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Tang S, Wang Z, Zhang L, Jimenez D. Understanding the Complexities of Student Learning Progress in Texas: A Study of COVID-19 and Rural vs. Non-Rural Districts. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:408. [PMID: 38785899 PMCID: PMC11117944 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on academic achievement in Texas public schools. Demographic and Grade 5 STAAR test data were collected from 1155 public school districts for 2018-2019 and 2020-2021. Multiple regression was adopted to analyze the differences between rural and non-rural districts, as well as the impact of demographic characteristics on students' achievement. The results reveal significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two academic years, with non-rural districts exhibiting a greater decline in academic achievement than rural districts. Additionally, the findings suggest that higher teacher salaries correlate with better academic performance across various subjects and that English learners require additional support to acquire content knowledge and skills. We further confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the academic learning experience of Texas students, with rural districts displaying more resilience than non-rural districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Tang
- Department of Psychology and Special Education, College of Education and Human Services, Texas A&M University—Commerce, Commerce, TX 75428, USA;
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Special Education, College of Education and Human Services, Texas A&M University—Commerce, Commerce, TX 75428, USA;
| | - David Jimenez
- School of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78406, USA;
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White B, Hetzel A, Willgerodt M, Durkee-Neuman E, Nguyen L. The impact of COVID-19 on school nursing: A qualitative survey of stressors faced by school nurses. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:543-554. [PMID: 38497562 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As students returned to school, school nurses were responsible for infection control, communication, and the preparation of supplies and facilities. School nurses in the Pacific Northwest US demonstrated a higher prevalence of mental health symptoms in the years since the pandemic began, suggesting that their experience may have been unique. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the stressors of school nurses in the Pacific Northwest at two time points. DESIGN This study is a qualitative, descriptive analysis of anonymous survey responses collected in June of 2021 (n = 333) and between October and December 2021 (n = 284). SAMPLE Self-identifying school nurses working in K-12 schools in Washington State were invited to participate. MEASUREMENTS Participants completed open-ended survey questions designed to elicit their experiences during the pandemic. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the data: (1) isolation from administration and the school community, (2) COVID-19-related workload, (3) disorganized and inconsistent communication, and (4) concern for students, themselves, and others. CONCLUSIONS School nurses played a vital public health role during the pandemic. However, their effectiveness may not have been fully utilized and sometimes undermined. Lastly, our findings highlight the difficulties encountered in implementing the changing scientific and public health guidance during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Hetzel
- WA Office of the Superintendent for Public Instruction, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lan Nguyen
- Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Hoffman R, Kay SS, Piepenbrink RP, Goldman JL, Schuster JE, Grimes LR, Mast DK. Engaging School Communities During COVID-19: The Role of School Nurses. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S402-S404. [PMID: 38547464 PMCID: PMC11111382 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
We explored the role of school nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic by conducting interviews and focus groups with them in 2022 and 2023 in an urban public school district. Findings indicated that school nurses played an essential public health role in engaging the school community, overseeing COVID-19 testing, and enforcing risk mitigation strategies during the pandemic. Our results contribute to understanding school nurses' experiences during the pandemic and highlight the need for training and support for their vital role. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S5):S402-S404. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307591).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Hoffman
- Rosanne Hoffman, Shelley Kay, Rumour Piepenbrink, and Dana Keener Mast are with ICF International, Reston, VA. Jennifer Goldman and Jennifer Schuster are with the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City. Lauren Grimes is with Kansas City Public Schools, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shelley S Kay
- Rosanne Hoffman, Shelley Kay, Rumour Piepenbrink, and Dana Keener Mast are with ICF International, Reston, VA. Jennifer Goldman and Jennifer Schuster are with the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City. Lauren Grimes is with Kansas City Public Schools, Kansas City, MO
| | - Rumour P Piepenbrink
- Rosanne Hoffman, Shelley Kay, Rumour Piepenbrink, and Dana Keener Mast are with ICF International, Reston, VA. Jennifer Goldman and Jennifer Schuster are with the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City. Lauren Grimes is with Kansas City Public Schools, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jennifer L Goldman
- Rosanne Hoffman, Shelley Kay, Rumour Piepenbrink, and Dana Keener Mast are with ICF International, Reston, VA. Jennifer Goldman and Jennifer Schuster are with the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City. Lauren Grimes is with Kansas City Public Schools, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Rosanne Hoffman, Shelley Kay, Rumour Piepenbrink, and Dana Keener Mast are with ICF International, Reston, VA. Jennifer Goldman and Jennifer Schuster are with the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City. Lauren Grimes is with Kansas City Public Schools, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lauren R Grimes
- Rosanne Hoffman, Shelley Kay, Rumour Piepenbrink, and Dana Keener Mast are with ICF International, Reston, VA. Jennifer Goldman and Jennifer Schuster are with the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City. Lauren Grimes is with Kansas City Public Schools, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dana Keener Mast
- Rosanne Hoffman, Shelley Kay, Rumour Piepenbrink, and Dana Keener Mast are with ICF International, Reston, VA. Jennifer Goldman and Jennifer Schuster are with the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City. Lauren Grimes is with Kansas City Public Schools, Kansas City, MO
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Ayuso Margañon R, Llistosella M, Ayuso Margañon S, Rojano Navarro M, Bou Gràcia N, Sillero Sillero A. Nursing Practice and Telehealth in School Health Services: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3124. [PMID: 38132014 PMCID: PMC10742839 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has propelled the adoption of telehealth in school settings, emphasising the pivotal role of nurses. This review explores the last decade's evidence on telehealth interventions in school nursing practice; Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we conducted a systematic search in PubMed, CINHAL, and Web of Science in March 2023. Out of 518 articles across 21 journals, 32 satisfied the review criteria. The selection process rigorously adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews; Results: The results were categorised into three main areas: (a) the purpose of telehealth and intervention strategies, (b) the role of nursing in school-based telehealth practice, and (c) perceived benefits and limitations of school-based telehealth studies. Telehealth interventions encompass health promotion, mental health management, and early diagnosis. School nurses play a multifaceted role, including management, education, and remote monitoring. While telehealth offers advantages like improved health and cost savings, challenges include digital literacy, device access, and costs; Conclusion: This review underscores the crucial role of telehealth in schools for enhancing healthcare delivery in educational settings. However, more empirical evidence is required to specify nurses' contributions to school-based telehealth interventions. Promoting their leadership through stakeholder collaboration is essential. Further research should address challenges and opportunities in school nursing practice, enriching healthcare in educational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ayuso Margañon
- Mar Nursing School (ESIMar), Parc de Salut Mar, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (R.A.M.); (M.R.N.); (A.S.S.)
- Social Determinants and Health Education Research Group (SDHEd), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Llistosella
- Primary Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, Facultat d’Infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Sonia Ayuso Margañon
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, Facultat d’Infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Primary Health Care Florida Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, 08905 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Rojano Navarro
- Mar Nursing School (ESIMar), Parc de Salut Mar, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (R.A.M.); (M.R.N.); (A.S.S.)
- Department of School Nursing, Jesuits Education Foundation, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bou Gràcia
- Department of School Nursing, Sant Gervasi Jesuit Education Foundation, 08006 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Amalia Sillero Sillero
- Mar Nursing School (ESIMar), Parc de Salut Mar, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (R.A.M.); (M.R.N.); (A.S.S.)
- Social Determinants and Health Education Research Group (SDHEd), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Escoles Universitàries Gimbernat, 08174 Barcelona, Spain
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Baker C, Jones J, Weiss CR, Harpin SB. A qualitative study of school nurses' moral distress related to COVID-19. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:629-640. [PMID: 37475212 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand school nurses' perceptions and experiences of moral distress related to COVID-19 case management in the school systems. DESIGN A descriptive qualitative study guided by Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. SAMPLE Twelve school nurses practicing in Colorado from December 2021 to January 2022. MEASUREMENTS Semi-structured interviews about school nurses' experiences of COVID-19. Investigators utilized an iterative reflexive thematic analysis process engaging the participants' and researchers' subjective experiences. RESULTS Four themes were created: (1) keeping kids and the community safe, (2) caught in the middle of the "tug of war" between health and politics, (3) distress amid an ocean of COVID-19 uncertainty, and (4) visibility as a bright spot shining through the COVID-19 cloud. CONCLUSIONS Two research questions examined school nurses' experiences of moral distress and their role and scope of practice that affected their relationships in the educational and public health systems. The results of this study confirm the important role of school nurses and interprofessional case management in school environments in the fight against infectious diseases and pandemics. Building stronger relationships between school nurses and public health is imperative for future collaborative and cohesive public health responses to pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Baker
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jacqueline Jones
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Charlotte R Weiss
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Scott B Harpin
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Cook G, Appleton JV, Bekaert S, Harrold T, Taylor J, Sammut D. School nursing: New ways of working with children and young people during the Covid-19 pandemic: A scoping review. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:471-501. [PMID: 36541501 PMCID: PMC9877849 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine how school nurse practice evolved as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. DESIGN A scoping review of international literature, conducted and reported in line with Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework. DATA SOURCES Searches were conducted in September 2021. Ten databases were searched: The British Nursing Database, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Consumer Health Database, Health and Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Public Health, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science. Relevant grey literature was identified through hand searching. REVIEW METHODS A minimum of three reviewers independently screened articles and two reviewers independently undertook data extraction, with any decisions made collaboratively with the wider team. Much of the literature was not empirical work and so it was not possible to apply a traditional quality appraisal framework. RESULTS Searches identified 554 papers (after deduplication) which were screened against title and abstract. Following the full-text review, 38 articles underwent data extraction and analysis. The review findings highlighted that school nurses adapted their practice to ensure they were able to continue providing their formal and informal school health offer to children, young people and their families and continued working closely with the multidisciplinary team. In addition, the expanded public health role generated by Covid-19 for school nurses' work was considerable, multi-layered and added to their routine workload. School nurses displayed resilience, adaptability and creativity in their response to delivering services during Covid-19. CONCLUSION School nurses took on a leading public health role during the Covid-19 pandemic. Some developments and practices were highlighted as beneficial to continue beyond the pandemic. However, formal evaluation is needed to identify which practices may merit integration into routine practice. Continued investment in staff and infrastructure will be essential to ensuring school nurses continue to expand their practice and influence as public health experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Cook
- Centre for Psychological ResearchOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Jane V. Appleton
- Formerly OxINMAHR (Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research), Faculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Sarah Bekaert
- Oxford School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | | | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyInstitute of Clinical Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Dana Sammut
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyInstitute of Clinical Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Mattheus D, Trinkle L, Owens M. Expanding Hawai'i Keiki School-Based Health Services to Meet the Needs of Communities in Hawai'i. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2022; 81:287-289. [PMID: 36212221 PMCID: PMC9533328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mattheus
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Nancy Atmospera-Walch School of Nursing, Honolulu, HI (DM)
- Hawai'i Keiki: Healthy & Ready to Learn, Honolulu, HI (DM, LT, MO)
| | - Laura Trinkle
- Hawai'i Keiki: Healthy & Ready to Learn, Honolulu, HI (DM, LT, MO)
| | - Melissa Owens
- Hawai'i Keiki: Healthy & Ready to Learn, Honolulu, HI (DM, LT, MO)
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