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Eslam M, Fan JG, Yu ML, Wong VWS, Cua IH, Liu CJ, Tanwandee T, Gani R, Seto WK, Alam S, Young DY, Hamid S, Zheng MH, Kawaguchi T, Chan WK, Payawal D, Tan SS, Goh GBB, Strasser SI, Viet HD, Kao JH, Kim W, Kim SU, Keating SE, Yilmaz Y, Kamani L, Wang CC, Fouad Y, Abbas Z, Treeprasertsuk S, Thanapirom K, Al Mahtab M, Lkhagvaa U, Baatarkhuu O, Choudhury AK, Stedman CAM, Chowdhury A, Dokmeci AK, Wang FS, Lin HC, Huang JF, Howell J, Jia J, Alboraie M, Roberts SK, Yoneda M, Ghazinian H, Mirijanyan A, Nan Y, Lesmana CRA, Adams LA, Shiha G, Kumar M, Örmeci N, Wei L, Lau G, Omata M, Sarin SK, George J. The Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Hepatol Int 2025; 19:261-301. [PMID: 40016576 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects over one-fourth of the global adult population and is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. To address this, the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) has created clinical practice guidelines focused on MAFLD. The guidelines cover various aspects of the disease, such as its epidemiology, diagnosis, screening, assessment, and treatment. The guidelines aim to advance clinical practice, knowledge, and research on MAFLD, particularly in special groups. The guidelines are designed to advance clinical practice, to provide evidence-based recommendations to assist healthcare stakeholders in decision-making and to improve patient care and disease awareness. The guidelines take into account the burden of clinical management for the healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort ResearchFaculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Medical Data Analytics Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian Homer Cua
- Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, St. Luke's Medical Center, Global City, Philippines
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineHepatitis Research CenterGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tawesak Tanwandee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rino Gani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary Division, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Pangeran Diponegoro Road No. 71St, Central Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shahinul Alam
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dan Yock Young
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saeed Hamid
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Diana Payawal
- Department of Medicine, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, Mandaluyong, Philippines
| | - Soek-Siam Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Batu Caves, Malaysia
| | - George Boon-Bee Goh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simone I Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hang Dao Viet
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineHepatitis Research CenterDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, 1 Chang-Te Street, 10002, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50-1, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Shelley E Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | | | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yasser Fouad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Dr.Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Undram Lkhagvaa
- Department of Health Policy, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Oidov Baatarkhuu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ashok Kumar Choudhury
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | | | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - A Kadir Dokmeci
- Department of Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai RdNo. 155, Section 2, Linong St, Beitou District, Taipei City, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort ResearchFaculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jess Howell
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3008, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3165, Australia
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine On Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Stuart K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hasmik Ghazinian
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Yerevan Medical Scientific Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Aram Mirijanyan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Yerevan Medical Scientific Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Leon A Adams
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Gamal Shiha
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Necati Örmeci
- Department of Gastroenterohepatology, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lai Wei
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - George Lau
- Humanity and Health Medical Group, Humanity and Health Clinical Trial Center, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
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