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Herath A, Salehi M, Jansone-Popova S. Production of polyacrylonitrile/ionic covalent organic framework hybrid nanofibers for effective removal of chromium(VI) from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128167. [PMID: 34979388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent Cr(VI) found in industrial wastewater is a proven carcinogen which causes serious health issues in humans around the world. This study presents a novel method to enhance the Cr(VI) oxyanion removal from wastewater by polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers through incorporation of a guanidinium-based ionic covalent organic framework (BT-DG) in the nanofibers structure. Simple electrospinning technique was employed to produce PAN nanofibers and BT-DG was synthesized through condensation between benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde and N,N'-diaminoguanidine monohydrochloride. In-situ polymerization of BT-DG onto PAN nanofibers resulted in generation of hybrid PAN-BT-DG nanofibers. This modified PAN-BT-DG was characterized by obtaining its point of zero charge (PZC), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology and surface elements and oxidation states by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PAN-BT-DG exhibited positive surface charge below pH 4, making it an outstanding adsorbent, for Cr(VI) removal. Cr(VI) adsorption onto PAN-BT-DG followed pseudo second order kinetics and adsorption data fitted well to Freundlich isotherm model. Highest Cr(VI) removal was obtained at 55 ℃ with a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 173 mg/g at pH 3. Kinetic studies revealed that Cr(VI) adsorption onto PAN-BT-DG is endothermic and thermodynamically feasible. Desorption studies were conducted on PAN-BT-DG using 1 M NaOH as the stripping solvent and PAN-BT-DG exhibited excellent regeneration after five consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amali Herath
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38018, USA
| | - Maryam Salehi
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38018, USA.
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Xie H, He X, Pu Y, Lv J, Chen M, Zeng K, Yang G. Synthesis of oligomeric phthalonitrile resins containing imide units and study of the methylene-cyano thermal synergistic polymerization effect. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The meta- and para-catenated methylene-containing phthalonitrile oligomers were prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis-(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA) with 4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) in a N, N-dimethylformamide/ toluene solvent mixture, followed by end-capping agent with 4-nitrophthalonitrile or 4-phenoxyaniline in a two-step, one-pot reaction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that both PN oligomers exhibited low softening points. The self-catalyzed curing reactivity of the PN oligomers was confirmed by the isothermal rheological measurements. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis) data of the pre-curing resins were employed to investigate the chemical structure of the pre-cured resins, suggesting that oligomers generated crosslinking sites, including triazine, isoindoline, and phthalocyanine. The results further confirmed the self-catalyzed curing reactivity of the oligomers. Thermal properties were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrating good thermal properties of the cured resins. The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of PIPN-1-325, PIPN-1-350, PIPN-1-375 were in the range of 285–345°C, the 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) was observed at 482°C. The PIPN-2-325, PIPN-2-350, PIPN-2-375 showed Tgs ranging from 293 to 370°C, and T5% of the resins were in the range of 481–501°C. Then the isothermal rheological results of model compound and PN oligomers implied that the curing process of PN oligomers was closely related to the methylene-cyano radical thermal synergistic polymerization (TSP) effect proposed in our previous research, and then a revised curing mechanism (radical TSP mechanism) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Weng Z, Song L, Qi Y, Li J, Cao Q, Liu C, Zhang S, Wang J, Jian X. Natural magnolol derivatives as platform chemicals for bio-based phthalonitrile thermoset: Achieving high performances without an external curing agent. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Promoting effect of methyne/methylene moiety of bisphenol E/F on phthalonitrile resin curing: Expanding the structural design route of phthalonitrile resin. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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He Z, Liu H, Zhang S, Yang J, Jiang C, Ji M, Yu J, Wang M, Zhu C, Xu J. Investigation of the Cyclization Mechanism of Poly(acrylonitrile- co-ethylenesulfonic acid) Copolymer during Thermal Oxidative Stabilization by In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng He
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Huichao Liu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jinglong Yang
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chi Jiang
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muwei Ji
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Thermal Analysis and Crystal Structure of Poly(Acrylonitrile-Co-Itaconic Acid) Copolymers Synthesized in Water. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010221. [PMID: 31963164 PMCID: PMC7023551 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and structure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors play an important role during thermal stabilization, which influences the properties of the resulting carbon fibers. In this paper, PAN homopolymer and PAN-itaconic (IA) copolymers with different IA contents were synthesized by aqueous phase precipitation polymerization. The effects of IA content on the structure and thermal properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of PAN polymers showed that the average size of the PAN particles increased with the increase of IA content in the feed. The content of the IA comonomer on the copolymers was quantitatively characterized by the relative absorbance intensity (A1735/A2243) in FTIR spectrum. With the increase of IA content in the feed, PAN-IA copolymers exhibited lower degree of crystallinity and crystal size than the control PAN homopolymer. The results from DSC curves indicated that PAN-IA1.0 copolymers had lower initial exothermic temperature (192.4 °C) and velocity of evolving heat (6.33 J g−1 °C−1) in comparison with PAN homopolymer (Ti = 238.1 °C and ΔH/ΔT = 34.6 J g−1 °C−1) in an air atmosphere. TGA results suggested that PAN-IA1.0 copolymers had higher thermal stability than PAN homopolymer, which can form a ladder structure easier during thermal processing. Therefore, PAN-IA1.0 copolymers would be a suitable candidate for preparing high performance PAN based carbon fibers.
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Liu Y, Liu ZZ, Peng WF, Lu Z, Hu JH, Zeng K, Yang G. Inspiration from a new lignin-derived phthalonitrile resin: Unique curing behavior, and thermal properties. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Benko A, Nocuń M, Gajewska M, Błażewicz M. Addition of carbon nanotubes to electrospun polyacrylonitrile as a way to obtain carbon nanofibers with desired properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yuanjian Tong, Gao A, Xu L. Preparation and Thermal Performance of Carboxyl Modified Graphene Oxide/Polyacrynitrile Composite Films. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009041902012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Ruhland K, Frenzel R, Horny R, Nizamutdinova A, van Wüllen L, Moosburger-Will J, Horn S. Investigation of the chemical changes during thermal treatment of polyacrylonitrile and 15N-labelled polyacrylonitrile by means of in-situ FTIR and 15N NMR spectroscopy. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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DFT study on the ionic cyclization mechanism of copolymers of acrylonitrile-itaconic acid: Direct or autocatalytic? Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ruhland K, Haase N, Fischer A. Detailed examination of nitrile stretching vibrations relevant for understanding the behavior of thermally treated polyacrylonitrile. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ruhland
- Materials Resource Management Institute; University of Augsburg; Universitätsstrasse 1 D-86159 Augsburg Germany
| | - Nino Haase
- Materials Resource Management Institute; University of Augsburg; Universitätsstrasse 1 D-86159 Augsburg Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Chemische Physik und Materialwissenschaften; University of Augsburg; Universitätsstrasse 1 D-86159 Augsburg Germany
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Taheran M, Naghdi M, Brar SK, Knystautas E, Verma M, Surampalli RY, Valero JR. Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1556-1563. [PMID: 28144506 PMCID: PMC5238674 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adsorptive membranes have many applications in removal of contaminants, such as heavy metals and organic contaminants from water. Recently, increasing concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds, especially antibiotics, such as chlortetracycline in water and wastewater sources has raised concerns about their potentially adverse impacts on environment and human health. In this study, a series of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/activated biochar nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) with different loadings of biochar (0-2%, w/w) were fabricated using electrospinning. The morphology and structure of fabricated membranes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that at 1.5% of biochar loading, the surface area reached the maximum value of 12.4 m2/g and beyond this loading value, agglomeration of particles inhibited fine interaction with nanofibrous matrix. Also, the adsorption tests using chlortetracycline showed that, under environmentally relevant concentrations, the fabricated adsorptive NFMs had a potential for removal of these types of emerging contaminants from water and wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Taheran
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Mitra Naghdi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder K Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Emile Knystautas
- Département de Physique, de génie physique et d'optique, Université Laval, Québec,G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mausam Verma
- CO2 Solutions Inc., 2300, rue Jean-Perrin, Québec, Québec G2C 1T9, Canada
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
| | - Jose R Valero
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
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Yuan P, Ji S, Hu J, Hu X, Zeng K, Yang G. Systematic study on highly efficient Thermal Synergistic Polymerization effect between alicyclic imide moiety and phthalonitrile: Scope, Properties and Mechanism. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Song K, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Ren S, Lei T, Negulescu II, Zhang Q. Porous Carbon Nanofibers from Electrospun Biomass Tar/Polyacrylonitrile/Silver Hybrids as Antimicrobial Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15108-15116. [PMID: 26110209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel route to fabricate low-cost porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) using biomass tar, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and silver nanoparticles has been demonstrated through electrospinning and subsequent stabilization and carbonization processes. The continuous electrospun nanofibers had average diameters ranging from 392 to 903 nm. The addition of biomass tar resulted in increased fiber diameters, reduced thermal stabilities, and slowed cyclization reactions of PAN in the as-spun nanofibers. After stabilization and carbonization, the resultant CNFs showed more uniformly sized and reduced average diameters (226-507 nm) compared to as-spun nanofibers. The CNFs exhibited high specific surface area (>400 m(2)/g) and microporosity, attributed to the combined effects of phase separations of the tar and PAN and thermal decompositions of tar components. These pore characteristics increased the exposures and contacts of silver nanoparticles to the bacteria including Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, leading to excellent antimicrobial performances of as-spun nanofibers and CNFs. A new strategy is thus provided for utilizing biomass tar as a low-cost precursor to prepare functional CNFs and reduce environmental pollutions associated with direct disposal of tar as an industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Song
- †School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Qinglin Wu
- †School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- §Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- †School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Suxia Ren
- §Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- §Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Ioan I Negulescu
- ‡Department of Textiles, Apparel Design and Merchandising, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- ⊥Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy of Henan Province, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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Chen Y, Lin B, Yang H, Zhang X, Sun Y. Influence of curing temperature on properties of the polyacrylonitrile/polyimide composite films. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Baoping Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
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Matsumoto H, Imaizumi S, Konosu Y, Ashizawa M, Minagawa M, Tanioka A, Lu W, Tour JM. Electrospun composite nanofiber yarns containing oriented graphene nanoribbons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:6225-31. [PMID: 23763449 DOI: 10.1021/am401161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The graphene nanoribbon (GNR)/carbon composite nanofiber yarns were prepared by electrospinning from poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) containing graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs), and successive twisting and carbonization. The electrospinning process can exert directional shear force coupling with the external electric field to the flow of the spinning solution. During electrospinning, the well-dispersed GONRs were highly oriented along the fiber axis in an electrified thin liquid jet. The addition of GONRs at a low weight fraction significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composite nanofiber yarns. In addition, the carbonization of the matrix polymer enhanced not only the mechanical but also the electrical properties of the composites. The electrical conductivity of the carbonized composite yarns containing 0.5 wt % GONR showed the maximum value of 165 S cm(-1). It is larger than the maximum value of the reported electrospun carbon composite yarns. Interestingly, it is higher than the conductivities of both the PAN-based pristine CNF yarns (77 S cm(-1)) and the monolayer GNRs (54 S cm(-1)). These results and Raman spectroscopy supported the hypothesis that the oriented GONRs contained in the PAN nanofibers effectively functioned as not only the 1-D nanofiller but also the nanoplatelet promoter of stabilization and template agent for the carbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Effect of functional groups of carbon nanotubes on the cyclization mechanism of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ji L, Lin Z, Alcoutlabi M, Toprakci O, Yao Y, Xu G, Li S, Zhang X. Electrospun carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert nickel nanoparticles for use as high-performance energy storage materials. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00676b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lee S, Kim J, Ku BC, Kim J, Joh HI. Structural Evolution of Polyacrylonitrile Fibers in Stabilization and Carbonization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aces.2012.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ji L, Lin Z, Li Y, Li S, Liang Y, Toprakci O, Shi Q, Zhang X. Formation and characterization of core-sheath nanofibers through electrospinning and surface-initiated polymerization. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhou Z, Liu K, Lai C, Zhang L, Li J, Hou H, Reneker DH, Fong H. Graphitic carbon nanofibers developed from bundles of aligned electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing phosphoric acid. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ji L, Medford AJ, Zhang X. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile/zinc chloride composite nanofibers and their response to hydrogen sulfide. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ji L, Jung KH, Medford AJ, Zhang X. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers with dispersed Si nanoparticles and their electrochemical behaviors after carbonization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b903165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ji L, Saquing C, Khan SA, Zhang X. Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticulate-polyacrylonitrile composite and porous nanofibers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:085605. [PMID: 21730729 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/8/085605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers containing different amounts of silica nanoparticulates have been obtained via electrospinning. The surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structure of PAN/silica nanofibers are characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the addition of silica nanoparticulates affects the structure and properties of the nanofibers. In addition to PAN/silica composite nanofibers, porous PAN nanofibers have been prepared by selective removal of the silica component from PAN/silica composite nanofibers using hydrofluoric (HF) acid. ATR-FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments validate the removal of silica nanoparticulates by HF acid, whereas SEM and TEM results reveal that the porous nanofibers obtained from composite fibers with higher silica contents exhibited more nonuniform surface morphology. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of porous PAN nanofibers made from PAN/silica (5 wt%) composite precursors is higher than that of pure nonporous PAN nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ji
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA
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