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Liu Y, Li X, Niu X, Yu L, Sha W, Wang W, Yuan Z. In situ self-assembled biosupramolecular porphyrin nanofibers for enhancing photodynamic therapy in tumors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11119-11129. [PMID: 32400786 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10646d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complicated environment and high tissue hydraulic pressure in tumors that easily pumps the nanomedicines back to the systemic circulation, the concentration of released photosensitizers (PSs) retained in a tumor by a traditional nano-delivery system is very low, causing an unsatisfactory photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect. Therefore, we prepared a pH/H2O2-responsive nano-system (ZnP-OC-M) through modified porphyrin PS units with a long-unsaturated oleoyl chloride chain, and by the further introduction of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and MnO2 through a cis-addition reaction between the unsaturated double bonds of oleoyl chloride and dilute KMnO4 solution. Making use of the sensitivity of MnO2 to the H2O2 in the acid environment of tumor cells, ZnP-OC-M selectively realized responsive disintegration and O2 generation. More importantly, the rich amphiphilic PS units were shedded simultaneously and spontaneously completed the self-assembly into nanofibers in situ by helical stacking, which displayed a 1.85-fold higher retention effect of PSs in vivo compared with free PS groups and showed a great tumor inhibition effect in enhancing PDT. This nanosystem effectively solves the problem of the low retention abilities leading to a poor PS concentration in a tumor, prolonging the treatment time window efficiently after only a single administration and achieving the purpose of PDT enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Liu R, An Y, Jia W, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhen Y, Cao J, Gao H. Macrophage-mimic shape changeable nanomedicine retained in tumor for multimodal therapy of breast cancer. J Control Release 2020; 321:589-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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3
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Nikolić MZ, Garrido-Martin EM, Greiffo FR, Fabre A, Heijink IH, Boots A, Greene CM, Hiemstra PS, Bartel S. From the pathophysiology of the human lung alveolus to epigenetic editing: Congress 2018 highlights from ERS Assembly 3 "Basic and Translational Science.". ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00194-2018. [PMID: 31111040 PMCID: PMC6513036 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00194-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress is the largest respiratory congress and brings together leading experts in all fields of respiratory medicine and research. ERS Assembly 3 shapes the basic and translational science aspects of this congress, aiming to combine cutting-edge novel developments in basic research with novel clinical findings. In this article, we summarise a selection of the scientific highlights from the perspective of the three groups within Assembly 3. In particular, we discuss new insights into the pathophysiology of the human alveolus, novel tools in organoid development and (epi)genome editing, as well as insights from the presented abstracts on novel therapeutic targets being identified for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The amount of basic and translational science presented at #ERSCongress is steadily increasing, showing novel cutting-edge technologies and models.http://bit.ly/2GgXIJi
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Z Nikolić
- University College London, Division of Medicine, London, UK.,These contributed equally to this work
| | - Eva M Garrido-Martin
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre - Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,These contributed equally to this work
| | - Flavia R Greiffo
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,These contributed equally to this work
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- University College Dublin, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Depts of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Boots
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Dept of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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Nikolić MZ, Sun D, Rawlins EL. Human lung development: recent progress and new challenges. Development 2018; 145:145/16/dev163485. [PMID: 30111617 PMCID: PMC6124546 DOI: 10.1242/dev.163485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed biologically significant differences between human and mouse lung development, and have reported new in vitro systems that allow experimental manipulation of human lung models. At the same time, emerging clinical data suggest that the origins of some adult lung diseases are found in embryonic development and childhood. The convergence of these research themes has fuelled a resurgence of interest in human lung developmental biology. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of human lung development, which has been profoundly influenced by studies in mice and, more recently, by experiments using in vitro human lung developmental models and RNA sequencing of human foetal lung tissue. Together, these approaches are helping to shed light on the mechanisms underlying human lung development and disease, and may help pave the way for new therapies. Summary: This Review describes how recent technological advances have shed light on the mechanisms underlying human lung development and disease, and outlines the future challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Z Nikolić
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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5
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De Paepe ME, V Benny MK, Priolo L, Luks FI, Shapiro S. Florid Intussusceptive-like Microvascular Dysangiogenesis in a Preterm Lung. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017; 20:432-439. [PMID: 28812466 DOI: 10.1177/1093526616686455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms underlying the microvascular dysangiogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease of the newborn) remain largely undetermined. We report unusual pulmonary vascular findings in a 27-week-gestation male newborn who died on the second day of life from intractable respiratory failure, following a pregnancy complicated by prolonged membrane rupture and persistent severe oligohydramnios. As expected, postmortem examination revealed pulmonary hypoplasia (lung/body weight ratio: 2.23%; 10th percentile for 27 weeks: 2.59%). In addition, lung microscopy revealed complex networks of non-sprouting, tortuous, and bulbously dilated capillaries, randomly distributed in widened airspace septa. Anti-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry demonstrated immunoreactive central densities within capillary lumina, suggestive of intravascular pillar formation. The plexus-forming, non-sprouting type of angiogenesis and apparent transluminal pillar formation are consistent with intussusceptive ("longitudinal splitting") angiogenesis. In concordance with previous observations made in human fetal lung xenografts, these findings support the notion that human postcanalicular lungs have the capacity to switch from sprouting to non-sprouting, intussusceptive-like angiogenesis, possibly representing an adaptive response activated by hemodynamic flow alterations and/or hypoxia. The possible relationship between the intussusceptive-like vascular changes observed in this case and the microvascular dysangiogenesis characteristic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E De Paepe
- 1 Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA.,2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Lauren Priolo
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA
| | - Francois I Luks
- 4 Department of Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Svetlana Shapiro
- 1 Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA
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Wang W, Pan D, Fu W, Cai L, Ye J, Liu J, Liu C, Huang X, Lin Y, Xia N, Cheng T, Zhu H. A SCID mouse-human lung xenograft model of varicella-zoster virus infection. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:45-53. [PMID: 28827121 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Varicella pneumonia is one of the most serious, potentially life-threatening complications of primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in adults and immunocompromised individuals. However, studies on the lung pathogenesis of VZV infection as well as development and testing of antivirals have long been hindered by limited access to clinical samples and a lack of suitable animal models. In this study, we report for the first time the use of human lung xenografts in SCID mice for investigating VZV infection. Human fetal lung tissues grafted under the kidney capsule of SCID mice rapidly grew and developed mature structures closely resembling normal human lung. Following infection, VZV replicated and spread efficiently in human lung xenografts, where the virus targeted both alveolar epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and resulted in formation of large viral lesions. VZV particles were readily detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm of infected lung cells by electron microscopy. Additionally, VZV infection resulted in a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response in human lung xenografts. In conclusion, infecting human lung xenografts in SCID mice provides a useful, biological relevant tool for future mechanistic studies on VZV lung pathogenesis, and may potentially facilitate the evaluation of new antiviral therapies for VZV lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dequan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenkun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Linli Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USA
| | - Che Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiumin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yanzhen Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USA.
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De Paepe ME, Chu S, Hall SJ, McDonnell-Clark E, Heger NE, Schorl C, Mao Q, Boekelheide K. Intussusceptive-like angiogenesis in human fetal lung xenografts: Link with bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated microvascular dysangiogenesis? Exp Lung Res 2016; 41:477-88. [PMID: 26495956 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human fetal lung xenografts display an unusual pattern of non-sprouting, plexus-forming angiogenesis that is reminiscent of the dysmorphic angioarchitecture described in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological correlates, growth characteristics and molecular regulation of this aberrant form of graft angiogenesis. METHODS Fetal lung xenografts, derived from 12 previable fetuses (15 to 22 weeks' gestation) and engrafted in the renal subcapsular space of SCID-beige mice, were analyzed 4 weeks posttransplantation for morphology, vascularization, proliferative activity and gene expression. RESULTS Focal plexus-forming angiogenesis (PFA) was observed in 60/230 (26%) of xenografts. PFA was characterized by a complex network of tortuous nonsprouting vascular structures with low endothelial proliferative activity, suggestive of intussusceptive-type angiogenesis. There was no correlation between the occurrence of PFA and gestational age or time interval between delivery and engraftment. PFA was preferentially localized in the relatively hypoxic central subcapsular area. Microarray analysis suggested altered expression of 15 genes in graft regions with PFA, of which 7 are known angiogenic/lymphangiogenic regulators and 5 are known hypoxia-inducible genes. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed significant upregulation of SULF2, IGF2, and HMOX1 in graft regions with PFA. CONCLUSION These observations in human fetal lungs ex vivo suggest that postcanalicular lungs can switch from sprouting angiogenesis to an aberrant intussusceptive-type of angiogenesis that is highly reminiscent of BPD-associated dysangiogenesis. While circumstantial evidence suggests hypoxia may be implicated, the exact triggering mechanisms, molecular regulation and clinical implications of this angiogenic switch in preterm lungs in vivo remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E De Paepe
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Sharon Chu
- b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Susan J Hall
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Elizabeth McDonnell-Clark
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Nicholas E Heger
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Christoph Schorl
- c Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Quanfu Mao
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
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Huse SM, Gruppuso PA, Boekelheide K, Sanders JA. Patterns of gene expression and DNA methylation in human fetal and adult liver. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:981. [PMID: 26589361 PMCID: PMC4654795 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is an important epigenetic control mechanism that has been shown to be associated with gene silencing through the course of development, maturation and aging. However, only limited data are available regarding the relationship between methylation and gene expression in human development. RESULTS We analyzed the methylome and transcriptome of three human fetal liver samples (gestational age 20-22 weeks) and three adult human liver samples. Genes whose expression differed between fetal and adult numbered 7,673. Adult overexpression was associated with metabolic pathways and, in particular, cytochrome P450 enzymes while fetal overexpression reflected enrichment for DNA replication and repair. Analysis for DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium 450 K HumanMethylation BeadChip showed that 42% of the quality filtered 426,154 methylation sites differed significantly between adult and fetal tissue (q ≤ 0.05). Differences were small; 69% of the significant sites differed in their mean methylation beta value by ≤0.2. There was a trend among all sites toward higher methylation in the adult samples with the most frequent difference in beta being 0.1. Characterization of the relationship between methylation and expression revealed a clear difference between fetus and adult. Methylation of genes overexpressed in fetal liver showed the same pattern as seen for genes that were similarly expressed in fetal and adult liver. In contrast, adult overexpressed genes showed fetal hypermethylation that differed from the similarly expressed genes. An examination of gene region-specific methylation showed that sites proximal to the transcription start site or within the first exon with a significant fetal-adult difference in beta (>0.2) showed an inverse relationship with gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the CpGs in human liver show a significant difference in methylation comparing fetal and adult samples. Sites proximal to the transcription start site or within the first exon that show a transition from hypermethylation in the fetus to hypomethylation or intermediate methylation in the adult are associated with inverse changes in gene expression. In contrast, increases in methylation going from fetal to adult are not associated with fetal-to-adult decreased expression. These findings indicate fundamentally different roles for and/or regulation of DNA methylation in human fetal and adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Huse
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Philip A Gruppuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sanders
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Accelerated Maturation of Human Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Progenitor Cells into Insulin-Secreting Cells in Immunodeficient Rats Relative to Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:1081-1096. [PMID: 26677767 PMCID: PMC4682152 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential source of transplantable cells for treating patients with diabetes. To investigate the impact of the host recipient on hESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cell maturation, cells were transplanted into immunodeficient SCID-beige mice or nude rats. Following the transplant, basal human C-peptide levels were consistently higher in mice compared with rats, but only rats showed robust meal- and glucose-responsive human C-peptide secretion by 19–21 weeks. Grafts from rats contained a higher proportion of insulin:glucagon immunoreactivity, fewer exocrine cells, and improved expression of mature β cell markers compared with mice. Moreover, ECM-related genes were enriched, the collagen network was denser, and blood vessels were more intricately integrated into the engrafted endocrine tissue in rats relative to mice. Overall, hESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells matured faster in nude rats compared with SCID-beige mice, indicating that the host recipient can greatly influence the fate of immature pancreatic progenitor cells post-transplantation. hESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells matured faster in nude rats than in SCID-bg mice Human C-peptide secretion was meal-regulated in rats but not in mice at 19 weeks Grafts from rats expressed more mature β cell markers compared with mice Grafts from rats had a denser ECM and greater vasculature than grafts from mice
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Spade DJ, McDonnell EV, Heger NE, Sanders JA, Saffarini CM, Gruppuso PA, De Paepe ME, Boekelheide K. Xenotransplantation models to study the effects of toxicants on human fetal tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:410-22. [PMID: 25477288 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases that manifest throughout the lifetime are influenced by factors affecting fetal development. Fetal exposure to xenobiotics, in particular, may influence the development of adult diseases. Established animal models provide systems for characterizing both developmental biology and developmental toxicology. However, animal model systems do not allow researchers to assess the mechanistic effects of toxicants on developing human tissue. Human fetal tissue xenotransplantation models have recently been implemented to provide human-relevant mechanistic data on the many tissue-level functions that may be affected by fetal exposure to toxicants. This review describes the development of human fetal tissue xenotransplant models for testis, prostate, lung, liver, and adipose tissue, aimed at studying the effects of xenobiotics on tissue development, including implications for testicular dysgenesis, prostate disease, lung disease, and metabolic syndrome. The mechanistic data obtained from these models can complement data from epidemiology, traditional animal models, and in vitro studies to quantify the risks of toxicant exposures during human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Spade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Garcia B, Francois-Vaughan H, Onikoyi O, Kostadinov S, De Paepe ME, Gruppuso PA, Sanders JA. Xenotransplantation of human fetal adipose tissue: a model of in vivo adipose tissue expansion and adipogenesis. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2685-91. [PMID: 25193996 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity during childhood and beyond may have its origins during fetal or early postnatal life. At present, there are no suitable in vivo experimental models to study factors that modulate or perturb human fetal white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, remodeling, development, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, or epigenetics. We have developed such a model. It involves the xenotransplantation of midgestation human WAT into the renal subcapsular space of immunocompromised SCID-beige mice. After an initial latency period of approximately 2 weeks, the tissue begins expanding. The xenografts are healthy and show robust expansion and angiogenesis for at least 2 months following transplantation. Data and cell size and gene expression are consistent with active angiogenesis. The xenografts maintain the expression of genes associated with differentiated adipocyte function. In contrast to the fetal tissue, adult human WAT does not engraft. The long-term viability and phenotypic maintenance of fetal adipose tissue following xenotransplantation may be a function of its autonomous high rates of adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Through the manipulation of the host mice, this model system offers the opportunity to study the mechanisms by which nutrients and other environmental factors affect human adipose tissue development and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Garcia
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Heather Francois-Vaughan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Omobola Onikoyi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Stefan Kostadinov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Monique E De Paepe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Philip A Gruppuso
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Jennifer A Sanders
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
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Geng Y, Li L, Dong Y, Liu X, Li XH, Ning W. Impaired elastin deposition in Fstl1-/- lung allograft under the renal capsule. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81368. [PMID: 24282586 PMCID: PMC3839892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar development in late gestation is a process important to postnatal survival. Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is a matricellular protein of the Bmp antagonist class, which is involved in the differentiation/maturation of alveolar epithelial cells during saccular stage of lung development. This study investigates the role of Fstl1 on elastin deposition in mesenchyme and subsequent secondary septation in the late gestation stage of terminal saccular formation. To this aim, we modified the renal capsule allograft model for lung organ culture by grafting diced E15.5 distal lung underneath the renal capsule of syngeneic host and cultured up to 7 days. The saccular development of the diced lung allografts, as indicated by the morphology, epithelial and vascular developments, occurred in a manner similar to that in utero. Fstl1 deficiency caused atelectatic phenotype companied by impaired epithelial differentiation in D3 Fstl1−/− lung allografts, which is similar to that of E18.5 Fstl1−/− lungs, supporting the role of Fstl1 during saccular stage. Inhibition of Bmp signaling by intraperitoneal injection of dorsomorphin in the host mice rescued the pulmonary atelectasis of D3 Fstl1−/− allografts. Furthermore, a marked reduction in elastin expression and deposition was observed in walls of air sacs of E18.5 Fstl1−/− lungs and at the tips of the developing alveolar septae of D7 Fstl1−/− allografts. Thus, in addition to its role on alveolar epithelium, Fstl1 is crucial for elastin expression and deposition in mesenchyme during lung alveologenesis. Our data demonstrates that the modified renal capsule allograft model for lung organ culture is a robust and efficient technique to increase our understanding of saccular stage of lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-He Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Ning
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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