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Gohal G, Yassin A, Darraj H, Darraj A, Maghrabi R, Abutalib YB, Talebi S, Mutaen AA, Hamdi S. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Childhood Asthma in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. J Asthma Allergy 2024; 17:33-43. [PMID: 38268533 PMCID: PMC10807271 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s443759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of asthma among children has been on the rise worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Our study was conducted to determine the prevalence of asthma and its related risk factors among school-age children in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Method The study was a cross-sectional prospective study that used Phase I ISAAC protocol and was conducted from March to June 2023. The sample size was calculated to be 1600 among school-age children in the Jazan Region Saudi Arabia. This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, Descriptive statistics were calculated for study variables, and appropriate tests of significance were performed to determine statistical significance. Results The total study population was 1368 the majority of them, 96.6% (n=1321), were Saudi nationals, and most of them lived in rural areas (70.6%, n=966). The prevalence of life-long wheezing, wheezing in the last 12 months, and exercise-induced wheezing was 28.0%, 29.2%, and 30.9%, respectively. Risk factors such as having indoor plants, having a pet, and a smoker in the household were reported by 48.0%, 24.6%, and 36.4% of participants, respectively. Living near an industrial area was determined as a risk factor in 98 (7.2%) of the children. Asthma-related symptoms were strongly correlated with all risk factors based on the chi-square test, and some risk factors based on multivariate linear regression. Conclusion The prevalence of asthma among children in the Jazan Region is higher than previously reported, and the reported risk factors are significantly correlated with symptoms of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gassem Gohal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuobaida Yassin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Darraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Darraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Maghrabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Talebi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sulaiman Hamdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Antonisamy B, Shailesh H, Hani Y, Ahmed LHM, Noor S, Ahmed SY, Alfaki M, Muhayimana A, Jacob SS, Balayya SK, Soloviov O, Liu L, Mathew LS, Wang K, Tomei S, Al Massih A, Mathew R, Karim MY, Ramanjaneya M, Worgall S, Janahi IA. Sphingolipids in Childhood Asthma and Obesity (SOAP Study): A Protocol of a Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:1146. [PMID: 37999242 PMCID: PMC10673587 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and obesity are two of the most common chronic conditions in children and adolescents. There is increasing evidence that sphingolipid metabolism is altered in childhood asthma and is linked to airway hyperreactivity. Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism is also reported in obesity. However, the functional link between sphingolipid metabolism, asthma, and obesity is not completely understood. This paper describes the protocol of an ongoing study on sphingolipids that aims to examine the pathophysiology of sphingolipids in childhood asthma and obesity. In addition, this study aims to explore the novel biomarkers through a comprehensive multi-omics approach including genomics, genome-wide DNA methylation, RNA-Seq, microRNA (miRNA) profiling, lipidomics, metabolomics, and cytokine profiling. This is a cross-sectional study aiming to recruit 440 children from different groups: children with asthma and normal weight (n = 100), asthma with overweight or obesity (n = 100), overweight or obesity (n = 100), normal weight (n = 70), and siblings of asthmatic children with normal weight, overweight, or obesity (n = 70). These participants will be recruited from the pediatric pulmonology, pediatric endocrinology, and general pediatric outpatient clinics at Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. Information will be obtained from self-reported questionnaires on asthma, quality of life, food frequency (FFQ), and a 3-day food diary that are completed by the children and their parents. Clinical measurements will include anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemistry, bioelectrical impedance, and pulmonary function tests. Blood samples will be obtained for sphingolipid analysis, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) assay, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), genome-wide DNA methylation study, RNA-Seq, miRNA profiling, metabolomics, lipidomics, and cytokine analysis. Group comparisons of continuous outcome variables will be carried out by a one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test using an appropriate pairwise multiple comparison test. The chi-squared test or a Fisher's exact test will be used to test the associations between categorical variables. Finally, multivariate analysis will be carried out to integrate the clinical data with multi-omics data. This study will help us to understand the role of dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism in obesity and asthma. In addition, the multi-omics data from the study will help to identify novel genetic and epigenetic signatures, inflammatory markers, and mechanistic pathways that link asthma and obesity in children. Furthermore, the integration of clinical and multi-omics data will help us to uncover the potential interactions between these diseases and to offer a new paradigm for the treatment of pediatric obesity-associated asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Harshita Shailesh
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Yahya Hani
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Lina Hayati M. Ahmed
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Safa Noor
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Salma Yahya Ahmed
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohamed Alfaki
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Abidan Muhayimana
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Shana Sunny Jacob
- Analytical Chemistry Core, Advanced Diagnostic Core Facilities, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (S.S.J.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Saroja Kotegar Balayya
- Analytical Chemistry Core, Advanced Diagnostic Core Facilities, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (S.S.J.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Oleksandr Soloviov
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (O.S.); (L.L.); (L.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Li Liu
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (O.S.); (L.L.); (L.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Lisa Sara Mathew
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (O.S.); (L.L.); (L.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Kun Wang
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (O.S.); (L.L.); (L.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Sara Tomei
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (S.T.); (A.A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Alia Al Massih
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (S.T.); (A.A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rebecca Mathew
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (S.T.); (A.A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Mohammed Yousuf Karim
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar;
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Ibrahim A. Janahi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (B.A.); (H.S.); (Y.H.); (L.H.M.A.); (S.N.); (S.Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
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Stephenson N, Espaillat A, Loughlin CE. Pediatric pulmonology 2022 year in review: Asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:3032-3037. [PMID: 37642280 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, new research studies influenced the field of pediatric asthma with improvements in diagnosis and evaluation; new treatment options including biologic therapies; changes in risk factors for asthma; and increased discussion about the impact of social determinants of health on asthma. Additionally, three years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to see the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus on pediatric asthma care. In this review article, we summarize the significant findings from publications in Pediatric Pulmonology and other relevant journals from the last year. We hope this review will provide new insight within the field of pediatric asthma, as well as guidance for implementation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stephenson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andre Espaillat
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ceila E Loughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Khan T, Ledoux IM, Aziz F, Al Ali F, Chin-Smith E, Ata M, Karim MY, Marr N. Associations between HLA class II alleles and IgE sensitization to allergens in the Qatar Biobank cohort. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100117. [PMID: 37779520 PMCID: PMC10509938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Allergic disorders are the consequence of IgE sensitization to allergens. Population studies have shown that certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are associated with increased or decreased risk of developing allergy. Objective We aimed to characterize the relationship between HLA class II allelic diversity and IgE sensitization in an understudied Arab population. Methods We explored associations between IgE sensitization to 7 allergen mixes and mesquite (comprising 41 food or aeroallergens) and 45 common classical HLA class II alleles in a well-defined cohort of 797 individuals representing the general adult population of Qatari nationals and long-term residents. To do so, we performed HLA calling from whole genome sequencing data at 2-field resolution using 2 independent algorithms. We then applied 3 different regression models to assess either each allergen mix independently, in the context of IgE sensitization to other allergens tested, or polysensitization. Results More than half (n = 447) of the study participants showed IgE sensitization to at least 1 allergen, most of them (n = 400) to aeroallergens (Phadiatop). We identified statistically significant negative and positive associations with 24 HLA class II alleles. These have been reported to confer risk or protection from variety of diseases; however, only a few have previously been associated with allergy in other populations. Conclusions Our study reveals several new risk and protective genetic markers for allergen-specific IgE sensitization. This is a first and essential step toward a better understanding of the origins of allergic diseases in this understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taushif Khan
- Department of Human Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computational Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Conn
| | | | - Ferdousey Aziz
- the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Al Ali
- Department of Human Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Manar Ata
- Department of Human Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Yousuf Karim
- the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- the College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nico Marr
- Department of Human Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
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