruded films were annealed at different temperatures and durations. In order to investigate the effect of thermal treatment on barrier properties in correlation to thermal, structural, and morphological properties, the films were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), melt rheology measurements, and permeation measurements. In addition to structural characterization, mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrate that the permeation rate is strongly influenced by the processing conditions and the filler content. If the filler content is increased, the permeation rate is reduced. The annealing process can further enhance this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Boldt
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (U.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Leuteritz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (U.W.)
| | - Daniela Schob
- Faculty Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Energy Systems, Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Management, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitaetsplatz 1, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (D.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Matthias Ziegenhorn
- Faculty Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Energy Systems, Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Management, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitaetsplatz 1, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (D.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Udo Wagenknecht
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (U.W.)
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23
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Seibers Z, Orr M, Collier GS, Henriquez A, Gabel M, Shofner ML, La Saponara V, Reynolds J. Chemically Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide as Additives in Polyethylene Composites for Space Applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zach Seibers
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Tech Polymer Network (GTPN) Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Matthew Orr
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Renewable Bioproducts Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Graham S. Collier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Tech Polymer Network (GTPN) Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Adriana Henriquez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Davis California 95616
| | - Matthew Gabel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Davis California 95616
| | - Meisha L. Shofner
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Renewable Bioproducts Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Valeria La Saponara
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Davis California 95616
| | - John Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Tech Polymer Network (GTPN) Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
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24
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Asif M, Ramezani M, Khan KA, Khan MA, Aw KC. Investigation of the strain‐rate‐dependent mechanical behavior of a photopolymer matrix composite with fumed nano‐silica filler. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringAuckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Engineering SciencesNational University of Science and Technology Karachi Pakistan
| | - Maziar Ramezani
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringAuckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- School of Aerospace, Transport and ManufacturingCranfield University Cranfield UK
| | - Kean Chin Aw
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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