1
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Wood EL, Greco C, Ivanov DA, Kremer K, Daoulas KC. Mesoscopic Modeling of a Highly-Ordered Sanidic Polymer Mesophase and Comparison With Experimental Data. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2285-2298. [PMID: 35290739 PMCID: PMC8958507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Board-shaped polymers
form sanidic mesophases: assemblies of parallel
lamellae of stacked polymer backbones separated by disordered side
chains. Sanidics vary significantly with respect to polymer order
inside their lamellae, making them “stepping stones”
toward the crystalline state. Therefore, they are potentially interesting
for studying crystallization and technological applications. Building
on earlier mesoscopic models of the most disordered sanidics Σd, we focus on the other extreme, near-crystalline order, and
develop a generic model that captures a highly ordered Σr mesophase. Polymers are described by generic hindered-rotation
chains. Anisotropic nonbonded potentials, with strengths comparable
to the thermal energy, mimic board-like monomer shapes. Lamellae equilibrated
with Monte Carlo simulations, for a broad range of model parameters,
have intralamellar order typical for Σr mesophases:
periodically stacked polymers that are mutually registered along their
backbones. Our mesophase shows registration on both monomer and chain
levels. We calculate scattering patterns and compare with data published
for highly ordered sanidic mesophases of two different polymers: polyesters
and polypeptoids. Most of the generic structural features that were
identified in these experiments are present in our model. However,
our mesophase has correlations between chains located in different
lamellae and is therefore closer to the crystalline state than the
experimental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wood
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cristina Greco
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitri A Ivanov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, 15 Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kostas Ch Daoulas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Bobrowska DM, Zubyk H, Regulska E, Romero E, Echegoyen L, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Carbon nanoonion-ferrocene conjugates as acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3164-3176. [PMID: 36133599 PMCID: PMC9417719 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Many macromolecular systems, including carbon nanostructures (CNs), have been synthesized and investigated as acceptors in photovoltaic devices. Some CNs have shown interesting electrochemical, photophysical and electrocatalytic properties and have been used in energy and sustainability applications. This study focuses on the covalent functionalization of carbon nanoonion (CNO) surfaces with ferrocene moieties to obtain donor-acceptor systems involving CNOs as acceptors. The systems were synthesized and characterized by infrared, Raman, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and electrochemical measurements. The HOMO-LUMO levels were calculated to evaluate the possibility of using these systems in photoactive devices. In this study, for the first time, the CNO-based derivatives were applied as acceptors in the active layer of photovoltaic devices. This study is the first to use large CNO-based derivatives as acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices, and a power conversion efficiency as high as 1.89% was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Bobrowska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Halyna Zubyk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Elzbieta Regulska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Elkin Romero
- University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Bldg. #2.0304 El Paso TX 79968-8807 USA
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Bldg. #2.0304 El Paso TX 79968-8807 USA
| | - Marta E Plonska-Brzezinska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok Mickiewicza 2A 15-222 Bialystok Poland +48 85 748 5683
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3
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Mori H, Nishinaga S, Takahashi R, Nishihara Y. Alkoxy-Substituted Anthra[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (ATz): A New Electron-Acceptor Unit in the Semiconducting Polymers for Organic Electronics. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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4
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Bulumulla C, Gunawardhana R, Kularatne RN, Hill ME, McCandless GT, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole-benzothiadiazole Banana-Shaped Small Molecules for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11818-11825. [PMID: 29584400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report two banana-shaped organic semiconducting small molecules containing the relatively unexplored thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole with thiophene and furan flanked benzothiadiazole. Theoretical insights gained by DFT calculations, supported by single crystal structures show that furan flanked benzothiadiazole-thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole small molecule has a higher curvature compared to the thiophene flanked small molecule due to the shorter carbon-oxygen bond in furan. Despite similar optical and electrochemical properties, thiophene flanked small molecule shows average hole mobility up to 8 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1, however furan flanked small molecule performs poorly in thin film transistor devices (μh ≈ 5 × 10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1). The drastic difference in hole mobilities was due to the annealing-induced crystallinity which was demonstrated by the out-of-plane grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and surface morphology studies by tapping mode atomic force microscopy analysis.
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5
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Chochos CL, Singh R, Gregoriou VG, Kim M, Katsouras A, Serpetzoglou E, Konidakis I, Stratakis E, Cho K, Avgeropoulos A. Enhancement of the Power-Conversion Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells via Unveiling an Appropriate Rational Design Strategy in Indacenodithiophene- alt-quinoxaline π-Conjugated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10236-10245. [PMID: 29508996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the photovoltaic parameters, photophysical properties, optoelectronic properties, self-assembly, and morphology variations in a series of high-performance donor-acceptor (D-A) π-conjugated polymers based on indacenodithiophene and quinoxaline moieties as a function of the number-average molecular weight ([Formula: see text]), the nature of aryl substituents, and the enlargement of the polymer backbone. One of the most important outcome is that from the three optimization approaches followed to tune the chemical structure toward enhanced photovoltaic performance in bulk heterojunction solar cell devices with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor, the choice of the aryl substituent is the most efficient rational design strategy. Incorporation of thienyl rings as substituents versus phenyl rings accelerates the electron-hole extraction process to the respective electrode, despite the slightly lower recombination lifetime and, thus, improves the electrical performance of the device. Single-junction solar cells based on ThIDT-TQxT feature a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 7.26%. This study provides significant insights toward understanding of the structure-properties-performance relationship for D-A π-conjugated polymers in solid state, which provide helpful inputs for the design of next-generation polymeric semiconductors for organic solar cells with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos L Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street , Platani-Rio, 26504 Patras , Greece
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street , Platani-Rio, 26504 Patras , Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF) , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , Athens 11635 , Greece
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
| | - Efthymis Serpetzoglou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Ioannis Konidakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
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6
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Computational modelling of donor-acceptor-donor conjugated polymers based on benzothiadiazole. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Chochos CL, Katsouras A, Drakopoulou S, Miskaki C, Krassas M, Tzourmpakis P, Kakavelakis G, Sprau C, Colsmann A, Squeo BM, Gregoriou VG, Kymakis E, Avgeropoulos A. Effects of alkyl side chains positioning and presence of fused aromatic units in the backbone of low-bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers on the optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Sofia Drakopoulou
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Christina Miskaki
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Miron Krassas
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - Pavlos Tzourmpakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - George Kakavelakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - Christian Sprau
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Benedetta M. Squeo
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue; Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
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8
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Heuvel R, van Franeker JJ, Janssen RAJ. Energy Level Tuning of Poly(phenylene- alt-dithienobenzothiadiazole)s for Low Photon Energy Loss Solar Cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017; 218:1600502. [PMID: 28503056 PMCID: PMC5405580 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Six poly(phenylene‐alt‐dithienobenzothiadiazole)‐based polymers have been synthesized for application in polymer–fullerene solar cells. Hydrogen, fluorine, or nitrile substitution on benzothiadiazole and alkoxy or ester substitution on the phenylene moiety are investigated to reduce the energy loss per converted photon. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 6.6% have been obtained. The best performance is found for the polymer–fullerene combination with distinct phase separation and crystalline domains. This improves the maximum external quantum efficiency for charge formation and collection to 66%. The resulting higher photocurrent compensates for the relatively large energy loss per photon (Eloss = 0.97 eV) in achieving a high PCE. By contrast, the polymer that provides a reduced energy loss (Eloss = 0.49 eV) gives a lower photocurrent and a reduced PCE of 1.8% because the external quantum efficiency of 17% is limited by a suboptimal morphology and a reduced driving force for charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruurd Heuvel
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J van Franeker
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute P.O. Box 9025600AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands.,Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 205612AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
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9
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Eom SH, Nam SY, Do HJ, Lee J, Jeon S, Shin TJ, Jung IH, Yoon SC, Lee C. Dark current reduction strategies using edge-on aligned donor polymers for high detectivity and responsivity organic photodetectors. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The difluorobenzene-incorporated polymer showed strong ordering in edge-on mode, resulting in a significant reduction in the leakage current, and thus PFBT2OBT:PC70BM devices showed highly improved detectivity of over 1013 Jones at −2V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Eom
- Division of Advanced Materials
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Nam
- Division of Advanced Materials
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Do
- Division of Advanced Materials
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Convergence Materials
| | - Sangho Jeon
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Jung
- Department of Chemistry
- Kookmin University
- Seoul 02707
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Convergence Materials
| | - Changjin Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Convergence Materials
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10
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Yao S, Kim B, Yue X, Colon Gomez MY, Bondar MV, Belfield KD. Synthesis of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Two-Photon-Absorbing Fluorenyl Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1149-1156. [PMID: 31457186 PMCID: PMC6640770 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of dyes 2-5 based on 5-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 5-thienyl-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole cores were synthesized as near-infrared-emitting two-photon-absorbing fluorophores. Fluorescence maxima wavelengths as long as 714 nm and quantum yields as high as 0.67 were realized. The fluorescence quantum yields of dyes 2-4 were nearly constant, regardless of solvent polarity. These diazoles exhibited large Stokes shifts (>110 nm) and high two-photon figure of merit. Cells incubated on a 3D scaffold with probe 4 (encapsulated in Pluronic micelles) exhibited bright fluorescence, enabling 3D two-photon fluorescence imaging to a depth of 100 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Bosung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Xiling Yue
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Maria Y. Colon Gomez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | | | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd.,
University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
- E-mail: (K.D.B.)
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11
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Chochos CL, Katsouras A, Gasparini N, Koulogiannis C, Ameri T, Brabec CJ, Avgeropoulos A. Rational Design of High-Performance Wide-Bandgap (≈2 eV) Polymer Semiconductors as Electron Donors in Organic Photovoltaics Exhibiting High Open Circuit Voltages (≈1 V). Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern); Haberstrasse 2a 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
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12
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Jarczyk-Jedryka A, Filapek M, Malecki G, Kula S, Janeczek H, Boharewicz B, Iwan A, Schab-Balcerzak E. Symmetrical N-acylsubstituted dihydrazones containing bithiophene core--Photophysical, electrochemical and thermal characterization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 159:169-176. [PMID: 26845584 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four symmetrical N-acylsubstituted dihydrazones containing bithiophene core were synthesized from condensation of 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-dicarboxyaldehyde with benzoic, isonicotinoyl, 2-thiophenic and 2-furoic hydrazide. The obtained compounds were characterized through the data from (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Additionally, the electronic properties including orbital energies and resulting energy gaps were calculated by density functional theory (DFT). Their thermal behavior was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). They were thermal sable up to 320°C. The prepared N-acylsubstituted dihydrazones emitted light with λ(em) in the range of 499-530 nm in solution, whereas, in solid state as blend with PMMA blue emission was observed. They undergo quasi-reversible and irreversible electrochemical reduction and oxidation processes, respectively. Additionally, the selected compounds were tested preliminary as component of active layer in organic photovoltaic cells. The highest value of power conversion efficiency, equal to 1.68% under simulated 100 mW/cm(2) AM 1.5G irradiation was found for device with the architecture ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM:FBTH (1:2:2)/Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jarczyk-Jedryka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Malecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Bartosz Boharewicz
- Electrotechnical Institute, Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science, 55/61 M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Iwan
- Electrotechnical Institute, Division of Electrotechnology and Materials Science, 55/61 M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
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13
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Bulut I, Chávez P, Fall S, Méry S, Heinrich B, Rault-Berthelot J, Poriel C, Lévêque P, Leclerc N. Incorporation of spirobifluorene regioisomers in electron-donating molecular systems for organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02085b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and characterizations of new small molecules for organic photovoltaics including diketopyrrolopyrrole and spirobifluorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bulut
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- Département d'Ingénierie Polymère
- UMR 7515 associée au CNRS
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux
- 67087 Strasbourg
| | - Patricia Chávez
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- Département d'Ingénierie Polymère
- UMR 7515 associée au CNRS
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux
- 67087 Strasbourg
| | - Sadiara Fall
- Laboratoire ICube
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- 67037 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Stéphane Méry
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - Benoit Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - Joëlle Rault-Berthelot
- UMR CNRS 6226
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Université de Rennes 1-Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes cedex
- France
| | - Cyril Poriel
- UMR CNRS 6226
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Université de Rennes 1-Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes cedex
- France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire ICube
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- 67037 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- Département d'Ingénierie Polymère
- UMR 7515 associée au CNRS
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux
- 67087 Strasbourg
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14
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Zhou M, Wang M, Zhu L, Yang Z, Jiang C, Cao D, Li Q. D-π-A-π-A Strategy to Design Benzothiadiazole-carbazole-based Conjugated Polymer with High Solar Cell Voltage and Enhanced Photocurrent. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:2156-61. [PMID: 26469185 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical calculations are used to find that D-π-A-π-A style conjugated polymer PC-TBTBT is more efficient for solar cells application than the D-π-A analog PC-TBT because the D-π-A-π-A structure has a narrower band gap and higher molar absorption coefficient and redshift spectrum. Motivated by the theoretical prediction, 5,6-bis(octyloxy)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 2,7-carbazole are adopted to synthesize the D-π-A-π-A style PC-TBTBT (M(w) = 31.1 kDa) and D-π-A analog PC-TBT (M(w) = 87.5 kDa) by Suzuki coupling reaction. Experimental results confirm that D-π-A-π-A PC-TBTBT-based solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.74% with high V(OC) of 0.99 V and enhanced J(SC) of 9.70 mA cm(-2). The PCE and J(SC) achieve improvements of 17% and 26%, respectively, compared to the D-π-A PC-TBT-based solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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15
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Wei H, Chen W, Han L, Wang T, Bao X, Li X, Liu J, Zhou Y, Yang R. A Solution-Processable Molecule using Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene as Building Block for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1791-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Hebei University of Science and Technology; Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Weichao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Liangliang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Hebei University of Science and Technology; Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Yuanhang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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16
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Livi F, Zawacka NK, Angmo D, Jørgensen M, Krebs FC, Bundgaard E. Influence of Side Chain Position on the Electrical Properties of Organic Solar Cells Based on Dithienylbenzothiadiazole-alt-phenylene Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Livi
- DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Natalia K. Zawacka
- DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dechan Angmo
- DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Jørgensen
- DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Frederik C. Krebs
- DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Eva Bundgaard
- DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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17
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Bou Zerdan R, Cohn P, Puodziukynaite E, Baker MB, Voisin M, Sarun C, Castellano RK. Synthesis, optical properties, and electronic structures of nucleobase-containing π-conjugated oligomers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1828-40. [PMID: 25581330 DOI: 10.1021/jo502773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular recognition properties of the nucleobases instruct the formation of complex three-dimensional architectures in natural and synthetic systems; relatively unexplored is their use as building blocks for π-conjugated materials where they might mutually tune electronic and supramolecular structures. Toward this goal, an introductory set (1a-d and 2a-d) of six purine-terminated and two pyrimidine-terminated π-conjugated oligomers has been synthesized and used to develop experimental electronic and photophysical structure-property trends. Unlike 2,2':5',2″-terthiophene (TTT) derivatives 2a-d, intramolecular charge transfer dominates oligomers 1a-d bearing a 4,7-bisthienylbenzothiadiazole (TBT) spacer due to the strong electron-accepting ability of its benzothiadiazole (BTD) ring. The resulting donor-acceptor-donor systems feature lower HOMO-LUMO gaps than the terthiophene-linked nucleobases (ΔE(g) ∼ 1.8 eV vs 2.4 eV based on electrochemical measurements), and the lowest so far for π-conjugated molecules that include nucleobases within the π-framework. Experiments reveal a dependence of photophysical and electronic structure on the nature of the nucleobase and are in good agreement with theoretical calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level. Overall, the results show how nucleobase heterocycles can be installed within π-systems to tune optical and electronic properties. Future work will evaluate the consequences of these information-rich components on supramolecular π-conjugated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghida Bou Zerdan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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18
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Nguyen TL, Song S, Ko SJ, Choi H, Jeong JE, Kim T, Hwang S, Kim JY, Woo HY. Benzodithiophene-thiophene-based photovoltaic polymers with different side-chains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of Nanofusion Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Korea
| | - Seyeong Song
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering and KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering and KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering and KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Nanofusion Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Korea
| | - Taehyo Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering and KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 Korea
| | - Sungu Hwang
- Department of Nanomechatronics Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering and KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Nanofusion Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Korea
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19
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Singh R, Pagona G, Gregoriou VG, Tagmatarchis N, Toliopoulos D, Han Y, Fei Z, Katsouras A, Avgeropoulos A, Anthopoulos TD, Heeney M, Keivanidis PE, Chochos CL. The impact of thienothiophene isomeric structures on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance in quinoxaline based donor–acceptor copolymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the monomer's isomeric structure in the design of new D–A copolymers for various applications.
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20
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Pattanasattayavong P, Sygletou M, Kymakis E, Stratakis E, Yan F, Gregoriou VG, Anthopoulos TD, Chochos CL. The role of the ethynylene bond on the optical and electronic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11487f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjusting the optoelectronic properties of conjugated copolymers by the introduction of ethynylene linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sygletou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
- Heraklion, 71110 Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Centre of Materials Technology & Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department
- Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete
- Heraklion, 71004 Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
- Heraklion, 71110 Crete, Greece
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation
- Athens 11635, Greece
- Advent Technologies SA
- Patras Science Park
- Platani-Rio, Greece
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ, UK
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21
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Agneeswari R, Tamilavan V, Song M, Kang JW, Jin SH, Hyun MH. Synthesis of polymers containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole as an electron-acceptor moiety in their main chain and their solar cell applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Chochos CL, Avgeropoulos A, Lidorikis E. Theoretical study of phenyl-substituted indacenodithiophene copolymers for high performance organic photovoltaics. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:064901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4775813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Schwartz PO, Zaborova E, Bechara R, Lévêque P, Heiser T, Méry S, Leclerc N. Impact of the arrangement of functional moieties within small molecular systems for solution processable bulk heterojunction solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00218g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Danesh CD, Starkweather NS, Zhang S. In Situ Study of Dynamic Conformational Transitions of a Water-Soluble Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Derivative by Surfactant Complexation. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12887-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307728r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D. Danesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo,
California 93407, United States
| | - Nathan S. Starkweather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo,
California 93407, United States
| | - Shanju Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo,
California 93407, United States
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25
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The new low-band gap polymers comprising C-, Si-, or N-bridged dithiophene and alkoxy-modified 2,1,3-benzooxadiazole units for bulk heterojunction solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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