1
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Rader Bowers LM, Puodziukynaite E, Wang L, Morseth ZA, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. It Is Good to Be Flexible: Energy Transport Facilitated by Conformational Fluctuations in Light-Harvesting Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5885-5896. [PMID: 34043354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism of energy transfer between ruthenium(II) (Ru) and osmium(II) (Os) polypyridyl complexes affixed to a polyfluorene backbone (PF-RuOs) using a combination of time-resolved emission spectroscopy and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG MD). Photoexcitation of a Ru chromophore initiates Dexter-style energy hopping along isoenergetic complexes followed by sensitization of a lower-energy Os trap. While we can determine the total energy transfer rate within an ensemble of solvated PF-RuOs from time-dependent Os* emission spectra, heterogeneity of the system and inherent polymer flexibility give rise to highly multiexponential kinetics. We developed a three-part computational kinetic model to supplement our spectroscopic results: (1) CG MD model of PF-RuOs that simulates molecular motions out to 700 ns, (2) energy transfer kinetic simulations in CG MD PF-RuOs that produce time-resolved Ru and Os excited-state populations, and (3) computational experiments that interrogate the mechanisms by which motion aids energy transfer. Good agreement between simulated and experimental emission transients reveals that our kinetic model accurately simulates the molecular motion of PF-RuOs during energy transfer. Simulated results indicate that pendant flexibility allows 81% of the excited state to sensitize an Os trap compared to a 48% occupation when we treat pendants statically. Our computational experiments show how static pendants are only able to engage in local energy transfer. The excited state equilibrates across a domain of complexes proximal to the initial excitation and becomes trapped within that unique, frozen locality. Side-chain flexibility enables pendants to swing in and out of the original domain spreading the excited state out to ±30 pendant complexes away from the initial excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Rader Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zachary A Morseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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2
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Lee H, Stephenson JC, Richter LJ, McNeill CR, Gann E, Thomsen L, Park S, Jeong J, Yi Y, DeLongchamp DM, Page ZA, Puodziukynaite E, Emrick T, Briseno AL. The Structural Origin of Electron Injection Enhancements with Fulleropyrrolidine Interlayers. Adv Mater Interfaces 2016; 3:1500852. [PMID: 28133591 PMCID: PMC5259752 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201500852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of the substituent groups in a new class of work function modification layers, based on functionalized fulleropyrrolidines, is measured and found to directly account for the sign of the work function change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - John C Stephenson
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Lee J Richter
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800 Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800 Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Thomsen Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168 Australia
| | - Soohyung Park
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Jeong
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
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3
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Selhorst RC, Puodziukynaite E, Dewey JA, Wang P, Barnes MD, Ramasubramaniam A, Emrick T. Tetrathiafulvalene-containing polymers for simultaneous non-covalent modification and electronic modulation of MoS 2 nanomaterials. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4698-4705. [PMID: 30155118 PMCID: PMC6016444 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00305b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers with pendent tetrathiafulvalene groups for solubilization and electronic modification of MoS2 nanosheets.
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS2 comprise an important class of 2D semiconductors with numerous interesting electronic and mechanical features. Full utilization of TMDCs in materials and devices, however, necessitates robust functionalization methods. We report well-defined tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based polymers, exploiting synthetic routes that overcome challenges previously associated with these systems. These platforms enable basal plane coordinative interactions with MoS2, conceptually in parallel with pyrene-containing platforms for graphene and carbon nanotube modification. Not yet reported for TMDCs, these non-covalent interactions are universal and effective for MoS2 irrespective of the lattice structure, affording significantly enhanced solution stabilization of the nanosheets. Additionally, the TTF-functionalized polymers offer electronic structure modulation of MoS2 by ground state charge transfer and work function reduction, demonstrated using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Notably, coordination and electronic effects are amplified for the TTF–polymers over TTF itself. Experiments are supported by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations that probe polymer–TTF surface interactions with MoS2 and the resultant impact on electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Selhorst
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , USA .
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , USA .
| | - Jeffrey A Dewey
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , USA .
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street , Amherst , MA 01003 , USA
| | - Michael D Barnes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street , Amherst , MA 01003 , USA
| | - Ashwin Ramasubramaniam
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts , Amherst , 160 Governors Drive Amherst , MA 01003 , USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , USA .
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah A. Page
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yao Liu
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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5
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Morseth ZA, Wang L, Puodziukynaite E, Leem G, Gilligan AT, Meyer TJ, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. Ultrafast dynamics in multifunctional Ru(II)-loaded polymers for solar energy conversion. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:818-27. [PMID: 25647081 DOI: 10.1021/ar500382u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of sunlight to make chemical fuels (i.e., solar fuels) is an attractive approach in the quest to develop sustainable energy sources. Using nature as a guide, assemblies for artificial photosynthesis will need to perform multiple functions. They will need to be able to harvest light across a broad region of the solar spectrum, transport excited-state energy to charge-separation sites, and then transport and store redox equivalents for use in the catalytic reactions that produce chemical fuels. This multifunctional behavior will require the assimilation of multiple components into a single macromolecular system. A wide variety of different architectures including porphyrin arrays, peptides, dendrimers, and polymers have been explored, with each design posing unique challenges. Polymer assemblies are attractive due to their relative ease of production and facile synthetic modification. However, their disordered nature gives rise to stochastic dynamics not present in more ordered assemblies. The rational design of assemblies requires a detailed understanding of the energy and electron transfer events that follow light absorption, which can occur on time scales ranging from femtoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, necessitating the use of sophisticated techniques. We have used a combination of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopies with observation times that span 9 orders of magnitude to follow the excited-state evolution within polymer-based molecular assemblies. We complement experimental observations with molecular dynamics simulations to develop a microscopic view of these dynamics. This Account provides an overview of our work on polymers decorated with pendant Ru(II) chromophores, both in solution and on surfaces. We have examined site-to-site energy transport among the Ru(II) complexes, and in systems incorporating π-conjugated polymers, we have observed ultrafast formation of a long-lived charge-separated state. When attached to TiO2, these assemblies exhibit multifunctional behavior in which photon absorption is followed by energy transport to the surface and electron injection to produce an oxidized metal complex. The oxidizing equivalent is then transferred to the conjugated polymer, giving rise to a long-lived charge-separated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander T. Gilligan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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6
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Bou Zerdan R, Cohn P, Puodziukynaite E, Baker MB, Voisin M, Sarun C, Castellano RK. Synthesis, optical properties, and electronic structures of nucleobase-containing π-conjugated oligomers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1828-40. [PMID: 25581330 DOI: 10.1021/jo502773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular recognition properties of the nucleobases instruct the formation of complex three-dimensional architectures in natural and synthetic systems; relatively unexplored is their use as building blocks for π-conjugated materials where they might mutually tune electronic and supramolecular structures. Toward this goal, an introductory set (1a-d and 2a-d) of six purine-terminated and two pyrimidine-terminated π-conjugated oligomers has been synthesized and used to develop experimental electronic and photophysical structure-property trends. Unlike 2,2':5',2″-terthiophene (TTT) derivatives 2a-d, intramolecular charge transfer dominates oligomers 1a-d bearing a 4,7-bisthienylbenzothiadiazole (TBT) spacer due to the strong electron-accepting ability of its benzothiadiazole (BTD) ring. The resulting donor-acceptor-donor systems feature lower HOMO-LUMO gaps than the terthiophene-linked nucleobases (ΔE(g) ∼ 1.8 eV vs 2.4 eV based on electrochemical measurements), and the lowest so far for π-conjugated molecules that include nucleobases within the π-framework. Experiments reveal a dependence of photophysical and electronic structure on the nature of the nucleobase and are in good agreement with theoretical calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level. Overall, the results show how nucleobase heterocycles can be installed within π-systems to tune optical and electronic properties. Future work will evaluate the consequences of these information-rich components on supramolecular π-conjugated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghida Bou Zerdan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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7
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Leem G, Keinan S, Jiang J, Chen Z, Pho T, Morseth ZA, Hu Z, Puodziukynaite E, Fang Z, Papanikolas JM, Reynolds JR, Schanze KS. Ru(bpy)32+ derivatized polystyrenes constructed by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. Relationship between polymer chain length, structure and photophysical properties. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of polystyrene-based light harvesting polymers featuring pendant polypyridyl ruthenium complexes has been synthesized.
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8
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Lee H, Puodziukynaite E, Zhang Y, Stephenson JC, Richter LJ, Fischer DA, DeLongchamp DM, Emrick T, Briseno AL. Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s as Electrode Modifiers for Inverted Organic Electronics. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:540-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbok Lee
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Todd Emrick
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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9
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Zhang Y, Diao Y, Lee H, Mirabito TJ, Johnson RW, Puodziukynaite E, John J, Carter KR, Emrick T, Mannsfeld SCB, Briseno AL. Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters for controlling the growth of organic single-crystalline nanopillars in photovoltaics. Nano Lett 2014; 14:5547-54. [PMID: 25226442 DOI: 10.1021/nl501933q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The most efficient architecture for achieving high donor/acceptor interfacial area in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) would employ arrays of vertically interdigitated p- and n- type semiconductor nanopillars (NPs). Such morphology could have an advantage in bulk heterojunction systems; however, precise control of the dimension morphology in a crystalline, interpenetrating architecture has not yet been realized. Here we present a simple, yet facile, crystallization technique for the growth of vertically oriented NPs utilizing a modified thermal evaporation technique that hinges on a fast deposition rate, short substrate-source distance, and ballistic mass transport. A broad range of organic semiconductor materials is beneficial from the technique to generate NP geometries. Moreover, this technique can also be generalized to various substrates, namely, graphene, PEDOT-PSS, ZnO, CuI, MoO3, and MoS2. The advantage of the NP architecture over the conventional thin film counterpart is demonstrated with an increase of power conversion efficiency of 32% in photovoltaics. This technique will advance the knowledge of organic semiconductor crystallization and create opportunities for the fabrication and processing of NPs for applications that include solar cells, charge storage devices, sensors, and vertical transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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10
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Puodziukynaite E, Wang HW, Lawrence J, Wise AJ, Russell TP, Barnes MD, Emrick T. Azulene Methacrylate Polymers: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Solar Cell Fabrication. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11043-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Puodziukynaite
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hsin-Wei Wang
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jimmy Lawrence
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Adam J. Wise
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Michael D. Barnes
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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11
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Puodziukynaite E, Wang L, Schanze KS, Papanikolas JM, Reynolds JR. Poly(fluorene-co-thiophene)-based ionic transition-metal complex polymers for solar energy harvesting and storage applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01582c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Puodziukynaite E, Vary RP, Grumstrup EM, Walczak RM, Zolotarskaya OY, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. Competition between Ultrafast Energy Flow and Electron Transfer in a Ru(II)-Loaded Polyfluorene Light-Harvesting Polymer. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2453-2457. [PMID: 26292132 DOI: 10.1021/jz300979j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Letter describes the synthesis and photophysical characterization of a Ru(II) assembly consisting of metal polypyridyl complexes linked together by a polyfluorene scaffold. Unlike many scaffolds incorporating saturated linkages, the conjugated polymer in this system acts as a functional light-harvesting component. Conformational disorder breaks the conjugation in the polymer backbone, resulting in a chain composed of many chromophore units, whose relative energies depend on the segment lengths. Photoexcitation of the polyfluorene by a femtosecond laser pulse results in the excitation of polyfluorene, which then undergoes direct energy transfer to the pendant Ru(II) complexes, producing Ru(II)* excited states within 500 fs after photoexcitation. Femtosecond transient absorption data show the presence of electron transfer from PF* to Ru(II) to form charge-separated (CS) products within 1-2 ps. The decay of the oxidized and reduced products, PF(+•) and Ru(I), through back electron transfer are followed using picosecond transient absorption methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- †Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Ryan P Vary
- †Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erik M Grumstrup
- †Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ryan M Walczak
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Olga Y Zolotarskaya
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- §School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- †Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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13
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Sun Y, Chen Z, Puodziukynaite E, Jenkins DM, Reynolds JR, Schanze KS. Light Harvesting Arrays of Polypyridine Ruthenium(II) Chromophores Prepared by Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202804u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Dustin M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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14
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Puodziukynaite E, Oberst JL, Dyer AL, Reynolds JR. Establishing Dual Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Multicolor Electrochromism in Functional Ionic Transition-Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:968-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2065297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Puodziukynaite
- The George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida
32611, United States
| | - Justin L. Oberst
- The George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida
32611, United States
| | - Aubrey L. Dyer
- The George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida
32611, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- The George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida
32611, United States
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