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Alfaro-Murillo JA, Townsend JP. Pairwise and higher-order epistatic effects among somatic cancer mutations across oncogenesis. Math Biosci 2023; 366:109091. [PMID: 37996064 PMCID: PMC10847963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer occurs as a consequence of multiple somatic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth. Mutual exclusivity and co-occurrence of mutations imply-but do not prove-that mutations exert synergistic or antagonistic epistatic effects on oncogenesis. Knowledge of these interactions, and the consequent trajectories of mutation and selection that lead to cancer has been a longstanding goal within the cancer research community. Recent research has revealed mutation rates and scaled selection coefficients for specific recurrent variants across many cancer types. However, there are no current methods to quantify the strength of selection incorporating pairwise and higher-order epistatic effects on selection within the trajectory of likely cancer genotoypes. Therefore, we have developed a continuous-time Markov chain model that enables the estimation of mutation origination and fixation (flux), dependent on somatic cancer genotype. Coupling this continuous-time Markov chain model with a deconvolution approach provides estimates of underlying mutation rates and selection across the trajectory of oncogenesis. We demonstrate computation of fluxes and selection coefficients in a somatic evolutionary model for the four most frequently variant driver genes (TP53, LRP1B, KRAS and STK11) from 565 cases of lung adenocarcinoma. Our analysis reveals multiple antagonistic epistatic effects that reduce the possible routes of oncogenesis, and inform cancer research regarding viable trajectories of somatic evolution whose progression could be forestalled by precision medicine. Synergistic epistatic effects are also identified, most notably in the somatic genotype TP53 LRP1B for mutations in the KRAS gene, and in somatic genotypes containing KRAS or TP53 mutations for mutations in the STK11 gene. Large positive fluxes of KRAS variants were driven by large selection coefficients, whereas the flux toward LRP1B mutations was substantially aided by a large mutation rate for this gene. The approach enables inference of the most likely routes of site-specific variant evolution and estimation of the strength of selection operating on each step along the route, a key component of what we need to know to develop and implement personalized cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Alfaro-Murillo
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
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2
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Montero-Calle A, Garranzo-Asensio M, Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Poves C, Dziaková J, Sanz R, Díaz del Arco C, Pingarrón JM, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Campuzano S, Barderas R. p53 and p63 Proteoforms Derived from Alternative Splicing Possess Differential Seroreactivity in Colorectal Cancer with Distinct Diagnostic Ability from the Canonical Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072102. [PMID: 37046764 PMCID: PMC10092954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The detection in plasma samples of autoantibodies against specific tumor-associated antigens has been demonstrated to be useful for the early diagnosis of CRC by liquid biopsy. However, new studies related to the humoral immune response in cancer are needed to enable blood-based diagnosis of the disease. Here, our aim was to characterize the humoral immune response associated with the different p53 and p63 proteoforms derived from alternative splicing and previously described as aberrantly expressed in CRC. Thus, here we investigated the diagnostic ability of the twelve p53 proteoforms and the eight p63 proteoforms described to date, and their specific N-terminal and C-terminal end peptides, by means of luminescence HaloTag beads immunoassays. Full-length proteoforms or specific peptides were cloned as HaloTag fusion proteins and their seroreactivity analyzed using plasma from CRC patients at stages I-IV (n = 31), individuals with premalignant lesions (n = 31), and healthy individuals (n = 48). p53γ, Δ40p53β, Δ40p53γ, Δ133p53γ, Δ160p53γ, TAp63α, TAp63δ, ΔNp63α, and ΔNp63δ, together with the specific C-terminal end α and δ p63 peptides, were found to be more seroreactive against plasma from CRC patients and/or individuals with premalignant lesions than from healthy individuals. In addition, ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves revealed a high diagnostic ability of those p53 and p63 proteoforms to detect CRC and premalignant individuals (AUC higher than 85%). Finally, electrochemical biosensing platforms were employed in POC-like devices to investigate their usefulness for CRC detection using selected p53 and p63 proteoforms. Our results demonstrate not only the potential of these biosensors for the simultaneous analysis of proteoforms’ seroreactivity, but also their convenience and versatility for the clinical detection of CRC by liquid biopsy. In conclusion, we here show that p53 and p63 proteoforms possess differential seroreactivity in CRC patients in comparison to controls, distinctive from canonical proteins, which should improve the diagnostic panels for obtaining a blood-based biomarker signature for CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - María Garranzo-Asensio
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.T.-R.); (V.R.-V.M.); (J.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Víctor Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.T.-R.); (V.R.-V.M.); (J.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Carmen Poves
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jana Dziaková
- Surgical Digestive Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Sanz
- Surgical Digestive Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz del Arco
- Surgical Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain (M.J.F.-A.)
| | - José Manuel Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.T.-R.); (V.R.-V.M.); (J.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.T.-R.); (V.R.-V.M.); (J.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Barpanda A, Tuckley C, Ray A, Banerjee A, Duttagupta SP, Kantharia C, Srivastava S. A protein microarray-based serum proteomic investigation reveals distinct autoantibody signature in colorectal cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200062. [PMID: 36408811 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The 5-year annual survival is around 50%, mainly due to late diagnosis, striking necessity for early detection. This study aims to identify autoantibody in patients' sera for early screening of cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study used a high-density human proteome array with approximately 17,000 recombinant proteins. Screening of sera from healthy individuals, CRC from Indian origin, and CRC from middle-east Asia origin were performed. Bio-statistical analysis was performed to identify significant autoantibodies altered. Pathway analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanism of the disease. RESULTS The comprehensive proteomic analysis revealed dysregulation of 15 panels of proteins including CORO7, KCNAB1, WRAP53, NDUFS6, KRT30, and COLGALT2. Further biological pathway analysis for the top dysregulated autoantigenic proteins revealed perturbation in important biological pathways such as ECM degradation and cytoskeletal remodeling etc. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The generation of an autoimmune response against cancer-linked pathways could be linked to the screening of the disease. The process of immune surveillance can be detected at an early stage of cancer. Moreover, AAbs can be easily extracted from blood serum through the least invasive test for disease screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Barpanda
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chaitanya Tuckley
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Arka Ray
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhartha P Duttagupta
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chetan Kantharia
- Department of surgical gastroenterology at King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G. S. Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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4
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Wade J, Rimbault C, Ali H, Ledsgaard L, Rivera-de-Torre E, Abou Hachem M, Boddum K, Mirza N, Bohn MF, Sakya SA, Ruso-Julve F, Andersen JT, Laustsen AH. Generation of Multivalent Nanobody-Based Proteins with Improved Neutralization of Long α-Neurotoxins from Elapid Snakes. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1494-1504. [PMID: 35875886 PMCID: PMC9389527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recombinantly produced biotherapeutics hold promise for
improving
the current standard of care for snakebite envenoming over conventional
serotherapy. Nanobodies have performed well in the clinic, and in
the context of antivenom, they have shown the ability to neutralize
long α-neurotoxins in vivo. Here, we showcase
a protein engineering approach to increase the valence and hydrodynamic
size of neutralizing nanobodies raised against a long α-neurotoxin
(α-cobratoxin) from the venom of the monocled cobraNaja kaouthia. Based on the p53 tetramerization domain,
a panel of anti-α-cobratoxin nanobody-p53 fusion proteins, termed
Quads, were produced with different valences, inclusion or exclusion
of Fc regions for endosomal recycling purposes, hydrodynamic sizes,
and spatial arrangements, comprising up to 16 binding sites. Measurements
of binding affinity and stoichiometry showed that the nanobody binding
affinity was retained when incorporated into the Quad scaffold, and
all nanobody domains were accessible for toxin binding, subsequently
displaying increased blocking potency in vitro compared
to the monomeric format. Moreover, functional assessment using automated
patch-clamp assays demonstrated that the nanobody and Quads displayed
neutralizing effects against long α-neurotoxins from both N. kaouthia and the forest cobra N.
melanoleuca. This engineering approach offers a means
of altering the valence, endosomal recyclability, and hydrodynamic
size of existing nanobody-based therapeutics in a simple plug-and-play
fashion and can thus serve as a technology for researchers tailoring
therapeutic properties for improved neutralization of soluble targets
such as snake toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Wade
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Rimbault
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanif Ali
- Quadrucept Bio Ltd., Kemp House, 152 City Road, London EC1V 2NX, United Kingdom
| | - Line Ledsgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim Boddum
- Sophion Bioscience, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Nadia Mirza
- Fida Biosystems ApS, DK-2860 Søborg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus-Frederik Bohn
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Siri A. Sakya
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fulgencio Ruso-Julve
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Fritz ZR, Schloss RS, Yarmush ML, Williams LJ. HSymM-guided engineering of the immunodominant p53 transactivation domain putative peptide antigen for improved binding to its anti-p53 monoclonal antibody. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 51:128341. [PMID: 34454062 PMCID: PMC8526406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel engineering strategy to improve autoantibody detection with peptide fragments derived from the parent antigen is presented. The model system studied was the binding of the putative p53 TAD peptide antigen (residues 46-55) to its cognate anti-p53 antibody, ab28. Each engineered peptide contained the full decapeptide epitope and differed only in the flanking regions. Since minimal structural information was available to guide the design, a simple epitope:paratope binding model was applied. The Hidden Symmetry Model, which we recently reported, was used to guide peptide design and estimate per-residue contributions to interaction free energy as a function of added C- and N-terminal flanking peptides. Twenty-four peptide constructs were designed, synthesized, and assessed for binding affinity to ab28 by surface plasmon resonance, and a subset of these peptides were evaluated in a simulated immunoassay for limit of detection. Many peptides exhibited over 200-fold enhancements in binding affinity and improved limits of detection. The epitope was reevaluated and is proposed to be the undecapeptide corresponding to residues 45-55. HSymM calculated binding free energy and experimental data were found to be in good agreement (R2 > 0.75).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Fritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Lawrence J Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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6
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Mutated p53 in HGSC-From a Common Mutation to a Target for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143465. [PMID: 34298679 PMCID: PMC8304959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC), the most common and the deadliest subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, is characterized by frequent mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, encoding for the p53 protein in nearly 100% of cases. This makes p53 the focus of many studies trying to understand its role in HGSC. The aim of our review paper is to provide updates on the latest findings related to the role of mutant p53 in HGSC. This includes the clinical outcomes of TP53 mutations in HGSC, upstream regulators and downstream effectors of p53, its function in the earliest stages of HGSC development and in the interplay between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. We summarize with the likelihood of p53 mutants to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and as targets for therapy in HGSC. Abstract Mutations in tumor suppressor gene TP53, encoding for the p53 protein, are the most ubiquitous genetic variation in human ovarian HGSC, the most prevalent and lethal histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The majority of TP53 mutations are missense mutations, leading to loss of tumor suppressive function of p53 and gain of new oncogenic functions. This review presents the clinical relevance of TP53 mutations in HGSC, elaborating on several recently identified upstream regulators of mutant p53 that control its expression and downstream target genes that mediate its roles in the disease. TP53 mutations are the earliest genetic alterations during HGSC pathogenesis, and we summarize current information related to p53 function in the pathogenesis of HGSC. The role of p53 is cell autonomous, and in the interaction between cancer cells and its microenvironment. We discuss the reduction in p53 expression levels in tumor associated fibroblasts that promotes cancer progression, and the role of mutated p53 in the interaction between the tumor and its microenvironment. Lastly, we discuss the potential of TP53 mutations to serve as diagnostic biomarkers and detail some more advanced efforts to use mutated p53 as a therapeutic target in HGSC.
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7
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Tracking the Antibody Immunome in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer by Using Antigen Self-Assembled Protein Arrays. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112718. [PMID: 34072782 PMCID: PMC8198956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunome in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer as source for biomarkers. Hence, a self-assembled protein array has been designed and developed to perform a serum screening to determined specific immune response against tumor antigens proteins as potential diagnostics biomarker panel. Abstract Sporadic Colorectal Cancer (sCRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the Western world, and the sCRC patients presenting with synchronic metastasis have the poorest prognosis. Genetic alterations accumulated in sCRC tumor cells translate into mutated proteins and/or abnormal protein expression levels, which contribute to the development of sCRC. Then, the tumor-associated proteins (TAAs) might induce the production of auto-antibodies (aAb) via humoral immune response. Here, Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays (NAPPArray) are employed to identify aAb in plasma samples from a set of 50 sCRC patients compared to seven healthy donors. Our goal was to establish a systematic workflow based on NAPPArray to define differential aAb profiles between healthy individuals and sCRC patients as well as between non-metastatic (n = 38) and metastatic (n = 12) sCRC, in order to gain insight into the role of the humoral immune system in controlling the development and progression of sCRC. Our results showed aAb profile based on 141 TAA including TAAs associated with biological cellular processes altered in genesis and progress of sCRC (e.g., FSCN1, VTI2 and RPS28) that discriminated healthy donors vs. sCRC patients. In addition, the potential capacity of discrimination (between non-metastatic vs. metastatic sCRC) of 7 TAAs (USP5, ML4, MARCKSL1, CKMT1B, HMOX2, VTI2, TP53) have been analyzed individually in an independent cohort of sCRC patients, where two of them (VTI2 and TP53) were validated (AUC ~75%). In turn, these findings provided novel insights into the immunome of sCRC, in combination with transcriptomics profiles and protein antigenicity characterizations, wich might lead to the identification of novel sCRC biomarkers that might be of clinical utility for early diagnosis of the tumor. These results explore the immunomic analysis as potent source for biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic value in CRC. Additional prospective studies in larger series of patients are required to confirm the clinical utility of these novel sCRC immunomic biomarkers.
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8
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Hurley LC, Levin NK, Chatterjee M, Coles J, Muszkat S, Howarth Z, Dyson G, Tainsky MA. Evaluation of paraneoplastic antigens reveals TRIM21 autoantibodies as biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer in combination with autoantibodies to NY-ESO-1 and TP53. Cancer Biomark 2020; 27:407-421. [PMID: 32083570 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. This study evaluates autoantibodies against tumor antigens to identify candidate biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer in women at increased risk. OBJECTIVE To assess the immunoreactivity of paraneoplastic antigens and tumor associated antigens with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) samples. METHODS Five paraneoplastic antigens along with three tumor-associated antigens were evaluated with HGSOC patient serum samples. Validation screening was performed with n= 164 serum samples consisting of: 50 late stage HGSOC, 14 early stage HGSOC, 50 benign ovarian cyst, and 50 healthy control samples on ELISA and western blot. The four markers TRIM21, NY-ESO-1, TP53, and PAX8 were evaluated on a second validation serum set, n= 150. RESULTS TRIM21 achieved the highest sensitivity in the first validation screening of 33% with 100% specificity. Combining TRIM21 with NY-ESO-1, TP53, and PAX8 provided 67% sensitivity with 94% specificity, and 56% sensitivity at 98% specificity. These four markers resulted in 46% sensitivity with 98% specificity in the second validation cohort; TRIM21 achieved the highest individual sensitivity of 36%. CONCLUSIONS Autoantibodies to TRIM21, NY-ESO-1, and TP53 may complement CA125 in screening of women at genetic risk for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Hurley
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nancy K Levin
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jasmine Coles
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shlomo Muszkat
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zachary Howarth
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael A Tainsky
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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9
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Garranzo-Asensio M, Guzmán-Aránguez A, Povedano E, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Poves C, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Montero-Calle A, Solís-Fernández G, Fernandez-Diez S, Camps J, Arenas M, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Joven J, Sanchez-Martinez M, Rodriguez N, Dominguez G, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM, Campuzano S, Barderas R. Multiplexed monitoring of a novel autoantibody diagnostic signature of colorectal cancer using HaloTag technology-based electrochemical immunosensing platform. Theranostics 2020; 10:3022-3034. [PMID: 32194852 PMCID: PMC7053203 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The humoral immune response in cancer patients can be used for early detection of the disease. Autoantibodies raised against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are promising clinical biomarkers for reliable cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. In this study, an electrochemical disposable multiplexed immunosensing platform able to integrate difficult- and easy-to-express colorectal cancer (CRC) TAAs is reported for the sensitive determination of eight CRC-specific autoantibodies. Methods: The electrochemical immunosensing approach involves the use of magnetic microcarriers (MBs) as solid supports modified with covalently immobilized HaloTag fusion proteins for the selective capture of specific autoantibodies. After magnetic capture of the modified MBs onto screen-printed carbon working electrodes, the amperometric responses measured using the hydroquinone (HQ)/H2O2 system were related to the levels of autoantibodies in plasma. Results: The biosensing platform was applied to the analysis of autoantibodies against 8 TAAs described for the first time in this work in plasma samples from healthy asymptomatic individuals (n=3), and patients with high-risk of developing CRC (n=3), and from patients already diagnosed with colorectal (n=3), lung (n=2) or breast (n=2) cancer. The developed bioplatform demonstrated an improved discrimination between CRC patients and controls (asymptomatic healthy individuals and breast and lung cancer patients) compared to an ELISA-like luminescence test. Conclusions: The proposed methodology uses a just-in-time produced protein in a simpler protocol, with low sample volume, and involves cost-effective instrumentation, which could be used in a high-throughput manner for reliable population screening to facilitate the detection of early CRC patients at affordable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Garranzo-Asensio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- UFIEC, Chronic Disease Programme, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guzmán-Aránguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloy Povedano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Poves
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Montero-Calle
- UFIEC, Chronic Disease Programme, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Spain)
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Spain)
| | - Elisabeth Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Spain)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Spain)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Spain)
| | | | - Nuria Rodriguez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, E-28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Dominguez
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- UFIEC, Chronic Disease Programme, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain
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Identification of tumor-associated antigens with diagnostic ability of colorectal cancer by in-depth immunomic and seroproteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2020; 214:103635. [PMID: 31918032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Its diagnosis at early stages would significantly improve the survival of CRC patients. The humoral immune response has been demonstrated useful for cancer diagnosis, predating clinical symptoms up to 3 years. Here, we employed an in-depth seroproteomic approach to identify proteins that elicit a humoral immune response in CRC patients. The seroproteomic approach relied on the immunoprecipitation with patient-derived autoantibodies of proteins from CRC cell lines with different metastatic properties followed by LC-MS/MS. After bioinformatics, we focused on 31 targets of CRC autoantibodies. After WB and IHC validation, ERP44 and TALDO1 showed potential to discriminate disease-free and metastatic CRC patients, and time to recurrence of CRC patients in stage II. Using plasma samples of 30 healthy individuals, 28 premalignant individuals, and 32 CRC patients, nine out of 13 selected targets for seroreactive analysis showed significant diagnostic ability to discriminate either CRC patients or premalignant subjects from controls. Our results suggest that the here defined panel of CRC autoantibodies and their target proteins should be included in CRC blood-based biomarker panels to get a clinically useful blood-based diagnostic signature for CRC detection. SIGNIFICANCE: Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest cancer types mainly due to its late diagnosis. Its early diagnosis, therefore, is of great importance since it would significantly improve the survival of CRC patients. In our work, the in-depth seroproteomic analysis of colorectal cancer using isolated IgGs from colorectal cancer patients and controls and protein extract of colorectal cancer cells provide the identification of valuable biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic ability of the disease.
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The specific seroreactivity to ∆Np73 isoforms shows higher diagnostic ability in colorectal cancer patients than the canonical p73 protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13547. [PMID: 31537884 PMCID: PMC6753153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-family is tightly regulated at transcriptional level. Due to alternative splicing, up to 40 different theoretical proteoforms have been described for p73 and at least 20 and 10 for p53 and p63, respectively. However, only the canonical proteins have been evaluated as autoantibody targets in cancer patients for diagnosis. In this study, we have cloned and expressed in vitro the most upregulated proteoforms of p73, ΔNp73α and ΔNp73β, for the analysis of their seroreactivity by a developed luminescence based immunoassay test using 145 individual plasma from colorectal cancer, premalignant individuals and healthy controls. ∆Np73α seroreactivity showed the highest diagnostic ability to discriminate between groups. The combination of ∆Np73α, ∆Np73β and p73 proteoforms seroreactivity were able to improve their individual diagnostic ability. Competitive inhibition experiments further demonstrated the presence of unique specific epitopes in ΔNp73 isoforms not present in p73, with several colorectal patients showing unique and specific seroreactivity to the ΔNp73 proteoforms. Overall, we have increased the complexity of the humoral immune response to the p53-family in cancer patients, showing that the proteoforms derived from the alternative splicing of p73 possess a higher diagnostic ability than the canonical protein, which might be extensive for p53 and p63 proteins.
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12
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Zhou Y, Cui J, Du H. Autoantibody-targeted TAAs in pancreatic cancer: A comprehensive analysis. Pancreatology 2019; 19:760-768. [PMID: 31255446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality and lacks efficient biomarkers for early diagnosis. In the early stages of pancreatic cancer, humoral immunity can respond to a certain amount of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) with the production of corresponding autoantibodies. Such autoantibody-targeted TAAs (autoTAAs) are highly likely to indicate early events during pancreatic carcinogenesis. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of these autoTAAs to explore their physiological function and their involvement and prognostic value in pancreatic cancer. METHODS We first searched the literature to identify the autoTAAs. A PPI network of these autoTAAs was constructed, and core network modules were extracted by Cytoscape software. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to analyze the main physiological functions of these autoTAAs. The prognostic value of autoTAAs in pancreatic cancer was analyzed by using RNA-seq data generated by TCGA. RESULTS The PPI network including 98 autoTAAs was constructed, and 2 subgroups were extracted as core modules. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that key functions and pathways of these autoTAAs were significantly enriched in nucleotide repair, protein synthesis, and cancer-associated events. MSH2, EZR, PGK1, VCL and ANXA2 have prognostic value in pancreatic cancer, and high mRNA expression of these 5 proteins is associated with unfavorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS AutoTAAs may be associated with early events in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer. MSH2, EZR, PGK1, VCL and ANXA2 predict poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Some autoTAAs also have prognostic value in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhou
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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13
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Kaaks R, Fortner RT, Hüsing A, Barrdahl M, Hopper M, Johnson T, Tjønneland A, Hansen L, Overvad K, Fournier A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Kvaskoff M, Dossus L, Johansson M, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, La Vecchia C, Sieri S, Mattiello A, Palli D, Tumino R, Matullo G, Onland-Moret NC, Gram IT, Weiderpass E, Sánchez MJ, Sanchez CN, Duell EJ, Ardanaz E, Larranaga N, Lundin E, Idahl A, Jirström K, Nodin B, Travis RC, Riboli E, Merritt M, Aune D, Terry K, Cramer DW, Anderson KS. Tumor-associated autoantibodies as early detection markers for ovarian cancer? A prospective evaluation. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:515-526. [PMID: 29473162 PMCID: PMC6019150 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-proteomic screening has identified several tumor-associated autoantibodies (AAb) that may have diagnostic capacity for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, with AAbs to P53 proteins and cancer-testis antigens (CTAGs) as prominent examples. However, the early detection potential of these AAbs has been insufficiently explored in prospective studies. We performed ELISA measurements of AAbs to CTAG1A, CTAG2, P53 and NUDT11 proteins, for 194 patients with ovarian cancer and 705 matched controls from the European EPIC cohort, using serum samples collected up to 36 months prior to diagnosis under usual care. CA125 was measured using electrochemo-luminiscence. Diagnostic discrimination statistics were calculated by strata of lead-time between blood collection and diagnosis. With lead times ≤6 months, ovarian cancer detection sensitivity at 0.98 specificity (SE98) varied from 0.19 [95% CI 0.08-0.40] for CTAG1A, CTAG2 and NUDT1 to 0.23 [0.10-0.44] for P53 (0.33 [0.11-0.68] for high-grade serous tumors). However, at longer lead-times, the ability of these AAb markers to distinguish future ovarian cancer cases from controls declined rapidly; at lead times >1 year, SE98 estimates were close to zero (all invasive cases, range: 0.01-0.11). Compared to CA125 alone, combined logistic regression scores of AAbs and CA125 did not improve detection sensitivity at equal level of specificity. The added value of these selected AAbs as markers for ovarian cancer beyond CA125 for early detection is therefore limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anika Hüsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marika Hopper
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personal Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Hansen
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnès Fournier
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, F-94805, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, F-94805, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, F-94805, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Department of Epidemiology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Benetou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for the Study and Prevention of Cancer (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civic – M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Human Genetics Foundation – HuGeF, Torino, Italy
| | - N. Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inger T. Gram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA. Hopitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiolgía y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro Sanchez
- CIBER de Epidemiolgía y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eric J. Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiolgía y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Larranaga
- Public Health Division and BioDonostia Research Institute and CIBERESP, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eva Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Merritt
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Terry
- Ob/Gyn Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Ob/Gyn Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personal Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-content protein microarrays in principle enable the functional interrogation of the human proteome in a broad range of applications, including biomarker discovery, profiling of immune responses, identification of enzyme substrates, and quantifying protein-small molecule, protein-protein and protein-DNA/RNA interactions. As with other microarrays, the underlying proteomic platforms are under active technological development and a range of different protein microarrays are now commercially available. However, deciphering the differences between these platforms to identify the most suitable protein microarray for the specific research question is not always straightforward. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the technological basis, applications and limitations of some of the most commonly used full-length, recombinant protein and protein fragment microarray platforms, including ProtoArray Human Protein Microarrays, HuProt Human Proteome Microarrays, Human Protein Atlas Protein Fragment Arrays, Nucleic Acid Programmable Arrays and Immunome Protein Arrays. Expert commentary: The choice of appropriate protein microarray platform depends on the specific biological application in hand, with both more focused, lower density and higher density arrays having distinct advantages. Full-length protein arrays offer advantages in biomarker discovery profiling applications, although care is required in ensuring that the protein production and array fabrication methodology is compatible with the required downstream functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Duarte
- a Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute/School of Cancer Medicine , La Trobe University , Heidelberg , Australia
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- b Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Cape Town , Observatory, South Africa
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Henderson MC, Silver M, Borman S, Tran Q, Letsios E, Mulpuri R, Reese DE, Wolf JK. A Combinatorial Proteomic Biomarker Assay to Detect Ovarian Cancer in Women. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2018; 10:1179299X18756646. [PMID: 35237085 PMCID: PMC8842374 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x18756646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is often fatal and incidence in the general population is low, underscoring the necessity (and the challenges) for advancements in screening and early detection. The goal of this study was to design a serum-based biomarker panel and corresponding multivariate algorithm that can be used to accurately detect ovarian cancer. A combinatorial protein biomarker assay (CPBA) that uses CA125, HE4, and 3 tumor-associated autoantibodies resulted in an area under the curve of 0.98. The CPBA Ov algorithm was trained using subjects who were suspected to have gynecological cancer and were scheduled for surgery. As a surgical rule-out test, the clinical performance achieves 100% sensitivity and 83.7% specificity. Although sample size (n = 60) is a limiting factor, the CPBA Ov algorithm performed better than either CA-125 alone or the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell-free protein microarrays represent a special form of protein microarray which display proteins made fresh at the time of the experiment, avoiding storage and denaturation. They have been used increasingly in basic and translational research over the past decade to study protein-protein interactions, the pathogen-host relationship, post-translational modifications, and antibody biomarkers of different human diseases. Their role in the first blood-based diagnostic test for early stage breast cancer highlights their value in managing human health. Cell-free protein microarrays will continue to evolve to become widespread tools for research and clinical management. Areas covered: We review the advantages and disadvantages of different cell-free protein arrays, with an emphasis on the methods that have been studied in the last five years. We also discuss the applications of each microarray method. Expert commentary: Given the growing roles and impact of cell-free protein microarrays in research and medicine, we discuss: 1) the current technical and practical limitations of cell-free protein microarrays; 2) the biomarker discovery and verification pipeline using protein microarrays; and 3) how cell-free protein microarrays will advance over the next five years, both in their technology and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , China
| | - Brianne Petritis
- b The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Hu Duan
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , China
| | - Danke Xu
- c State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- b The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
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17
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Ferdosi S, Rehder DS, Maranian P, Castle EP, Ho TH, Pass HI, Cramer DW, Anderson KS, Fu L, Cole DEC, Le T, Wu X, Borges CR. Stage Dependence, Cell-Origin Independence, and Prognostic Capacity of Serum Glycan Fucosylation, β1-4 Branching, β1-6 Branching, and α2-6 Sialylation in Cancer. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:543-558. [PMID: 29129073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycans represent a promising but only marginally accessed source of cancer markers. We previously reported the development of a molecularly bottom-up approach to plasma and serum (P/S) glycomics based on glycan linkage analysis that captures features such as α2-6 sialylation, β1-6 branching, and core fucosylation as single analytical signals. Based on the behavior of P/S glycans established to date, we hypothesized that the alteration of P/S glycans observed in cancer would be independent of the tissue in which the tumor originated yet exhibit stage dependence that varied little between cancers classified on the basis of tumor origin. Herein, the diagnostic utility of this bottom-up approach as applied to lung cancer patients (n = 127 stage I; n = 20 stage II; n = 81 stage III; and n = 90 stage IV) as well as prostate (n = 40 stage II), serous ovarian (n = 59 stage III), and pancreatic cancer patients (n = 15 rapid autopsy) compared to certifiably healthy individuals (n = 30), nominally healthy individuals (n = 166), and risk-matched controls (n = 300) is reported. Diagnostic performance in lung cancer was stage-dependent, with markers for terminal (total) fucosylation, α2-6 sialylation, β1-4 branching, β1-6 branching, and outer-arm fucosylation most able to differentiate cases from controls. These markers behaved in a similar stage-dependent manner in other types of cancer as well. Notable differences between certifiably healthy individuals and case-matched controls were observed. These markers were not significantly elevated in liver fibrosis. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, the marker for α2-6 sialylation was found to predict both progression and survival in lung cancer patients after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, and stage. The potential mechanistic role of aberrant P/S glycans in cancer progression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Ferdosi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Douglas S Rehder
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Paul Maranian
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | | | | | - Harvey I Pass
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center , New York, New York 10016, United States
| | | | - Karen S Anderson
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | | | | | - Tao Le
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xifeng Wu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chad R Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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18
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Ewaisha R, Panicker G, Maranian P, Unger ER, Anderson KS. Serum Immune Profiling for Early Detection of Cervical Disease. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3814-3823. [PMID: 29109779 PMCID: PMC5667406 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most recent (2012) worldwide estimates from International Agency for Research on Cancer indicate that approximately 528,000 new cases and 270,000 deaths per year are attributed to cervical cancer worldwide. The disease is preventable with HPV vaccination and with early detection and treatment of pre-invasive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN. Antibodies (Abs) to HPV proteins are under investigation as potential biomarkers for early detection. Methods: To detect circulating HPV-specific IgG Abs, we developed programmable protein arrays (NAPPA) that display the proteomes of two low-risk HPV types (HPV6 and 11) and ten oncogenic high-risk HPV types (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52 and 58). Arrays were probed with sera from women with CIN 0/I (n=78), CIN II/III (n=84), or invasive cervical cancer (ICC, n=83). Results: Abs to any early (E) HPV protein were detected less frequently in women with CIN 0/I (23.7%) than women with CIN II/III (39.0%) and ICC (46.1%, p<0.04). Of the E Abs, anti-E7 Abs were the most frequently detected (6.6%, 19.5%, and 30.3%, respectively). The least frequently detected Abs were E1 and E2-Abs in CIN 0/I (1.3%) and E1-Abs in CIN II/III (1.2%) and ICC (7.9%). HPV16-specific Abs correlated with HPV16 DNA detected in the cervix in 0% of CIN 0/I, 21.2% of CIN II/III, and 45.5% of ICC. A significant number (29 - 73%) of E4, E7, L1, and L2 Abs had cross-reactivity between HPV types. Conclusion: HPV protein arrays provide a valuable high-throughput tool for measuring the breadth, specificity, and heterogeneity of the serologic response to HPV in cervical disease.
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Fortner RT, Damms-Machado A, Kaaks R. Systematic review: Tumor-associated antigen autoantibodies and ovarian cancer early detection. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 147:465-480. [PMID: 28800944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor-associated autoantibodies (AAbs), produced as an immune response to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), are a novel pathway of early detection markers. METHODS We conducted a systematic review on AAbs and ovarian cancer to summarize the diagnostic performance of individual AAbs and AAb panels. A total of 29 studies including 85 AAbs were included; 27 of the studies were conducted in prevalent cases and cancer-free controls and 2 investigations included pre-diagnosis samples. The majority of studies were hypothesis-driven, evaluating AAbs to target TAAs; 10 studies used screening approaches such as serological expression cloning (SEREX) and nucleic acid-programmable protein arrays (NAPPA). RESULTS The highest sensitivities for individual AAbs were reported for RhoGDI-AAbs (89.5%) and TUBA1C-AAbs (89%); however, specificity levels were relatively low (80% and 75%, respectively). High sensitivities at high specificities were reported for HOXA7-AAbs for detection of moderately differentiated ovarian tumors (66.7% sensitivity at 100% specificity) and IL8-AAbs in stage I-II ovarian cancer (65.5% sensitivity at 98% specificity). A panel of 11 AAbs (ICAM3, CTAG2, p53, STYXL1, PVR, POMC, NUDT11, TRIM39, UHMK1, KSR1, and NXF3) provided 45% sensitivity at 98% specificity for serous ovarian cancer, when at least 2 AAbs were above a threshold of 95% specificity. Twelve of the AAbs identified in this review were investigated in more than one study. Data on diagnostic discrimination by tumor histology and stage at diagnosis are sparse. Limited data suggest select AAb markers improve diagnostic discrimination when combined with markers such as CA125 and HE4. CONCLUSIONS AAbs for ovarian cancer early detection is an emerging area, and large-scale, prospective investigations considering histology and stage are required for discovery and validation. However, data to date suggests panels of AAbs may eventually reach sufficient diagnostic discrimination to allow earlier detection of disease as a complement to existing markers and transvaginal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antje Damms-Machado
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Katchman BA, Chowell D, Wallstrom G, Vitonis AF, LaBaer J, Cramer DW, Anderson KS. Autoantibody biomarkers for the detection of serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:129-136. [PMID: 28427776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to identify a panel of novel serum tumor antigen-associated autoantibody (TAAb) biomarkers for the diagnosis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. METHODS To detect TAAb we probed high-density programmable protein microarrays (NAPPA) containing 10,247 antigens with sera from patients with serous ovarian cancer (n=30 cases/30 healthy controls) and measured bound IgG. We identified 735 promising tumor antigens and evaluated these with an independent set of serous ovarian cancer sera (n=30 cases/30 benign disease controls/30 healthy controls). Thirty-nine potential tumor autoantigens were identified and evaluated using an orthogonal programmable ELISA platform against a total of 153 sera samples (n=63 cases/30 benign disease controls/60 healthy controls). Sensitivities at 95% specificity were calculated and a classifier for the detection of high-grade serous ovarian cancer was constructed. RESULTS We identified 11-TAAbs (ICAM3, CTAG2, p53, STYXL1, PVR, POMC, NUDT11, TRIM39, UHMK1, KSR1, and NXF3) that distinguished high-grade serous ovarian cancer cases from healthy controls with a combined 45% sensitivity at 98% specificity. CONCLUSION These are potential circulating biomarkers for the detection of serous ovarian cancer, and warrant confirmation in larger clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Katchman
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personal Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personal Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Garrick Wallstrom
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personal Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personal Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personal Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Garranzo-Asensio M, Guzman-Aranguez A, Povés C, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Domínguez G, Frutos LS, Rodríguez N, Villalba M, Pingarrón JM, Campuzano S, Barderas R. Toward Liquid Biopsy: Determination of the Humoral Immune Response in Cancer Patients Using HaloTag Fusion Protein-Modified Electrochemical Bioplatforms. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12339-12345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Garranzo-Asensio
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Óptica
y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guzman-Aranguez
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Óptica
y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Povés
- Gastroenterology
Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis San Frutos
- Gynecology
and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, E-28222 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Medical
Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, E-28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Fierabracci A, Pellegrino M. The Double Role of p53 in Cancer and Autoimmunity and Its Potential as Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121975. [PMID: 27897991 PMCID: PMC5187775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is a sequence-specific short-lived transcription factor expressed at low concentrations in various tissues while it is upregulated in damaged, tumoral or inflamed tissue. In normally proliferating cells, p53 protein levels and function are tightly controlled by main regulators, i.e., MDM2 (mouse double minute 2) and MDM4 proteins. p53 plays an important role due to its ability to mediate tumor suppression. In addition to its importance as a tumor suppressor, p53 coordinates diverse cellular responses to stress and damage and plays an emerging role in various physiological processes, including fertility, cell metabolism, mitochondrial respiration, autophagy, cell adhesion, stem cell maintenance and development. Interestingly, it has been recently implicated in the suppression of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in both mice and humans. In this review based on current knowledge on the functional properties of p53 and its regulatory pathways, we discuss the potential utility of p53 reactivation from a therapeutic perspective in oncology and chronic inflammatory disorders leading to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marsha Pellegrino
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Wang D, Yang L, Zhang P, LaBaer J, Hermjakob H, Li D, Yu X. AAgAtlas 1.0: a human autoantigen database. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:D769-D776. [PMID: 27924021 PMCID: PMC5210642 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies refer to antibodies that target self-antigens, which can play pivotal roles in maintaining homeostasis, distinguishing normal from tumor tissue and trigger autoimmune diseases. In the last three decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to elucidate the generation, evolution and functions of autoantibodies, as well as their target autoantigens. However, reports of these countless previously identified autoantigens are randomly dispersed in the literature. Here, we constructed an AAgAtlas database 1.0 using text-mining and manual curation. We extracted 45 830 autoantigen-related abstracts and 94 313 sentences from PubMed using the keywords of either ‘autoantigen’ or ‘autoantibody’ or their lexical variants, which were further refined to 25 520 abstracts, 43 253 sentences and 3984 candidates by our bio-entity recognizer based on the Protein Ontology. Finally, we identified 1126 genes as human autoantigens and 1071 related human diseases, with which we constructed a human autoantigen database (AAgAtlas database 1.0). The database provides a user-friendly interface to conveniently browse, retrieve and download human autoantigens as well as their associated diseases. The database is freely accessible at http://biokb.ncpsb.org/aagatlas/. We believe this database will be a valuable resource to track and understand human autoantigens as well as to investigate their functions in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Henning Hermjakob
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
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