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Das S, Giri L, Majumdar S. Interaction-Based Perspective for Designing Polymer Biomaterial: A Strategic Approach to the Chitosan-Glycerophosphate System. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38842569 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The conventional approach for developing any polymeric biomaterial is to follow protocols available in the literature and/or perform trial-and-error runs without a scientific basis. Here, we propose an analysis of a complex overlay of molecular interactions between drugs and polymers that provides a strategic pathway for biomaterial development. First, this work provides an innovative interaction-based method for developing an ocular formulation involving in situ gelling chitosan, gelatin, and glycerophosphate systems. A systematic interaction study is conducted based on the measurement of hydrodynamic radius, zeta potential, and viscosity with the sequential addition of formulation components. The increase in the hydrodynamic radius of the polymer with the addition of drugs can be interpreted as better diffusion of the drug inside the charged polymer chains and vice versa. Based on the knowledge of these interactions, a formulation has been designed that shows better drug release results with extended and sustained release compared to literature protocols, hence accentuating the importance of this study. An in-depth analysis of interactions can lead to a better understanding of the system. Second, we demonstrate the development of two dual-drug biomaterial systems, i.e., an in situ gelling and a liquid formulation at ocular surface temperature from the same polymers, which can be used as an ocular antiglaucoma formulation. Prior knowledge of the interactions between the drug polymers can be used to design a better formulation. The demonstrated application of this interaction-based protocol development can be extended universally to any biomaterial. This would provide a comprehensive idea about the properties and interactions of polymers and drugs, which can also serve as a base/starting point for a new formulation/biomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana, Hyderabad 502285, India
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2
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Basu T, Das S, Majumdar S. Elucidating the influence of electrostatic force on the re-arrangement of H-bonds of protein polymers in the presence of salts. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2361-2373. [PMID: 38372459 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyampholytes/proteins have an intriguing network of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), especially their secondary structure, which plays a crucial role in determining the conformational stability of the polymer. The changes in protein secondary structure in the protein-salt system have been extensively deciphered by researchers, yet their pathways for breakage and recreation are unknown. Understanding the mechanism of protein conformational changes towards their biological activities, like protein folding, remains one of the main challenges and requires multiscale analysis of this strongly correlated system. Herein, salts have been used to reveal the re-arrangement behavior in the H-bond network of proteins under the influence of electrostatic interactions, as the strength of electrostatic forces is much stronger than that of H-bonds. At lower salt concentrations, there are negligible changes in the secondary structures as the electrostatic forces induced by the salt ions are less. Later, the existing H-bonds break and reconstruct new H-bonds at higher salt concentrations due to the influence of the stronger electrostatic interaction induced by the large number of salt ions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and FTIR studies have been used rigorously to decipher the reason behind the re-arrangement of the H-bonds within gelatin (protein). The re-arrangement in the H-bond has also been observed with time from simulations and experiments. Thus, this study could provide a fresh perspective on the conformational changes of polyampholytes/proteins and will also influence the studies of protein folding-unfolding interaction in the presence of salt ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Basu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, India.
| | - Sougat Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, India.
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, India.
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3
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Strauch C, Schneider S. Monte Carlo simulation of the ionization and uptake behavior of cationic oligomers into pH-responsive polyelectrolyte microgels of opposite charge - a model for oligopeptide uptake and release. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1263-1274. [PMID: 38236145 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01426f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
External stimuli can tune the uptake and release of guest molecules in microgels. Especially their pH responsiveness makes microgels exciting candidates for drug delivery systems. When both microgel and guest molecules are pH-responsive, predicting the electrostatically driven uptake can be complex since the ionization depends on many parameters. In this work, we performed Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations while systematically varying the pK of the monomers, the concentrations of microgel and guest molecules to obtain a better understanding of the uptake of weak cationic oligomers as a model for oligopeptides into a weak anionic polyelectrolyte microgel. Further, we varied the chain length of the oligomers. The polyelectrolyte networks can take up oligomers when both the network and the oligomers are charged. The presence of both species in the system leads to a mutual enhancement of their ionization. The uptake induces a release of counterions and results in complex formation between the oligomers and the network, leading to the collapse of the networks. Longer oligomers enhance the ionization of the network and, therefore, the complexation. A higher microgel concentration increases the uptake only around the isoelectric point but prevents the uptake due to lower entropy gain at counterion release at higher pH. The results give an insight into the uptake of cationic oligomers into oppositely charged polyelectrolyte microgels and provide hints for the design of anionic microgels as carriers for guest molecules e.g. antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Strauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Das S, Basu T, Majumdar S. Molecular interactions of acids and salts with polyampholytes. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054901. [PMID: 38299631 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hofmeister series characterizes the ability of salt anions to precipitate polyampholytes/proteins. However, the variation of protein size in the bulk solution of acids and the effect of salts on the same have not been studied well. In this article, the four acids (CH3COOH, HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl) and their effects on the hydrodynamic radius (RH) of gelatin in the bulk solution are investigated. The effects of Na salt with the same anions are also considered to draw a comparison between the interactions of acids and salts with polyampholytes. It is suggested that the interactions of polyampholytes with acids are different from those of salts. The interaction series of polyampholytes with acids with respect to the RH of the polyampholyte is CH3COO->NO3->Cl->SO42- whereas the interaction series with salts is SO42->CH3COO->Cl->NO3-. These different interactions are due to equilibration between acid dissociation and protonation of polyampholytes. Another important factor contributing to the interactions in weak acids is the fact that undissociated acid hinders the movement of dissociated acid. Experiments and simulations were performed to understand these interactions, and the results were identical in terms of the trend in RH (from the experiments) and the radius of gyration (Rg) (from the simulations). It is concluded that the valence of ions and dissociation affect the interaction in the case of acids. However, the interactions are influenced by the kosmotropic and chaotropic effect, hydration, and mobility in the case of salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Tithi Basu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
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5
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Das S, Basu T, Majumdar S. Electrostatic-Dominated Conformational Fluctuations and Transition States of Phase Separation in Charge-Balanced Protein Polymer. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:34-39. [PMID: 38109356 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydration of the protein/polymer is the most important aspect of stability. It is well-known that salts alter the charged polymer's electrostatic forces, ultimately impacting its conformations in solution. The solvent effects lead to certain conformational fluctuations. Previous studies have shown the screening of electrostatic repulsion within the charge-imbalanced protein following charge inversion owing to counterion condensation and phase separation. This article studies conformation stability and phase separation of charge-balanced gelatin (a protein polymer at the isoelectric point) with the addition of different salts. A phenomenon has been reported where the electrostatic effect of salts results in conformational fluctuations in gelatin due to its insufficient hydrations (termed as starvation), which scales with salt concentration. This article also presents different transition states for charge-balanced proteins prior to phase separation. It is concluded that phase separation of a charge-balanced protein passes through a stable state followed by an unstable transition state, where certain unique interactions with salts occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - Tithi Basu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502285, India
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6
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Glagoleva AA, Yaroslavov AA, Vasilevskaya VV. Computer Simulation Insight into the Adsorption and Diffusion of Polyelectrolytes on Oppositely Charged Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2845. [PMID: 37447491 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, by means of computer simulation, we studied the adsorption and diffusion of polyelectrolyte macromolecules on oppositely charged surfaces. We considered the surface coverage and the charge of the adsorbed layer depending on the ionization degree of the macromolecules and the charge of the surface and carried out a computer experiment on the polymer diffusion within the adsorbed layers, taking into account its strong dependency on the surface coverage and the macromolecular ionization degree. The different regimes were distinguished that provided maximal mobility of the polymer chains along with a high number of charged groups in the layer, which could be beneficial for the development of the functional coatings. The results were compared with those of previous experiments on the adsorption of polyelectrolyte layers that may be applied as biocidal renewable coatings that can reversibly desorb from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Glagoleva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Yaroslavov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentina V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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7
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Basu T, Chituru SV, Majumdar S. Unraveling fluctuation in gelatin and monovalent salt systems: coulombic starvation. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2486-2490. [PMID: 36942941 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations play a key role in biological systems. Here, fluctuations in gelatin intensify with increasing salt concentration. We find a redistribution of hydrogen bonds in protein-salt systems due to unfulfilled hydration of the charges of gelatin and salt-ions, termed as coulombic starvation. This yielded three regions; no starvation, starvation of gelatin, and both gelatin-salt. The system reaches equilibrium with all charges being partially hydrated. This will aid in interpreting protein-metal ion interactions and designing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Basu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Sunetra V Chituru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
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8
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Avazverdi E, Mirzadeh H, Ehsani M, Bagheri-Khoulenjani S. Polysaccharide-based polyampholyte complex formation: Investigating the role of intra-chain interactions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120836. [PMID: 37182945 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The difference in inter-chain and intra-chain electrostatic attraction was investigated in polyelectrolyte and polyampholyte electrostatic complex formation. Three polymers with similar backbone molecular structures including chitosan (Ch) polycation, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCe) polyanion, and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) polyampholyte were used for this purpose. The turbidimetric, water content, and rheological measurements for polyampholyte self-complex showed more dependence on the ionic strength rather than the polyelectrolyte one. The degree of dissociation (α), dissociation constant (pKa), and intrinsic persistence length were calculated by applying the Katchalsky-Lifson model to potentiometric data. We studied the gyration radii as a function of Debye length and observed the polyampholyte chain contractions due to the intra-chain electrostatic attractions, which minimize the entropic gain of the inter-chain complex formation. This is in accordance with the decrease in pKa by αc for CMCh which is the opposite of that for the Ch and CMCe samples. We also found that the polyampholyte has less intrinsic and electrostatic persistence length compared with both polyanion and polycation with similar chain structures indicating the impact of the inter-chain electrostatic interaction on the complex properties. This study deepens our insight about the behavior of CMCh and the nature of difference between CMCh and Ch/CMCe electrostatic complexes.
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9
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Shi WH, Adhikari RS, Asthagiri DN, Marciel AB. Influence of Charge Block Length on Conformation and Solution Behavior of Polyampholytes. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:195-200. [PMID: 36695540 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of charge block length on polyampholyte chain conformation and phase behavior using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and implicit-solvent molecular simulations. To this end, we use solid phase peptide synthesis to precision-tailor a series of polyampholytes consisting of l-glutamic acid (E) and l-lysine (K) monomers arranged in alternating blocks from 2 to 16 monomers. We observe that the polyampholytes tend to phase separate as block size increases. With addition of NaCl, phase separated polyampholytes exhibit a salting-in effect dependent on charge block length. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds that are disrupted upon the addition of NaCl, implicating both electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding in the phase behavior. SAXS spectra at no-added salt conditions show minimal dependence of charge block length on the radius of gyration (Rg) for soluble polyampholytes, but local chain stiffening is found to be dependent on charge block length. With increasing NaCl, consistent with electrostatic screening, all polyampholytes expand and behave as neutral or swollen chains in good solvent conditions. Molecular simulations are qualitatively consistent with experiments. Implications for understanding intracellular condensates and material design are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie H Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Rohan S Adhikari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | | | - Amanda B Marciel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
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10
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Kuenen MK, Cuomo AM, Gray VP, Letteri RA. Net anionic poly(β-amino ester)s: synthesis, pH-dependent behavior, and complexation with cationic cargo. Polym Chem 2023; 14:421-431. [PMID: 37842180 PMCID: PMC10569340 DOI: 10.1039/d2py01319c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
As hydrolytically-labile, traditionally-cationic polymers, poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) adeptly complex anionic compounds such as nucleic acids, and release their cargo as the polymer degrades. To engineer fully-degradable polyelectrolyte complexes and delivery vehicles for cationic therapeutics, we sought to invert PBAE net charge to generate net anionic PBAEs. Since PBAEs can carry up to a net charge of +1 per tertiary amine, we synthesized a series of alkyne-functionalized PBAEs that allowed installation of 2 anionic thiol-containing molecules per tertiary amine via a radical thiol-yne reaction. Finding dialysis in aqueous solution to lead to PBAE degradation, we developed a preparative size exclusion chromatography method to remove unreacted thiol from the net anionic PBAEs without triggering hydrolysis. The net anionic PBAEs display non-monotonic solution behavior as a function of pH, being more soluble at pH 4 and 10 than in intermediate pH ranges. Like cationic PBAEs, these net anionic PBAEs degrade in aqueous environments with hydrophobic content-dependent hydrolysis, as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Further, these net anionic PBAEs form complexes with the cationic peptide (GR)10, which disintegrate over time as the polymer hydrolyzes. Together, these studies outline a synthesis and purification route to make previously inaccessible net anionic PBAEs with tunable solution and degradation behavior, allowing for user-determined complexation and release rates and providing opportunities for degradable polyelectrolyte complexes and cationic therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara K Kuenen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Alexa M Cuomo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Vincent P Gray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Rachel A Letteri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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11
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Yao H, Wu M, Lin L, Wu Z, Bae M, Park S, Wang S, Zhang W, Gao J, Wang D, Piao Y. Design strategies for adhesive hydrogels with natural antibacterial agents as wound dressings: Status and trends. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100429. [PMID: 36164504 PMCID: PMC9508611 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The wound healing process is usually susceptible to different bacterial infections due to the complex physiological environment, which significantly impairs wound healing. The topical application of antibiotics is not desirable for wound healing because the excessive use of antibiotics might cause bacteria to develop resistance and even the production of super bacteria, posing significant harm to human well-being. Wound dressings based on adhesive, biocompatible, and multi-functional hydrogels with natural antibacterial agents have been widely recognized as effective wound treatments. Hydrogels, which are three-dimensional (3D) polymer networks cross-linked through physical interactions or covalent bonds, are promising for topical antibacterial applications because of their excellent adhesion, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility. To further improve the healing performance of hydrogels, various modification methods have been developed with superior biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, mechanical properties, and wound repair capabilities. This review summarizes hundreds of typical studies on various ingredients, preparation methods, antibacterial mechanisms, and internal antibacterial factors to understand adhesive hydrogels with natural antibacterial agents for wound dressings. Additionally, we provide prospects for adhesive and antibacterial hydrogels in biomedical applications and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Ming Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Liwei Lin
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhonglian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Minjun Bae
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Park
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuli Wang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Wang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Dongan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, PR China
| | - Yuanzhe Piao
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 443-270, Republic of Korea
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12
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Devarajan DS, Rekhi S, Nikoubashman A, Kim YC, Howard MP, Mittal J. Effect of Charge Distribution on the Dynamics of Polyampholytic Disordered Proteins. Macromolecules 2022; 55:8987-8997. [PMID: 38250712 PMCID: PMC10798675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stability and physiological function of many biomolecular coacervates depend on the structure and dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that typically contain a significant fraction of charged residues. Although the effect of relative arrangement of charged residues on IDP conformation is a well-studied problem, the associated changes in dynamics are far less understood. In this work, we systematically interrogate the effects of charge distribution on the chain-level and segmental dynamics of polyampholytic IDPs in dilute solutions. We study a coarse-grained model polyampholyte consisting of an equal fraction of two oppositely charged residues (glutamic acid and lysine) that undergoes a transition from an ideal chain-like conformation for uniformly charge-patterned sequences to a semi-compact conformation for highly charge-segregated sequences. Changes in the chain-level dynamics with increasing charge segregation correlate with changes in conformation. The chain-level and segmental dynamics conform to simple homopolymer models for uniformly charge-patterned sequences but deviate with increasing charge segregation, both in the presence and absence of hydrodynamic interactions. We discuss the significance of these findings, obtained for a model polyampholyte, in the context of a charge-rich intrinsically disordered region of the naturally occurring protein LAF-1. Our findings have important implications for understanding the effects of charge patterning on the dynamics of polyampholytic IDPs in dilute conditions using polymer scaling theories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiv Rekhi
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Young C. Kim
- Center for Materials Physics and Technology, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Michael P. Howard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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13
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Dinic J, Schnorenberg MR, Tirrell MV. Sequence-Controlled Secondary Structures and Stimuli Responsiveness of Bioinspired Polyampholytes. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3798-3809. [PMID: 35969881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study focusing on the influence of the sequence charge pattern on the secondary structure preferences of annealed polyampholytes and their responsiveness to external stimuli is presented. Two sequences are designed composed entirely of ionizable amino acids (charge fraction, f = 1) and an equal number of positive and negative charges (f+ = f- = 0.5) with distinct charge patterns consisting of lysine and glutamic acid monomers. The study reveals that the sequence charge pattern has a significant influence on the secondary structure preferences of polyampholytes at physiological pH. Furthermore, it shows that external stimuli such as pH, ionic strength, and solvent dielectric constant can be used to modulate the secondary structure of the two studied sequences. The observed secondary structure transformations for the two sequences are also substantially different from those determined for uniformly charged homo-polypeptides under matching conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinic
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mathew R Schnorenberg
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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14
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Maity H, Baidya L, Reddy G. Salt-Induced Transitions in the Conformational Ensembles of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5959-5971. [PMID: 35944496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salts modulate the behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and influence the formation of membraneless organelles through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). In low ionic strength solutions, IDP conformations are perturbed by the screening of electrostatic interactions, independent of the salt identity. In this regime, insight into the IDP behavior can be obtained using the theory for salt-induced transitions in charged polymers. However, salt-specific interactions with the charged and uncharged residues, known as the Hofmeister effect, influence IDP behavior in high ionic strength solutions. There is a lack of reliable theoretical models in high salt concentration regimes to predict the salt effect on IDPs. We propose a simulation methodology using a coarse-grained IDP model and experimentally measured water to salt solution transfer free energies of various chemical groups that allowed us to study the salt-specific transitions induced in the IDPs conformational ensemble. We probed the effect of three different monovalent salts on five IDPs belonging to various polymer classes based on charged residue content. We demonstrate that all of the IDPs of different polymer classes behave as self-avoiding walks (SAWs) at physiological salt concentration. In high salt concentrations, the transitions observed in the IDP conformational ensembles are dependent on the salt used and the IDP sequence and composition. Changing the anion with the cation fixed can result in the IDP transition from a SAW-like behavior to a collapsed globule. An important implication of these results is that a suitable salt can be identified to induce condensation of an IDP through LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiranmay Maity
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560012
| | - Lipika Baidya
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560012
| | - Govardhan Reddy
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560012
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15
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Rumyantsev AM, Johner A, Tirrell MV, de Pablo JJ. Unifying Weak and Strong Charge Correlations within the Random Phase Approximation: Polyampholytes of Various Sequences. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem M. Rumyantsev
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Albert Johner
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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16
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Zhang W, Ma Y, Posey ND, Lueckheide MJ, Prabhu VM, Douglas JF. Combined Simulation and Experimental Study of Polyampholyte Solution Properties: Effects of Charge Ratio, Hydrophobic Groups, and Polymer Concentration. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Yuanchi Ma
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Posey
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Michael J. Lueckheide
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vivek M. Prabhu
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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17
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Ghosh K, Huihui J, Phillips M, Haider A. Rules of Physical Mathematics Govern Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Annu Rev Biophys 2022; 51:355-376. [PMID: 35119946 PMCID: PMC9190209 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-120221-095357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In stark contrast to foldable proteins with a unique folded state, intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs) persist in perpetually disordered ensembles. Yet an IDP ensemble has conformational features-even when averaged-that are specific to its sequence. In fact, subtle changes in an IDP sequence can modulate its conformational features and its function. Recent advances in theoretical physics reveal a set of elegant mathematical expressions that describe the intricate relationships among IDP sequences, their ensemble conformations, and the regulation of their biological functions. These equations also describe the molecular properties of IDP sequences that predict similarities and dissimilarities in their functions and facilitate classification of sequences by function, an unmet challenge to traditional bioinformatics. These physical sequence-patterning metrics offer a promising new avenue for advancing synthetic biology at a time when multiple novel functional modes mediated by IDPs are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA,Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan Huihui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Austin Haider
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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18
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Qin HY, Liu Z, Dan Yang X, Liu YQ, Xie R, Ju XJ, Wang W, Chu LY. Pseudo Polyampholytes with Sensitively Ion-Responsive Conformational Transition Based on Positively Charged Host-Guest Complexes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200127. [PMID: 35334130 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biological polyampholytes are ubiquitous in living organisms with primary functions including that serving as transporters for moving chemical molecular species across the cell membranes. Synthetic amphoteric macromolecules that can change their phase states depending on the environment to simulate some properties of natural polyampholytes are of great interests. Here, we explore implementation of synthetic pseudo polymeric ampholytes with ion-recognition-triggered conformational change. The phase transition behaviors of the ion-recognition-creative polyampholytes that containing deprotonated carboxylic acid groups as negative charges and 18-crown-6 units for forming positively charged host-guest complexes are systematically investigated. The ion-recognition-triggered phase transition behaviors of pseudo polyampholytes are significantly dependent on cation species and concentrations. Only those specific ions like K+ , Ba2+ , Sr2+ and Pb2+ ions that can form 1:1 host-guest complexes with 18-crown-6 units in polymers enable to control over the conformational change like that of the traditional pH-dependent polyampholytes. By regulating the content of the carboxylic acid groups to match the content of the ion-recognized positive charges provided by the host-guest complexes, the pseudo polyampholytes are more sensitive to the recognizable cations. Such ion-recognition-triggered amphoteric characteristics make the pseudo polyampholytes acting like biological proteins, nucleic acids and enzymes as molecular transporters, genetic code storage and biocatalysts in artificial systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yue Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xue- Dan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qiong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
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19
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Chae MK, Lee NK, Jung Y, Johner A, Joanny JF. Partially Globular Conformations from Random Charge Sequences. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:382-386. [PMID: 35575372 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Overall charged polymers with quenched charge sequences often adopt partially globular structures which result from the interplay between the disorder in charge sequences and thermal fluctuations. Simple energetic considerations show that structures consisting of alike (equal-size-equal-charge) globules are not favorable: the structures are intrinsically heterogeneous. We predict the globule distributions with the lowest energies in the size-charge space. The favorable structures comprise large (undercharged) and a majority of small (overcharged) globules. These distributions build a well characterized compact subset, which suggests some order. We also perform large scale molecular dynamics simulations on random quenched +/- sequences. Simulation results show that, despite disorder, the random charge sequences preferentially visit the predicted low energy structures and the predicted order emerges in the pearl-size distribution. This good agreement validates a posteriori the simple expression used for the energy. Implications for polyampholytes, polyelectrolytes, and intrinsically disordered proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Chae
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Jung
- Supercomputing Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Albert Johner
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), UPR 22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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20
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Lezov A, Rogozhin V, Donets A, Lezova A, Gubarev A, Vlasov P, Samokhvalova S, Polushina G, Polushin S, Tsvetkov N. Influence of anions on behavior of cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and its copolymer in aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Abdiyev KZ, Maric M, Orynbayev BY, Toktarbay Z, Zhursumbaeva MB, Seitkaliyeva NZ. Flocculating properties of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid-co-allylamine polyampholytic copolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Polymers that feature both positive and negative charges along chains, known as polyampholytes, represent a class of materials that hold promise for a new generation of energy storage devices, the design of which will require knowledge of the underlying structure and dynamics. Here, we develop a theory based on the Rouse model for the dynamic structure factor of a single polyampholyte chain in the weak coupling regime (negligible intramolecular electrostatics) or subjected to weak external electric fields (governed by linear response). Neglecting effects of small ions, we find deviations in scaling from the classic Rouse theory and make predictions for scattering experiments performed on polyampholytes. We find that, under weak coupling with arbitrarily strong fields, the dynamics are highly dependent on the charge distribution and consequently look at two representative examples-random charge densities and periodic charge densities-with different scaling properties. Under weak fields, the dynamics are largely independent of charge distribution. Finally, we investigate the influence of hydrodynamic effects and the implications of including inertial effects in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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23
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Li M, Zhuang B, Yu J. Sequence–Conformation Relationship of Zwitterionic Peptide Brushes: Theories and Simulations. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Bilin Zhuang
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 138527 Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
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24
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Wang H, Ding F, Ma L, Zhang Y. Recent advances in gelatine and chitosan complex material for practical food preservation application. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University) Ministry of Education Chongqing 400715 China
- The Ecological Fishery Technological System of Chongqing Municipal Agricultural and Rural Committee Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Fuyuan Ding
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University) Ministry of Education Chongqing 400715 China
- The Ecological Fishery Technological System of Chongqing Municipal Agricultural and Rural Committee Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University) Ministry of Education Chongqing 400715 China
- The Ecological Fishery Technological System of Chongqing Municipal Agricultural and Rural Committee Chongqing 400715 China
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25
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Trindade SG, da Silveira NP, Loh W. Aggregation Behavior of Asymmetric Diblock Polyampholyte in Aqueous Solution over a Wide Range of pH and Ionic Strength. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suelen G. Trindade
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas (UNICAMP) P.O. Box 6154 Campinas São Paulo 13083‐970 Brazil
| | - Nádya P. da Silveira
- Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) P.O. Box 9500 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul 90650‐001 Brazil
| | - Watson Loh
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas (UNICAMP) P.O. Box 6154 Campinas São Paulo 13083‐970 Brazil
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26
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Rumyantsev A, Johner A, de Pablo JJ. Sequence Blockiness Controls the Structure of Polyampholyte Necklaces. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1048-1054. [PMID: 34476121 PMCID: PMC8397398 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A scaling theory of statistical (Markov) polyampholytes is developed to understand how sequence correlations, that is, the blockiness of positive and negative charges, influences conformational behavior. An increase in the charge patchiness leads to stronger correlation attractions between oppositely charged monomers, but simultaneously, it creates a higher charge imbalance in the polyampholyte. A competition between effective short-range attractions and long-range Coulomb repulsions induces globular, pearl-necklace, or fully stretched chain conformations, depending on the average length of the block of like charges. The necklace structure and the underlying distribution of the net charge are also controlled by the sequence. Sufficiently long blocks allow for charge migration from globular beads (pearls) to strings, thereby providing a nonmonotonic change in the number of necklace beads as the blockiness increases. The sequence-dependent structure of polyampholyte necklaces is confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. The findings presented here provide a framework for understanding the sequence-encoded conformations of synthetic polyampholytes and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem
M. Rumyantsev
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Albert Johner
- Institut
Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034 Cedex
2, France
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United
States
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27
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Dinic J, Marciel AB, Tirrell MV. Polyampholyte physics: Liquid–liquid phase separation and biological condensates. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Ezenwajiaku IH, Hutchinson RA. Effect of Ionization on Aqueous Phase Radical Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid and Cationic Monomers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna H. Ezenwajiaku
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robin A. Hutchinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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29
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Kudaibergenov SE, Okay O. Behaviors of quenched polyampholytes in solution and gel state. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile Satbayev University Almaty Republic of Kazakhstan
- Department of Functional Polymers Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology Almaty Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Oguz Okay
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
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30
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Li X, Cui K, Kurokawa T, Ye YN, Sun TL, Yu C, Creton C, Gong JP. Effect of mesoscale phase contrast on fatigue-delaying behavior of self-healing hydrogels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe8210. [PMID: 33853776 PMCID: PMC8046377 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the fatigue resistance of chemically cross-linked polyampholyte hydrogels with a hierarchical structure due to phase separation and find that the details of the structure, as characterized by SAXS, control the mechanisms of crack propagation. When gels exhibit a strong phase contrast and a low cross-linking level, the stress singularity around the crack tip is gradually eliminated with increasing fatigue cycles and this suppresses crack growth, beneficial for high fatigue resistance. On the contrary, the stress concentration persists in weakly phase-separated gels, resulting in low fatigue resistance. A material parameter, λtran, is identified, correlated to the onset of non-affine deformation of the mesophase structure in a hydrogel without crack, which governs the slow-to-fast transition in fatigue crack growth. The detailed role played by the mesoscale structure on fatigue resistance provides design principles for developing self-healing, tough, and fatigue-resistant soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Li
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ya Nan Ye
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tao Lin Sun
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Costantino Creton
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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Masoumi H, Ghaemi A, Gilani HG. Evaluation of hyper-cross-linked polymers performances in the removal of hazardous heavy metal ions: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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32
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Rumyantsev AM, Jackson NE, Johner A, de Pablo JJ. Scaling Theory of Neutral Sequence-Specific Polyampholytes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem M. Rumyantsev
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Albert Johner
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Jung
- Supercomputing Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Albert Johner
- Institut Charles Sadron CNRS-Unistra, 6 rue Boussingault, Strasbourg Cedex 67083, France
| | - Jean-François Joanny
- Collège de France, 11, place Marcelin-Berthelot, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France
- Physico-chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris Cedex 05 75248, France
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34
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Kudaibergenov SE. Synthetic and natural polyampholytes: Structural and behavioral similarity. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov
- Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology Atyrau Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile Satbayev University Almaty Kazakhstan
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35
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Lee JH, Lee DS, Jung YC, Oh JW, Na YH. Development of a Tough, Self-Healing Polyampholyte Terpolymer Hydrogel Patch with Enhanced Skin Adhesion via Tuning the Density and Strength of Ion-Pair Associations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8889-8900. [PMID: 33587615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyampholyte (PA) hydrogels have great potential for biomedical applications, owing to their high toughness and good self-recovery and self-healing (SELF) behavior in addition to their physical properties similar to human tissue. However, their implementation as practical biomedical skin patches or wearable devices has so far been limited by their insufficient transdermal adhesion strength. In this work, a new polyampholytic terpolymer (PAT) hydrogel with enhanced skin adhesion was developed using a novel and simple strategy that tunes the structure of ion-pair associations (IPAs), acting as cross-links, in the hydrogel via adding an extra neutral monomer component into the network without changing the total charge balance. The PAT hydrogels were synthesized by the terpolymerization of the neutral monomer N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) (or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) as well as the cationic monomer 3-(methacryloylamino) propyl-trimethylammonium chloride (MPTC) and the anionic monomer sodium p-styrenesulfonate (NaSS). Their IPA, which determines their network structure, was modulated by varying the feed concentration of the neutral monomer, Cnm. An increase of Cnm within an optimized Cnm window (0.3-0.4 M) decreased the cross-linking density (strength and density of the IPAs) of the PAT hydrogels, reducing the softening temperature and Young's modulus, which increased compliance but maintained sufficient mechanical strength and thereby maximized the contact surface and enhanced skin adhesion. The DMAAm monomers, compared to the HEMA monomers, produced the higher skin adhesion of the PAT hydrogel, which was explained by the difference in their reactivity to the MPTC and NaSS. This study demonstrated this new method to develop the PAT hydrogels with excellent skin adhesion and biocompatibility while maintaining good toughness, compliance, and SELF behavior and the potential of the PAT hydrogels for biomedical skin patches and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymer Research Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chae Jung
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Ho Na
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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36
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Subbotin AV, Semenov AN. The Structure of Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervates and Multilayers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Subbotin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 29, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Semenov
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS - UPR 22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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37
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North SM, Armes SP. Synthesis of polyampholytic diblock copolymers via RAFT aqueous solution polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01020d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new classes of polyampholytic diblock copolymers are prepared via RAFT aqueous solution polymerization and their aqueous solution behaviour is assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and aqueous electrophoresis measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. North
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - S. P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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38
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Huihui J, Ghosh K. An analytical theory to describe sequence-specific inter-residue distance profiles for polyampholytes and intrinsically disordered proteins. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:161102. [PMID: 32357776 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs), unlike folded proteins, lack a unique folded structure and rapidly interconvert among ensembles of disordered states. However, they have specific conformational properties when averaged over their ensembles of disordered states. It is critical to develop a theoretical formalism to predict these ensemble average conformational properties that are encoded in the IDP sequence (the specific order in which amino acids/residues are linked). We present a general heteropolymer theory that analytically computes the ensemble average distance profiles (⟨Rij 2⟩) between any two (i, j) monomers (amino acids for IDPs) as a function of the sequence. Information rich distance profiles provide a detailed description of the IDP in contrast to typical metrics such as scaling exponents, radius of gyration, or end-to-end distance. This generalized formalism supersedes homopolymer-like models or models that are built only on the composition of amino acids but ignore sequence details. The prediction of these distance profiles for highly charged polyampholytes and naturally occurring IDPs unmasks salient features that are hidden in the sequence. Moreover, the model reveals strategies to modulate the entire distance map to achieve local or global swelling/compaction by subtle changes/modifications-such as phosphorylation, a biologically relevant process-in specific hotspots in the sequence. Sequence-specific distance profiles and their modulation have been benchmarked against all-atom simulations. Our new formalism also predicts residue-pair specific coil-globule transitions. The analytical nature of the theory will facilitate design of new sequences to achieve specific target distance profiles with broad applications in synthetic biology and polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Huihui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA and Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - Kingshuk Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA and Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
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39
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Brocca S, Grandori R, Longhi S, Uversky V. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation by Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions of Viruses: Roles in Viral Life Cycle and Control of Virus-Host Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9045. [PMID: 33260713 PMCID: PMC7730420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are unable to adopt a unique 3D structure under physiological conditions and thus exist as highly dynamic conformational ensembles. IDPs are ubiquitous and widely spread in the protein realm. In the last decade, compelling experimental evidence has been gathered, pointing to the ability of IDPs and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a phenomenon driving the formation of membrane-less organelles (MLOs). These biological condensates play a critical role in the spatio-temporal organization of the cell, where they exert a multitude of key biological functions, ranging from transcriptional regulation and silencing to control of signal transduction networks. After introducing IDPs and LLPS, we herein survey available data on LLPS by IDPs/IDRs of viral origin and discuss their functional implications. We distinguish LLPS associated with viral replication and trafficking of viral components, from the LLPS-mediated interference of viruses with host cell functions. We discuss emerging evidence on the ability of plant virus proteins to interfere with the regulation of MLOs of the host and propose that bacteriophages can interfere with bacterial LLPS, as well. We conclude by discussing how LLPS could be targeted to treat phase separation-associated diseases, including viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Vladimir Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33601, USA
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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40
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Kim YD, Choi S, Kim A, Lee W. Ionic Current Rectification of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) with a Barrier Oxide Layer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13727-13738. [PMID: 32930570 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nanofluidic diodes with highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics are currently of particular interest because of their potential applications in biosensing, separation, energy harvesting, and nanofluidic electronics. We report the ionic current rectification (ICR) characteristics of a porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane, whose one end of the nanochannels is closed by a barrier oxide layer. The membrane exhibits intriguing pH-dependent ion transport characteristics, which cannot be explained by the conventional surface charge governed ionic transport mechanism. We reveal experimentally and theoretically that the space charge density gradient present across the 40-nm-thick barrier oxide is mainly responsible for the evolution of ICR. Based on our findings, we demonstrate the formation of a single 5-8-nm-sized pore in each hexagonal cell of the barrier oxide. The present work would provide valuable information for the design and fabrication of future ultrathin nanofluidic devices without being limited by the engineering of the nanochannel geometry or surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Do Kim
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwook Choi
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ansoon Kim
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Lee
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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41
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Datta LP, Samanta S, Govindaraju T. Polyampholyte-Based Synthetic Chaperone Modulate Amyloid Aggregation and Lithium Delivery. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2812-2826. [PMID: 32816457 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The etiopathogenesis of AD involves the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain, which disrupt the neuronal network and communication, causing neuronal death and severe cognitive impairment. Modulation of Aβ aggregation by exogenous therapeutic agents is considered an effective strategy to treat AD. Frequent failure of drug candidates in various phases of clinical trials reiterates the need for alternative therapeutic strategies for AD treatment. Polyampholytes with cationic and anionic segments are considered as artificial protein mimics capable of modulating the protein misfolding and aggregation. We report a diblock copolymer of tryptophan-functionalized methacrylic acid (PTMA) polyampholyte synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Investigation revealed that PTMA acts as a synthetic chaperone to protect the native structure of the lysozyme under heat-induced aggregation conditions. PTMA effectively modulates Aβ aggregation and rescues neuronal cells. Lithium has been shown to exhibit therapeutic efficacy in chronic neurological diseases including AD. PTMA sequesters and releases lithium ions in response to neuropathological pH stimuli, making it a promising candidate for lithium transport and delivery. The detailed studies demonstrate PTMA as aggregation modulator and lithium carrier with implications for combinational therapy to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Priya Datta
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sourav Samanta
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
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42
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Jurjevec S, Žagar E, Kovačič S. Functional macroporous amphoteric polyelectrolyte monoliths with tunable structures and properties through emulsion-templated synthesis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 575:480-488. [PMID: 32413794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Macroporous polyampholyte hydrogels, simultaneously bearing both the anionic and cationic groups, demonstrate immense promise over the one-sign charged polyelectrolytes, owing to a unique phenomenon known as the ˝anti-polyelectrolyte˝ effect. Thus, they are extremely promising materials, since they remain solvated and functional even in harsh conditions. Furthermore, macroporous morphology significantly enhances polyampholyte response to external stimuli, since it accelerates the solvent transport through the hydrogel. EXPERIMENTS A new templated-synthesis through "HIPE mixtures" is reported, where the two pre-formed high internal phase emulsions (HIPE) containing the oppositely charged monomers (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) were combined in the same mould, which after polymerization result in the formation of macroporous monoliths of different structures. The resulting frameworks were either copolymer or dual homopolymers in the form of bilayered or mixed porous structures. FINDINGS The co- and mixed-amphoteric polyelectrolytes exhibit 'anti-polyelectrolyte' behaviour typical of polyampholytes, while the bilayered-structure behaves like a typical polyelectrolyte. Complete and simultaneous removal of both dyes from a dye mixture was observed for the bilayered- and mixed-amphoteric polyelectrolyte, while copoly-ampholyte showed only partial dye adsorption. These results clearly reveal the benefits of a mutual combination of the HIPE-templated structure and the oppositely charged amphoteric nature in one-piece material as a promising avenue toward advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jurjevec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastijan Kovačič
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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43
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Relevance of Electrostatic Charges in Compactness, Aggregation, and Phase Separation of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176208. [PMID: 32867340 PMCID: PMC7503639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance of intrinsic disorder in the protein realm and its role in a variety of physiological and pathological cellular events have strengthened the interest of the scientific community in understanding the structural and dynamical properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs). Attempts at rationalizing the general principles underlying both conformational properties and transitions of IDPs/IDRs must consider the abundance of charged residues (Asp, Glu, Lys, and Arg) that typifies these proteins, rendering them assimilable to polyampholytes or polyelectrolytes. Their conformation strongly depends on both the charge density and distribution along the sequence (i.e., charge decoration) as highlighted by recent experimental and theoretical studies that have introduced novel descriptors. Published experimental data are revisited herein in the frame of this formalism, in a new and possibly unitary perspective. The physicochemical properties most directly affected by charge density and distribution are compaction and solubility, which can be described in a relatively simplified way by tools of polymer physics. Dissecting factors controlling such properties could contribute to better understanding complex biological phenomena, such as fibrillation and phase separation. Furthermore, this knowledge is expected to have enormous practical implications for the design, synthesis, and exploitation of bio-derived materials and the control of natural biological processes.
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44
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45
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Lin YH, Brady JP, Chan HS, Ghosh K. A unified analytical theory of heteropolymers for sequence-specific phase behaviors of polyelectrolytes and polyampholytes. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:045102. [PMID: 32007034 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical chemistry of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of polymer solutions bears directly on the assembly of biologically functional dropletlike bodies from proteins and nucleic acids. These biomolecular condensates include certain extracellular materials and intracellular compartments that are characterized as "membraneless organelles." Analytical theories are a valuable, computationally efficient tool for addressing general principles. LLPS of neutral homopolymers is quite well described by theory, but it has been a challenge to develop general theories for the LLPS of heteropolymers involving charge-charge interactions. Here, we present a theory that combines a random-phase-approximation treatment of polymer density fluctuations and an account of intrachain conformational heterogeneity based on renormalized Kuhn lengths to provide predictions of LLPS properties as a function of pH, salt, and charge patterning along the chain sequence. Advancing beyond more limited analytical approaches, our LLPS theory is applicable to a wide variety of charged sequences ranging from highly charged polyelectrolytes to neutral or nearly neutral polyampholytes. This theory should be useful in high-throughput screening of protein and other sequences for their LLPS propensities and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive theories that incorporate nonelectrostatic interactions. Experimental ramifications of our theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jacob P Brady
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hue Sun Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kingshuk Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Colorado, Colorado 80208, USA
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46
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Cui K, Ye YN, Sun TL, Yu C, Li X, Kurokawa T, Gong JP. Phase Separation Behavior in Tough and Self-Healing Polyampholyte Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Cui
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ya Nan Ye
- Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tao Lin Sun
- Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Xueyu Li
- Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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47
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Silmore KS, Swan JW. Collective mode Brownian dynamics: A method for fast relaxation of statistical ensembles. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:094104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5129648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James W. Swan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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48
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Application of Nanoscale Zwitterionic Polyelectrolytes Brush with High Stability and Quantum Yield in Aqueous Solution for Cell Imaging. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1942791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic and zwitterionic polyelectrolytes are synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), comprising a polyfluorene backbone with a small fraction of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) side chains. Due to higher charge density generated from grafted side chains, two polymers show higher water solubility and higher quantum yield. In comparison with cationic polyelectrolytes, zwitterionic polyelectrolytes are stable over a broad pH range from 1 to 13, even in 1 M NaCl solution. The absence of FRET between zwitterionic polymers and dye-labeled ssDNA indicates their ultralow nonspecific adsorption, while cationic polymer shows much stronger nonspecific interactions. The MTT assay of zwitterionic polymers exhibits their minimal cytotoxicity and potential in long-term clinical application. Most importantly, zwitterionic polymer could be efficiently taken up by cells, whereas cationic polymer stains the surface of cell due to membrane disruption generated from positive charges. The results illustrate that conjugated zwitterionic polymer could serve as a novel type of highly efficient ultralow fouling material with low cytotoxicity for labelling cell or potential biomedical applications.
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Abstract
Abstract
The macromolecular complexes of random, regular, graft, block and dendritic polyampholytes with respect to transition metal ions, surfactants, dyes, polyelectrolytes, and proteins are discussed in this review. Application aspects of macromolecular complexes of polyampholytes in biotechnology, medicine, nanotechnology, catalysis are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov
- Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology , Almaty , Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Satbayev University , Almaty , Kazakhstan
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50
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Maji S, Jerca VV, Hoogenboom R. Dual pH and thermoresponsive alternating polyampholytes in alcohol/water solvent mixtures. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyampholytes consist of alternating opposite charges were synthesized by alternating RAFT (co)polymerization of cationic and anionic monomers and their pH dependent thermoresponsive behavior in water and alcohol/water solvent mixtures is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarendra Maji
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
| | - Valentin Victor Jerca
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
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