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Bertilsson I, Melin J, Brogårdh C, Opheim A, Gyllensten AL, Björksell E, Sjödahl Hammarlund C. Measurement properties of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ) in persons on the autism spectrum: A preliminary Rasch analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 38:464-473. [PMID: 38763594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons on the autism spectrum exhibit poorer body awareness than neurotypical persons. Since movement quality may be regarded as an expression of body awareness, assessment of movement quality is important. Sound assessments of measurement properties are essential if reliable decisions about body awareness interventions for persons on the autism spectrum are to be made, but there is insufficient research. OBJECTIVE To assess measurement properties of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ) in an autism and a neurotypical reference group. METHODS Persons on the autism spectrum (n=108) and neurotypical references (n=32) were included. All were assessed with BAS MQ. Data were analyzed according to the Rasch model. RESULTS BAS MQ was found to have acceptable unidimensionality, supported by the fit statistics. The hierarchical ordering showed that coordination ability was the most difficult, followed by stability and relating. Response category functioning worked as intended for 19 out of 23 items. There were few difficult items, which decreased targeting. Reliability measures were good. BAS MQ discriminated between the autism and the reference groups, with the autism group exhibiting poorer movement quality, reflecting clinical observations and previous research. CONCLUSIONS BAS MQ was found to have acceptable measurement properties, though suffering from problems with targeting item difficulty to person ability for persons on the autism spectrum. The BAS MQ may, along with experienced movement quality, contribute to clinically relevant information of persons on the autism spectrum, although we encourage refinements and further analyses to improve its measurement properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bertilsson
- Habilitation & Health, Region Västra Götaland, Lövängsvägen 3, 549 49, Skövde, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - J Melin
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Sven Hultins Plats 5, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Brogårdh
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Opheim
- Habilitation & Health, Region Västra Götaland, Bergslagsgatan 2, 411 04, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Per Dubbsgatan 14, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A L Gyllensten
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Björksell
- Habilitation, Region Kronoberg, 351 88, Växjö, Sweden
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Hernández-García R, Gil-López MI, Martínez-Pozo D, Martínez-Romero MT, Aparicio-Sarmiento A, Cejudo A, Sainz de Baranda P, Bishop C. Validity and Reliability of the New Basic Functional Assessment Protocol (BFA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4845. [PMID: 32635678 PMCID: PMC7369969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The global evaluation of motion patterns can examine the synchrony of neuromuscular control, range of motion, strength, resistance, balance and coordination needed to complete the movement. Visual assessments are commonly used to detect risk factors. However, it is essential to define standardized field-based tests that can evaluate with accuracy. The aims of the study were to design a protocol to evaluate fundamental motor patterns (FMP), and to analyze the validity and reliability of an instrument created to provide information about the quality of movement in FMP. Five tasks were selected: Overhead Squat (OHS); Hurdle Step (HS); Forward Step Down (FSD); Shoulder Mobility (SM); Active Stretching Leg Raise (ASLR). A list of variables was created for the evaluation of each task. Ten qualified judges assessed the validity of the instrument, while six external observers performed inter-intra reliability. The results show that the instrument is valid according to the experts' opinion; however, the reliability shows values below those established. Thus, the instrument was considered unreliable, so it is recommended to repeat the reliability process by performing more training sessions for the external observers. The present study creates the basic functional assessment (BFA), a new protocol which comprises five tasks and an instrument to evaluate FMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Hernández-García
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier (Murcia), Spain; (R.H.-G.); (M.T.M.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 C.P. Murcia, Spain;
| | - María Isabel Gil-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier (Murcia), Spain; (R.H.-G.); (M.T.M.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 C.P. Murcia, Spain;
| | - David Martínez-Pozo
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 C.P. Murcia, Spain;
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Romero
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier (Murcia), Spain; (R.H.-G.); (M.T.M.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 C.P. Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier (Murcia), Spain; (R.H.-G.); (M.T.M.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 C.P. Murcia, Spain;
| | - Antonio Cejudo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier (Murcia), Spain; (R.H.-G.); (M.T.M.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 C.P. Murcia, Spain;
| | - Pilar Sainz de Baranda
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier (Murcia), Spain; (R.H.-G.); (M.T.M.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 C.P. Murcia, Spain;
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK;
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Olsen AL, Magnussen LH, Skjaerven LH, Assmus J, Sundal MA, Ostelo R, Strand LI. Movement quality evaluation and its correlation with recommended functional measures in hip osteoarthritis. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 25:e1848. [PMID: 32449252 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hip osteoarthritis may cause compensational movement strategies that require extra physical and mental effort. Such aberrant functioning can be captured in movement quality evaluation. The objective of this study was to explore whether movement quality, evaluated as a multiperspective phenomenon, is reflected in commonly used and recommended functional measures in this group of patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. Baseline included 80 female and 21 male participants with hip osteoarthritis. Movement quality was evaluated by the Body Awareness Rating Scale-Movement Quality and Experience (BARS-MQE), part one, including 12 movement items. Correlation analyses (Pearson and Spearman) were performed to explore associations between BARS-MQE (sum score and single item scores), and scores on measures of physical capacity (Chair test, Stairs test, 6 minutes walking test; 6MWT), self-reported activity level (UCLA), function (HOOS subscales), pain during walking (NRS), self-efficacy (ASES) and health (EQ-5D-5L). Based on previous evidence, we hypothesized moderate associations between BARS-MQE and these measures. RESULTS BARS-MQE's sum score showed moderate associations with Stairs test, 6MWT and UCLA (r = -0.425 to 0.304) and weak associations (r = 0.29 to 0.12) with ASES Pain and Symptoms, HOOS ADL, Chair test, NRS, HOOS Pain and Sports, and EQ-5D-5L. No association was found between BARS-MQE and HOOS Symptoms and Quality of life. Movement quality in item 12, walking, demonstrated moderate or weak association with all included measures. CONCLUSION In this study of participants diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis, movement quality evaluated by BARS-MQE was moderately reflected in measures of physical capacity and activity, but weakly reflected in self-reported measures of health problems. With its particular dynamic procedure and inclusion of the whole moving person, movement quality evaluation by the BARS-MQE was shown to provide supplementary information on functioning, scarcely captured by the commonly used and recommended measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarid Liland Olsen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Physiotherapy, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Heide Magnussen
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Helvik Skjaerven
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jörg Assmus
- Department of Physiotherapy, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mary-Anne Sundal
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Raymond Ostelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Sciences, VU University and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liv Inger Strand
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Bertilsson I, Gyllensten AL, Opheim A, Gard G, Sjödahl Hammarlund C. Understanding one's body and movements from the perspective of young adults with autism: A mixed-methods study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 78:44-54. [PMID: 29772450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are but a few studies of how persons with autism perceive their bodies and movements. Difficulties in perceiving the surrounding world along with disturbed motor coordination and executive functions may affect physical and psychological development. AIMS To explore the experiences of body and movements in young adults with autism and how two physiotherapeutic instruments may capture these experiences. PROCEDURES Eleven young adults (16-22 years) with autism were interviewed and assessed using Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT2) and Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality and Experience (BAS MQ-E). Following a mixed- methods design, the interviews were deductively analyzed and conceptually integrated to the results of the two assessments. RESULTS Experiencing conflicting feelings about their bodies/movements, led to low understanding of themselves. The assessments captured these experiences relatively well, presenting both movement quality and quantity. Positive experiences and better movement quality related to having access to more functional daily strategies. CONCLUSION Combining motor proficiency and body awareness assessments was optimal to understand the participants' experiences. IMPLICATIONS To capture body and movement functions in persons with autism in this standardized manner will lead to improved and reliable diagnoses, tailored interventions, increased body awareness and activity, and enhanced quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bertilsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Box 157, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Habilitation & Health, The Habilitation, Skaraborgsgatan 19 A, S-541 50 Skovde, Sweden.
| | | | - Arve Opheim
- Habilitation & Health, Ekelundsgatan 8, S-411 83 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gunvor Gard
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Box 157, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Kaarbø MB, Haugstad GK, Stubhaug A, Wojniusz S. The Standardised Mensendieck Test as a tool for evaluation of movement quality in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Scand J Pain 2018; 18:203-210. [DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims:
Nonspecific chronic low back pain is a multifactorial biopsychosocial health problem where accurate assessments of pain, function and movement are vital. There are few reliable and valid assessment tools evaluating movement quality, hence the aim was to investigate nonspecific chronic low back pain patients’ movement patterns with the Standardised Mensendieck Test.
Methods:
Twenty patients (mean age=41, SD=9.02) with nonspecific chronic low back pain were examined with the Standardised Mensendieck Test whilst being videotaped and compared with 20 healthy controls. A physiotherapist, blinded to participant’s group belonging, scored Standardised Mensendieck Test videos according to the standardised manual. Associations between movement quality, fear of movement and re(injury) i.e. kinesiophobia and pain intensity were also investigated.
Results:
Patients scored significantly poorer than the controls in all 5 Standardised Mensendieck Test domains (p<0.001). The biggest difference was observed with regard to movement pattern domain. In women we also found a difference in the respiration pattern domain.
Conclusions:
The Standardised Mensendieck Test was able to detect significant differences in quality of movement between patients and healthy controls. These results indicate that the Standardised Mensendieck Test may be a valuable examination tool in assessment and treatment of nonspecific chronic low back pain patients. Further, longitudinal studies should investigate whether poor movement and respiration patterns are important factors in nonspecific chronic low back pain, e.g. as predictors and/or mediators of therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Bøymo Kaarbø
- Department of Pain Management and Research , Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4956 Nydalen , 0424 Oslo , Norway
| | - Gro Killi Haugstad
- Department of Physiotherapy , Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University , Oslo , Norway
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Audun Stubhaug
- Department of Pain Management and Research , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Slawomir Wojniusz
- Department of Physiotherapy , Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University , Oslo , Norway
- Cognitive Health in Trauma and Disease (CHTD) Research Group, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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Nyboe L, Bentholm A, Gyllensten AL. Bodily symptoms in patients with post traumatic stress disorder: A comparative study of traumatized refugees, Danish war veterans, and healthy controls. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 21:523-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Blaauwendraat C, Levy Berg A, Gyllensten AL. One-year follow-up of basic body awareness therapy in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. A small intervention study of effects on movement quality, PTSD symptoms, and movement experiences. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 33:515-526. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1325957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrienne Levy Berg
- Karolinska Institutet, Institutionen för Neurobiologi, Vårdvetenskap och Samhälle, Sektionen för Fysioterapi, Huddinge, Lund, Sweden
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