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Li SY, Tong MM, Li L, Hui F, Meng FZ, Zhao YL, Guo YM, Guo XY, Shi BL, Yan SM. Rectal microbiomes and serum metabolomics reveal the improved effect of Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharides on the lactation performance, antioxidant and immune responses of lactating donkeys. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00741-0. [PMID: 38608958 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharides (AOCP) on lactation performance, antioxidant status, and immune status of lactating donkeys and analyzing rectal microbiomes and serum metabolomes. Fourteen lactating Dezhou donkeys with similar age (6.16 ± 0.67 years of BW ± SD), weight (250.06 ± 25.18 kg), days in milk (39.11 ± 7.42 d), and averaged parity of 3 were randomly allocated into 2 treatments: a control group (CON, basal diet) and an AOCP group (AOCP, basal diet with 1.0 g/kg DM AOCP). Ten weeks were allotted for the experiment, 2 weeks for adaptation, and 8 weeks for collecting data and samples. The results showed that supplementation of donkey diets with AOCP increased lactation performance, including dry matter intake, milking yield, estimated milk yield, solids-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, milk lactose yield, milk total solids yield, and milk solid not fat yield. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber was increased in the AOCP group compared with the CON group. The AOCP group increased the concentrations of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M, the activities of the superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity in the serum. AOCP decreased the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde in the serum. Compared with the CON group, AOCP increased propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and total VFA concentrations in rectal feces (P < 0.05). The addition of AOCP to increased diversity (Shannon index) and altered structure of the rectal microflora. As a result of AOCP supplementation, there has been a significant improvement in the colonization of beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Unclassified_f_Prevotellacea, Ruminococcus, and Fibrobacter genera. In contrast, a decrease in the colonization of the Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 bacterial genus and other pathogenic bacteria was observed. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis found that AOCP supplementation upregulated metabolites L-tyrosine content while downregulating 9(S)-HODE, choline, sucrose, LysoPC (18:0), LysoPC (18:1(9Z), and LysoPC (20:2(11Z,14Z)) concentrations. These altered metabolites were involved in the PPAR signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and tyrosine metabolism pathways, which were mainly related to antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and protein metabolism in the lactating donkeys. As a consequence of feeding AOCP diets, beneficial bacteria were abundant, and antioxidant and protein metabolism-related pathways were enriched, which may enhance lactation performance in donkeys. Therefore, supplementing AOCP diets is a desirable dietary strategy to improve donkey health and lactation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - M M Tong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - L Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - F Hui
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - F Z Meng
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Y L Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Y M Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - X Y Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - B L Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - S M Yan
- Contribution number: Basic Research Fund for Universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Project No.BR22-13-13).
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Baroi AM, Fierascu I, Ghizdareanu AI, Trica B, Fistos T, Matei (Brazdis) RI, Fierascu RC, Firinca C, Sardarescu ID, Avramescu SM. Green Approach for Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties from Grapevine Waste Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4212. [PMID: 38673798 PMCID: PMC11050308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to study the possibilities of developing silver nanoparticles using natural extracts of grape pomace wastes originating from the native variety of Fetească Neagră 6 Șt. This study focused on investigating the influence of grape pomace extract obtained by two different extraction methods (classical temperature extraction and microwave-assisted extraction) in the phytosynthesis process of metal nanoparticles. The total phenolic content of the extracts was assessed using the spectrophotometric method with the Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent, while the identification and quantification of specific components were conducted through high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), along with assessing their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria. The data collected from the experiments indicated that the nanoparticles were formed in a relatively short period of time (96 h) and, for the experimental variant involving the use of a 1:1 ratio (v/v, grape pomace extract: silver nitrate) for the nanoparticle phytosynthesis, the smallest crystallite sizes (from X-ray diffraction-4.58 nm and 5.14 nm) as well as spherical or semispherical nanoparticles with the lowest average diameters were obtained (19.99-23 nm, from TEM analysis). The phytosynthesis process was shown to enhance the antioxidant properties (determined using the DPPH assay) and the antimicrobial potential (tested against Gram-positive strains) of the nanoparticles, as evidenced by comparing their properties with those of the parent extracts; at the same time, the nanoparticles exhibited a selectivity in action, being active against the Staphylococcus aureus strain while presenting no antimicrobial potential against the Enterococcus faecalis strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Maria Baroi
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.-I.G.); (B.T.); (T.F.); (R.I.M.); (R.C.F.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.-I.G.); (B.T.); (T.F.); (R.I.M.); (R.C.F.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra-Ionela Ghizdareanu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.-I.G.); (B.T.); (T.F.); (R.I.M.); (R.C.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Bogdan Trica
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.-I.G.); (B.T.); (T.F.); (R.I.M.); (R.C.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Toma Fistos
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.-I.G.); (B.T.); (T.F.); (R.I.M.); (R.C.F.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Ioana Matei (Brazdis)
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.-I.G.); (B.T.); (T.F.); (R.I.M.); (R.C.F.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.-I.G.); (B.T.); (T.F.); (R.I.M.); (R.C.F.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Firinca
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.-I.G.); (B.T.); (T.F.); (R.I.M.); (R.C.F.); (C.F.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Spl. Independenței, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Sardarescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Research and Development Institute for Biotechnology in Horticulture, Bucharet-Pitesti Str., 117715 Stefanesti, Romania
| | - Sorin Marius Avramescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Centre for Environmental Protection and Waste Management (PROTMED), University of Bucharest, 91–95 Spl. Independenței, Sect. 5, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
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Szumny D, Kucharska AZ, Czajor K, Bernacka K, Ziółkowska S, Krzyżanowska-Berkowska P, Magdalan J, Misiuk-Hojło M, Sozański T, Szeląg A. Extract from Aronia melanocarpa, Lonicera caerulea, and Vaccinium myrtillus Improves near Visual Acuity in People with Presbyopia. Nutrients 2024; 16:926. [PMID: 38612968 PMCID: PMC11013737 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Presbyopia is a global problem with an estimated 1.3 billion patients worldwide. In the area of functional food applications, dietary supplements or herbs, there are very few reports describing the positive effects of their use. In the available literature, there is a lack of studies in humans as well as on an animal model of extracts containing, simultaneously, compounds from the polyphenol group (in particular, anthocyanins) and iridoids, so we undertook a study of the effects of a preparation composed of these compounds on a condition of the organ of vision. Our previous experience on a rabbit model proved the positive effect of taking an oral extract of Cornus mas in stabilizing the intraocular pressure of the eye. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an orally administered ternary compound preparation on the status of physiological parameters of the ocular organ. The preparation contained an extract of the chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa, the honeysuckle berry Lonicera caerulea L., and the bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus (hereafter AKB) standardized for anthocyanins and iridoids, as bioactive compounds known from the literature. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study lasting with a "wash-out" period of 17 weeks evaluated a group of 23 people over the age of 50, who were subjects with presbyopia and burdened by prolonged work in front of screen monitors. The group of volunteers was recruited from people who perform white-collar jobs on a daily basis. The effects of the test substances contained in the preparation on visual acuity for distance and near, sense of contrast for distance and near, intraocular pressure, and conjunctival lubrication, tested by Schirmer test, LIPCOF index and TBUT test, and visual field test were evaluated. Anthocyanins (including cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, delphinidin 3-O-arabinoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside) and iridoids (including loganin, sweroside, loganic acid) were identified as substances present in the extract obtained by HPLC-MS. The preliminary results showed that the composition of AKB applied orally does not change visual acuity in the first 6 weeks of administration. Only in the next cycle of the study was an improvement in near visual acuity observed in 92.3% of the patients. This may indicate potential to correct near vision in presbyopic patients. On the other hand, an improvement in conjunctival wetting was observed in the Schirmer test at the beginning of week 6 of administration in 80% of patients. This effect was weakened in subsequent weeks of conducting the experiment to 61.5%. The improvement in conjunctival hydration in the Schirmer test shows the potential beneficial effect of the AKB formulation in a group of patients with dry eye syndrome. This is the first study of a preparation based on natural, standardized extracts of chokeberry, honeysuckle berry, and bilberry. Preliminary studies show an improvement in near visual acuity and conjunctival hydration on the Schirmer test, but this needs to be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Szumny
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.S.)
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (S.Z.); (P.K.-B.); (M.M.-H.)
| | - Alicja Zofia Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Karolina Czajor
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (S.Z.); (P.K.-B.); (M.M.-H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Bernacka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Sabina Ziółkowska
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (S.Z.); (P.K.-B.); (M.M.-H.)
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Berkowska
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (S.Z.); (P.K.-B.); (M.M.-H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Magdalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Misiuk-Hojło
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (S.Z.); (P.K.-B.); (M.M.-H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.S.)
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Chen C, Chen L, Mao C, Jin L, Wu S, Zheng Y, Cui Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Jiang H, Liu X. Natural Extracts for Antibacterial Applications. Small 2024; 20:e2306553. [PMID: 37847896 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria-induced epidemics and infectious diseases are seriously threatening the health of people around the world. In addition, antibiotic therapy has been inducing increasingly more serious bacterial resistance, which makes it urgent to develop new treatment strategies to combat bacteria, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Natural extracts displaying antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility have attracted much attention due to greater concerns about the safety of synthetic chemicals and emerging drug resistance. These antibacterial components can be isolated and utilized as antimicrobials, as well as transformed, combined, or wrapped with other substances by using modern assistive technologies to fight bacteria synergistically. This review summarizes recent advances in natural extracts from three kinds of sources-plants, animals, and microorganisms-for antibacterial applications. This work discusses the corresponding antibacterial mechanisms and the future development of natural extracts in antibacterial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Chen
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Congyang Mao
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liguo Jin
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Dell’Anno M, Frazzini S, Ferri I, Tuberti S, Bonaldo E, Botti B, Grossi S, Sgoifo Rossi CA, Rossi L. Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannin Supplementation on Neonatal Diarrhoea in Preweaning Calves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:237. [PMID: 38397835 PMCID: PMC10885919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) poses a significant health challenge in cattle herds, resulting in considerable economic losses and antimicrobial use. In response to the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance, viable alternatives are imperative, aligning with European policies. This study evaluated the in-milk supplementation of the chestnut and quebracho tannin extract in preweaning calves on performance, diarrhoea occurrence, Cryptosporidium spp. shedding, protein digestibility, and intestinal health. Twenty newborn calves were divided, after colostrum administration, into two experimental groups for 30 days as follows: the control (CTRL) was fed with whole milk and solid feed, and tannins (TAN) were fed whole milk supplemented with 6/g day of tannin extract and solid feed. Faecal samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30 for the evaluation of Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding and protein digestibility. Faecal consistency was evaluated during the sampling using the faecal score scale (0-3 scale, considering diarrhoea > 1). The results showed a significant reduction in diarrhoea frequency in the TAN compared to the CTRL group (p < 0.05) over 30 days of the trial. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was generally low (12%), considering all analysed samples. Protein digestibility revealed comparable values for the TAN and CTRL groups, suggesting that tannins did not negatively affect milk protein availability. In conclusion, the in-milk supplementation of 6/g day of the chestnut and quebracho tannin extract could be considered a valuable functional feed additive to decrease NCD occurrence, thus supporting animal health and decreasing antibiotic use in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dell’Anno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Sara Frazzini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Irene Ferri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Susanna Tuberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Elisa Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Benedetta Botti
- Freelance Veterinarian, Via Alessandrini, 4, Bogolese di Sorbolo, 43058 Parma, Italy;
| | - Silvia Grossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
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Agarwal LK, Anamika D, Nair R, Sharma S, Preethi D, Priyanka P, Dhaval Niranjan M, Santosh K. Antimicrobial effect of herbal and conventional root canal endodontic irrigants against persistent pathogens. Bioinformation 2023; 19:1312-1317. [PMID: 38415039 PMCID: PMC10895533 DOI: 10.6026/973206300191312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation and comparison of natural products like triphala, eucalyptus and carvacol with conventional root canal irrigant such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) and Chlorhexidine against persistent root canal pathogens like E. faecalis is of interest. Samples were taken both before irrigation as well as after irrigation. CFU was counted after the plates had been incubated overnight at temperature of 37°C overnight. The herbal products showed antibacterial effectiveness against persistent root canal pathogens like E. faecalis. The antibacterial effectiveness was high in NaOCL, chlorhexidine and eucalyptus extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Deb Anamika
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Bhabha College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, M.P., India
| | - Rashmi Nair
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, D Y Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Durairaj Preethi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D. Y Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Panikkar Priyanka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D. Y Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mehta Dhaval Niranjan
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Kumar Santosh
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, U.P., India
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Li S, Guo Y, Guo X, Shi B, Ma G, Yan S, Zhao Y. Effects of Artemisia ordosica Crude Polysaccharide on Antioxidant and Immunity Response, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbiota in Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3575. [PMID: 38003192 PMCID: PMC10668836 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharide (AOCP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant and immunity capacity, rumen fermentation parameters, and the microbiota of cashmere goats. A total of 12 cashmere goats (2 years old) with similar weight (38.03 ± 2.42 kg of BW ± SD) were randomly divided into two dietary treatments with six replicates. The treatments were as follows: (1) control (CON, basal diet); and (2) AOCP treatment (AOCP, basal diet with 0.3% AOCP). Pre-feeding was conducted for 7 days, followed by an experimental period of 21 days. The results showed that the ADG; feed/gain (F/G); and the digestibility of DM, CP, and ADF of cashmere goats in the AOCP group were greater than in the CON group (p < 0.05). Still, there was no significant effect on the digestibility of EE, NDF, Ca, and P (p > 0.05). Compared to the CON group, AOCP increased BCP, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and TVFA concentrations (p < 0.05), but it reduced the protozoa numbers of acetate and A/P (p < 0.05). The serum CAT, GSH-Px, T-SOD, 1L-6, and NO levels were higher in AOCP than in the CON group (p < 0.05). The addition of AOCP increased the Sobs and Ace estimators (p < 0.05) and reduced the Simpson estimator in the ruminal fluid compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the AOCP group increased the colonization of beneficial bacteria by positively influencing GSH-Px and IL-6 (norank_f__F082, unclassified_p__Firmicutes), as well as bacteria negatively associated with F/G (norank_f__norank_o__Bacteroidales, unclassified_p__Firmicutes, and norank_f__F082). It decreased the colonization of potential pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas and Escherichia-Shigella) (p < 0.05) compared to the CON group. In conclusion, 0.3% AOCP improves the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, immune function, rumen fermentation, and microflora of cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sumei Yan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China; (S.L.); (Y.G.); (X.G.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China; (S.L.); (Y.G.); (X.G.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
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Salas E, Oliveira J, Perez-Gregorio R. Editorial: Natural extracts as food ingredients: from chemistry to health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1306307. [PMID: 38024357 PMCID: PMC10651214 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1306307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Salas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde da Rede de Química e Tecnologia (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perez-Gregorio
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde da Rede de Química e Tecnologia (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food and Agroecology Institute, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food and Health Omics Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-UVIGO), Ourense, Spain
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Yehya M, Boulghobra D, Grillet PE, Fleitas-Paniagua PR, Bideaux P, Gayrard S, Sicard P, Thireau J, Reboul C, Cazorla O. Natural Extracts Mitigate the Deleterious Effects of Prolonged Intense Physical Exercise on the Cardiovascular and Muscular Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1474. [PMID: 37508012 PMCID: PMC10376415 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a common symptom induced by exercise. A reversible loss of muscle force is observed with variable rates of recovery depending on the causes or underlying mechanisms. It can not only affect locomotion muscles, but can also affect the heart, in particular after intense prolonged exercise such as marathons and ultra-triathlons. The goal of our study was to explore the effect of four different natural extracts with recognized antioxidant properties on the contractile function of skeletal (locomotion) and cardiac muscles after a prolonged exhausting exercise. Male Wistar rats performed a bout of exhausting exercise on a treadmill for about 2.5 h and were compared to sedentary animals. Some rats received oral treatment of a natural extract (rosemary, buckwheat, Powergrape®, or rapeseed) or the placebo 24 h and 1 h before exercise. Experiments were performed 30 min after the race and after 7 days of recovery. All natural extracts had protective effects both in cardiac and skeletal muscles. The extent of protection was different depending on muscle type and the duration post-exercise (just after and after one-week recovery), including antiarrhythmic effect and anti-diastolic dysfunction for the heart, and faster recovery of contractility for the skeletal muscles. Moreover, the muscular protective effect varied between natural extracts. Our study shows that an acute antioxidant supplementation can protect against acute abnormal endogenous ROS toxicity, induced here by prolonged exhausting exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Yehya
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- UPR-4278, Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Doria Boulghobra
- UPR-4278, Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Grillet
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Patrice Bideaux
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Gayrard
- UPR-4278, Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérome Thireau
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- UPR-4278, Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Diaz-Vega B, Rodriguez-Fabuel C, Vitores-Mate S, Carpena-Torres C. Lid scrubbing with a gel combining natural extracts for dry eye treatment. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1053-1059. [PMID: 37465519 PMCID: PMC10333254 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.07.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of lid scrubbing using a gel combining different natural extracts on ocular signs and symptoms of dry eye patients. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 19 dry eye patients (51.1±16.0y). Non-invasive tear break-up time, tear meniscus height, meibomian gland loss, lipid layer thickness, conjunctival redness, corneal staining, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and ocular pain intensity were measured before (baseline), 1wk, and 2mo after lid scrubbing with a gel containing different natural extracts (okra extract, aloe vera leaf juice, hydrolysed soy protein, caffeine, citrus unshiu peel extract, and raspberry seed oil). RESULTS Compared with the baseline, there was a statistically significant improvement in both first (P=0.048) and average (P=0.026) non-invasive tear break-up time 2mo after treatment, as well as in corneal staining (P=0.043, 0.012), OSDI (P<0.001), and ocular pain intensity (P<0.001) after 1wk and 2mo. In addition, there was no correlation between ocular signs and symptoms. CONCLUSION The lid scrubbing with a gel combining different natural extracts show beneficial effects on tear film stability, corneal damage, and ocular symptoms, which is the reason why this therapeutic procedure is proposed as an alternative for dry eye management. However, it is not possible to attribute this beneficial effect solely to the presence of the natural extracts in the gel, primarily due to the absence of a negative control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Carpena-Torres
- Ocupharm Research Group, Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28037, Spain
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Kim YR, Nam SH. Halitosis Relief Effect of Mouthwash Containing Lespedeza cuneata Extract: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Oral Health Prev Dent 2023; 21:251-258. [PMID: 37439803 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4211059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a mouthwash containing Lespedeza cuneata extract (LCE) on halitosis as an alternative to chemical mouthwashes. The effect of this natural mouthwash on halitosis-causing bacteria (HCB) was clinically evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 84 subjects among 103 participants were recruited from the M Dental Clinic (Busan, South Korea) in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The participants were divided into two groups: 41 in the saline-gargle group (saline group) and 43 in the LCE-gargle group (LCE group). A week before the experiment, scaling and oral health education were conducted to standardise the subjects' oral condition. For clinical evaluation, halitosis and HCB were evaluated pre-gargle (baseline), immediately after gargling (treatment), and 5 days after gargling (5 days post-treatment). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows. RESULTS The level of subjective improvement was statistically significantly greater in the LCE group than the saline group (p < 0.05). Compared with the saline group, the LCE group showed reduced halitosis after 5 days of application. Furthermore, halitosis statistically significantly decreased over time (p < 0.05). Moreover, the LCE group showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of all six HCBs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION LCE gargle was effective in reducing halitosis both subjectively and objectively, suggesting an antibacterial effect on HCBs in the oral cavity. Thus, LCE, which can be used as a safe mouthwash ingredient, can promote oral health and will be valuable for the oral healthcare product industry. It might also be helpful for people suffering from halitosis.
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Madureira J, Melgar B, Alves VD, Moldão-Martins M, Margaça FMA, Santos-Buelga C, Barros L, Cabo Verde S. Effect of Olive Pomace Extract Application and Packaging Material on the Preservation of Fresh-Cut Royal Gala Apples. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091926. [PMID: 37174463 PMCID: PMC10178254 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of natural olive pomace extracts for enhancing the quality of fresh-cut apples was compared with commercial ascorbic acid and two different packaging films (biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and oriented polypropylene (OPP)) were tested. The composition of atmosphere inside the packages, the physicochemical parameters (firmness, weight loss and color), the microbial load, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut apples were evaluated throughout 12 days of storage at 4 °C. After 12 days of refrigerated storage, a significant decrease in O2 was promoted in PLA films, and the weight loss of the whole packaging was higher in PLA films (5.4%) than in OPP films (0.2%). Natural olive pomace extracts reduced the load of mesophilic bacteria (3.4 ± 0.1 log CFU/g and 2.4 ± 0.1 log CFU/g for OPP and PLA films, respectively) and filamentous fungi (3.3 ± 0.1 log CFU/g and 2.44 ± 0.05 log CFU/g for OPP and PLA films, respectively) growth in fresh-cut apples after five days of storage at 4 °C, and no detection of coliforms was verified throughout the 12 days of storage. In general, the olive pomace extract preserved or improved the total phenolic index and antioxidant potential of the fruit, without significant changes in their firmness. Moreover, this extract seemed to be more effective when combined with the biodegradable PLA film packaging. This work can contribute to the availability of effective natural food additives, the sustainability of the olive oil industries and the reduction of environmental impact. It can also be useful in meeting the food industries requirements to develop new functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Madureira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Loures, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bruno Melgar
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vítor D Alves
- LEAF-Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Moldão-Martins
- LEAF-Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda M A Margaça
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Loures, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia Producción, Agrícola y Medioambiente (Agrienvironment), Parque Científico, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cabo Verde
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Loures, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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Madureira J, Gonçalves S, Santos-Buelga C, Margaça FMA, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L, Cabo Verde S. Microbiota Assessment of Fresh-Cut Apples Packaged in Two Different Films. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1157. [PMID: 37317130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the natural microbiota of packed fresh-cut apples during refrigerated storage. Two different films were tested for the package, a biodegradable (PLA) film and a conventional and commercial one (OPP). Two antioxidant additives were applied, a natural olive pomace extract and the commercial ascorbic acid used by the industries. The results revealed lower bacteria counts in samples with olive pomace extract and PLA films than in those with ascorbic acid and OPP films after 5 and 12 days of storage. These findings suggest that the use of such natural extracts as additives in fruits could delay the growth of mesophilic bacteria. The characterization and identification of the bacterial isolates from fresh-cut apple samples showed that the most prevalent species were Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus warneri, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Alcalinogenes faecalis, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Micrococcus spp., Pantoea aglomerans and Bacillus spp. Furthermore, an increase in the microbial diversity during the storage time at refrigerated temperatures was observed, except for the sample treated with olive pomace extract and packaged in OPP film. The highest microbial diversity was found for samples with ascorbic acid as an additive. This could indicate a negative effect of ascorbic acid on the microbial inhibition of apple slices. The natural olive pomace extract demonstrated potential as an antimicrobial additive for fresh-cut apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Madureira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EstradaNacional 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Loures, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Gonçalves
- ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia Producción, Agrícola y Medioambiente (AGRIENVIRONMENT), Parque Científico, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernanda M A Margaça
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EstradaNacional 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Loures, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Loures, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cabo Verde
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EstradaNacional 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Loures, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, ao km 139.7, 2695-066 Loures, Portugal
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Arrighi F, Granese A, Chimenti P, Guglielmi P. Novel therapeutic opportunities for Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis infections. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:211-245. [PMID: 37099697 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2206017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis are the causative agents of Toxoplasmosis, Trichomoniasis and Giardiasis, three important infections threatening human health and affecting millions of people worldwide. Although drugs and treatment are available to fight these protozoan parasites, side-effects and increasing drug resistance, require continuous efforts for the development of novel effective drugs. AREAS COVERED The patents search was carried out in September/October 2022 with four official scientific databases (Espacenet, Scifinder, Reaxys, Google Patents). Treatments for Toxoplasmosis, Trichomoniasis and Giardiasis (2015-2022) have been grouped according to their chemotypes. In particular, novel chemical entities have been reported and investigated for their structure-activity relationship, when accessible. On the other hand, drug repurposing, extensively exploited to obtain novel anti-protozoal treatment, has been in-depth described. Finally, natural metabolites and extracts have also been reported. EXPERT OPINION T. gondii, T. vaginalis and G. intestinalis are protozoan infections usually controlled by immune system in immunocompetent patients; however, they could represent a threatening health for immunocompromised people. The needs of novel effective drugs, endowed with new mechanisms of actions arises from the increasing drug resistance affecting antibiotic as well as antiprotozoal therapies. In this review different therapeutic approaches to treat protozoan infections have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arrighi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Granese
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Hamad G, Hafez EE, Sobhy SE, Mehany T, Elfayoumy RA, Elghazaly EM, Eskander M, Tawfik RG, Hussein SM, Pereira L. Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071466. [PMID: 37048287 PMCID: PMC10093640 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to detect Clostridium botulinum and its control using natural leaf extracts of Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus unshiu in Egyptian fish products, e.g., canned tuna, canned sardine, canned mackerel, fesikh, moloha, and renga, as well the application of C. limon in tuna. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the C. limon leaf extract was also estimated. In the water extract, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined by volumetric, aluminum chloride, and Folin-Ciocalteu approaches, respectively. The antioxidant ability of the extract was analyzed in vitro via free radical scavenging (DPPH) and Ferric reducing assays. The results showed variability in the distribution of the total number of positive C. botulinum in fish samples from three different governorates under study, which were (24) Alexandria, (16) Beheira, and (17) Gharbia, out of the 120 tested samples in each governorate. Additionally, the findings revealed that all three Citrus extracts contain an appropriate number of secondary metabolites, with a sustainable presence of saponin and tannins in the C. limon extract. Furthermore, all Citrus extracts inhibited bacterial growth by increasing the inhibition zone, with C. limon being the best extract (25 mm) compared to C. sinensis and C. unshiu. The overall results showed the high antioxidant and anti-Clostridium powers (p < 0.05) of C. limon leaf extract, indicating its preservative activity in fishery products during storage. Finally, C. limon leaf extract can fight off C. botulinum and is considered a promising natural preservation candidate in ensuring safe and fresh fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Hamad
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Sherien E Sobhy
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Taha Mehany
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Reham A Elfayoumy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Eman M Elghazaly
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
| | - Michael Eskander
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Rasha G Tawfik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Saleh M Hussein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Leonel Pereira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Eckardt J, Sepperer T, Cesprini E, Šket P, Tondi G. Comparing Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins for Mechanical Foaming of Furanic Foams: Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062799. [PMID: 36985772 PMCID: PMC10056537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the potential of hydrolysable tannin in comparison to condensed tannins for the production of furanic foams. The results indicate that chestnut tannin presents lower reactivity and requires a stronger acid for the polymerization. Additionally, foamability and density were found to be dependent on both surfactant concentration and tannin type, allowing lower densities for mimosa tannin and lower thermal conductivities for chestnut-based foams. Mimosa tannin was found to have the highest compression strength, followed by quebracho and chestnut, promising thermal conductivity of around 50 mW/m·K for 300 kg/m3 foams, which suggests that chestnut foams have the potential to performing highly when the density is reduced. Chemical analysis revealed that the methylene moieties of the furanics are non-specific and produces new covalent bonds with nucleophilic substrates: -OH groups and free-positions in the flavonoids. Overall, this study opens new perspectives for the application of hydrolysable tannins in polymer and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eckardt
- TESAF Department, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Thomas Sepperer
- Department of Green Engineering and Circular Design, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Marktstraße 136a, 5431 Kuchl, Austria
| | - Emanuele Cesprini
- TESAF Department, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Primož Šket
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gianluca Tondi
- TESAF Department, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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17
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Ben Moula A, Rahim A, Chentouf M, Raes M, Kirschvink N, El Amiri B. Inclusion of Spirulina platensis and Salvia verbenaca extracts to boost semen quality and fertilization ability in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:637-645. [PMID: 36807565 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) and Salvia verbenaca (SV) extracts added to skimmed milk (SM) extender on ram sperm quality and fertility. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina, extended in SM to reach a final concentration of 0.8 × 109 spermatozoa/mL, stored at 4°C and evaluated at 0, 5 H and 24 H. The experiment has been performed in three steps. Firstly, from four extracts (methanol: MeOH, acetone: Ac, ethyl acetate: EtOAc and hexane: Hex) of SP and SV, only acetonic and hexanoic extracts of SP and acetonic and methanolic extracts of SV showed the highest in vitro antioxidant activities and were then selected for the following step. Thereafter, the effects of four concentrations (1.25, 3.75, 6.25, and 8.75 μg/mL) of each selected extract on stored sperm motility were evaluated. The output of this trial led to select the best concentrations having beneficial effects on sperm quality parameters (viability, abnormalities, membrane integrity, and lipid peroxidation) and fertility after insemination. The results showed that the same concentration (1.25 μg/mL) of both Ac-SP and Hex-SP, as well as 3.75 μg/mL of Ac-SV and 6.25 μg/mL of MeOH-SV, maintain all sperm quality parameters at 4°C during 24 H of storage. Besides, no difference was found in fertility between the selected extracts and the control. In conclusion, SP and SV extracts were shown to improve the quality of ram sperm and to maintain fertility rate after insemination as similar or competitive to many previous studies published in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Ben Moula
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Rahim
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Settat, Morocco
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center for Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Tangier, Morocco
| | - Marianne Raes
- Integrated Veterinary Research Unit, Narilis, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Unit of molecular physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Narilis, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Bouchra El Amiri
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Settat, Morocco.,African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
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18
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Sorrenti V, Burò I, Consoli V, Vanella L. Recent Advances in Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from Food Wastes and By-Products: Biochemical Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing constituents, exert various beneficial effects arising from their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds can be found in vegetables, fruits, grains, spices and their derived foods and beverages such as tea, olive oil, fruit juices, wine, chocolate and beer. Agricultural production and the food supply chain are major sources of food wastes, which can become resources, as they are rich in bioactive compounds. The aim of this review is to highlight recent articles demonstrating the numerous potential uses of products and by-products of the agro-food supply chain, which can have various applications.
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19
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Calheiros D, Dias MI, Calhelha RC, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Fernandes C, Gonçalves T. Antifungal Activity of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36838208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular and consumed products in the world, generating tons of solid waste known as spent coffee grounds (SCG), containing several bioactive compounds. Here, the antifungal activity of ethanolic SCG extract from caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee capsules was evaluated against yeasts and filamentous fungi. These extracts had antifungal activity against Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum, all skin fungal agents. Moreover, SCG had fungicidal activity against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. To understand the underlying mechanisms of the antifungal activity, fungal cell membrane and cell wall components were quantified. SCG caused a significant reduction of the ergosterol, chitin, and β-(1,3)-glucan content of C. parapsilosis, revealing the synthesis of this membrane component and cell wall components as possible targets of these extracts. These extracts were cytotoxic for the tumoral cell lines tested but not for the non-tumoral PLP2 cell line. The analysis of the phenolic compounds of these extracts revealed the presence of caffeoylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, and caffeoylshikimic acid derivatives. Overall, this confirmed the antifungal activity of spent coffee grounds, presenting a potential increase in the sustainability of the life cycle of coffee grounds, as a source for the development of novel antifungal formulations, especially for skin or mucosal fungal infections.
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Bonetti A, Piva A, Grilli E. Botanicals as a zinc oxide alternative to protect intestinal cells from an Escherichia coli F4 infection in vitro by modulation of enterocyte inflammatory response and bacterial virulence. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1141561. [PMID: 36968476 PMCID: PMC10033929 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1141561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) have been widely used in pig industry to control post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) symptoms exacerbated by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 infections. Because of environmental issues and regulatory restrictions, ZnO is no longer sustainable, and novel nutritional alternatives to manage PWD are urgently required. Botanicals represent a wide class of compounds employed in animal nutrition because of their diverse beneficial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro protective action of a panel of essential oils and natural extracts on intestinal Caco-2 cells against an E. coli F4 infection. Moreover, we explored the potential mechanisms of action of all the botanicals compared to ZnO. Amongst the others, thyme essential oil, grape seed extract, and Capsicum oleoresin were the most effective in maintaining epithelial integrity and reducing bacterial translocation. Their mechanism of action was related to the modulation of cellular inflammatory response, the protection of tight junctions' expression and function, and the control of bacterial virulence, thus resembling the positive functions of ZnO. Moreover, despite their mild effects on the host side, ginger and tea tree essential oils provided promising results in the control of pathogen adhesion when employed during the challenge. These outcomes support the advantages of employing selected botanicals to manage E. coli F4 infections in vitro, therefore offering novel environmentally-friendly alternatives to pharmacological doses of ZnO capable to modulate host-pathogen interaction at different levels during PWD in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Piva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ester Grilli
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21
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Paulo F, Tavares L, Santos L. Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of the Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Olive Mill Pomace. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238620. [PMID: 36500712 PMCID: PMC9741320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from olive mill pomace (OMP) were extracted through a two-step solid-liquid extraction procedure considering four factors at five levels of a central composite rotatable response surface design. The influence of the process variables time of the primary extraction (2.0-4.0 h), solvent-to-sample ratio during the primary extraction (5.0-10.0 mL/g), time of the secondary extraction (1.0-2.0 h), and the solvent-to-sample ratio during the secondary extraction (3.0-5.0 mL/g) were examined. The content of bioactive compounds was determined spectrophotometrically, and the individual phenolic compounds were evaluated by reserved-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The Derringer's function was used to optimize the extraction process, and the best conditions were found to be 3.2 h for the primary extraction, 10.0 mL/g for the solvent-to-sample ratio and 1.3 h for the secondary extraction associated with a solvent-to-sample ratio of 3.0 mL/g, obtaining a total phenolic content of 50.0 (expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (dw). The response surface methodology proved to be a great alternative for reducing the number of tests, allowing the optimization of the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from OMP with a reduced number of experiments, promoting reductions in cost and analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Paulo
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Loleny Tavares
- ESAN—School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal 449, Oliveira de Azeméis, 3720-509 Santiago de Riba-Ul, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Santos
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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22
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Fernández-Prior Á, Bermúdez-Oria A, Fernández-Bolaños J, Espejo-Calvo JA, López-Maestro F, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G. Evolution of Hydroxytyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol 4-β-d-Glucoside, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol and Tyrosol in Olive Oil Solid Waste or "Alperujo". Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36500472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The main by-product generated from the olive oil two-phase extraction system, or alperujo, is undoubtedly a rich source of bioactive components, among which phenolics are one of the most important. The evolution of four of its main phenolics: hydroxytyrosol (HT), hydroxytyrosol 4-β-d-glucoside (Glu-HT), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and tyrosol (Ty) was studied over two seasons and in ten oil mills under similar climatological and agronomic conditions, for the first time using organic extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) determination. The results show that HT (200-1600 mg/kg of fresh alperujo) and Ty (10-570 mg/kg) increase, while DHPG (10-370 mg/kg) decreases only in the last month of the season and Glu-HT (1400-0 mg/kg) decreases drastically from the beginning. This evolution is similar between different seasons, with a high correlation between Glu-HT, HT, and Ty. On the other hand, it has been verified that a mixture of alperujos from all the oil mills, which is what the pomace extractor receives, is a viable source of a liquid fraction which is rich in the phenolics studied through organic extractions and especially after the application of a thermal treatment, obtaining values of 4.2 g/L of HT, 0.36 g/L of DHPG, and 0.49 g/L of Ty in the final concentrated liquid fraction.
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23
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Castillo A, Celeiro M, Rubio L, Bañobre A, Otero-Otero M, Garcia-Jares C, Lores M. Optimization of bioactives extraction from grape marc via a medium scale ambient temperature system and stability study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008457. [PMID: 36386901 PMCID: PMC9650278 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A scalable procedure with minimum energy requirements, MSAT (Medium Scale Ambient Temperature), in combination with solvents generally recognized as safe (GRAS), has been optimized to obtain polyphenolic extracts from white grape (Vitis vinifera) marc. The solvents considered were propylene glycol (Pg), ethanol (Et), and ethyl lactate (Lc), as well as their respective hydro-organic mixtures. In a first approach, the operating parameters were optimized through a response surface matrix: extraction solvent volume (range 10-150 mL), marc mass (range 20-200 g) and marc/dispersant mass ratio (range 0.5-2 g⋅g-1), using the total polyphenol content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts as response parameters. The highest TPC (5,918 mgGAE⋅L-1) and AA (44 mmolTE⋅L-1) values were obtained using 200 g marc and 100 mL solvent. Regarding the type of solvent, a better response was reached with Lc > Et > Pg > H2O obtaining a polyphenol concentration of 252 mg⋅L-1 for the hydro-organic isovolumetric ratio of ethyl lactate. In addition, the stability of the extracts was studied for 62 days. The effect of factors such as temperature, light exposure, and oxidative reactivity was evaluated. The bioactivity indices showed no changes with the storage conditions of the extracts in the first month of analysis, after which 75% of the antioxidant activity as the concentration of the polyphenolic profile (204 mg⋅L-1) remains. The absence of reactive oxygen and the cooling of the extract (4°C) were the most determining factors (p < 0.05) in modulating the stability of the total polyphenolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Celeiro
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Rubio
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Bañobre
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Otero-Otero
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Lores
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Salem Y, Rajha HN, van den Broek LAM, Safi C, Togtema A, Manconi M, Manca ML, Debs E, Hobaika Z, Maroun RG, Louka N. Multi-Step Biomass Fractionation of Grape Seeds from Pomace, a Zero-Waste Approach. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2831. [PMID: 36365284 PMCID: PMC9658473 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grape seeds are the wineries' main by-products, and their disposal causes ecological and environmental problems. In this study seeds from the pomace waste of autochthonous grape varieties from Lebanon, Obeidi (white variety) and Asswad Karech (red variety) were used for a multi-step biomass fractionation. For the first step, a lipid extraction was performed, and the obtained yield was 12.33% (w/w) for Obeidi and 13.04% (w/w) for Asswad Karech. For the second step, polyphenols' recovery from the defatted seeds was carried out, resulting in 12.0% (w/w) for Obeidi and 6.6% (w/w) for Asswad Karech, with Obeidi's extract having the highest total phenolic content (333.1 ± 1.6 mg GAE/g dry matter) and antioxidant activity (662.17 ± 0.01 µg/mL of Trolox equivalent). In the third step, the defatted and dephenolized seeds were subsequently extracted under alkaline conditions and the proteins were isoelectric precipitated. The recovered protein extract was 3.90% (w/w) for Obeidi and 4.11% (w/w) for Asswad Karech seeds, with Asswad Karech's extract having the highest protein content (64 ± 0.2 mg protein/g dry matter). The remaining exhausted residue can be valorized in cosmetic scrubs formulations as a replacement for plastic microbeads. The designed zero-waste approach multi-step biomass fractionation has the potential to improve the valorization of the side products (grape seeds) of these two Lebanese autochthonous grape varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Salem
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | | | - Carl Safi
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Togtema
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Manconi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology Sardinia CNBS, Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology Sardinia CNBS, Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Hobaika
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
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25
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Fierascu IC, Fierascu I, Baroi AM, Ungureanu C, Ortan A, Avramescu SM, Somoghi R, Fierascu RC, Dinu-Parvu CE. Phytosynthesis of Biological Active Silver Nanoparticles Using Echinacea purpurea L. Extracts. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15207327. [PMID: 36295404 PMCID: PMC9609611 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With their phytoconstituents acting as reducing and capping agents, natural extracts can be considered a viable alternative for the obtaining of metallic nanoparticles. The properties of phytosynthesized nanoparticles are dependent upon size and morphology, which, in turn, can be tailored by adjusting different parameters of the phytosynthesis process (such as the extracts' composition). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate, for the first time in the literature, the influence of the extraction method and extract concentration on the morphological and biological properties (antioxidant and antibacterial activity) of silver nanoparticles phytosynthesized using Echinacea pupurea L. extracts. The obtained results revealed that the use of the low-concentration Echinacea hydro-alcoholic extract obtained via classical temperature extraction led to the development of nanoparticles with the smallest dimensions (less than 10 nm), compared with the use of extracts obtained with higher concentrations and the extract obtained via the microwave method. The developed nanomaterials exhibited enhanced antioxidant effects (determined via the DPPH assay) and antimicrobial properties (against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans), compared with the parent extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Catalina Fierascu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu Str., 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anda Maria Baroi
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Ungureanu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Ortan
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Marius Avramescu
- Research Center for Environmental Protection and Waste Management (PROTMED), University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Somoghi
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Dinu-Parvu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu Str., 030167 Bucharest, Romania
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Vilhelmova-Ilieva N, Petrova Z, Georgieva A, Tzvetanova E, Trepechova M, Mileva M. Anti-Coronavirus Efficiency and Redox-Modulating Capacity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Traditional Bulgarian Medicinal Plants. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12071088. [PMID: 35888176 PMCID: PMC9319587 DOI: 10.3390/life12071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: The use of various herbal therapists as part of traditional medicine in different parts of the world, including Bulgaria, is due to the knowledge accumulated over the centuries by people about their valuable biological activities. In this study, we investigate extracts from widely used Bulgarian medicinal plants for their ability to prevent the coronavirus infection of cells by testing different mechanisms of antiviral protection, their polyphenol content, and redox-modulating capacity. Methods: The influence on the stage of viral adsorption, the inhibition of extracellular virions, and the protective effect on uninfected cells of the plant’s extracts were reported by the end-point dilution method, and virus titer (in Δ lgs) was determined as compared to the untreated controls. The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids was also determined. We tested the antioxidant power of the extracts by their ability to inhibit the generation of superoxide anionic radicals and to scavenge DPPH radicals. We determined their iron-reducing, copper-reducing, and metal-chelating antioxidant powers. Results: Most of the extracts tested suppress the extracellular virions of HCov. They also inhibit the stage of viral adsorption to the host cell to varying degrees and have a protective effect on healthy cells before being subjected to viral invasion. The examined extracts contained significant levels of polyphenols and quercetin-like flavonoids and showed remarkable antioxidant, radical, and redox-modulating effects. Conclusions: All of these 13 extracts from Bulgarian medicinal plants tested can act as antioxidants and antiviral and symptomatic drugs for the management of coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Vilhelmova-Ilieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.V.-I.); (Z.P.); (A.G.); (E.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Zdravka Petrova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.V.-I.); (Z.P.); (A.G.); (E.T.); (M.T.)
- Institute of Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 25 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Almira Georgieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.V.-I.); (Z.P.); (A.G.); (E.T.); (M.T.)
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bontchev St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Tzvetanova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.V.-I.); (Z.P.); (A.G.); (E.T.); (M.T.)
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bontchev St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Madlena Trepechova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.V.-I.); (Z.P.); (A.G.); (E.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Milka Mileva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.V.-I.); (Z.P.); (A.G.); (E.T.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-899-151-169
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Dos Santos LR, Alía A, Martin I, Gottardo FM, Rodrigues LB, Borges KA, Furian TQ, Córdoba JJ. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and natural plant extracts against Listeria monocytogenes in a dry-cured ham-based model. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1729-1735. [PMID: 34378213 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread common contaminant in food production facilities during preparation, storage, and distribution, and minimally processed ready-to-eat products are considered at high risk of contamination by this bacterium. Increased antibiotic resistance has led researchers to search for plant-based natural alternatives to control pathogenic microorganisms. Among these products, essential oils and plant extracts have previously shown antimicrobial activity and are possible alternatives to manage food pathogens. In this study, commercial essential oils (cinnamon, clove, oregano, ginger, and thyme) and plant extracts (pomegranate, acorn, olive, strawberry tree, and dog rose) were tested against L. monocytogenes in a dry-cured ham-based model. RESULTS Essential oils and plant extracts were screened by agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration for anti-L. monocytogenes activity. Cinnamon, pomegranate, and strawberry trees returned the strongest results and were therefore evaluated in a dry-cured ham-based medium assay with water activity of 0.93 or 0.95. The 10% essential oil of cinnamon was capable of completely inhibiting bacterial growth, while strawberry tree and pomegranate extract also showed antilisterial activity (P > 0.05). Water activity influenced the bacterial count of L. monocytogenes in a dry-cured ham-based medium. CONCLUSIONS There was a reduction in L. monocytogenes with the application of cinnamon essential oil but, because of the negative sensory impact of this particular compound in meat products, we suggest the use of pomegranate or strawberry tree for the biocontrol of Listeria in ready-to-eat products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana R Dos Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alberto Alía
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Irene Martin
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Gottardo
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Laura B Rodrigues
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan J Córdoba
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Martínez-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Olcina M, Mora J, Navarro P, Caturla N, Jones J. Anxiolytic Effect and Improved Sleep Quality in Individuals Taking Lippia citriodora Extract. Nutrients 2022; 14:218. [PMID: 35011093 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current fast-moving, hectic lifestyle has increased the number of individuals worldwide with difficulties in managing stress, which in turn is also affecting their sleep quality. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess a natural plant-based dietary supplement comprised of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) extract, purified in phenylpropanoids, in alleviating stress and improving quality of sleep. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Both validated questionnaires and functional tests were performed during the study, whereas questionnaires were used after the washout. As a result, the group taking the lemon verbena extract significantly reduced their perception of stress after 8 weeks, which was corroborated by a significant decrease in cortisol levels. After the washout period, the subjects reported to present even lower stress levels, due to the lasting effect of the ingredient. As for sleep quality, the subjects taking the supplement reported feeling better rested, with a stronger effect observed in women. Sleep tracking using a wearable device revealed that the supplement users improved their times in the deeper stages of sleep, specifically their percentage of time in deep sleep and REM. In conclusion, lemon verbena extract purified in phenylpropanoids is revealed as a natural solution to help individuals to improve their stress and sleep quality.
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Efimova SS, Zlodeeva PD, Shekunov EV, Ostroumova OS. The Mechanisms of Lipid Vesicle Fusion Inhibition by Extracts of Chaga and Buckthorn Leaves. Biochem (Mosc) Suppl Ser A Membr Cell Biol 2022; 16:311-319. [PMCID: PMC9735229 DOI: 10.1134/s199074782205004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of extracts of grapefruit seeds (ESG), sea buckthorn leaves (ESBL), and chaga (EC) to inhibit membrane fusion was evaluated. It was found that ESBL and EC inhibited Ca2+-mediated fusion of phosphatidylglycerol-enriched lipid vesicles; the inhibition indexes were about 90 and 100%, respectively. ESG did not inhibit the fusion of negatively charged liposomes induced by calcium. In addition to calcium-mediated liposome fusion, EC inhibited the fusion of vesicles from a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol under the action of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 8000 Da (the inhibition index was 80%). The other two extracts had no effect on polymer-induced fusion of uncharged membranes. The effect of some major components of the tested extracts on the fusion of vesicles was evaluated. It has been shown that flavonols, quercetin and myricetin, which are major components of ESBL, inhibited the fusion of negatively charged membranes under the action of calcium (the inhibition indexes were about 85 and 60%, respectively). Another flavonol of ESBL, the glycoside of quercetin rutin, did not have such an effect. The data obtained made it possible to relate the ESBL suppression of calcium-induced fusion of lipid vesicles with the presence of quercetin and myricetin in its composition. These flavonols had virtually no effect on polyethylene glycol-induced vesicle fusion, which is consistent with the absence of ESBL action on liposome fusion under the action of polymer. The ability of quercetin and myricetin to reduce the melting temperature of phosphatidylglycerol with saturated hydrocarbon chains and to increase the half-width of the peak corresponding to melting has been demonstrated. The observed correlation between the parameters characterizing the thermotropic behavior of the lipid in the presence of quercetin and myricetin and the index of inhibition of calcium-mediated liposome fusion by these compounds may indicate a relationship between the ability of flavonols to influence the packaging of membrane lipids and inhibit vesicle fusion. Pentacyclic triterpenoids, betulin and lupeol, which are part of EC, did not inhibit the fusion of vesicles under the action of both calcium and polyethylene glycol, and their presence in EC cannot be responsible for the antifusogenic activity of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Efimova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P. D. Zlodeeva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. V. Shekunov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. S. Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Amaral RA, Pinto CA, Lima V, Tavares J, Martins AP, Fidalgo LG, Silva AM, Gil MM, Teixeira P, Barbosa J, Barba FJ, Saraiva JA. Chemical-Based Methodologies to Extend the Shelf Life of Fresh Fish-A Review. Foods 2021; 10:2300. [PMID: 34681354 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its characteristics, fresh fish is a highly perishable food with a very short shelf-life under refrigeration. Several methods have been introduced to slow down its deterioration, such as by means of oxygen depletion of the food package (vacuum packaging), or by changing the natural atmosphere that is in contact with the fresh fish (modified atmosphere packaging), or by the use of chemicals generally recognized as safe: such compounds can be directly applied (by dipping or spraying) or incorporated into packaging materials and slowly migrate to the product, exerting a hurdle effect against microbial development and lipid oxidation (active packaging). This review aims to cover the most recent advances in chemical-based approaches for fresh fish preservation, applied either singly or in combination. Vacuum packaging, modified atmosphere, and active packaging preservation methodologies are presented, along with the inclusion of chemical additives, such as organic acids and natural extracts, and their combination with icing systems. Advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their impact on fresh fish quality and shelf-life are discussed, reaching the conclusion that both are positively influenced overall. Indeed, the contribution of chemical-based strategies for fresh fish preservation is undeniable, and is expected to be a research topic of increasing interest in the future.
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Santos LM, Rodrigues DM, Kalil MA, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Umsza-Guez MA, Machado BA, Seyffert N, Portela RW. Activity of Ethanolic and Supercritical Propolis Extracts in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Its Associated Biofilm. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:700030. [PMID: 34540932 PMCID: PMC8440938 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, a chronic disease characterized by the development of granulomas in superficial and visceral lymph nodes as well as in several organs. An important characteristic of the infection with this bacterium is the formation of a biofilm and the absence of effective antibiotic therapy against the disease. From this scenario, the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of C. pseudotuberculosis to conventional antibiotics and to red, green, and brown propolis extracts obtained by the supercritical and ethanolic extraction methods as well as its activity in the bacterial biofilm. The results of the sensitivity test using antibiotics indicated a sensitivity of C. pseudotuberculosis strains to the antimicrobial agents. The ethanolic extract of green propolis and the supercritical red propolis extract showed the best antibacterial activities against planktonic C. pseudotuberculosis. A lower antimicrobial activity of the brown propolis extract was identified. Propolis extracts were effective in interfering with the formation of the C. pseudotuberculosis biofilm but had little activity on the consolidated biofilm. In conclusion, propolis extracts are more effective against C. pseudotuberculosis in the planktonic stage, being able to interfere with the formation of bacterial biofilm. However, the action of propolis extracts in a sessile and structured microbial biofilm is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laerte Marlon Santos
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto de Tecnologia em Saúde, CIMATEC-SENAI, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Méria Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maurício Alcantara Kalil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nubia Seyffert
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Flieger J, Flieger W, Baj J, Maciejewski R. Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:4135. [PMID: 34361329 PMCID: PMC8347950 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives preventing oxidation but also as system components for the production of metallic nanoparticles by the so-called green synthesis. This is important given the drastically increased demand for nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The source of ecological technology for producing nanoparticles can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria). This review presents recently published research on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The conditions of biosynthesis and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with the participation of bacteria are presented. The potential of natural extracts for biogenic synthesis depends on the content of reducing substances. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts as multicomponent mixtures is still a challenge for analytical chemistry. There is still no universal test for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC). There are many in vitro chemical tests that quantify the antioxidant scavenging activity of free radicals and their ability to chelate metals and that reduce free radical damage. This paper presents the classification of antioxidants and non-enzymatic methods of testing antioxidant capacity in vitro, with particular emphasis on methods based on nanoparticles. Examples of recent studies on the antioxidant activity of natural extracts obtained from different species such as plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, and details on the preparation of extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
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Griñán-Ferré C, Bellver-Sanchis A, Olivares-Martín M, Bañuelos-Hortigüela O, Pallàs M. Synergistic Neuroprotective Effects of a Natural Product Mixture against AD Hallmarks and Cognitive Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans and an SAMP8 Mice Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:2411. [PMID: 34371921 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of different natural products can provide a wealth of bioactive compounds, and more interestingly, their combination can exert a new strategy for several neurodegenerative diseases with major public health importance, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the synergistic neuroprotective effects of a mixed extract composed of docosahexaenoic acid, Ginkgo biloba, D-pinitol, and ursolic acid in several transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and a senescence-accelerated prone mice 8 (SAMP8) model. First, we found a significantly higher survival percentage in the C. elegans group treated with the natural product mixture compared to the single extract-treated groups. Likewise, we found a significantly increased lifespan in group of C. elegans treated with the natural product mixture compared to the other groups, suggesting synergistic effects. Remarkably, we determined a significant reduction in Aβ plaque accumulation in the group of C. elegans treated with the natural product mixture compared to the other groups, confirming synergy. Finally, we demonstrated better cognitive performance in the group treated with the natural product mixture in both AD models (neuronal Aβ C. elegans strain CL2355 and the SAMP8 mice model), confirming the molecular results and unraveling the synergist effects of this combination. Therefore, our results proved the potential of this new natural product mixture for AD therapeutic strategies.
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Subhawa S, Naiki-Ito A, Kato H, Naiki T, Komura M, Nagano-Matsuo A, Yeewa R, Inaguma S, Chewonarin T, Banjerdpongchai R, Takahashi S. Suppressive Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Extract against Prostate Carcinogenesis and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143403. [PMID: 34298624 PMCID: PMC8306559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study explored the chemopreventive effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) extracts against prostate carcinogenesis in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using the Transgenic Rat for Adenocarcinoma of Prostate (TRAP) model, CRPC xenograft mice, and prostate cancer cell lines. HCT suppressed cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis via inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and CRPC cell lines. HCT also inhibited cell migration and EMT phenotypes through the STAT3/Snail/Twist pathway. One of the active compounds of HCT was identified as rutin. Consistent with in vitro study, the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the TRAP model and CRPC tumor growth in the xenograft model were suppressed by induction of apoptosis and inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK by HCT intake. Our data demonstrated that HCT attenuated androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and CRPC by mechanisms that may involve inhibition of cell growth and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways. Abstract Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) is a well-known Asian medicinal plant with biological activities used in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. This study investigated the effects of HCT extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (EA) on prostate carcinogenesis and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). HCT and EA induced apoptosis in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and CRPC cells (PCai1) through activation of caspases, down-regulation of androgen receptor, and inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK signaling. Rutin was found to be a major component in HCT (44.00 ± 5.61 mg/g) and EA (81.34 ± 5.21 mg/g) in a previous study. Rutin had similar effects to HCT/EA on LNCaP cells and was considered to be one of the active compounds. Moreover, HCT/EA inhibited cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes via STAT3/Snail/Twist pathways in LNCaP cells. The consumption of 1% HCT-mixed diet significantly decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate lobe of the Transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate model. Similarly, tumor growth of PCai1 xenografts was significantly suppressed by 1% HCT treatment. HCT also induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via AKT inactivation in both in vivo models. Together, the results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that HCT has inhibitory effects against prostate carcinogenesis and CRPC. This plant therefore should receive more attention as a source for the future development of non-toxic chemopreventive agents against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhawat Subhawa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.-I.); (R.B.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8156 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-93-5325 (R.B.); Fax: +81-52-842-0817 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-894-031 (R.B.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Aya Nagano-Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Ranchana Yeewa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (A.N.-I.); (R.B.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8156 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-93-5325 (R.B.); Fax: +81-52-842-0817 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-894-031 (R.B.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
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Bellu E, Cruciani S, Garroni G, Balzano F, Satta R, Montesu MA, Fadda A, Mulas M, Sarais G, Bandiera P, Ventura C, Kralovič M, Sabo J, Amler E, Maioli M. Natural Compounds and PCL Nanofibers: A Novel Tool to Counteract Stem Cell Senescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061415. [PMID: 34200247 PMCID: PMC8227046 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis mainly depends on the activity of stem cells to replace damaged elements and restore tissue functions. Within this context, mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis in skin, in particular in the dermis. Modifications in collagen fibers are able to affect stem cell features. Skin properties can be significantly reduced after injuries or with aging, and stem cell niches, mainly comprising extracellular matrix (ECM), may be compromised. To this end, specific molecules can be administrated to prevent the aging process induced by UV exposure in the attempt to maintain a youngness phenotype. NanoPCL-M is a novel nanodevice able to control delivery of Mediterranean plant myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) extracts. In particular, we previously described that myrtle extracts, rich in bioactive molecules and nutraceuticals, were able to counteract senescence in adipose derived stem cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of NanoPCL-M on skin stem cells (SSCs) and dermal fibroblasts in a dynamic cell culture model in order to prevent the effects of UV-induced senescence on proliferation and collagen depot. The BrdU assay results highlight the significantly positive effect of NanoPCL-M on the proliferation of both fibroblasts and SSCs. Our results demonstrate that-M is able to preserve SSCs features and collagen depot after UV-induced senescence, suggesting their capability to retain a young phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Francesca Balzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Rosanna Satta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Maria Antonia Montesu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Angela Fadda
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Mulas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Via De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Sarais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy;
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering-Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Martin Kralovič
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
- UCEEB, Czech Technical University, Trinecka 1024, 273 43 Bustehrad, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Evzen Amler
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
- UCEEB, Czech Technical University, Trinecka 1024, 273 43 Bustehrad, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (M.M.)
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Chen H, Yang J, Yang Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Lu X. The Natural Products and Extracts: Anti-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Vitro. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2001047. [PMID: 34000082 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes up 15 % to 20 % of all breast cancer (BC) cases, and represents one of the most challenging malignancies to treat. For many years, chemotherapy has been the main treatment option for TNBC. Natural products isolated from marine organisms and terrestrial organisms with great structural diversity and high biochemical specificity form a compound library for the assessment and discovery of new drugs. In this review, we mainly focused on natural compounds and extracts (from marine and terrestrial environments) with strong anti-TNBC activities (IC50 <100 μM) and their possible mechanisms reported in the past six years (2015-2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiaping Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Abstract
Health problems and reduced treatment effectiveness due to antimicrobial resistance have become important global problems and are important factors that negatively affect life expectancy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is constantly evolving and can minimize this antimicrobial resistance problem. Reactive oxygen species produced when nontoxic photosensitizers are exposed to light are the main functional components of APDT responsible for microbial destruction; therefore, APDT has a broad spectrum of target pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Various photosensitizers, including natural extracts, compounds, and their synthetic derivatives, are being investigated. The main limitations, such as weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, solubility, specificity, and cost, encourage the exploration of new photosensitizer candidates. Many additional methods, such as cell surface engineering, cotreatment with membrane-damaging agents, nanotechnology, computational simulation, and sonodynamic therapy, are also being investigated to develop novel APDT methods with improved properties. In this review, we summarize APDT research, focusing on natural photosensitizers used in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In addition, we describe the limitations observed for natural photosensitizers and the methods developed to counter those limitations with emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Polat
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Kyungsu Kang
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Natural Extracts to Augment Energy Expenditure as a Complementary Approach to Tackle Obesity and Associated Metabolic Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030412. [PMID: 33802173 PMCID: PMC7999034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the epidemic of the 21st century. In developing countries, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and obesity is occurring at younger ages. Obesity and associated metabolic stress disrupt the whole-body physiology. Adipocytes are critical components of the systemic metabolic control, functioning as an endocrine organ. The enlarged adipocytes during obesity recruit macrophages promoting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Together with the genetic susceptibility (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and metabolic alterations at the molecular level, it has been highlighted that key modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle, contribute to the development of obesity. In this scenario, urgent therapeutic options are needed, including not only pharmacotherapy but also nutrients, bioactive compounds, and natural extracts to reverse the metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Herein, we first summarize the main targetable processes to tackle obesity, including activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and in white adipose tissue (WAT-browning), and the promotion of energy expenditure and/or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscles. Then, we perform a screening of 20 natural extracts (EFSA approved) to determine their potential in the activation of FAO and/or thermogenesis, as well as the increase in respiratory capacity. By means of innovative technologies, such as the study of their effects on cell bioenergetics (Seahorse bioanalyzer), we end up with the selection of four extracts with potential application to ameliorate the deleterious effects of obesity and the chronic associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Montibus M, Vitrac X, Coma V, Loron A, Pinson-Gadais L, Ferrer N, Verdal-Bonnin MN, Gabaston J, Waffo-Téguo P, Richard-Forget F, Atanasova V. Screening of Wood/Forest and Vine By-Products as Sources of New Drugs for Sustainable Strategies to Control Fusarium graminearum and the Production of Mycotoxins. Molecules 2021; 26:E405. [PMID: 33466739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a fungal pathogen that can colonize small-grain cereals and maize and secrete type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins. The development of environmental-friendly strategies guaranteeing the safety of food and feed is a key challenge facing agriculture today. One of these strategies lies on the promising capacity of products issued from natural sources to counteract crop pests. In this work, the in vitro efficiency of sixteen extracts obtained from eight natural sources using subcritical water extraction at two temperatures was assessed against fungal growth and TCTB production by F. graminearum. Maritime pine sawdust extract was shown to be extremely efficient, leading to a significant inhibition of up to 89% of the fungal growth and up to 65% reduction of the mycotoxin production by F. graminearum. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of this active extract revealed the presence of three families of phenolics with a predominance of methylated compounds and suggested that the abundance of methylated structures, and therefore of hydrophobic compounds, could be a primary factor underpinning the activity of the maritime pine sawdust extract. Altogether, our data support that wood/forest by-products could be promising sources of bioactive compounds for controlling F. graminearum and its production of mycotoxins.
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Bellu E, Garroni G, Cruciani S, Balzano F, Serra D, Satta R, Montesu MA, Fadda A, Mulas M, Sarais G, Bandiera P, Torreggiani E, Martini F, Tognon M, Ventura C, Beznoska J, Amler E, Maioli M. Smart Nanofibers with Natural Extracts Prevent Senescence Patterning in a Dynamic Cell Culture Model of Human Skin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122530. [PMID: 33255167 PMCID: PMC7760051 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural cosmetic products have recently re-emerged as a novel tool able to counteract skin aging and skin related damages. In addition, recently achieved progress in nanomedicine opens a novel approach yielding from combination of modern nanotechnology with traditional treatment for innovative pharmacotherapeutics. In the present study, we investigated the antiaging effect of a pretreatment with Myrtus communis natural extract combined with a polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffold (NanoPCL-M) on skin cell populations exposed to UV. We set up a novel model of skin on a bioreactor mimicking a crosstalk between keratinocytes, stem cells and fibroblasts, as in skin. Beta-galactosidase assay, indicating the amount of senescent cells, and viability assay, revealed that fibroblasts and stem cells pretreated with NanoPCL-M and then exposed to UV are superimposable to control cells, untreated and unexposed to UV damage. On the other hand, cells only exposed to UV stress, without NanoPCL-M pretreatment, exhibited a significantly higher yield of senescent elements. Keratinocyte-based 3D structures appeared disjointed after UV-stress, as compared to NanoPCL-M pretreated samples. Gene expression analysis performed on different senescence associated genes, revealed the activation of a molecular program of rejuvenation in stem cells pretreated with NanoPCL-M and then exposed to UV. Altogether, our results highlight a future translational application of NanoPCL-M to prevent skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (D.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (D.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (D.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Francesca Balzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (D.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Diletta Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (D.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Rosanna Satta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Maria Antonia Montesu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Angela Fadda
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Mulas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Via De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Sarais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (D.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department Medical Sciences, Section Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.T.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department Medical Sciences, Section Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.T.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department Medical Sciences, Section Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.T.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering-Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Jiří Beznoska
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
| | - Evzen Amler
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
- UCEEB, Czech Technical University, Trinecka 1024, 273 43 Bustehrad, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (M.M.); Tel.: +420-608-979-660 (E.A.); +39-0792-28277 (M.M.)
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (D.S.); (P.B.)
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming-CEDEBIOR, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (M.M.); Tel.: +420-608-979-660 (E.A.); +39-0792-28277 (M.M.)
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Masłowski M, Miedzianowska J, Czylkowska A, Efenberger-Szmechtyk M, Nowak A, Strzelec K. Anti-Oxidative Activity of Alcohol-Water Extracts from Field Horsetail ( Equisteum arvense) in Elastomer Vulcanizates Subjected to Accelerated Aging Processes. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4903. [PMID: 33142875 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article aimed to highlight the antioxidant potential of natural extracts obtained from Equisteum arvense in elastomer vulcanizatec made of natural rubber. Horsetail extracts were prepared using four solvent systems at different volume ratios: methanol–water (50/50 and 70/30) and ethanol–water (50/50 and 70/30), which were then lyophilized and added to the polymer matrix. A deep characterization of the obtained bio-additives was performed. The obtained vulcanizates were subjected to various aging processes: thermo-oxidative, ultraviolet and solar. Then, the resistance and susceptibility of vulcanizates to selected processes of accelerated, simulated degradation were determined based on the changes in the spatial structure (network nodes), material strength and physical properties (color). The research showed the presence of polyphenols in the extracts of horsetail, which resulted in their high anti-oxidative activity. Moreover, the extracts were able to absorb UV radiation. As a consequence, they were active additives that protected rubber vulcanizates against the damaging effects of the aging processes, securing their functional properties. Samples containing natural extracts were characterized by better stability of: mechanical strength parameters, the increase in cross-linking density and color changes after simulating aging processes in comparison with the control sample.
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Šimunović K, Ramić D, Xu C, Smole Možina S. Modulation of Campylobacter jejuni Motility, Adhesion to Polystyrene Surfaces, and Invasion of INT407 Cells by Quorum-Sensing Inhibition. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E104. [PMID: 31940805 PMCID: PMC7022965 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen, and the LuxS-mediated quorum-sensing (QS) system influences its motility, biofilm formation, invasion, host colonization, and virulence. QS therefore represents a target for the control of C. jejuni. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of QS inhibition with changes in C. jejuni motility, adhesion to polystyrene surfaces, and adhesion to and invasion of INT407 cells. This was achieved by studying (i) the luxS-deficient mutant and (ii) treatment of C. jejuni with 20 natural extracts as six essential oils, 11 ethanolic extracts, and three pure compounds. Compared to the wild-type, the ΔluxS mutant showed decreased motility, adhesion to polystyrene surfaces, and invasion of INT407 cells. The anti-QS effects of the treatments (n = 15/20) were assayed using Vibrio harveyi BB170 bioluminescence. Moderate positive correlation was shown between C. jejuni QS reduction and reduced motility (τ = 0.492, p = 0.024), adhesion to polystyrene surfaces (τ = 0.419, p = 0.008), and invasion (r = 0.394, p = 0.068). The best overall effect was achieved with a Sedum rosea (roseroot) extract, with 96% QS reduction, a 1.41 log (96%) decrease in adhesion to polystyrene surfaces, and an 82% decrease in invasion. We show that natural extracts can reduce motility, adhesion to polystyrene surfaces, and invasion of INT407 cells by C. jejuni through modulation of the LuxS (QS) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Šimunović
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.R.)
| | - Dina Ramić
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.R.)
| | - Changyun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.R.)
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Novakovic S, Djekic I, Klaus A, Vunduk J, Djordjevic V, Tomović V, Šojić B, Kocić-Tanackov S, Lorenzo JM, Barba FJ, Tomasevic I. The Effect of Cantharellus Cibarius Addition on Quality Characteristics of Frankfurter during Refrigerated Storage. Foods 2019; 8:E635. [PMID: 31816984 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Cantharellus cibarius decoction and the effect of mushroom addition on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of frankfurters during refrigerated storage were studied. Mushroom addition significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the formation of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria during storage. Regarding the texture, there was no negative effect in frankfurters with the mushroom added, compared to the control group of sausages. Generally, C. cibarius can be used as a natural ingredient in order to prevent the growth of microorganisms in cooked pork sausages, causing an extension in shelf life during chilled storage.
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Campos PMBGM, Benevenuto CG, Calixto LS, Melo MO, Pereira KC, Gaspar LR. Spirulina, Palmaria Palmata, Cichorium Intybus, and Medicago Sativa extracts in cosmetic formulations: an integrated approach of in vitro toxicity and in vivo acceptability studies. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:322-329. [PMID: 30821523 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1579224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims: The selection of suitable raw materials in the cosmetic research and development is a key point, not only in order to obtain the expected results but also to avoid undesirable side effects. This study evaluated the in vitro toxicity potential of four different plant extracts and their in vivo acceptability studies. Methods: Spirulina, Palmaria palmata, Cichorium intybus and Medicago sativa extracts were analysed alone or in combination and added in cosmetic formulations. The in vitro toxicity evaluation, Hen's Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Test (HET-CAM) and 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test were performed to evaluate in vitro potential ocular irritation and photo safety, respectively. Twenty subjects were enrolled in the acceptability studies, who were evaluated for the absence of harmful effects of the formulation by visual assessment and by transepidermal water loss, a biophysical technique, for 30 days. Results: HET-CAM assay showed that the studied extracts added to a gel-cream formulation had no irritant potential. In addition, the combination of Palmaria palmata, alfalfa and chicory extracts did not show phototoxic potential in vitro. Acceptability studies showed that the formulation containing the four extracts combined did not provoke any transepidermal water loss (TEWL) alteration, sensory irritation or erythema in the forearms for the period of analysis. Conclusion: The studied active ingredients, alone or in combination, present no cytotoxicity potential and when added to a gel-cream formulation had no irritant potential in vitro. These results predicting no harmful effects were confirmed in the acceptability tests, which showed no alteration on skin barrier function and no report of irritation perception of sign of erythema, suggesting the potential of these extracts for the development of safe cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M B G Maia Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Carolina G Benevenuto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Lívia S Calixto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Maísa O Melo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Karina C Pereira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Lorena R Gaspar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
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Rodriguez AK, Muñoz AL, Segura NA, Rangel HR, Bello F. Molecular characteristics and replication mechanism of dengue, zika and chikungunya arboviruses, and their treatments with natural extracts from plants: An updated review. EXCLI J 2019; 18:988-1006. [PMID: 31762724 PMCID: PMC6868920 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viruses transmitted by arthropods (arboviruses) are the etiological agents of several human diseases with worldwide distribution; including dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV), yellow fever (YFV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. These viruses are especially important in tropical and subtropical regions; where, ZIKV and CHIKV are involved in epidemics worldwide, while the DENV remains as the biggest problem in public health. Factors, such as, environmental conditions promote the distribution of vectors, deficiencies in health services, and lack of effective vaccines, guarantee the presence of these vector-borne diseases. Treatment against these viral diseases is only palliative since available therapies formulated lack to demonstrate specific antiviral activity and vaccine candidates fail to demonstrate enough effectiveness. The use of natural products, as therapeutic tools, is an ancestral practice in different cultures. According to WHO 80 % of the population of some countries from Africa and Asia depend on the use of traditional medicines to deal with some diseases. Molecular characteristics of these viruses are important in determining its cellular pathogenesis, emergence, and dispersion mechanisms, as well as for the development of new antivirals and vaccines to control strategies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the molecular structure and replication mechanisms of selected arboviruses, as well as their mechanism of entry into host cells, and a brief overview about the potential targets accessed to inhibit these viruses in vitro and a summary about their treatment with natural extracts from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luisa Muñoz
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - Nidya Alexandra Segura
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Héctor Rafael Rangel
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, 1204, Venezuela
| | - Felio Bello
- Faculty of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Program of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, 110131, Colombia
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Fitsiou E, Pappa A. Anticancer Activity of Essential Oils and Other Extracts from Aromatic Plants Grown in Greece. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E290. [PMID: 31394842 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic plants have a long and significant history in the traditional medicine of many countries. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in investigating the biological properties of aromatic plant extracts mainly due to their diversity, high availability, and low toxicity. Greece is abundant in aromatic plants, which can be attributed to the country’s geographical position, the morphology of its landscape, and its numerous mountainous and insular areas. In the past 15 years, a number of aromatic plant extracts of Greek origin have been studied for their bioactivities, including their antiproliferative potential against different types of cancer. Although the pharmacological activities of specific species of Greek origin have been reviewed before, no gathered information on explicitly Greek species exist. In this review, we summarize existing data on the antiproliferative activity of extracts isolated from Greek aromatic plants and discuss their molecular mode(s) of action, where available, in order to identify promising extracts for future research and link chemical constituents responsible for their activity. We conclude that essentials oils are the most frequently studied plant extracts exhibiting high diversity in their composition and anticancer potential, but also other extracts appear to be worthy of further investigation for cancer chemoprevention.
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Pinna R, Filigheddu E, Juliano C, Palmieri A, Manconi M, D'hallewin G, Petretto G, Maioli M, Caddeo C, Manca ML, Solinas G, Bortone A, Campanella V, Milia E. Antimicrobial Effect of Thymus capitatus and Citrus limon var. pompia as Raw Extracts and Nanovesicles. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E234. [PMID: 31091818 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the increasing interest in natural antimicrobial molecules, this study screened the ability of Thymus capitatus (TC) essential oil and Citrus limon var. pompia (CLP) extract as raw extracts or incorporated in vesicular nanocarriers against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. After fingerprint, TC or CLP were mixed with lecithin and water to produce liposomes, or different ratios of water/glycerol or water/propylene glycol (PG) to produce glycerosomes and penetration enhancer vesicles (PEVs), respectively. Neither the raw extracts nor the nanovesicles showed cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts at all the concentrations tested (1, 10, 100 μg/mL). The disc diffusion method, MIC-MBC/MFC, time-kill assay, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated the highest antimicrobial potential of TC against S. mutans and C. albicans. The very high presence of the phenol, carvacrol, in TC (90.1%) could explain the lethal effect against the yeast, killing up to 70% of Candida and not just arresting its growth. CLP, rich in polyphenols, acted in a similar way to TC in reducing S. mutans, while the data showed a fungistatic rather than a fungicidal activity. The phospholipid vesicles behaved similarly, suggesting that the transported extract was not the only factor to be considered in the outcomes, but also their components had an important role. Even if other investigations are necessary, TC and CLP incorporated in nanocarriers could be a promising and safe antimicrobial in caries prevention.
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Bellés M, Alonso V, Roncalés P, Beltrán JA. Sulfite-free lamb burger meat: antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of green tea and carvacrol. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:464-472. [PMID: 29926929 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfite is commonly used to preserve lamb burger meat in the EU. Nevertheless, its consumption has been related to certain health problems, which has increased consumer demand for sulfite-free products. Natural compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties may be a feasible alternative to preserve lamb burger meat. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of carvacrol, green tea and their combination in preserving lamb burger meat. Their effect was also compared with that of 400 ppm sulfite. RESULTS Lamb burger meat was mixed with different concentrations of the extracts, packaged aerobically and displayed for 8 days at 4 °C. Total polyphenols, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, colour, and microbial and sensory analyses were performed. Both green tea and carvacrol avoided lipid oxidation even at 300 ppm, while only carvacrol, which showed a concentration-dependent action, delayed discolouration and microbial growth. Carvacrol and green tea also limited the development of oxidation odour and flavour, but the former brought about herbal odours and flavours to the meat. On the other hand, sulfite provided a higher colour stability and lower microbial counts than both natural compounds but presented a higher lipid oxidation. CONCLUSION Carvacrol seems to be a promising alternative to replace sulfite in lamb burger meat, whereas green tea should be combined with an antimicrobial agent. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bellés
- Grupo de Investigación de Calidad y Tecnología de la Carne, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Veronica Alonso
- Grupo de Investigación de Calidad y Tecnología de la Carne, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Roncalés
- Grupo de Investigación de Calidad y Tecnología de la Carne, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A Beltrán
- Grupo de Investigación de Calidad y Tecnología de la Carne, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sanchez-Botero L, Herrera AP, Hinestroza JP. Oriented Growth of α-MnO₂ Nanorods Using Natural Extracts from Grape Stems and Apple Peels. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:E117. [PMID: 28531147 DOI: 10.3390/nano7050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of alpha manganese dioxide (α-MnO2) nanorods using natural extracts from Vitis vinifera grape stems and Malus domestica ‘Cortland’ apple peels. We used a two-step method to produce highly crystalline α-MnO2 nanorods: (1) reduction of KMnO4 in the presence of natural extracts to initiate the nucleation process; and (2) a thermal treatment to enable further solid-state growth of the nuclei. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images provided direct evidence of the morphology of the nanorods and these images were used to propose nucleation and growth mechanisms. We found that the α-MnO2 nanorods synthesized using natural extracts exhibit structural and magnetic properties similar to those of nanoparticles synthesized via traditional chemical routes. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) shows that the particle growth of the α-MnO2 nanorods appears to be controlled by the presence of natural capping agents during the thermal treatment. We also evaluated the catalytic activity of the nanorods in the degradation of aqueous solutions of indigo carmine dye, highlighting the potential use of these materials to clean dye-polluted water.
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Lozano-Navarro JI, Díaz-Zavala NP, Velasco-Santos C, Martínez-Hernández AL, Tijerina-Ramos BI, García-Hernández M, Rivera-Armenta JL, Páramo-García U, Reyes-de la Torre AI. Antimicrobial, Optical and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan-Starch Films with Natural Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E997. [PMID: 28475151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts possess several kinds of antioxidants (anthocyanins, betalains, thymol, carvacrol, and resveratrol) that have also demonstrated antimicrobial properties. In order to study these properties, extracts from cranberry, blueberry, beetroot, pomegranate, oregano, pitaya, and resveratrol (from grapes) were obtained. Growth inhibition tests of mesophilic aerobes, coliforms, and fungi were conducted in films prepared from the extracts in accordance with Mexican Official Norms (NOM). Optical properties such as transparency and opacity, mechanical properties, and pH were also analyzed in these materials. The films with beetroot, cranberry, and blueberry extracts demonstrated the best antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi in comparison with unmodified chitosan–starch film. This study shows that the addition of antioxidants improved the antimicrobial performance of these films. It was also found that antimicrobial properties are inherent to the films. These polymers combined with the extracts effectively inhibit or reduce microorganism growth from human and environmental contact; therefore, previous sterilization could be unnecessary in comparison with traditional plastics. The presence of extracts decreased transmittance percentages at 280 and 400 nm, as well as the transparency values, while increasing their opacity values, providing better UV–VIS light barrier properties. Despite diminished glass transition temperatures (Tg), the values obtained are still adequate for food packaging applications.
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