1
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Yavuz S, Kabbech H, van Staalduinen J, Linder S, van Cappellen W, Nigg A, Abraham T, Slotman J, Quevedo M, Poot R, Zwart W, van Royen M, Grosveld F, Smal I, Houtsmuller A. Compartmentalization of androgen receptors at endogenous genes in living cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10992-11009. [PMID: 37791849 PMCID: PMC10639085 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of nuclear proteins are involved in the spatio-temporal organization of the genome through diverse biological processes such as gene transcription and DNA replication. Upon stimulation by testosterone and translocation to the nucleus, multiple androgen receptors (ARs) accumulate in microscopically discernable foci which are irregularly distributed in the nucleus. Here, we investigated the formation and physical nature of these foci, by combining novel fluorescent labeling techniques to visualize a defined chromatin locus of AR-regulated genes-PTPRN2 or BANP-simultaneously with either AR foci or individual AR molecules. Quantitative colocalization analysis showed evidence of AR foci formation induced by R1881 at both PTPRN2 and BANP loci. Furthermore, single-particle tracking (SPT) revealed three distinct subdiffusive fractional Brownian motion (fBm) states: immobilized ARs were observed near the labeled genes likely as a consequence of DNA-binding, while the intermediate confined state showed a similar spatial behavior but with larger displacements, suggesting compartmentalization by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), while freely mobile ARs were diffusing in the nuclear environment. All together, we show for the first time in living cells the presence of AR-regulated genes in AR foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Yavuz
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hélène Kabbech
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jente van Staalduinen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Linder
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex L Nigg
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E Abraham
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marti Quevedo
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ihor Smal
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Chou CW, Hung CN, Chiu CHL, Tan X, Chen M, Chen CC, Saeed M, Hsu CW, Liss MA, Wang CM, Lai Z, Alvarez N, Osmulski PA, Gaczynska ME, Lin LL, Ortega V, Kirma NB, Xu K, Liu Z, Kumar AP, Taverna JA, Velagaleti GVN, Chen CL, Zhang Z, Huang THM. Phagocytosis-initiated tumor hybrid cells acquire a c-Myc-mediated quasi-polarization state for immunoevasion and distant dissemination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6569. [PMID: 37848444 PMCID: PMC10582093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While macrophage phagocytosis is an immune defense mechanism against invading cellular organisms, cancer cells expressing the CD47 ligand send forward signals to repel this engulfment. Here we report that the reverse signaling using CD47 as a receptor additionally enhances a pro-survival function of prostate cancer cells under phagocytic attack. Although low CD47-expressing cancer cells still allow phagocytosis, the reverse signaling delays the process, leading to incomplete digestion of the entrapped cells and subsequent tumor hybrid cell (THC) formation. Viable THCs acquire c-Myc from parental cancer cells to upregulate both M1- and M2-like macrophage polarization genes. Consequently, THCs imitating dual macrophage features can confound immunosurveillance, gaining survival advantage in the host. Furthermore, these cells intrinsically express low levels of androgen receptor and its targets, resembling an adenocarcinoma-immune subtype of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Therefore, phagocytosis-generated THCs may represent a potential target for treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Cheryl Hsiang-Ling Chiu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Meizhen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Moawiz Saeed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Che-Wei Hsu
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Chiou-Miin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Nathaniel Alvarez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Pawel A Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Maria E Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Li-Ling Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Veronica Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Nameer B Kirma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Josephine A Taverna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gopalrao V N Velagaleti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Biobehavior Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Tim Hui-Ming Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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3
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Li G, Ji Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li H, Wang Y, Chi M, Sun H, Zhu H. Multistage microfluidic cell sorting method and chip based on size and stiffness. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115451. [PMID: 37327603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High performance sorting of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood is key to liquid biopsies. Size-based deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) technique is widely used in cell sorting. But conventional microcolumns have poor fluid regulation ability, which limits the sorting performance of DLD. When the size difference between CTCs and leukocytes is small (e.g., less than 3 μm), not only DLD, many size-based separation techniques fail due to low specificity. CTCs have been confirmed to be softer than leukocytes, which could serve as a basis for sorting. In this study, we presented a multistage microfluidic CTCs sorting method, first sorting CTCs using a size-based two-array DLD chip, then purifying CTCs mixed by leukocytes using a stiffness-based cone channel chip, and finally identifying cell types using Raman techniques. The entire CTCs sorting and analysis process was label free, highly pure, high-throughput and efficient. The two-array DLD chip employed a droplet-shaped microcolumn (DMC) developed by optimization design rather than empirical design. Attributed to the excellent fluid regulation capability of DMC, the CTCs sorter system developed by parallelizing four DMC two-array DLD chips was able to process a sample of 2.5 mL per minute with a recovery efficiency of 96.30 ± 2.10% and a purity of 98.25 ± 2.48%. To isolate CTCs mixed dimensionally by leukocytes, a cone channel sorting method and chip were developed based on solid and hydrodynamic coupled analysis. The cone channel chip allowed CTCs to pass through the channel and entrap leukocytes, improving the purity of CTCs mixed by leukocytes by 1.8-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolin Li
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Yongshun Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Li
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingbo Chi
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Takahashi S, Takada I, Hashimoto K, Yokoyama A, Nakagawa T, Makishima M, Kume H. ESS2 controls prostate cancer progression through recruitment of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12355. [PMID: 37524814 PMCID: PMC10390525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy using poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors has improved survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, this approach is only effective in patients with specific genetic mutations, and additional drug discovery targeting epigenetic modulators is required. Here, we evaluated the involvement of the transcriptional coregulator ESS2 in prostate cancer. ESS2-knockdown PC3 cells dramatically inhibited proliferation in tumor xenografts in nude mice. Microarray analysis revealed that ESS2 regulated mRNA levels of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 (CHD1)-related genes and other cancer-related genes, such as PPAR-γ, WNT5A, and TGF-β, in prostate cancer. ESS2 knockdown reduced nuclear factor (NF)-κB/CHD1 recruitment and histone H3K36me3 levels on the promoters of target genes (TNF and CCL2). In addition, we found that the transcriptional activities of NF-κB, NFAT and SMAD2/3 were enhanced by ESS2. Tamoxifen-inducible Ess2-knockout mice showed delayed prostate development with hypoplasia and disruption of luminal cells in the ventral prostate. Overall, these findings identified ESS2 acts as a transcriptional coregulator in prostate cancer and ESS2 can be novel epigenetic therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Takahashi
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Department of Urology, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Takada
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Urology, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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5
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Wang Q, Šabanović B, Awada A, Reina C, Aicher A, Tang J, Heeschen C. Single-cell omics: a new perspective for early detection of pancreatic cancer? Eur J Cancer 2023; 190:112940. [PMID: 37413845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, mostly due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Early detection of pancreatic cancer in high-risk populations bears the potential to greatly improve outcomes, but current screening approaches remain of limited value despite recent technological advances. This review explores the possible advantages of liquid biopsies for this application, particularly focusing on circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and their subsequent single-cell omics analysis. Originating from both primary and metastatic tumour sites, CTCs provide important information for diagnosis, prognosis and tailoring of treatment strategies. Notably, CTCs have even been detected in the blood of subjects with pancreatic precursor lesions, suggesting their suitability as a non-invasive tool for the early detection of malignant transformation in the pancreas. As intact cells, CTCs offer comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic and proteomic information that can be explored using rapidly developing techniques for analysing individual cells at the molecular level. Studying CTCs during serial sampling and at single-cell resolution will help to dissect tumour heterogeneity for individual patients and among different patients, providing new insights into cancer evolution during disease progression and in response to treatment. Using CTCs for non-invasive tracking of cancer features, including stemness, metastatic potential and expression of immune targets, provides important and readily accessible molecular insights. Finally, the emerging technology of ex vivo culturing of CTCs could create new opportunities to study the functionality of individual cancers at any stage and develop personalised and more effective treatment approaches for this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Berina Šabanović
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Azhar Awada
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin (UniTO), Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Reina
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alexandra Aicher
- Precision Immunotherapy, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiajia Tang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; South Chongqing Road 227, Shanghai, China.
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; South Chongqing Road 227, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Kang Q, Guo X, Li T, Yang C, Han J, Jia L, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang B, Li J, Wen HL, Li H, Li L. Identification of differentially expressed HERV-K(HML-2) loci in colorectal cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192900. [PMID: 37342563 PMCID: PMC10277637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest mortality rate in the world. Survival rates vary significantly among patients at various stages of the disease. A biomarker capable of early diagnosis is required to facilitate the early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are abnormally expressed in various diseases, including cancer, and have been involved in cancer development. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the transcript levels of HERV-K(HML-2) gag, pol, and env in colorectal cancer to systematically investigate the connection between HERV-K(HML-2) and colorectal cancer. The results showed that HERV-K(HML-2) transcript expression was significantly higher than healthy controls and was consistent at the population and cell levels. We also used next-generation sequencing to identify and characterize HERV-K(HML-2) loci that were differentially expressed between colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. The analysis revealed that these loci were concentrated in immune response signaling pathways, implying that HERV-K impacts the tumor-associated immune response. Our results indicated that HERV-K might serve as a screening tumor marker and a target for tumor immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caiqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Shi DM, Dong SS, Zhou HX, Song DQ, Wan JL, Wu WZ. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals key molecules in metastatic potentials and organ-tropisms of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110565. [PMID: 36539000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a landmark event for rapid postsurgical relapse and death of HCC patients. Although distinct genomic and transcriptomic profiling of HCC metastasis had been reported previously, the causal relationships of somatic mutants, mRNA levels and metastatic potentials were difficult to be established in clinic. Therefore, 11 human HCC cell lines and 7 monoclonal derivatives with definite metastatic potentials and tropisms were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS). TP53, MYO5A, ROS1 and ARID2 were the prominent mutants of metastatic drivers in HCC cells. During HCC clonal evaluation, TP53, MYO5A and ROS1 mutations occurred in the early stage, EXT2 and NIN in the late stage. NF1 mutant was unique in lung tropistic cell lines, RNF126 mutant in lymphatic tropistic ones. PER1, LMO2, GAS7, NR4A3 expression levels were positively associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) of HCC patients. The integrative analysis revealed 58 genes exhibited both somatic mutation and dysregulated mRNA levels in high metastatic cells. Altogether, metastatic drivers could accumulate gradually at different stages during HCC progression, some drivers might modulate HCC metastatic potentials and the others regulate metastatic tropisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Song
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
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8
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Chowdhury T, Cressiot B, Parisi C, Smolyakov G, Thiébot B, Trichet L, Fernandes FM, Pelta J, Manivet P. Circulating Tumor Cells in Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics by Single-Molecule and Single-Cell Characterization. ACS Sens 2023; 8:406-426. [PMID: 36696289 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent an interesting source of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of cancer recurrence, yet while they are extensively studied in oncobiology research, their diagnostic utility has not yet been demonstrated and validated. Their scarcity in human biological fluids impedes the identification of dangerous CTC subpopulations that may promote metastatic dissemination. In this Perspective, we discuss promising techniques that could be used for the identification of these metastatic cells. We first describe methods for isolating patient-derived CTCs and then the use of 3D biomimetic matrixes in their amplification and analysis, followed by methods for further CTC analyses at the single-cell and single-molecule levels. Finally, we discuss how the elucidation of mechanical and morphological properties using techniques such as atomic force microscopy and molecular biomarker identification using nanopore-based detection could be combined in the future to provide patients and their healthcare providers with a more accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafsir Chowdhury
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Biobank Lariboisière (BB-0033-00064), DMU BioGem, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Cleo Parisi
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Biobank Lariboisière (BB-0033-00064), DMU BioGem, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Georges Smolyakov
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Biobank Lariboisière (BB-0033-00064), DMU BioGem, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Léa Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francisco M Fernandes
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Juan Pelta
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, LAMBE, 95000 Cergy, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Evry, CNRS, LAMBE, 91190 Evry, France
| | - Philippe Manivet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Biobank Lariboisière (BB-0033-00064), DMU BioGem, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France
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9
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CTC-5: A novel digital pathology approach to characterise circulating tumour cell biodiversity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13044. [PMID: 36747925 PMCID: PMC9898658 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression and tumor evolution complicates the clinical management of cancer patients. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) characterization is a growing discipline that aims to elucidate tumor metastasis and evolution processes. CTCs offer the clinical potential to monitor cancer patients for therapy response, disease relapse, and screen 'at risk' groups for the onset of malignancy. However, such clinical utility is currently limited to breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer patients. Further understanding of the basic CTC biology of other malignancies is required to progress them towards clinical utility. Unfortunately, such basic clinical research is often limited by restrictive characterization methods and high-cost barrier to entry for CTC isolation and imaging infrastructure. As experimental clinical results on applications of CTC are accumulating, it is becoming clear that a two-tier system of CTC isolation and characterization is required. The first tier is to facilitate basic research into CTC characterization. This basic research then informs a second tier specialised in clinical prognostic and diagnostic testing. This study presented in this manuscript describes the development and application of a low-cost, CTC isolation and characterization pipeline; CTC-5. This approach uses an established 'isolation by size' approach (ScreenCell Cyto) and combines histochemical morphology stains and multiparametric immunofluorescence on the same isolated CTCs. This enables capture and characterization of CTCs independent of biomarker-based pre-selection and accommodates both single CTCs and clusters of CTCs. Additionally, the developed open-source software is provided to facilitate the synchronization of microscopy data from multiple sources (https://github.com/CTC5/). This enables high parameter histochemical and immunofluorescent analysis of CTCs with existing microscopy infrastructure without investment in CTC specific imaging hardware. Our approach confirmed by the number of successful tests represents a potential major advance towards highly accessible low-cost technology aiming at the basic research tier of CTC isolation and characterization. The biomarker independent approach facilitates closing the gap between malignancies with poorly, and well-defined CTC phenotypes. As is currently the case for some of the most commonly occurring breast, prostate and colorectal cancers, such advances will ultimately benefit the patient, as early detection of relapse or onset of malignancy strongly correlates with their prognosis.
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10
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Färber N, Neidinger SV, Westerhausen C. Cell Membrane State, Permeability, and Elasticity Assessment for Single Cells and Cell Ensembles. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2644:225-236. [PMID: 37142925 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3052-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The phase state and especially phase transitions of synthetic lipid membranes are known to drastically modulate mechanical membrane properties like permeability and bending modulus. Although the main transition of lipid membranes is typically detected employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), this technique is not suitable for many biological membranes. Moreover, often single cell data on the membrane state or order is of interest. We here first describe how to use a membrane polarity-sensitive dye, Laurdan, to optically determine the order of cell ensembles over a wide temperature range from T = -40 °C to +95 °C. This allows to quantify the position and width of biological membrane order-disorder transitions. Second, we show that the distribution of membrane order within a cell ensemble allows for correlation analysis of membrane order and permeability. Third, combining the technique with conventional atomic force spectroscopy allows for the quantitative correlation of an overall effective Young's modulus of living cells with the membrane order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Färber
- Experimental Physics I, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Simon V Neidinger
- Experimental Physics I, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Westerhausen
- Experimental Physics I, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Kreko-Pierce T, Pugh JR. Altered Synaptic Transmission and Excitability of Cerebellar Nuclear Neurons in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:926518. [PMID: 35865113 PMCID: PMC9294606 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.926518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is generally regarded as a muscle-wasting disease. However, human patients and animal models of DMD also frequently display non-progressive cognitive deficits and high comorbidity with neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting impaired central processing. Previous studies have identified the cerebellar circuit, and aberrant inhibitory transmission in Purkinje cells, in particular, as a potential site of dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). In this work, we investigate potential dysfunction in the output of the cerebellum, downstream of Purkinje cell (PC) activity. We examined synaptic transmission and firing behavior of excitatory projection neurons of the cerebellar nuclei, the primary output of the cerebellar circuit, in juvenile wild-type and mdx mice, a common mouse model of DMD. Using immunolabeling and electrophysiology, we found a reduced number of PC synaptic contacts, but no change in postsynaptic GABAA receptor expression or clustering in these cells. Furthermore, we found that the replenishment rate of synaptic vesicles in Purkinje terminals is reduced in mdx neurons, suggesting that dysfunction at these synapses may be primarily presynaptic. We also found changes in the excitability of cerebellar nuclear neurons. Specifically, we found greater spontaneous firing but reduced evoked firing from a hyperpolarized baseline in mdx neurons. Analysis of action potential waveforms revealed faster repolarization and greater after-hyperpolarization of evoked action potentials in mdx neurons, suggesting an increased voltage- or calcium- gated potassium current. We did not find evidence of dystrophin protein or messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in wild-type nuclear neurons, suggesting that the changes observed in these cells are likely due to the loss of dystrophin in presynaptic PCs. Together, these data suggest that the loss of dystrophin reduces the dynamic range of synaptic transmission and firing in cerebellar nuclear neurons, potentially disrupting the output of the cerebellar circuit to other brain regions and contributing to cognitive and neurodevelopmental deficits associated with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabita Kreko-Pierce
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jason R. Pugh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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12
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Sankar K, Zeinali M, Nagrath S, Ramnath N. Molecular biomarkers and liquid biopsies in lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2022; 49:S0093-7754(22)00047-1. [PMID: 35820969 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy refers to the identification of tumor-derived materials in body fluids including in blood circulation. In the age of immunotherapy and targeted therapies used for the treatment of advanced malignancies, molecular analysis of the tumor is considered a crucial step to guide management. In lung cancer, the concept of liquid biopsies is particularly relevant given the invasiveness of tumor biopsies in certain locations, and the potential risks of biopsy in a patient population with significant co-morbidities. Liquid biopsies have many advantages including non-invasiveness, lower cost, potential for genomic testing, ability to monitor tumor evolution through treatment, and the ability to overcome spatial and temporal intertumoral heterogeneity. The potential clinical applications of liquid biopsy are vast and include screening, detection of minimal residual disease and/or early relapse after curative intent treatment, monitoring response to immunotherapy, and identifying mutations that might be targetable or can confer resistance. Herein, we review the potential role of circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells as forms of liquid biopsies and blood biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. We discuss the methodologies/platforms available for each, clinical applications, and limitations/challenges in incorporation into clinical practice. We additionally review emerging forms of liquid biopsies including tumor educated platelets, circular RNA, and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamya Sankar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mina Zeinali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nithya Ramnath
- Division of Medical Oncology, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI.
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13
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High Expression of PDLIM2 Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer and Is Correlated with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Cell Infiltration. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2922832. [PMID: 35707002 PMCID: PMC9192325 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2922832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the clinical and prognostic role of PDZ and LIM domain protein (PDLIM) genes and the association to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune cell infiltration in patients with prostate cancer (PRAD). Methods The data of RNA-seq, DNA methylation, and clinical features of PRAD patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to define the prognostic value of PDLIM gene expression and the association with EMT and immune cell infiltration. A tissue microarray including 134 radical prostatectomy specimens was served as validation by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining analysis. Results The mRNA levels of PDLIM1/2/3/4/6/7 were significantly downregulated, while PDLIM5 was upregulated in PRAD (P < 0.05). High expression of PDLIM2 mRNA suggests poor progression free interval in PRAD patients. DNA methylation of PDLIM2 was correlated with its mRNA expression level, and that the cg22973076 methylation site in PDLIM2 was associated with shorter PFI (P < 0.05) in PRAD. Single-sample gene-set enrichment and gene functional enrichment results showed that PDLIM2 was correlated with EMT and immune processes. Spearman's test showed a significant correlation with six reported EMT signatures and several EMT signature-related genes. Tumor microenvironment analysis revealed that the PDLIM2 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the immune score, stromal score, and various tumor infiltrating immune cells. Additionally, the results showed that patients in the high-PDLIM2 mRNA expression group may be more sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Finally, IHC analysis further implicated the protein level of PDLIM2 was upregulated in PRAD and acts as a novel potential biomarker in predicting tumor progression. Conclusion Our study suggests that PDLIM family genes might be significantly correlated with oncogenesis and the progression of PRAD. PDLIM2 correlated with EMT and immune cell infiltration by acting as an oncogene in PRAD, which may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for PRAD patients.
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14
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Qiu S, Shen C, Jian X, Lu Y, Tong Z, Wu Z, Mao H, Zhao J. Single-cell level point mutation analysis of circulating tumor cells through droplet microfluidics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Biosensors for circulating tumor cells (CTCs)-biomarker detection in lung and prostate cancer: Trends and prospects. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113770. [PMID: 34768065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer (LCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are the two most common ones particularly among men with about 20% of aggressive metastatic form leading to shorter overall survival. In recent years, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been investigated extensively for their role in metastatic progression and their involvement in reduced overall survival and treatment responses. Analysis of these cells and their associated biomarkers as "liquid biopsy" can provide valuable real-time information regarding the disease state and can be a potential avenue for early-stage detection and possible selection of personalized treatments. This review focuses on the role of CTCs and their associated biomarkers in lung and prostate cancer, as well as the shortcomings of conventional methods for their isolation and analysis. To overcome these drawbacks, biosensors are an elegant alternative because they are capable of providing valuable multiplexed information in real-time and analyzing biomarkers at lower concentrations. A comparative analysis of different transducing elements specific for the analysis of cancer cell and cancer biomarkers have been compiled in this review.
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16
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Topa J, Grešner P, Żaczek AJ, Markiewicz A. Breast cancer circulating tumor cells with mesenchymal features-an unreachable target? Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:81. [PMID: 35048186 PMCID: PMC8770434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) mediate dissemination of solid tumors and can be an early sign of disease progression. Moreover, they show a great potential in terms of non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of cancer patients. CTCs have been extensively studied in breast cancer (BC) and were shown to present a significant phenotypic plasticity connected with initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Apart from conferring malignant properties, EMT affects CTCs recovery rate, making a significant portion of CTCs from patients’ samples undetected. Wider application of methods and markers designed to isolate and identify mesenchymal CTCs is required to expand our knowledge about the clinical impact of mesenchymal CTCs. Therefore, here we provide a comprehensive review of clinical significance of mesenchymal CTCs in BC together with statistical analysis of previously published data, in which we assessed the suitability of a number of methods/markers used for isolation of CTCs with different EMT phenotypes, both in in vitro spike-in tests with BC cell lines, as well as clinical samples. Results of spiked-in cell lines indicate that, in general, methods not based on epithelial enrichment only, capture mesenchymal CTCs much more efficiently that CellSearch® (golden standard in CTCs detection), but at the same time are not much inferior to Cell Search®, though large variation in recovery rates of added cells among the methods is observed. In clinical samples, where additional CTCs detection markers are needed, positive epithelial-based CTCs enrichment was the most efficient in isolating CTCs with mesenchymal features from non-metastatic BC patients. From the marker side, PI3K and VIM were contributing the most to detection of CTCs with mesenchymal features (in comparison to SNAIL) in non-metastatic and metastatic BC patients, respectively. However, additional data are needed for more robust identification of markers for efficient detection of CTCs with mesenchymal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Topa
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Peter Grešner
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna J Żaczek
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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17
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Negishi R, Yamakawa H, Kobayashi T, Horikawa M, Shimoyama T, Koizumi F, Sawada T, Oboki K, Omuro Y, Funasaka C, Kageyama A, Kanemasa Y, Tanaka T, Matsunaga T, Yoshino T. Transcriptomic profiling of single circulating tumor cells provides insight into human metastatic gastric cancer. Commun Biol 2022; 5:20. [PMID: 35017627 PMCID: PMC8752828 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which migrate into blood vessels from primary tumor tissues, at the single-cell level offers critical insights into the biology of metastasis and contributes to drug discovery. However, transcriptome analysis of single CTCs has only been reported for a limited number of cancer types, such as multiple myeloma, breast, hepatocellular, and prostate cancer. Herein, we report the transcriptome analysis of gastric cancer single-CTCs. We utilized an antigen-independent strategy for CTC isolation from metastatic gastric cancer patients involving a size-dependent recovery of CTCs and a single cell isolation technique. The transcriptomic profile of single-CTCs revealed that a majority of gastric CTCs had undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and indicated the contribution of platelet adhesion toward EMT progression and acquisition of chemoresistance. Taken together, this study serves to employ CTC characterization to elucidate the mechanisms of chemoresistance and metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Negishi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yamakawa
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takeru Kobayashi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mayuko Horikawa
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tatsu Shimoyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Koizumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sawada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oboki
- Center for Medical Research Cooperation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Yasushi Omuro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Funasaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kageyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanemasa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsunaga
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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18
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Cancer Cell Mechanobiology: A New Frontier for Cancer Research. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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19
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Osmulski PA, Cunsolo A, Chen M, Qian Y, Lin CL, Hung CN, Mahalingam D, Kirma NB, Chen CL, Taverna JA, Liss MA, Thompson IM, Huang THM, Gaczynska ME. Contacts with Macrophages Promote an Aggressive Nanomechanical Phenotype of Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4110-4123. [PMID: 34045187 PMCID: PMC8367292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive tumors of epithelial origin shed cells that intravasate and become circulating tumor cells (CTC). The CTCs that are able to survive the stresses encountered in the bloodstream can then seed metastases. We demonstrated previously that CTCs isolated from the blood of prostate cancer patients display specific nanomechanical phenotypes characteristic of cell endurance and invasiveness and patient sensitivity to androgen deprivation therapy. Here we report that patient-isolated CTCs are nanomechanically distinct from cells randomly shed from the tumor, with high adhesion as the most distinguishing biophysical marker. CTCs uniquely coisolated with macrophage-like cells bearing the markers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The presence of these immune cells was indicative of a survival-promoting phenotype of "mechanical fitness" in CTCs based on high softness and high adhesion as determined by atomic force microscopy. Correlations between enumeration of macrophages and mechanical fitness of CTCs were strong in patients before the start of hormonal therapy. Single-cell proteomic analysis and nanomechanical phenotyping of tumor cell-macrophage cocultures revealed that macrophages promoted epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in prostate cancer cells, manifesting in their mechanical fitness. The resulting softness and adhesiveness of the mechanically fit CTCs confer resistance to shear stress and enable protective cell clustering. These findings suggest that selected tumor cells are coached by TAMs and accompanied by them to acquire intermediate epithelial/mesenchymal status, thereby facilitating survival during the critical early stage leading to metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction between macrophages and circulating tumor cells increases the capacity of tumor cells to initiate metastasis and may constitute a new set of blood-based targets for pharmacologic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel A Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - Alessandra Cunsolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Meizhen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yusheng Qian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chun-Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Devalingam Mahalingam
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nameer B Kirma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Josephine A Taverna
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center/Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ian M Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center/Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tim H-M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Maria E Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
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20
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Subhawa S, Naiki-Ito A, Kato H, Naiki T, Komura M, Nagano-Matsuo A, Yeewa R, Inaguma S, Chewonarin T, Banjerdpongchai R, Takahashi S. Suppressive Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Extract against Prostate Carcinogenesis and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143403. [PMID: 34298624 PMCID: PMC8306559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study explored the chemopreventive effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) extracts against prostate carcinogenesis in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using the Transgenic Rat for Adenocarcinoma of Prostate (TRAP) model, CRPC xenograft mice, and prostate cancer cell lines. HCT suppressed cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis via inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and CRPC cell lines. HCT also inhibited cell migration and EMT phenotypes through the STAT3/Snail/Twist pathway. One of the active compounds of HCT was identified as rutin. Consistent with in vitro study, the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the TRAP model and CRPC tumor growth in the xenograft model were suppressed by induction of apoptosis and inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK by HCT intake. Our data demonstrated that HCT attenuated androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and CRPC by mechanisms that may involve inhibition of cell growth and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways. Abstract Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) is a well-known Asian medicinal plant with biological activities used in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. This study investigated the effects of HCT extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (EA) on prostate carcinogenesis and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). HCT and EA induced apoptosis in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and CRPC cells (PCai1) through activation of caspases, down-regulation of androgen receptor, and inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK signaling. Rutin was found to be a major component in HCT (44.00 ± 5.61 mg/g) and EA (81.34 ± 5.21 mg/g) in a previous study. Rutin had similar effects to HCT/EA on LNCaP cells and was considered to be one of the active compounds. Moreover, HCT/EA inhibited cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes via STAT3/Snail/Twist pathways in LNCaP cells. The consumption of 1% HCT-mixed diet significantly decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate lobe of the Transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate model. Similarly, tumor growth of PCai1 xenografts was significantly suppressed by 1% HCT treatment. HCT also induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via AKT inactivation in both in vivo models. Together, the results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that HCT has inhibitory effects against prostate carcinogenesis and CRPC. This plant therefore should receive more attention as a source for the future development of non-toxic chemopreventive agents against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhawat Subhawa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.-I.); (R.B.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8156 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-93-5325 (R.B.); Fax: +81-52-842-0817 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-894-031 (R.B.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Aya Nagano-Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Ranchana Yeewa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (A.N.-I.); (R.B.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8156 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-93-5325 (R.B.); Fax: +81-52-842-0817 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-894-031 (R.B.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
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21
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Yang C, Wu S, Mou Z, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Ou Y, Chen X, Dai X, Xu C, Liu N, Jiang H. Transcriptomic Analysis Identified ARHGAP Family as a Novel Biomarker Associated With Tumor-Promoting Immune Infiltration and Nanomechanical Characteristics in Bladder Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657219. [PMID: 34307347 PMCID: PMC8294098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common lethal urinary malignancy worldwide. The role of ARHGAP family genes in BCa and its association with immuno-microenvironment remain largely unknown. ARHGAP family expression and immune infiltration in BCa were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Then, we investigated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vivo and in vitro of the ARHGAP family. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed in measuring cellular mechanical properties of BCa cells. The results demonstrated that ARHGAP family genes correlate with a tumor-promoting microenvironment with a lower Th1/Th2 cell ratio, higher DC cell infiltration, higher Treg cell infiltration, and T-cell exhaustion phenotype. Silencing ARHGAP5, ARHGAP17, and ARHGAP24 suppressed BCa cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Knocking down of ARHGAPs in T24 cells caused a relatively higher Young’s modulus and lower adhesive force and cell height. Taken together, ARHGAP family genes promote BCa progressing through establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment and promoting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhong Mou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Ou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinan Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyu Dai
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Hassan S, Blick T, Thompson EW, Williams ED. Diversity of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Phenotypes in Circulating Tumour Cells from Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112750. [PMID: 34206049 PMCID: PMC8198708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spread of prostate cancer to other parts of the body is responsible for the majority of deaths. Tumour cell epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) increases their metastatic potential and facilitates their survival in the blood as circulating tumour cells (CTCs). The aim of this study was to molecularly characterise CTCs in a panel of prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts using genes associated with epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, and to compare the EMP status of CTCs with their matched primary tumours. The study highlights high heterogeneity in CTC enumeration and EMP gene expression between tumour-bearing mice and within individual blood samples, and therefore caution should be taken when interpreting pooled CTC analyses. Critically, tumour cells were present in the epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid state in the circulation. The study also demonstrates that there is high variation in CTC size, which would introduce sample bias to size-based CTC isolation techniques. Abstract Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) status of primary tumours has relevance to metastatic potential and therapy resistance. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) provide a window into the metastatic process, and molecular characterisation of CTCs in comparison to their primary tumours could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the metastatic cascade. In this study, paired blood and tumour samples were collected from four prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (BM18, LuCaP70, LuCaP96, LuCaP105) and assessed using an EMP-focused, 42 gene human-specific, nested quantitative RT-PCR assay. CTC burden varied amongst the various xenograft models with LuCaP96 having the highest number of CTCs per mouse (mean: 704; median: 31) followed by BM18 (mean: 101; median: 21), LuCaP70 (mean: 73; median: 16) and LuCaP105 (mean: 57; median: 6). A significant relationship was observed between tumour size and CTC number (p = 0.0058). Decreased levels of kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) mRNA (which encodes prostate-specific antigen; PSA) were observed in CTC samples from all four models compared to their primary tumours. Both epithelial- and mesenchymal-associated genes were commonly expressed at higher levels in CTCs compared to the bulk primary tumour, although some common EMT-associated genes (CDH1, VIM, EGFR, EPCAM) remained unchanged. Immunofluorescence co-staining for pan-cytokeratin (KRT) and vimentin (VIM) indicated variable proportions of CTCs across the full EMP axis, even in the same model. EMP hybrids predominated in the BM18 and LuCaP96 models, but were not detected in the LuCaP105 model, and variable numbers of KRT+ and human VIM+ cells were observed in each model. SERPINE1, which encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), was enriched at the RNA level in CTCs compared to primary tumours and was the most commonly expressed mesenchymal gene in the CTCs. Co-staining for SERPINE1 and KRT revealed SERPINE1+ cells in 7/11 samples, six of which had SERPINE+KRT+ CTCs. Cell size variation was observed in CTCs. The majority of samples (8/11) contained larger CTCs ranging from 15.3 to 37.8 µm, whilst smaller cells (10.7 ± 4.1 µm, similar in size to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) were identified in 6 of 11 samples. CTC clusters were also identified in 9/11 samples, containing 2–100 CTCs per cluster. Where CTC heterogeneity was observed in the clusters, epithelial-like cells (KRT+VIM−) were located on the periphery of the cluster, forming a layer around hybrid (KRT+VIM+) or mesenchymal-like (KRT−VIM+) cells. The CTC heterogeneity observed in these models emphasises the complexity in CTC isolation and classification and supports the increasingly recognised importance of the epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid state in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassan
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.H.); (T.B.)
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.H.); (T.B.)
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Erik W. Thompson
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.H.); (T.B.)
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.W.T.); (E.D.W.)
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.H.); (T.B.)
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.W.T.); (E.D.W.)
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23
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Gruslova A, McClellan B, Balinda HU, Viswanadhapalli S, Alers V, Sareddy GR, Huang T, Garcia M, deGraffenried L, Vadlamudi RK, Brenner AJ. FASN inhibition as a potential treatment for endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:375-386. [PMID: 33893909 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ERα) positive making endocrine therapy a mainstay for these patients. Unfortunately, resistance to endocrine therapy is a common occurrence. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme in lipid biosynthesis and its expression is commensurate with tumor grade and resistance to numerous therapies. METHODS The effect of the FASN inhibitor TVB-3166 on ERα expression and cell growth was characterized in tamoxifen-resistant cell lines, xenografts, and patient explants. Subcellular localization of ERα was assessed using subcellular fractionations. Palmitoylation and ubiquitination of ERα were assessed by immunoprecipitation. ERα and p-eIF2α protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting after treatment with TVB-3166 with or without the addition of palmitate or BAPTA. RESULTS TVB-3166 treatment leads to a marked inhibition of proliferation in tamoxifen-resistant cells compared to the parental cells. Additionally, TVB-3166 significantly inhibited tamoxifen-resistant breast tumor growth in mice and decreased proliferation of primary tumor explants compared to untreated controls. FASN inhibition significantly reduced ERα levels most prominently in endocrine-resistant cells and altered its subcellular localization. Furthermore, we showed that the reduction of ERα expression upon TVB-3166 treatment is mediated through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data provide evidence that FASN inhibition by TVB-3166 presents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Further clinical development of FASN inhibitors for endocrine-resistant breast cancer should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victoria Alers
- UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tim Huang
- UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Garcia
- UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- South Texas Research Facility, University of Texas Health San Antonio, STRF 2.208.58403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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24
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Nguyen HTN, Xue H, Firlej V, Ponty Y, Gallopin M, Gautheret D. Reference-free transcriptome signatures for prostate cancer prognosis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:394. [PMID: 33845808 PMCID: PMC8040209 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA-seq data are increasingly used to derive prognostic signatures for cancer outcome prediction. A limitation of current predictors is their reliance on reference gene annotations, which amounts to ignoring large numbers of non-canonical RNAs produced in disease tissues. A recently introduced kind of transcriptome classifier operates entirely in a reference-free manner, relying on k-mers extracted from patient RNA-seq data. METHODS In this paper, we set out to compare conventional and reference-free signatures in risk and relapse prediction of prostate cancer. To compare the two approaches as fairly as possible, we set up a common procedure that takes as input either a k-mer count matrix or a gene expression matrix, extracts a signature and evaluates this signature in an independent dataset. RESULTS We find that both gene-based and k-mer based classifiers had similarly high performances for risk prediction and a markedly lower performance for relapse prediction. Interestingly, the reference-free signatures included a set of sequences mapping to novel lncRNAs or variable regions of cancer driver genes that were not part of gene-based signatures. CONCLUSIONS Reference-free classifiers are thus a promising strategy for the identification of novel prognostic RNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T N Nguyen
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR 9198, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Haoliang Xue
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR 9198, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Firlej
- Institute of Biology, Université Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Yann Ponty
- LIX CNRS UMR 7161, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Melina Gallopin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR 9198, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Gautheret
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR 9198, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
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25
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Liu C, Hu C, Li J, Jiang L, Zhao C. Identification of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related lncRNAs that Associated With the Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:633951. [PMID: 33898515 PMCID: PMC8059639 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.633951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumorigenicity, but the role of EMT-related lncRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Methods: The clinical data and gene expression profile of CRC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differential expression analysis, Cox regression model, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to study the relationship between EMT-related lncRNAs and the prognosis of CRC. Functional analysis and unsupervised clustering analysis were performed to explore the influence of certain lncRNAs on CRC. Finally, Cytoscape was used to construct mRNA-lncRNA networks. Results: Two signatures incorporating six and ten EMT-related lncRNAs were constructed for predicting the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis than those in the low-risk group. The results of the functional analysis suggested that the P53 and ECM-receptor pathways affect the prognosis of CRC, and AL591178.1 is a key prognostic EMT-related lncRNA, which is negatively related to immune cells, P53 pathway, and ECM-receptor pathway. Conclusion: Six OS-related and ten DFS-related EMT-related lncRNAs were correlated with the prognosis of CRC by potentially affecting the immune microenvironment, and AL591178.1 plays a key role as a prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Graduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liqing Jiang
- Graduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengliang Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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26
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Belotti Y, Lim CT. Microfluidics for Liquid Biopsies: Recent Advances, Current Challenges, and Future Directions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4727-4738. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Belotti
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
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27
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Yu X, Pan X, Zhang S, Zhang YH, Chen L, Wan S, Huang T, Cai YD. Identification of Gene Signatures and Expression Patterns During Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition From Single-Cell Expression Atlas. Front Genet 2021; 11:605012. [PMID: 33584803 PMCID: PMC7876317 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.605012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, which refers to abnormal cell proliferative diseases with systematic pathogenic potential, is one of the leading threats to human health. The final causes for patients’ deaths are usually cancer recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance against continuing therapy. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the transformation of tumor cells (TCs), is a prerequisite for pathogenic cancer recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Conventional biomarkers can only define and recognize large tissues with obvious EMT markers but cannot accurately monitor detailed EMT processes. In this study, a systematic workflow was established integrating effective feature selection, multiple machine learning models [Random forest (RF), Support vector machine (SVM)], rule learning, and functional enrichment analyses to find new biomarkers and their functional implications for distinguishing single-cell isolated TCs with unique epithelial or mesenchymal markers using public single-cell expression profiling. Our discovered signatures may provide an effective and precise transcriptomic reference to monitor EMT progression at the single-cell level and contribute to the exploration of detailed tumorigenesis mechanisms during EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtian Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoYong Pan
- Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - ShiQi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMP, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sibao Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Elucidation of the Genomic-Epigenomic Interaction Landscape of Aggressive Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6641429. [PMID: 33511206 PMCID: PMC7825361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Majority of prostate cancer (PCa) deaths are attributed to localized high-grade aggressive tumours which progress rapidly to metastatic disease. A critical unmet need in clinical management of PCa is discovery and characterization of the molecular drivers of aggressive tumours. The development and progression of aggressive PCa involve genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in the germline, somatic (tumour), and epigenomes. To date, interactions between genes containing germline, somatic, and epigenetic mutations in aggressive PCa have not been characterized. The objective of this investigation was to elucidate the genomic-epigenomic interaction landscape in aggressive PCa to identify potential drivers aggressive PCa and the pathways they control. We hypothesized that aggressive PCa originates from a complex interplay between genomic (both germline and somatic mutations) and epigenomic alterations. We further hypothesized that these complex arrays of interacting genomic and epigenomic factors affect gene expression, molecular networks, and signaling pathways which in turn drive aggressive PCa. Methods We addressed these hypotheses by performing integrative data analysis combining information on germline mutations from genome-wide association studies with somatic and epigenetic mutations from The Cancer Genome Atlas using gene expression as the intermediate phenotype. Results The investigation revealed signatures of genes containing germline, somatic, and epigenetic mutations associated with aggressive PCa. Aberrant DNA methylation had effect on gene expression. In addition, the investigation revealed molecular networks and signalling pathways enriched for germline, somatic, and epigenetic mutations including the STAT3, PTEN, PCa, ATM, AR, and P53 signalling pathways implicated in aggressive PCa. Conclusions The study demonstrated that integrative analysis combining diverse omics data is a powerful approach for the discovery of potential clinically actionable biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and elucidation of oncogenic interactions between genomic and epigenomic alterations in aggressive PCa.
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29
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Vasaikar SV, Deshmukh AP, den Hollander P, Addanki S, Kuburich NA, Kudaravalli S, Joseph R, Chang JT, Soundararajan R, Mani SA. EMTome: a resource for pan-cancer analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes and signatures. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:259-269. [PMID: 33299129 PMCID: PMC7782839 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables dissociation of tumour cells from the primary tumour mass, invasion through the extracellular matrix, intravasation into blood vessels and colonisation of distant organs. Cells that revert to the epithelial state via the mesenchymal-epithelial transition cause metastases, the primary cause of death in cancer patients. EMT also empowers cancer cells with stem-cell properties and induces resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Understanding the driving factors of EMT is critical for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. METHODS This manuscript describes the generation of a database containing EMT gene signatures derived from cell lines, patient-derived xenografts and patient studies across cancer types and multiomics data and the creation of a web-based portal to provide a comprehensive analysis resource. RESULTS EMTome incorporates (i) EMT gene signatures; (ii) EMT-related genes with multiomics features across different cancer types; (iii) interactomes of EMT-related genes (miRNAs, transcription factors, and proteins); (iv) immune profiles identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts by exploring transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, and drug sensitivity and (iv) clinical outcomes of cancer cohorts linked to EMT gene signatures. CONCLUSION The web-based EMTome portal is a resource for primary and metastatic tumour research publicly available at www.emtome.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abhijeet P Deshmukh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sridevi Addanki
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nick Allen Kuburich
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sriya Kudaravalli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Lieberman B, Kusi M, Hung CN, Chou CW, He N, Ho YY, Taverna JA, Huang THM, Chen CL. Toward uncharted territory of cellular heterogeneity: advances and applications of single-cell RNA-seq. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 5:1-21. [PMID: 34322662 PMCID: PMC8315474 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among single-cell analysis technologies, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has been one of the front runners in technical inventions. Since its induction, scRNA-seq has been well received and undergone many fast-paced technical improvements in cDNA synthesis and amplification, processing and alignment of next generation sequencing reads, differentially expressed gene calling, cell clustering, subpopulation identification, and developmental trajectory prediction. scRNA-seq has been exponentially applied to study global transcriptional profiles in all cell types in humans and animal models, healthy or with diseases, including cancer. Accumulative novel subtypes and rare subpopulations have been discovered as potential underlying mechanisms of stochasticity, differentiation, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and aging. scRNA-seq has gradually revealed the uncharted territory of cellular heterogeneity in transcriptomes and developed novel therapeutic approaches for biomedical applications. This review of the advancement of scRNA-seq methods provides an exploratory guide of the quickly evolving technical landscape and insights of focused features and strengths in each prominent area of progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lieberman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Meena Kusi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ning He
- Department of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Josephine A. Taverna
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Tim H. M. Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Cell free DNA as an evolving liquid biopsy biomarker for initial diagnosis and therapeutic nursing in Cancer- An evolving aspect in Medical Biotechnology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 23:112-122. [PMID: 33308128 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201211102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in numerous body fluids in addition to initiates generally from blood cells. It is undoubtedly the utmost promising tool among all components of liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy is a specialized method investigating the nonsolid biological tissue by revealing of circulating cells, cell free DNA etc. that enter body fluids. Since, cancer cells disengage from compact tumors circulate in peripheral blood, evaluating blood of cancer patients holds the opportunities for capture and molecular level analysis of various tumor-derived constituents. Cell free DNA samples can deliver a significant perceptions into oncology, for instance tumor heterogeneity, instantaneous tumor development, response to therapy and treatment, comprising immunotherapy and mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Malignant growth at any phase can outhouse tumor cells in addition to fragments of neoplasticity causing DNA into circulatory system giving noble sign of mutation in the tumor at sampling time. Liquid biopsy distinguishes diverse blood based evolving biomarkers comprising circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or cfDNA, circulating RNA (cfRNA) and exosomes. Cell free DNA are little DNA fragments found circulating in plasma or serum, just as other fluids present in our body. Cell free DNA involves primarily double stranded nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA, present both on a surface level and in the lumen of vesicles. The probable origins of the tumor-inferred portion of cfDNA are apoptosis or tumor necrosis, lysis of CTCs or release of DNA from the tumor cells into circulation. The evolution of innovations, refinement and improvement in therapeutics for determination of cfDNA fragment size and its distribution provide significant information related with pathological conditions of the cell, thus emerging as promising indicator for clinical output in medical biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya pradesh-462020. India
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Okabe T, Togo S, Fujimoto Y, Watanabe J, Sumiyoshi I, Orimo A, Takahashi K. Mesenchymal Characteristics and Predictive Biomarkers on Circulating Tumor Cells for Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3588. [PMID: 33266262 PMCID: PMC7761066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-related events are the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have a pivotal role in metastatic relapse. CTCs include a variety of subtypes with different functional characteristics. Interestingly, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers expressed in CTCs are strongly associated with poor clinical outcome and related to the acquisition of circulating tumor stem cell (CTSC) features. Recent studies have revealed the existence of CTC clusters, also called circulating tumor microemboli (CTM), which have a high metastatic potential. In this review, we present current opinions regarding the clinical significance of CTCs and CTM with a mesenchymal phenotype as clinical surrogate markers, and we summarize the therapeutic strategy according to phenotype characterization of CTCs in various types of cancers for future precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Okabe
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (I.S.); (K.T.)
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fujimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (I.S.); (K.T.)
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (I.S.); (K.T.)
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Issei Sumiyoshi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (I.S.); (K.T.)
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (I.S.); (K.T.)
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Pei H, Li L, Han Z, Wang Y, Tang B. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies for circulating tumor cells: enrichment, single-cell analysis, and liquid biopsy for clinical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3854-3875. [PMID: 33107879 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detach from primary or metastatic lesions and circulate in the peripheral blood, which is considered to be the cause of distant metastases. CTC analysis in the form of liquid biopsy, enumeration and molecular analysis provide significant clinical information for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Despite the great clinical value, CTC analysis has not yet entered routine clinical practice due to lack of efficient technologies to perform CTC isolation and single-cell analysis. Taking the rarity and inherent heterogeneity of CTCs into account, reliable methods for CTC isolation and detection are in urgent demand for obtaining valuable information on cancer metastasis and progression from CTCs. Microfluidic technology, featuring microfabricated structures, can precisely control fluids and cells at the micrometer scale, thus making itself a particularly suitable method for rare CTC manipulation. Besides the enrichment function, microfluidic chips can also realize the analysis function by integrating multiple detection technologies. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in CTC isolation and detection using microfluidic technologies, with special attention to emerging direct enrichment and enumeration in vivo. Further, few insights into single CTC molecular analysis are also demonstrated. We have provided a review of potential clinical applications of CTCs, ranging from early screening and diagnosis, tumor progression and prognosis, treatment and resistance monitoring, to therapeutic evaluation. Through this review, we conclude that the clinical utility of CTCs will be expanded as the isolation and analysis techniques are constantly improving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimeng Pei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Menin and Menin-Associated Proteins Coregulate Cancer Energy Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092715. [PMID: 32971831 PMCID: PMC7564175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is central to maintain energy homeostasis. It remains to be determined whether there is a mechanism governing metabolic fluxes based on substrate availability in microenvironments. Here we show that menin is a key transcription factor regulating the expression of OXPHOS and glycolytic genes in cancer cells and primary tumors with poor prognosis. A group of menin-associated proteins (MAPs), including KMT2A, MED12, WAPL, and GATA3, is found to restrain menin's full function in this transcription regulation. shRNA knockdowns of menin and MAPs result in reduced ATP production with proportional alterations of cellular energy generated through glycolysis and OXPHOS. When shRNA knockdown cells are exposed to metabolic stress, the dual functionality can clearly be distinguished among these metabolic regulators. A MAP can negatively counteract the regulatory mode of menin for OXPHOS while the same protein positively influences glycolysis. A close-proximity interaction between menin and MAPs allows transcriptional regulation for metabolic adjustment. This coordinate regulation by menin and MAPs is necessary for cells to rapidly adapt to fluctuating microenvironments and to maintain essential metabolic functions.
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Protein Expression Analysis of an In Vitro Murine Model of Prostate Cancer Progression: Towards Identification of High-Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030083. [PMID: 32784957 PMCID: PMC7565308 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men worldwide. The poor prognosis of PC is largely due to late diagnosis of the disease when it has progressed to advanced stages marked by androgen-independence. We interrogated proteomic signatures that embody the transition of PC from an androgen-dependent (AD) to an androgen-independent (AI) state. Methods: We have previously established AD and AI murine PC cell lines, PLum-AD and PLum-AI, respectively, which recapitulate primary and progressive PC at phenotypic and subcellular levels. We statistically surveyed global protein expression profiles in these cell lines. Differential profiles were functionally interrogated by pathways and protein–protein interaction network analyses. Results: Protein expression pattern analysis revealed a total of 683 proteins, among which 99 were significantly differentially altered in PLum-AI cells as compared to PLum-AD cells (45 increased and 54 decreased). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the two different cell lines clearly separated apart, indicating a significant proteome expression difference between them. Four of the proteins (vimentin, catalase, EpCAM, and caspase 3) that were differentially expressed in PLum-AI cells compared to PLum-AD cells were subjected to biochemical validation by Western blotting. Biological process gene ontology (GO) analysis of the differentially expressed proteins demonstrated enrichment of biological functions and pathways in PLum-AI cells that are central to PI3 kinase and androgen receptor pathways. Besides, other relevant biological processes that are enriched in PLum-AI cells included cell adhesion and cell migration processes, cell and DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Conclusions: Our protein expression analysis of a murine in vitro model of PC progression identified differential protein spots that denote this progression and that comprise high-potential targets for early treatment of PC with a personalized patient-specific approach. Efforts are underway to functionally assess the potential roles of these proteins as therapeutic targets for PC progression.
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EMT-Associated Heterogeneity in Circulating Tumor Cells: Sticky Friends on the Road to Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061632. [PMID: 32575608 PMCID: PMC7352430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) generate hybrid phenotypes with an enhanced ability to adapt to diverse microenvironments encountered during the metastatic spread. Accordingly, EMTs play a crucial role in the biology of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and contribute to their heterogeneity. Here, we review major EMT-driven properties that may help hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal CTCs to survive in the bloodstream and accomplish early phases of metastatic colonization. We then discuss how interrogating EMT in CTCs as a companion biomarker could help refine cancer patient management, further supporting the relevance of CTCs in personalized medicine.
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Prospects for Comprehensive Analyses of Circulating Tumor Cells in Tumor Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051135. [PMID: 32369927 PMCID: PMC7281475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive analysis of biological and clinical aspects of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has attracted interest as a means of enabling non-invasive, real-time monitoring of cancer patients and enhancing our fundamental understanding of tumor metastasis. However, CTC populations are extremely small when compared to other cell populations in the blood, limiting our comprehension of CTC biology and their clinical utility. Recently developed proteomic and genomic techniques that require only a small amount of sample have attracted much interest and expanded the potential utility of CTCs. Cancer heterogeneity, including specific mutations, greatly impacts disease diagnosis and the choice of available therapeutic strategies. The CTC population consists primarily of cancer stem cells, and CTC subpopulations are thought to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition during dissemination. To better characterize tumor cell populations, we demonstrated that changes in genomic profiles identified via next-generation sequencing of liquid biopsy samples could be expanded upon to increase sensitivity without decreasing specificity by using a combination of assays with CTCs and circulating tumor DNA. To enhance our understanding of CTC biology, we developed a metabolome analysis method applicable to single CTCs. Here, we review-omics studies related to CTC analysis and discuss various clinical and biological issues related to CTCs.
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Lim M, Park J, Lowe AC, Jeong HO, Lee S, Park HC, Lee K, Kim GH, Kim MH, Cho YK. A lab-on-a-disc platform enables serial monitoring of individual CTCs associated with tumor progression during EGFR-targeted therapy for patients with NSCLC. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5181-5194. [PMID: 32373206 PMCID: PMC7196290 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Unlike traditional biopsy, liquid biopsy, which is a largely non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring tool, can be performed more frequently to better track tumors and mutations over time and to validate the efficiency of a cancer treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered promising liquid biopsy biomarkers; however, their use in clinical settings is limited by high costs and a low throughput of standard platforms for CTC enumeration and analysis. In this study, we used a label-free, high-throughput method for CTC isolation directly from whole blood of patients using a standalone, clinical setting-friendly platform. Methods: A CTC-based liquid biopsy approach was used to examine the efficacy of therapy and emergent drug resistance via longitudinal monitoring of CTC counts, DNA mutations, and single-cell-level gene expression in a prospective cohort of 40 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Results: The change ratio of the CTC counts was associated with tumor response, detected by CT scan, while the baseline CTC counts did not show association with progression-free survival or overall survival. We achieved a 100% concordance rate for the detection of EGFR mutation, including emergence of T790M, between tumor tissue and CTCs. More importantly, our data revealed the importance of the analysis of the epithelial/mesenchymal signature of individual pretreatment CTCs to predict drug responsiveness in patients. Conclusion: The fluid-assisted separation technology disc platform enables serial monitoring of CTC counts, DNA mutations, as well as unbiased molecular characterization of individual CTCs associated with tumor progression during targeted therapy.
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The Prospect of Identifying Resistance Mechanisms for Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Circulating Tumor Cells: Is Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition a Key Player? Prostate Cancer 2020; 2020:7938280. [PMID: 32292603 PMCID: PMC7149487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7938280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is initially driven by excessive androgen receptor (AR) signaling with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) being a major therapeutic approach to its treatment. However, the development of drug resistance is a significant limitation on the effectiveness of both first-line and more recently developed second-line ADTs. There is a need then to study AR signaling within the context of other oncogenic signaling pathways that likely mediate this resistance. This review focuses on interactions between AR signaling, the well-known phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathway, and an emerging mediator of these pathways, the Hippo/YAP1 axis in metastatic castrate-resistant PCa, and their involvement in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a feature of disease progression and ADT resistance. Analysis of these pathways in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an opportunity to evaluate their utility as biomarkers and address their importance in the development of resistance to current ADT with potential to guide future therapies.
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Digital Microfluidics for Single Bacteria Capture and Selective Retrieval Using Optical Tweezers. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030308. [PMID: 32183431 PMCID: PMC7142809 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When screening microbial populations or consortia for interesting cells, their selective retrieval for further study can be of great interest. To this end, traditional fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and optical tweezers (OT) enabled methods have typically been used. However, the former, although allowing cell sorting, fails to track dynamic cell behavior, while the latter has been limited to complex channel-based microfluidic platforms. In this study, digital microfluidics (DMF) was integrated with OT for selective trapping, relocation, and further proliferation of single bacterial cells, while offering continuous imaging of cells to evaluate dynamic cell behavior. To enable this, magnetic beads coated with Salmonella Typhimurium-targeting antibodies were seeded in the microwell array of the DMF platform, and used to capture single cells of a fluorescent S. Typhimurium population. Next, OT were used to select a bead with a bacterium of interest, based on its fluorescent expression, and to relocate this bead to a different microwell on the same or different array. Using an agar patch affixed on top, the relocated bacterium was subsequently allowed to proliferate. Our OT-integrated DMF platform thus successfully enabled selective trapping, retrieval, relocation, and proliferation of bacteria of interest at single-cell level, thereby enabling their downstream analysis.
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Xiong G, Chen J, Zhang G, Wang S, Kawasaki K, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Nagata K, Li Z, Zhou BP, Xu R. Hsp47 promotes cancer metastasis by enhancing collagen-dependent cancer cell-platelet interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3748-3758. [PMID: 32015106 PMCID: PMC7035603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911951117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) suggests potential function of cancer cell-produced ECM in initiation of cancer cell colonization. Here, we showed that collagen and heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47), a chaperone facilitating collagen secretion and deposition, were highly expressed during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in CTCs. Hsp47 expression induced mesenchymal phenotypes in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), enhanced platelet recruitment, and promoted lung retention and colonization of cancer cells. Platelet depletion in vivo abolished Hsp47-induced cancer cell retention in the lung, suggesting that Hsp47 promotes cancer cell colonization by enhancing cancer cell-platelet interaction. Using rescue experiments and functional blocking antibodies, we identified type I collagen as the key mediator of Hsp47-induced cancer cell-platelet interaction. We also found that Hsp47-dependent collagen deposition and platelet recruitment facilitated cancer cell clustering and extravasation in vitro. By analyzing DNA/RNA sequencing data generated from human breast cancer tissues, we showed that gene amplification and increased expression of Hsp47 were associated with cancer metastasis. These results suggest that targeting the Hsp47/collagen axis is a promising strategy to block cancer cell-platelet interaction and cancer colonization in secondary organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Xiong
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Jie Chen
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Shike Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Kunito Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Ren Xu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Ikeda M, Koh Y, Teraoka S, Sato K, Kanai K, Hayata A, Tokudome N, Akamatsu H, Ozawa Y, Akamatsu K, Endo K, Higuchi M, Nakanishi M, Ueda H, Yamamoto N. Detection of AXL expression in circulating tumor cells of lung cancer patients using an automated microcavity array system. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2122-2133. [PMID: 31999390 PMCID: PMC7064033 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive diagnostics using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are expected to be useful for decision making in precision cancer therapy. AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with tumor progression, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance, and is a potential therapeutic target. However, the epithelial markers generally used for CTC detection may be not enough to detect AXL‐expressing CTCs due to EMT. Here, we evaluated the detection of AXL‐expressing CTCs using the mesenchymal marker vimentin with a microcavity array system. To evaluate the recovery of cancer cells, spike‐in experiments were performed using cell lines with varying cytokeratin (CK) or vimentin (VM) expression levels. With high CK and low VM‐expressing cell lines, PC‐9 and HCC827, the recovery rate of AXL‐expressing cancer cells was 1%‐17% using either CK or VM as markers. Whereas, with low CK and high VM‐expressing cell lines, MDA‐MB231 and H1299, it was 52%‐75% using CK and 72%‐88% using VM as a marker. For clinical evaluation, peripheral blood was collected from 20 non–small cell lung cancer patients and CTCs were detected using CK or VM as markers in parallel. Significantly more AXL‐expressing single CTCs were detected in VM‐positive than CK‐positive CTCs (P < .001). Furthermore, CTC clusters were identified only among VM‐positive CTCs in 20% of patients. Patients with one or more prior treatments harbored significantly more VM‐positive AXL‐expressing CTCs, suggesting the involvement of these CTCs in drug resistance. These results indicate the necessity of integrating mesenchymal markers with CTC detection and this should be further evaluated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Ikeda
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koh
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Teraoka
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kuninobu Kanai
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayata
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Nahomi Tokudome
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akamatsu
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ozawa
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Katsuya Endo
- Medical Business Sector, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Chikusei, Japan
| | - Masayuki Higuchi
- Medical Business Sector, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Chikusei, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Ueda
- Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Panchy N, Azeredo-Tseng C, Luo M, Randall N, Hong T. Integrative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Multiphasic Epithelial-Mesenchymal Spectrum in Cancer and Non-tumorigenic Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1479. [PMID: 32038999 PMCID: PMC6987415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), the conversion between rigid epithelial cells and motile mesenchymal cells, is a reversible cellular process involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Numerous studies have found that several types of tumor cells show a high degree of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in terms of their gene expression signatures and cellular phenotypes related to EMT. Recently, the prevalence and importance of partial or intermediate EMT states have been reported. It is unclear, however, whether there is a general pattern of cancer cell distribution in terms of the overall expression of epithelial-related genes and mesenchymal-related genes, and how this distribution is related to EMT process in normal cells. In this study, we performed integrative transcriptomic analysis that combines cancer cell transcriptomes, time course data of EMT in non-tumorigenic epithelial cells, and epithelial cells with perturbations of key EMT factors. Our statistical analysis shows that cancer cells are widely distributed in the EMT spectrum, and the majority of these cells can be described by an EMT path that connects the epithelial and the mesenchymal states via a hybrid expression region in which both epithelial genes and mesenchymal genes are highly expressed overall. We found that key patterns of this EMT path are observed in EMT progression in non-tumorigenic cells and that transcription factor ZEB1 plays a key role in defining this EMT path via diverse gene regulatory circuits connecting to epithelial genes. We performed Gene Set Variation Analysis to show that the cancer cells at hybrid EMT states also possess hybrid cellular phenotypes with both high migratory and high proliferative potentials. Our results reveal critical patterns of cancer cells in the EMT spectrum and their relationship to the EMT process in normal cells, and provide insights into the mechanistic basis of cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Panchy
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.,National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Cassandra Azeredo-Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL, United States.,Department of Applied Mathematics, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Michael Luo
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ, United States
| | - Natalie Randall
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Austin College, Sherman, TX, United States
| | - Tian Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.,National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Gene Expression Alterations during Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Are Detected in Circulating Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010039. [PMID: 31877738 PMCID: PMC7016678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with alterations in gene expression involved in steroidogenesis and androgen signaling. This study investigates whether gene expression changes related to CRPC development can be identified in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Gene expression in paired CTC samples from 29 patients, before androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and at CRPC relapse, was compared using a panel including 47 genes related to prostate cancer progression on a qPCR platform. Fourteen genes displayed significantly changed gene expression in CTCs at CRPC relapse compared to before start of ADT. The genes with increased expression at CRPC relapse were related to steroidogenesis, AR-signaling, and anti-apoptosis. In contrast, expression of prostate markers was downregulated at CRPC. We also show that midkine (MDK) expression in CTCs from metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) was associated to short cancer-specific survival (CSS). In conclusion, this study shows that gene expression patterns in CTCs reflect the development of CRPC, and that MDK expression levels in CTCs are prognostic for cancer-specific survival in mHSPC. This study emphasizes the role of CTCs in exploring mechanisms of therapy resistance, as well as a promising biomarker for prognostic and treatment-predictive purposes in advanced mHSPC.
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Fisher RR, Pleskow HM, Bedingfield K, Miyamoto DT. Noncanonical Wnt as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer: “you can’t always get what you Wnt”. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:245-254. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1702522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Fisher
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haley M. Pleskow
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Bedingfield
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T. Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu YL, Horning AM, Lieberman B, Kim M, Lin CK, Hung CN, Chou CW, Wang CM, Lin CL, Kirma NB, Liss MA, Vasisht R, Perillo EP, Blocher K, Horng H, Taverna JA, Ruan J, Yankeelov TE, Dunn AK, Huang THM, Yeh HC, Chen CL. Spatial EGFR Dynamics and Metastatic Phenotypes Modulated by Upregulated EphB2 and Src Pathways in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121910. [PMID: 31805710 PMCID: PMC6966510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is a very heterogeneous disease reflecting in diverse regulations of oncogenic signaling pathways. Aberrant spatial dynamics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promote their dimerization and clustering, leading to constitutive activation in oncogenesis. The EphB2 and Src signaling pathways are associated with the reorganization of the cytoskeleton leading to malignancy, but their roles in regulating EGFR dynamics and activation are scarcely reported. Using single-particle tracking techniques, we found that highly phosphorylated EGFR in the advanced prostate cancer cell line, PC3, was associated with higher EGFR diffusivity, as compared with LNCaP and less aggressive DU145. The increased EGFR activation and biophysical dynamics were consistent with high proliferation, migration, and invasion. After performing single-cell RNA-seq on prostate cancer cell lines and circulating tumor cells from patients, we identified that upregulated gene expression in the EphB2 and Src pathways are associated with advanced malignancy. After dasatinib treatment or siRNA knockdowns of EphB2 or Src, the PC3 cells exhibited significantly lower EGFR dynamics, cell motility, and invasion. Partial inhibitory effects were also found in DU145 cells. The upregulation of parts of the EphB2 and Src pathways also predicts poor prognosis in the prostate cancer patient cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our results provide evidence that overexpression of the EphB2 and Src signaling pathways regulate EGFR dynamics and cellular aggressiveness in some advanced prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Liang Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (M.K.); (R.V.); (E.P.P.); (K.B.); (T.E.Y.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Aaron M. Horning
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
| | - Brandon Lieberman
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA;
| | - Mirae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (M.K.); (R.V.); (E.P.P.); (K.B.); (T.E.Y.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Che-Kuang Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
| | - Chih-Wei Chou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
| | - Chiou-Miin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
| | - Chun-Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
| | - Nameer B. Kirma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
| | - Michael A. Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Rohan Vasisht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (M.K.); (R.V.); (E.P.P.); (K.B.); (T.E.Y.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Evan P. Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (M.K.); (R.V.); (E.P.P.); (K.B.); (T.E.Y.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Katherine Blocher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (M.K.); (R.V.); (E.P.P.); (K.B.); (T.E.Y.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Hannah Horng
- Department of Bioengineering, the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Josephine A. Taverna
- Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Jianhua Ruan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (M.K.); (R.V.); (E.P.P.); (K.B.); (T.E.Y.); (A.K.D.)
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (M.K.); (R.V.); (E.P.P.); (K.B.); (T.E.Y.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Tim H.-M. Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (M.K.); (R.V.); (E.P.P.); (K.B.); (T.E.Y.); (A.K.D.)
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Correspondence: (H.-C.Y.); (C.-L.C.); Tel.: +1-512-471-7931 (H.-C.Y.); +1-210-562-4143 (C.-L.C.); Fax: +1-512-471-0616 (H.-C.Y.); +1-210-562-4161 (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8210 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail code: 8257, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.H.); (C.-K.L.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-W.C.); (C.-M.W.); (C.-L.L.); (N.B.K.); (T.H.-M.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.-C.Y.); (C.-L.C.); Tel.: +1-512-471-7931 (H.-C.Y.); +1-210-562-4143 (C.-L.C.); Fax: +1-512-471-0616 (H.-C.Y.); +1-210-562-4161 (C.-L.C.)
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Circulating Tumour Cells in Lung Cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 2019. [PMID: 31605226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26439-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) constitute a potential tumour surrogate that could serve as "liquid biopsy" with the advantage to be a minimally invasive approach compared to traditional tissue biopsies. As CTCs are thought to be the source of metastatic lesions, their analysis represents a potential means of tracking cancer cells from the primary tumour en route to distant sites, thus providing valuable insights into the metastatic process. However, several problems, such as their rarity in the peripheral blood, the technical limitations of single-cell downstream analysis and their phenotypic variability, make CTC detection and molecular characterisation very challenging. Nevertheless, in the last decade, there has been an exponential increase of interest in the development of powerful cellular and molecular methodologies applied to CTCs. In this chapter, we focus on the recent advances of functional studies and molecular profiling of CTCs. We will also highlight the clinical relevance of CTC detection and enumeration, and discuss their potential as tumour biomarkers with special focus on lung cancer.
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48
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Abstract
As an alternative target to surgically resected tissue specimens, liquid biopsy has gained much attention over the past decade. Of the various circulating biomarkers, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have particularly opened new windows into the metastatic cascade, with their functional, biochemical, and biophysical properties. Given the extreme rarity of intact CTCs and the associated technical challenges, however, analyses have been limited to bulk-cell strategies, missing out on clinically significant sources of information from cellular heterogeneity. With recent technological developments, it is now possible to probe genetic material of CTCs at the single-cell resolution to study spatial and temporal dynamics in circulation. Here, we discuss recent transcriptomic profiling efforts that enabled single-cell characterization of patient-derived CTCs spanning diverse cancer types. We further highlight how expression data of these putative biomarkers have advanced our understanding of metastatic spectrum and provided a basis for the development of CTC-based liquid biopsies to track, monitor, and predict the efficacy of therapy and any emergent resistance.
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Batth IS, Mitra A, Rood S, Kopetz S, Menter D, Li S. CTC analysis: an update on technological progress. Transl Res 2019; 212:14-25. [PMID: 31348892 PMCID: PMC6755047 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need for a more accurate, real-time assessment of tumor status and the probability of metastasis, relapse, or response to treatment. Conventional means of assessment include imaging and tissue biopsies that can be highly invasive, may not provide complete information of the disease's heterogeneity, and not ideal for repeat analysis. Therefore, a less-invasive means of acquiring similar information at greater time points is necessary. Liquid biopsies are samples of a patients' peripheral blood and hold potential of addressing these criteria. Ongoing research has revealed that a tumor can release circulating cells, genetic materials (DNA or RNA), and exosomes into circulation. These potential biomarkers can be captured in a liquid biopsy and analyzed to determine disease status. To achieve these goals, numerous technologies have been developed. In this review, we discuss both prominent and newly developed technologies for circulating tumor cell capture and analysis and their clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar S Batth
- Department of Pediatrics - Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abhisek Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics - Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - David Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics - Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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50
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Wark L, Quon H, Ong A, Drachenberg D, Rangel-Pozzo A, Mai S. Long-Term Dynamics of Three Dimensional Telomere Profiles in Circulating Tumor Cells in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen-Deprivation and Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081165. [PMID: 31416141 PMCID: PMC6721586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific assessment, disease monitoring, and the development of an accurate early surrogate of the therapeutic efficacy of locally advanced prostate cancer still remain a clinical challenge. Contrary to prostate biopsies, circulating tumor cell (CTC) collection from blood is a less-invasive method and has potential as a real-time liquid biopsy and as a surrogate marker for treatment efficacy. In this study, we used size-based filtration to isolate CTCs from the blood of 100 prostate cancer patients with high-risk localized disease. CTCs from five time points: +0, +2, +6, +12 and +24 months were analyzed. Consenting treatment-naïve patients with cT3, Gleason 8-10, or prostate-specific antigen > 20 ng/mL and non-metastatic prostate cancer were included. For all time points, we performed 3D telomere-specific quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization on a minimum of thirty isolated CTCs. The patients were divided into five groups based on the changes of number of telomeres vs. telomere lengths over time and into three clusters based on all telomere parameters found on diagnosis. Group 2 was classified as non-respondent to treatment and the Cluster 3 presented more aggressive phenotype. Additionally, we compared our telomere results with the PSA levels for each patient at 6 months of ADT, at 6 months of completed RT, and at 36 months post-initial therapy. CTCs of patients with PSA levels above or equal to 0.1 ng/mL presented significant increases of nuclear volume, number of telomeres, and telomere aggregates. The 3D telomere analysis of CTCs identified disease heterogeneity among a clinically homogeneous group of patients, which suggests differences in therapeutic responses. Our finding suggests a new opportunity for better treatment monitoring of patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon Wark
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Harvey Quon
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Aldrich Ong
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Darrel Drachenberg
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Sabine Mai
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
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