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Mansour MN, Lendormi T, Drévillon L, Naji A, Louka N, Maroun RG, Hobaika Z, Lanoisellé JL. Influence of substrate/inoculum ratio, inoculum source and ammonia inhibition on anaerobic digestion of poultry waste. Environ Technol 2024; 45:1894-1907. [PMID: 36524389 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2157754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Poultry wastes are rich in organic matter, allowing their use as substrates for biogas production by anaerobic digestion (AD). The major difficulty in the anaerobic digestion of this protein-rich waste is ammonia inhibition. Different results of biochemical methane potential (BMP) were obtained after the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of different avian waste in batch mode. It was shown that using two different inoculum (Liger and Saint-Brieuc) sources and different substrate-to-inoculum (S/I) ratios does not have a significant effect on the biochemical methane potential of organic laying hen droppings (OLHD); an average of 0.272 Nm3 CH4·kg-1·VS was obtained with both inocula. Otherwise, it affects the hydrolysis constant KH, and it decreases when the substrate-to-inoculum ratio increases. Furthermore, Liger is the most suitable inoculum for our substrate because it shows stability during the process even with different organic loads. Comparing the biochemical methane potential of multiple avian wastes such as organic laying hen droppings and different slaughterhouse waste highlights the importance of slaughterhouse waste in the anaerobic digestion process because of the high methane yield observed especially with the viscera (0.779 Nm3 CH4·kg-1 VS, SD = 0.027 Nm3 CH4·kg-1 VS). Moreover, methane production was affected by increasing the ammonia concentrations; when [N-NH3] > 9.8 g·N-NH3·L-1, the biochemical methane potential decreases and the lag phase increases (λ > 30 days); a total inhibition of the process was observed when ammonia concentration is above 21.8 g·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noël Mansour
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Thomas Lendormi
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France
| | - Lucie Drévillon
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France
| | - Amar Naji
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Hobaika
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hammoud M, Debs E, van den Broek LA, Rajha HN, Safi C, van Erven G, Maroun RG, Chokr A, Rammal H, Louka N. Intensification of extraction process through IVDV pretreatment from Eryngium creticum leaves and stems: Maximizing yields and assessing biological activities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27431. [PMID: 38509897 PMCID: PMC10951497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
"Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum" (IVDV) has initially emerged as a technology primarily employed for expanding and enhancing the texture of biological products. However, its recent applications have showcased significant promise in the realm of extracting bioactive molecules from various plant materials. In this context, optimization using response surface methodology was conducted to investigate the impact of IVDV pretreatment on the extractability of phenolic compounds from Eryngium creticum leaves and stems, as well as their biological activities. Using IVDV preceding the extraction led to higher total phenolic content (TPC) and enhanced antiradical activities in treated materials compared to untreated ones. The optimal processing conditions in terms of water content, steam pressure and treatment time were determined in order to maximize TPC (89.07 and 20.06 mg GAE/g DM in leaves and stems, respectively) and antiradical (DPPH) inhibition percentage (93.51% and 27.54% in leaves and stems, respectively). IVDV-treated extracts showed superior antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm capacities compared to raw extracts. Using RP-UHPLC-PDA-MS, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid were identified in IVDV-treated leaves. IVDV can be implemented as an innovative treatment applied prior to extraction to boost the recovery of biomolecules from plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hammoud
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli P. O. Box 100, Lebanon
| | | | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Saint-Joseph University, Mkalles Mar Roukos, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carl Safi
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Rammal
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Dekweneh-Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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Dib AA, Assaf JC, Debs E, Khatib SE, Louka N, Khoury AE. A comparative review on methods of detection and quantification of mycotoxins in solid food and feed: a focus on cereals and nuts. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:319-345. [PMID: 37523055 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging factors and circumstances urge the need to develop and optimize the detection and quantification techniques of mycotoxins in solid food and feed. The diversity of mycotoxins, which have different properties and affinities, makes the standardization of the analytical procedures and the adoption of a single protocol that covers the attributes of all mycotoxins a tedious or even an impossible mission. Several modifications and improvements have been undergone in order to optimize the performance of these methods including the extraction solvents, the extraction methods, the clean-up procedures, and the analytical techniques. The techniques range from the rapid screening methods, which lack sensitivity and specificity such as TLC, to a spectrum of more advanced protocols, namely, ELISA, HPLC, and GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. This review aims at assessing the current studies related to these analytical techniques of mycotoxins in solid food and feed. It discusses and evaluates, through a critical approach, various sample treatment techniques, and provides an in-depth examination of different mycotoxin detection methods. Furthermore, it includes a comparison of their actual accuracy and a thorough analysis of the observed benefits and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abou Dib
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Faculté Des Sciences, Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et TechnologiesMar Roukos, Matn, 1104-2020, Lebanon
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bekaa Campus, Lebanese International University, Khiyara, 1108, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Assaf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, 1300, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bekaa Campus, Lebanese International University, Khiyara, 1108, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Faculté Des Sciences, Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et TechnologiesMar Roukos, Matn, 1104-2020, Lebanon
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Faculté Des Sciences, Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et TechnologiesMar Roukos, Matn, 1104-2020, Lebanon.
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Salem Y, Rajha HN, Sunoqrot S, Hammad AM, Castangia I, Manconi M, Manca ML, Al Lababidi D, Touma JA, Maroun RG, Louka N. Exhausted Grape Seed Residues as a Valuable Source of Antioxidant Molecules for the Formulation of Biocompatible Cosmetic Scrubs. Molecules 2023; 28:5049. [PMID: 37446711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape seed of Obeidi, a white Lebanese autochthonous variety, was previously tested in different studies as a valuable source of bioactive molecules such as polyphenols, oils, and proteins by means of extraction procedures for the development of cosmetic and therapeutic products. However, an un-valorized, exhausted grape seed residue remains as "secondary waste" after the extraction processes. In this study, the exhausted seeds have been further exploited to produce cosmetic scrubs capable of releasing antioxidant molecules during the exfoliation process, in accordance with the principles of the circular economy and going toward a zero-waste process. The deep characterization of the exhausted seeds confirmed the presence of antioxidant phenolic molecules including gallic acid, catechins and protocatechuic acid (0.13, 0.126, and 0.089 mg/g of dry matter DM), and a high phenolic content (11.85 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry matter (DM)). Moreover, these residues were shown to possess a sandy texture (Hausner ratio (HR): 1.154, Carr index (CI): 0.133, and angle of repose: 31.62 (°) degrees), similar to commercial natural exfoliants. In this respect, exhausted Obeidi grape seed residues were incorporated at increasing concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% w/w) in a cosmetic scrub, and stored for 5 weeks at 4, 25, and 50 °C for stability testing. All tested scrub formulations exhibited good spreadability with a spread diameter of 3.6-4.7 cm and excellent physical stability, as no phase separation or color change were observed after four cycles of heat shock at 4 and 50 °C. Finally, an in vivo skin irritation test showed that the scrub enriched with 1.5% of exhausted Obeidi grape seed residues was the most promising formulation, as it possessed a high amount of phenolic molecules (0.042 ± 0.001 mg GAE/mL of scrub) and good stability and could be safely applied to the skin with no irritation phenomena. Overall results underlined that exhausted grape seed residues can be transformed into promising systems for both physical and chemical exfoliation, thus confirming the importance of the effective exploitation of agro-industrial by-products for the development of high value cosmeceutics towards a more sustainable and zero-waste approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Salem
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hiba N Rajha
- Département de Génie Chimique et Pétrochimique, Faculté d'Ingénierie, Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | - Suhair Sunoqrot
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Ines Castangia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Dana Al Lababidi
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Joe A Touma
- Château Saint Thomas, Bekaa Valley, Kab Elias, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
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Hammoud M, Rajha HN, Chokr A, Safi C, van den Broek LAM, van Erven G, Maroun RG, Debs E, Rammal H, Louka N. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Centranthus longiflorus Stems Extracts Recovered Using Ired-Irrad®, an Innovative Infrared Technology, Compared to Water Bath and Ultrasound. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1288. [PMID: 37374071 DOI: 10.3390/life13061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraction of polyphenols from Centranthus longiflorus stems was conducted using ultrasound and infrared Ired-Irrad® techniques, and compared to the conventional water bath method. Response surface methodology was used to analyse the effect of time, temperature, and ethanol percentage, as well as to optimize the three extraction methods. The highest phenolic content (81 mg GAE/g DM) and antioxidant activity (76% DPPH inhibition) were recorded with the Ired-Irrad® extract obtained under the optimal conditions: 55 °C, 127 min, 48% (v/v) ethanol. Biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm) of the three extracts were assessed. All C. longiflorus stems extracts showed limited antibacterial effects regardless of the extraction method (MIC = 50 mg/mL), whereas Ired-Irrad® extract exhibited the highest biofilm eradication and prevention capacities (93% against Escherichia coli and 97% against Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively). This bioactivity is likely related to abundant caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin rutinoside, as identified by RP-UHPLC-PDA-MS analysis. The results obtained further promote the effectiveness of Ired-Irrad® as a highly flexible and cost-efficient extraction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hammoud
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 6573/14, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
| | - Hiba N Rajha
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
- Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 6573/14, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
| | - Carl Safi
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gijs van Erven
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Rammal
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 6573/14, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
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Nemer G, Louka N, Rabiller Blandin P, Maroun RG, Vorobiev E, Rossignol T, Nicaud JM, Guénin E, Koubaa M. Purification of Natural Pigments Violacein and Deoxyviolacein Produced by Fermentation Using Yarrowia lipolytica. Molecules 2023; 28:4292. [PMID: 37298767 PMCID: PMC10254742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Violacein and deoxyviolacein are bis-indole pigments synthesized by a number of microorganisms. The present study describes the biosynthesis of a mixture of violacein and deoxyviolacein using a genetically modified Y. lipolytica strain as a production chassis, the subsequent extraction of the intracellular pigments, and ultimately their purification using column chromatography. The results show that the optimal separation between the pigments occurs using an ethyl acetate/cyclohexane mixture with different ratios, first 65:35 until both pigments were clearly visible and distinguishable, then 40:60 to create a noticeable separation between them and recover the deoxyviolacein, and finally 80:20, which allows the recovery of the violacein. The purified pigments were then analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgio Nemer
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (N.L.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (N.L.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Paul Rabiller Blandin
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (N.L.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (T.R.); (J.-M.N.)
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (T.R.); (J.-M.N.)
| | - Erwann Guénin
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
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Nahle S, Atoui A, Assaf JC, El Khoury A, Louka N, Chokr A. Time-Dependent Effect of Surface Material on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Biofilm Formation and Gene Expression. Microbiology (Reading) 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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El Kantar S, Rajha HN, El Khoury A, Koubaa M, Nachef S, Debs E, Maroun RG, Louka N. Phenolic Compounds Recovery from Blood Orange Peels Using a Novel Green Infrared Technology Ired-Irrad®, and Their Effect on the Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Proliferation and Aflatoxin B1 Production. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228061. [PMID: 36432159 PMCID: PMC9698718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intensification of total phenolic compound (TPC) extraction from blood orange peels was optimized using a novel green infrared-assisted extraction technique (IRAE, Ired-Irrad®) and compared to the conventional extraction using a water bath (WB). Response surface methodology (RSM) allowed for the optimization of ethanol concentration (E), time (t), and temperature (T) in terms of extracted TPC and their antiradical activity, for both WB extraction and IRAE. Using WB extraction, the multiple response optimums as obtained after 4 h at 73 °C and using 79% ethanol/water were 1.67 g GAE/100 g for TPC and 59% as DPPH inhibition percentage. IRAE increased the extraction of TPC by 18% using 52% ethanol/water after less than 1 h at 79 °C. This novel technology has the advantage of being easily scalable for industrial usage. HPLC analysis showed that IRAE enhanced the recovery of gallic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, caffeic acid, and hesperidin. IR extracts exhibited high bioactivity by inhibiting the production of Aflatoxin B1 by 98.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally El Kantar
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-344238841
| | - Simon Nachef
- Techno Heat Society, Al Firdaws Street, Sabtiyeh, Beirut 1100, Lebanon
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
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9
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Salem Y, Rajha HN, van den Broek LAM, Safi C, Togtema A, Manconi M, Manca ML, Debs E, Hobaika Z, Maroun RG, Louka N. Multi-Step Biomass Fractionation of Grape Seeds from Pomace, a Zero-Waste Approach. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2831. [PMID: 36365284 PMCID: PMC9658473 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grape seeds are the wineries' main by-products, and their disposal causes ecological and environmental problems. In this study seeds from the pomace waste of autochthonous grape varieties from Lebanon, Obeidi (white variety) and Asswad Karech (red variety) were used for a multi-step biomass fractionation. For the first step, a lipid extraction was performed, and the obtained yield was 12.33% (w/w) for Obeidi and 13.04% (w/w) for Asswad Karech. For the second step, polyphenols' recovery from the defatted seeds was carried out, resulting in 12.0% (w/w) for Obeidi and 6.6% (w/w) for Asswad Karech, with Obeidi's extract having the highest total phenolic content (333.1 ± 1.6 mg GAE/g dry matter) and antioxidant activity (662.17 ± 0.01 µg/mL of Trolox equivalent). In the third step, the defatted and dephenolized seeds were subsequently extracted under alkaline conditions and the proteins were isoelectric precipitated. The recovered protein extract was 3.90% (w/w) for Obeidi and 4.11% (w/w) for Asswad Karech seeds, with Asswad Karech's extract having the highest protein content (64 ± 0.2 mg protein/g dry matter). The remaining exhausted residue can be valorized in cosmetic scrubs formulations as a replacement for plastic microbeads. The designed zero-waste approach multi-step biomass fractionation has the potential to improve the valorization of the side products (grape seeds) of these two Lebanese autochthonous grape varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Salem
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | | | - Carl Safi
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Togtema
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Manconi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology Sardinia CNBS, Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology Sardinia CNBS, Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Hobaika
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
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10
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Abou Dib A, Assaf JC, El Khoury A, El Khatib S, Koubaa M, Louka N. Single, Subsequent, or Simultaneous Treatments to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Solid Foods and Feeds: A Critical Review. Foods 2022; 11:3304. [PMCID: PMC9601460 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins in solid foods and feeds jeopardize the public health of humans and animals and cause food security issues. The inefficacy of most preventive measures to control the production of fungi in foods and feeds during the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages incited interest in the mitigation of these mycotoxins that can be conducted by the application of various chemical, physical, and/or biological treatments. These treatments are implemented separately or through a combination of two or more treatments simultaneously or subsequently. The reduction rates of the methods differ greatly, as do their effect on the organoleptic attributes, nutritional quality, and the environment. This critical review aims at summarizing the latest studies related to the mitigation of mycotoxins in solid foods and feeds. It discusses and evaluates the single and combined mycotoxin reduction treatments, compares their efficiency, elaborates on their advantages and disadvantages, and sheds light on the treated foods or feeds, as well as on their environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abou Dib
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Facuty of Arts and Sciences, Bekaa Campus, Lebanese International University, Khiyara, Bekaa 1108, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Assaf
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +9611421389
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Facuty of Arts and Sciences, Bekaa Campus, Lebanese International University, Khiyara, Bekaa 1108, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM—CS 60319, CEDEX, 60203 Compiègne, France
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon
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11
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Hindieh P, Yaghi J, Khoury AE, Chokr A, Atoui A, Louka N, Assaf JC. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in gut microbiota: in vitro antimicrobial resistance. AMB Express 2022; 12:128. [PMID: 36190582 PMCID: PMC9530110 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most complex microbiological niches containing beneficial and non-pathogenic bacterial strains of which some may evolve into virulent under specific conditions. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is of the most known beneficial species with an ability to protect the intestine as opposed to Staphylococcus epidermidis 444 which causes serious health risks due to its high antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates first the survival and coexistence ability of L. rhamnosus GG, and S. epidermidis 444 at different pH levels. Subsequently, lysozyme's antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect on these two strains was elucidated before adding different concentrations of oxytetracycline hydrochloride antibiotic. Results showed that 50% inhibition of L. rhamnosus GG, S. epidermidis 444, and a co-culture of these planktonic strains were obtained respectively at a lysozyme concentration of 30, 18, and 26 mg/mL after the addition of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). At a pH of 7.5, mixing lysozyme (at IC50) and EDTA with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (700 μg/mL) showed an additional bactericidal effect as compared to its known bacteriostatic effect. Similarly, the addition of lysozyme to the antibiotic further increased the biofilm eradication of S. epidermidis 444 and L. rhamnosus GG where a maximal eradication of 70% was reached. Therefore, the potential development of new drugs based on adding a lysozyme-EDTA mixture to different types of antibiotics may be highly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Hindieh
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche TVA/Résistance aux Antibiotiques et Impact Industriel (RAII), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Mycologie Et Sécurité Des Aliments (LMSA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon.,Ecole Doctorale "Sciences Et Santé", Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences Médicales et Infirmières, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Yaghi
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche TVA/Résistance aux Antibiotiques et Impact Industriel (RAII), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Mycologie Et Sécurité Des Aliments (LMSA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche TVA/Résistance aux Antibiotiques et Impact Industriel (RAII), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Mycologie Et Sécurité Des Aliments (LMSA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.,Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Atoui
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche TVA/Résistance aux Antibiotiques et Impact Industriel (RAII), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Assaf
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche TVA/Résistance aux Antibiotiques et Impact Industriel (RAII), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon. .,Laboratoire de Mycologie Et Sécurité Des Aliments (LMSA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon.
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12
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Hammoud M, Chokr A, Rajha HN, Safi C, van Walsem M, van den Broek LAM, Debs E, Maroun RG, Louka N, Rammal H. Intensification of Polyphenols Extraction from Eryngium creticum Leaves Using Ired-Irrad® and Evaluation of Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities. Plants 2022; 11:plants11192458. [PMID: 36235324 PMCID: PMC9572813 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Eryngium creticum is a plant medicinally valued, and used in pharmacopeia to treat various diseases. No previous studies have been reported on E. creticum leaf extracts using an IR-assisted technique; thus, this study aimed to intensify polyphenol extraction using Ired-Irrad®, comparing it to the conventional water bath (WB) method. (2) Methods: Optimization of polyphenol extraction from E. creticum leaves was conducted using Response Surface Methodology. Ired-Irrad® was used and compared to the WB method. The biological activities (antiradical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm) of both extracts were assessed. UHPLC analysis was performed to analyze the phytochemical profile of both extracts. (3) Results: Under optimal conditions, IR improved the polyphenol extraction yield by 1.7 times, while lowering ethanol consumption by 1.5 times. Regarding the antibacterial activity, both WB and IR E. creticum leaf extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The maximum biofilm prevention capacity was also noticed against S. epidermidis. UHPLC-MS analysis quantified two major phenolic compounds in both extracts: rutin and sinapic acid. (4) Conclusions: Ired-Irrad® technology proved to be an effective technique in intensifying polyphenol recovery, while preserving their quantity and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hammoud
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P. O. Box 6573/14, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P. O. Box 6573/14, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | - Carl Safi
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Martijn van Walsem
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Rammal
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (DSST), Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P. O. Box 6573/14, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
- Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Dekweneh, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
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13
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Barba FJ, Rajha HN, Debs E, Abi-Khattar AM, Khabbaz S, Dar BN, Simirgiotis MJ, Castagnini JM, Maroun RG, Louka N. Optimization of Polyphenols’ Recovery from Purple Corn Cobs Assisted by Infrared Technology and Use of Extracted Anthocyanins as a Natural Colorant in Pickled Turnip. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165222. [PMID: 36014470 PMCID: PMC9416142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An ecofriendly extraction technology using infrared (IR) irradiation Ired-Irrad® was applied to purple corn cobs to enhance polyphenol recovery for the first time. The IR extraction efficiency was compared to that of the water bath (WB) method. Response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite design was conducted to determine the effect of the experimental conditions (extraction time and treatment temperature) and their interactions on the total polyphenol and anthocyanin yields. Optimal extraction of total phenolic compounds (37 mg GAE/g DM) and total monomeric anthocyanins (14 mg C3G/g DM) were obtained at 63 °C for 77 min using IR as an extraction technique and water as a solvent. HPLC revealed that the recovery of peonidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was enhanced by 26% and 34%, respectively, when using IR. Finally, purple corn cobs’ spray-dried extract was proven to be an important natural colorant of pickled turnip. It offers great potential for use as a healthy alternative to the carcinogenic rhodamine B synthetic dye, which was banned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-544-972
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Anna-Maria Abi-Khattar
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Khabbaz
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Basharat Nabi Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Elena Haverbeck S-N, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Juan Manuel Castagnini
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
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14
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Salem Y, Rajha HN, Franjieh D, Hoss I, Manca ML, Manconi M, Castangia I, Perra M, Maroun RG, Louka N. Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Hydro-Glyceric Extracts Obtained from Different Grape Seed Varieties Incorporated in Cosmetic Creams. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071348. [PMID: 35883839 PMCID: PMC9311904 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seeds are agro-industrial by-products, which if improperly managed, may be responsible for socioeconomic and environmental problems. Nevertheless, it is possible to effectively valorize them by means of extraction of the bioactive compounds, especially the antioxidant phenolic molecules, using a safe, green, and environmentally-friendly extractive medium (i.e., hydro-glyceric solution). In the present study, the extraction was performed using seeds from two Lebanese varieties, Obeidi and Asswad Karech, and three international varieties, Marselan, Syrah, and Cabernet Franc. The type and amount of phenolic compounds were identified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Marselan was the extract richer in catechins (132.99 ± 9.81 μg/g of dried matter), and it also contained a higher amount of phenolic compounds (49.08 ± 0.03 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of dry matter and 10.02 ± 0.24 mg of proanthocyanidin content/g of dry matter). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed using three different colorimetric assays including 2,2-DiPhenyl-1-PicrylHydrazyl (DPPH), CUPRIC ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). As expected, Marselan exhibited the highest antioxidant activity; as well, the total phenolic and proanthocyanidin content were the highest. The stability of the Marselan extract incorporated into a commercial cream, was performed at three different temperatures (4, 25, and 50 °C), and four different concentrations (5, 4, 3, 2%), over a period of 4 months, using different methods such as centrifugation, Heat-Shock Cycles, pH, and viscosity. All Marselan hydro-glyceric extract formulations were proven to be stable over the entire 4 months, where the highest stability was achieved at 4 °C and the least at 50 °C. This study supports the suitability of the incorporation of phenolic extracts into commercial creams to enrich the cosmetic industry with effective, natural, and safe skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Salem
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (H.N.R.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Diana Franjieh
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Israa Hoss
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale n.72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.R.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale n.72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Ines Castangia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale n.72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Matteo Perra
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale n.72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (Y.S.); (D.F.); (I.H.); (R.G.M.); (N.L.)
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15
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Nahle S, El Khoury A, Savvaidis I, Chokr A, Louka N, Atoui A. Detoxification approaches of mycotoxins: by microorganisms, biofilms and enzymes. FoodContamination 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-022-00089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMycotoxins are generally found in food, feed, dairy products, and beverages, subsequently presenting serious human and animal health problems. Not surprisingly, mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide concern for many research studies. In this regard, many biological, chemical, and physical approaches were investigated to reduce and/or remove contamination from food and feed products. Biological detoxification processes seem to be the most promising approaches for mycotoxins removal from food. The current review details the newest progress in biological detoxification (adsorption and metabolization) through microorganisms, their biofilms, and enzymatic degradation, finally describing the detoxification mechanism of many mycotoxins by some microorganisms. This review also reports the possible usage of microorganisms as mycotoxins’ binders in various food commodities, which may help produce mycotoxins-free food and feed.
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16
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Assaf JC, Geitani R, Karam Sarkis D, Maroun R, Louka N. Novel air sterilization process for clean air production and microbial spread limitation using protection devices. LSJ 2022. [DOI: 10.22453/lsj-022.2.232-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to develop and simulate a novel process based on sterilizing natural air by heating at high temperatures followed by rapid cooling. The new sustainable process is called “Air Rapid Heating Rapid Cooling Sterilization” (ARHRCS). Thus, it can be used in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in hospitals to produce safe air, free of pathogenic airborne microbes including bacteria and viruses such as tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). A crown fixed on the head of the medical staff may be connected to the HVAC system to produce a constant flow of clean laminar air. Hence, this crown is capable of keeping airborne microorganisms at a safe distance from Health Care Workers (HCWs), avoiding any potential microbial infection. Accordingly, HCWs will be able to work in more suitable and safe conditions, especially in high infection risk areas. Depending on its need, the newly developed process may be implemented in different other locations such as laboratories, malls, planes, buildings, and other crowded spaces. Further applications of this method may arise including its usage in the sterilization of recirculated air in biosafety cabinets and the development of a portable air sterilizing unit.
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17
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Abi-Khattar AM, Boussetta N, Rajha HN, Abdel-Massih RM, Louka N, Maroun RG, Vorobiev E, Debs E. Mechanical damage and thermal effect induced by ultrasonic treatment in olive leaf tissue. Impact on polyphenols recovery. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 82:105895. [PMID: 34972073 PMCID: PMC8799614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of ultrasound treatment (US) on cellular damage of olive leaf tissue was studied. Mechanical damage and thermal effect of US were characterized. The level of tissue damage was defined by the diffusivity disintegration index ZD based on the diffusivity of solutes extracted from olive leaves differently treated. The Arrhenius form using the temperature dependences of the thermal treatment time within the temperature interval 20-90 °C was observed for the thermal process. The corresponding activation energy ΔUT was estimated as 57 kJ/mol. The temperature dependences of electrical conductivity were measured for extracts of intact and maximally treated olive leaves. Then the diffusivity disintegration index ZD and total phenolic compounds recovery for three studied US powers were calculated (100, 200, and 400 W). The results evidenced that the mechanically stimulated damage in olive leaf tissue can occur even at a low US power of 100 W if treatment time is long enough (t = 3.5 h). The US treatment noticeably accelerated the diffusion process mechanically in addition to its thermal effect. Trials in aqueous solution revealed the dependence of polyphenols extraction on damage level with respect to the US power applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Abi-Khattar
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Saint-Joseph University, P. O. Box 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nadia Boussetta
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie des Procédés Industriels, EA 4297, Unité Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Hiba N Rajha
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Saint-Joseph University, P. O. Box 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Saint-Joseph University, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, P. O. Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | - Roula M Abdel-Massih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P. O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Saint-Joseph University, P. O. Box 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Saint-Joseph University, P. O. Box 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Eugene Vorobiev
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie des Procédés Industriels, EA 4297, Unité Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P. O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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18
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Maksoud S, Abdel-Massih RM, Rajha HN, Louka N, Chemat F, Barba FJ, Debs E. Citrus aurantium L. Active Constituents, Biological Effects and Extraction Methods. An Updated Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195832. [PMID: 34641373 PMCID: PMC8510401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus genus is a prominent staple crop globally. Long-term breeding and much hybridization engendered a myriad of species, each characterized by a specific metabolism generating different secondary metabolites. Citrus aurantium L., commonly recognized as sour or bitter orange, can exceptionally be distinguished from other Citrus species by unique characteristics. It is a fruit with distinctive flavor, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals which possess different health benefits. This paper presents an overview of the most recent studies done on the matter. It intends to provide an in-depth understanding of the biological activities and medicinal uses of active constituents existing in C. aurantium. Every plant part is first discussed separately with regards to its content in active constituents. All extraction methods, their concepts and yields, used to recover these valuable molecules from their original plant matrix are thoroughly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawssan Maksoud
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.M.A.-M.); (E.D.)
| | - Roula M. Abdel-Massih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.M.A.-M.); (E.D.)
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Saint-Joseph University, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, P.O. Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon;
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Saint-Joseph University, P.O. Box 17-5208, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Saint-Joseph University, P.O. Box 17-5208, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Farid Chemat
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRA, UMR408, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France;
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-544-972
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.M.A.-M.); (E.D.)
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19
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Rajha HN, Debs E, Abi Rached R, El Khoury K, Al‐Kazzi M, Mrad R, Louka N. Innovation in cannon puffing technology for the homogenization of bulk treatment: Half‐popped purple corn, a new healthy snack. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba N. Rajha
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro‐alimentaire, Saint‐Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
- Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB) Saint‐Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Espérance Debs
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology University of Balamand Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Rita Abi Rached
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro‐alimentaire, Saint‐Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Karl El Khoury
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro‐alimentaire, Saint‐Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Mona Al‐Kazzi
- R&D Department Al‐Kazzi Trading S.A.L., Jisr El Bacha Industrial Area Beirut Lebanon
| | - Rachelle Mrad
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro‐alimentaire, Saint‐Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro‐alimentaire, Saint‐Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
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20
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Al Daccache M, Salameh D, Chamy LEL, Koubaa M, Maroun RG, Vorobiev E, Louka N. Evaluation of the fermentative capacity of an indigenous Hanseniaspora sp. strain isolated from Lebanese apples for cider production. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5861937. [PMID: 32578846 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work studied the fermentative potential and carbon metabolism of an indigenous yeast isolated from Lebanese apples for cider production. The indigenous yeast strain was isolated from a spontaneous fermented juice of the Lebanese apple variety 'Ace spur'. The sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) domain of rRNA identified the isolated yeast strain as a member of the Hanseniaspora genus. These results suggest an intragenomic ITS sequence heterogeneity in the isolated yeast strain specifically in its ITS1 domain. The different investigations on the yeast carbon metabolism revealed that the isolated yeast is 'Crabtree positive' and can produce and accumulate ethanol from the first hours of fermentation. Thus, our findings highlight the possibility of using the isolated indigenous Hanseniaspora strain as a sole fermentative agent during cider production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Al Daccache
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA (Technologies de Valorisation Agroalimentaires, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon.,Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France
| | - Dominique Salameh
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA (Technologies de Valorisation Agroalimentaires, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Laure E L Chamy
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire BGF, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- ESCOM, UTC, EA 4297 TIMR, 1 allée du réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA (Technologies de Valorisation Agroalimentaires, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA (Technologies de Valorisation Agroalimentaires, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon
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21
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Abi-Khattar AM, Rajha HN, Abdel-Massih RM, Habchi R, Maroun RG, Debs E, Louka N. "Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum" (IVDV), a novel technology applied as a pretreatment to improve polyphenols extraction from olive leaves. Food Chem 2020; 342:128236. [PMID: 33092913 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Impact of the "Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum" (IVDV) on extraction of polyphenols from olive leaves was investigated. Using Response Surface Methodology, the effect of three variables were studied: initial water content of leaves, processing time and steam pressure on total phenolic content (TPC). Extractions of TPC from leaves were achieved either using 100% water as a solvent (w100), or 50% (v/v) aqueous ethanol (w50). Following IVDV pretreatment, TPC yields were enhanced with both solvents by approximately 3 times compared to the negative controls. Furthermore, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol were intensified by up to 600% and 238% respectively. Antioxidant-antiradical assays revealed higher activities, up to 3.5 times, in extracts from IVDV-treated leaves. Calculation of the extraction indices Zp, reflecting cellular damage, confirmed the beneficial effect of IVDV on the extraction yield. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) permitted the morphological observation of IVDV-treated as compared to untreated leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Abi-Khattar
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Hiba N Rajha
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB). Université Saint-Joseph, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, P. O. Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Roula M Abdel-Massih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, P. O. Box 100, Lebanon.
| | - Roland Habchi
- 2 EC2M, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Pierre Gemayel, Fanar, Lebanese University, 90656, Lebanon.
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, P. O. Box 100, Lebanon.
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
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22
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Al Daccache M, Koubaa M, Maroun RG, Salameh D, Louka N, Vorobiev E. Impact of the Physicochemical Composition and Microbial Diversity in Apple Juice Fermentation Process: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163698. [PMID: 32823772 PMCID: PMC7464816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented apple beverages are produced all over the world with diverse characteristics associated with each country. Despite the diversifications, cider producers are confronted with similar issues and risks. The nature of the raw material, also known as the fermentation medium, plays a key role in fermentation. A well-defined composition of apples is, therefore, required to produce cider with good quality. In addition, ferment and its metabolism are important factors in the fermentation process. The producers of cider and other alcoholic beverages are looking in general for novel yeast strains or for the use of native strains to produce "authentic" and diversified beverages that are distinct from each other, and that attract more and more consumers. Research articles on cider production are infrequent compared to wine production, especially on the impact of the chemical composition and microbial diversity of apples on fermentation. Even though the processing of fermented beverages is close in terms of microbial interactions and production, the study of the specific properties of apples and the production challenges of cider production is advantageous and meaningful for cider producers. This review summarizes the current knowledge on apple composition and the impact of the must composition on fermentation and yeast growth. In addition, the microbial diversity of cider, activities, and its influence on fermentation are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Al Daccache
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CEDEX CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne, France; (M.A.D.); (E.V.)
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (R.G.M.); (D.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- ESCOM, UTC, EA 4297 TIMR, 1 allée du réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster, 60200 Compiègne, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3442-38841
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (R.G.M.); (D.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Dominique Salameh
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (R.G.M.); (D.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (R.G.M.); (D.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CEDEX CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne, France; (M.A.D.); (E.V.)
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23
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Nader J, Afif C, Louka N. Impact of a novel partial defatting technology on oxidative stability and sensory properties of peanut kernels. Food Chem 2020; 334:127581. [PMID: 32717687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel process, 'mechanical expression preserving shape integrity', was conceived to prepare low-fat peanuts in response to health-conscious consumer demands. The main purpose of this study was to preserve the taste, aroma, and oxidative stability of the defatted product. Results generated from a central composite rotatable design showed that highest consumer sensory scores were reached at low pressures (4-6 MPa). Free fatty acid, peroxide, p-anisidine, and total oxidation values were mostly affected by water content [W] and pressure [P] with high correlation coefficients (82% < R2 < 87%). Overall, lipid oxidation and flavor fade were associated with higher defatting ratios and greater physical damage. The latter plays a major role in increasing the surface area and facilitating the access of oxygen to the remaining oil, thus rendering the defatted product more prone to oxidation. However, oxidation was reduced significantly using a Response Surface Methodology to optimize conditions ([W] 12.2 ± 0.6%d.b., [P] 6 ± 0.3 MPa and time [t] 18.2 ± 0.6 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Nader
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 48328, Lebanon; Laboratoire d'Intensification des Procédés Agro-Industriels (LIPAI), Unité de Recherche, Technologie et Valorisation Agroalimentaire (TVA), Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint Joseph, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Charbel Afif
- Laboratoire d'Intensification des Procédés Agro-Industriels (LIPAI), Unité de Recherche, Technologie et Valorisation Agroalimentaire (TVA), Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint Joseph, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Laboratoire d'Intensification des Procédés Agro-Industriels (LIPAI), Unité de Recherche, Technologie et Valorisation Agroalimentaire (TVA), Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint Joseph, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
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24
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Rajha HN, Koubaa M, Boussetta N, Maroun RG, Louka N, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E. Selective ultrasound‐assisted aqueous extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels and seeds. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba N. Rajha
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la MatièreRenouvelable EA 4297 Centre de Recherches de Royallieu Université de Technologie de CompiègneSorbonne Universités Compiègne France
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro‐alimentaire Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - Nadia Boussetta
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la MatièreRenouvelable EA 4297 Centre de Recherches de Royallieu Université de Technologie de CompiègneSorbonne Universités Compiègne France
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro‐alimentaire Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro‐alimentaire Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nikolaï Lebovka
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la MatièreRenouvelable EA 4297 Centre de Recherches de Royallieu Université de Technologie de CompiègneSorbonne Universités Compiègne France
- Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F. D. Ovcharenko NAS of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la MatièreRenouvelable EA 4297 Centre de Recherches de Royallieu Université de Technologie de CompiègneSorbonne Universités Compiègne France
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25
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Al Daccache M, Koubaa M, Salameh D, Maroun RG, Louka N, Vorobiev E. Ultrasound-assisted fermentation for cider production from Lebanese apples. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 63:104952. [PMID: 31945563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work studies the impact of low-intensity ultrasound (US) on Hanseniaspora sp. yeast fermentations. The effect of pulse duration and growth phase on US application was first evaluated using a synthetic medium. The optimal conditions were then applied to apple juice US-assisted fermentation. An US treatment chamber was first designed to allow the recycling of the culture medium. The optimal US pulse duration on the yeast growth rate was of 0.5 s followed by 6 s rest period, and during 6 h of both Lag and Log phases. These US parameters led to a faster consumption of glucose in the medium during the fermentation, compared to the untreated culture. The impact of US was also depending on the growth phase, showing higher sensitivity of the yeast to US during the Lag phase rather than the Log phase. US-assisted fermentation of apple juice showed a significant increase in biomass growth and glucose consumption, along with a significant decrease in the ethanol yield. The fastest growth kinetic (by 52%), and the highest ethanol reduction (by 0.55% (v, v)) were obtained for the treatment during the first 12 h of fermentation, thereby, the stationary phase was reached faster, and the maximum biomass growth rate was 10 folds higher compared to the untreated culture. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the promising efficiency of US-assisted fermentation in stimulating the biomass growth and reducing the ethanol content in alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Al Daccache
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne cedex, France; Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- ESCOM, UTC, EA 4297 TIMR, 1 allée du réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster, 60200 Compiègne, France.
| | - Dominique Salameh
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne cedex, France
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Al Daccache M, Koubaa M, Maroun RG, Salameh D, Louka N, Vorobiev E. Pulsed electric field-assisted fermentation of Hanseniaspora sp. yeast isolated from Lebanese apples. Food Res Int 2020; 129:108840. [PMID: 32036887 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hanseniaspora sp. yeast was stimulated using pulsed electric field (PEF) during the different fermentation phases. The impact of PEF parameters on the growth rate and substrate consumption was studied. The PEF intensities chosen for this study were mainly in the range of 72-285 V cm-1. A PEF treatment chamber was designed for this study with a ratio of 1:50 between the volume of the fermenter and the volume of the chamber. It allows the recycling of the culture medium using a peristaltic pump, and the yeast treatment by PEF during the fermentation. The continuous circulation of the medium allows avoiding the increase of the temperature inside the fermenter, the cell aggregation, as well as the agitation and the scale-up issues that are associated with the PEF treatment of the entire volume in batch mode. The maximal yeast growth rate was obtained using an electric field strength of 285 V cm-1 applied during both Lag and early exponential phase, and Log phase. This observation was accompanied by a faster consumption of glucose in the medium during the fermentation. Besides, the sensitivity of Hanseniaspora sp. yeast to PEF treatment was more pronounced during the Lag and early exponential phase than the Log phase. The results obtained exposed the great benefit of stimulating Hanseniaspora sp. yeast using moderate PEF as it reduces the fermentation time along with increasing the biomass concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Al Daccache
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France; Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- ESCOM, UTC, EA 4297 TIMR, 1 allée du réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster, 60200 Compiègne, France.
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Dominique Salameh
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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El Kantar S, Rajha HN, Maroun RG, Louka N. Intensification of polyphenols extraction from orange peels using infrared as a novel and energy saving pretreatment. J Food Sci 2020; 85:414-420. [PMID: 31968404 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the impact of a nonconventional pretreatment technique "infrareds free solvent" on the intensification of polyphenols extraction from orange peels. Orange peels were pretreated with infrared heating using a ceramic infrared transmitter from 5 to 25 min at 50 °C. After the addition of the solvent on the pretreated peels, ultrasound treatment was applied on the mixture using an ultrasound generator connected to a titanium ultrasound probe, from 5 to 30 min, at 50 °C. Results showed that the application of ultrasounds on untreated peels enhanced the extraction of polyphenols by 62.5% compared to the conventional solid-liquid extraction. Twenty minutes of infrared pretreatment improved the extraction of polyphenols by 47% with solid-liquid extraction, and 112% with ultrasounds after 30 min compared to solid-liquid extraction from untreated peels. Different combinations of infrared pretreatment and ultrasound assisted extraction were then applied on orange peels. The most advantageous combination in terms of energy consumption and polyphenols extraction has been found for a 20 min infrared pretreatment time and 5 min ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Orange peels are valuable sources of natural antioxidants such as polyphenols. Ultrasound-assisted extraction can improve the extraction of polyphenols compared to conventional solid-liquid extraction. To intensify the extraction process, infrared heating can be used as a simple, low cost, and energy saving method. The combined effect of "infrareds free solvent" and ultrasounds allowed the extraction of the highest yields of polyphenols with a high antiradical capacity and a low energy consumption in comparison to conventional extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally El Kantar
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Univ. Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1104 2020, Lebanon.,Dept. of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American Univ., Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Hiba N Rajha
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Univ. Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Univ. Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Univ. Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1104 2020, Lebanon
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Al Daccache M, Koubaa M, Salameh D, Vorobiev E, Maroun RG, Louka N. Control of the sugar/ethanol conversion rate during moderate pulsed electric field-assisted fermentation of a Hanseniaspora sp. strain to produce low-alcohol cider. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rajha HN, Abi-Khattar AM, El Kantar S, Boussetta N, Lebovka N, Maroun RG, Louka N, Vorobiev E. Comparison of aqueous extraction efficiency and biological activities of polyphenols from pomegranate peels assisted by infrared, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields and high-voltage electrical discharges. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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El Kantar S, Rajha HN, Boussetta N, Vorobiev E, Maroun RG, Louka N. Green extraction of polyphenols from grapefruit peels using high voltage electrical discharges, deep eutectic solvents and aqueous glycerol. Food Chem 2019; 295:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abi-Khattar AM, Rajha HN, Abdel-Massih RM, Maroun RG, Louka N, Debs E. Intensification of Polyphenol Extraction from Olive Leaves Using Ired-Irrad ®, an Environmentally-Friendly Innovative Technology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070227. [PMID: 31323872 PMCID: PMC6680986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimization of infrared-assisted extraction was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in order to intensify polyphenol recovery from olive leaves. The extraction efficiency using Ired-Irrad®, a newly-patented infrared apparatus (IR), was compared to water bath (WB) conventional extraction. Under optimal conditions, as suggested by the model and confirmed experimentally, the total phenolic content yield was enhanced by more than 30% using IR as contrasted to WB, which even required 27% more ethanol consumption. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses quantified the two major phenolic compounds of the leaves: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which were both intensified by 18% and 21%, respectively. IR extracts increased the antiradical activity by 25% and the antioxidant capacity by 51% compared to WB extracts. On the other hand, extracts of olive leaves obtained by both techniques exhibited equal effects regarding the inhibition of 20 strains of Staphylococcusaureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varying between 3.125 and 12.5 mg/mL. Similarly, both extracts inhibited Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) secretion by Aspergillus flavus, with no growth inhibition of the fungus. Finally, optimization using RSM allowed us to suggest other IR operating conditions aiming at significantly reducing the consumption of energy and solvent, while maintaining similar quantity and quality of phenolic compounds as what is optimally obtained using WB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Abi-Khattar
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hiba N Rajha
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | | | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Tripoli, P. O. Box 100, Lebanon
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Assaf JC, Nahle S, Chokr A, Louka N, Atoui A, El Khoury A. Assorted Methods for Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Using Microbial Adsorbents. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E304. [PMID: 31146398 PMCID: PMC6628408 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AF) are carcinogenic metabolites produced by different species of Aspergillus which readily colonize crops. AFM1 is secreted in the milk of lactating mammals through the ingestion of feedstuffs contaminated by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Therefore, its presence in milk, even in small amounts, presents a real concern for dairy industries and consumers of dairy products. Different strategies can lead to the reduction of AFM1 contamination levels in milk. They include adopting good agricultural practices, decreasing the AFB1 contamination of animal feeds, or using diverse types of adsorbent materials. One of the most effective types of adsorbents used for AFM1 decontamination are those of microbial origin. This review discusses current issues about AFM1 decontamination methods. These methods are based on the use of different bio-adsorbent agents such as bacteria and yeasts to complex AFM1 in milk. Moreover, this review answers some of the raised concerns about the binding stability of the formed AFM1-microbial complex. Thus, the efficiency of the decontamination methods was addressed, and plausible experimental variants were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Assaf
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon .
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut P.O Box 5, Lebanon.
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Nahle
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon .
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut P.O Box 5, Lebanon.
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon.
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut P.O Box 5, Lebanon.
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon.
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon .
| | - Ali Atoui
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut P.O Box 5, Lebanon.
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des sciences et technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon .
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Chacar S, Hajal J, Saliba Y, Bois P, Louka N, Maroun RG, Faivre JF, Fares N. Long-term intake of phenolic compounds attenuates age-related cardiac remodeling. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12894. [PMID: 30680911 PMCID: PMC6413651 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With the onset of advanced age, cardiac‐associated pathologies have increased in prevalence. The hallmarks of cardiac aging include cardiomyocyte senescence, fibroblast proliferation, inflammation, and hypertrophy. The imbalance between levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes is greatly enhanced in aging cells, promoting cardiac remodeling. In this work, we studied the long‐term impact of phenolic compounds (PC) on age‐associated cardiac remodeling. Three‐month‐old Wistar rats were treated for 14 months till middle‐age with either 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg kg−1 day−1 of PC. PC treatment showed a dose‐dependent preservation of cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening as well as decreased hypertrophy reflected by left ventricular chamber diameter and posterior wall thickness as compared to untreated middle‐aged control animals. Analyses of proteins from cardiac tissue showed that PC attenuated several hypertrophic pathways including calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc3), calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CAMKII), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK 3ß). PC‐treated groups exhibited reduced plasma inflammatory and fibrotic markers and revealed as well ameliorated extracellular matrix remodeling and interstitial inflammation by a downregulated p38 pathway. Myocardia from PC‐treated middle‐aged rats presented less fibrosis with suppression of profibrotic transforming growth factor‐ß1 (TGF‐ß1) Smad pathway. Additionally, reduction of apoptosis and oxidative damage in the PC‐treated groups was reflected by elevated antioxidant enzymes and reduced RNA/DNA damage markers. Our findings pinpoint that a daily consumption of phenolic compounds could preserve the heart from the detrimental effects of aging storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chacar
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie Santé; Université Saint Joseph; Beyrouth Liban
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTA; Université Saint-Joseph; Beyrouth Liban
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM); Université de Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie Santé; Université Saint Joseph; Beyrouth Liban
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie Santé; Université Saint Joseph; Beyrouth Liban
| | - Patrick Bois
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM); Université de Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTA; Université Saint-Joseph; Beyrouth Liban
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTA; Université Saint-Joseph; Beyrouth Liban
| | - Jean-François Faivre
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM); Université de Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - Nassim Fares
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie Santé; Université Saint Joseph; Beyrouth Liban
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Assaf JC, Khoury AE, Chokr A, Louka N, Atoui A. A novel method for elimination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
GG
biofilm. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Assaf
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR)Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro‐Alimentaire (UR‐TVA) Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph de Beyrouth Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos Matn Lebanon
- Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Life and Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE) Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
- Ecole Doctorale ‘Sciences et Santé’ Université Saint‐Joseph de Beyrouth Campus des Sciences Médicales et Infirmières Riad El Solh, Beyrouth Liban
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR)Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro‐Alimentaire (UR‐TVA) Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph de Beyrouth Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos Matn Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Life and Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE) Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR)Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro‐Alimentaire (UR‐TVA) Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph de Beyrouth Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos Matn Lebanon
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Life and Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
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Raafat K, El-Darra N, Saleh F, Rajha H, Louka N. Optimization of infrared-assisted extraction of bioactive lactones from Saussurea lappa L. and their effects against gestational diabetes. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_380_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Chacar S, Tarighi M, Fares N, Faivre JF, Louka N, Maroun RG. Identification of Phenolic Compounds-Rich Grape Pomace Extracts Urine Metabolites and Correlation with Gut Microbiota Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7060075. [PMID: 29866989 PMCID: PMC6025592 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The high diversity of phenolic compounds (PC) found in food matrices makes it challenging to analyze their bioavailability and their impact on health and functional metabolism. It is well recognized that PC do modulate the composition of the gut microbiota (GM), however, the literature still lacks significant data concerning the link between the metabolic fate of the ingested compounds and their bioactivity, mainly when considering the secondary metabolites produced. In this study, we assessed the metabolic fate of PC for a period covering 14 months of daily intake to identify the metabolites that could be responsible for the effects of PC on the GM observed in our previous work. Urinary analysis of polyphenol metabolites was performed using a high resolution mass spectrometry LC-QTOF-MS method. Among the sixteen metabolites identified, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid were detected simultaneously and, therefore, correlated with the growth of Bifidobacterium in the rat GM. In addition, Daidzedin, detected only at 14 months post-treatment, mostly interfered with the growth inhibition of Clostridium (Cluster I). In conclusion, the impact of the long-term intake of PC on rat GM seems to be related to specific metabolites produced after ingestion of the parental compounds and this may also be due to their additional synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chacar
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTA, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Poitiers EA 7349, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - Mehrad Tarighi
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers UMR CNRS 7285, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - Nassim Fares
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Jean-François Faivre
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Poitiers EA 7349, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTA, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTA, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
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Assaf JC, El Khoury A, Atoui A, Louka N, Chokr A. A novel technique for aflatoxin M1 detoxification using chitin or treated shrimp shells: in vitro effect of physical and kinetic parameters on the binding stability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6687-6697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rajha HN, El Kantar S, Afif C, Boussetta N, Louka N, Maroun RG, Vorobiev E. Selective multistage extraction process of biomolecules from vine shoots by a combination of biological, chemical, and physical treatments. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cheaib D, El Darra N, Rajha HN, Ghazzawi IE, Maroun RG, Louka N. Biological activity of apricot byproducts polyphenols using solid-liquid and infrared-assisted technology. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Cheaib
- Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Sciences; P.O. Box 115020, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nada El Darra
- Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Health Sciences; Tarik El Jedidah - Beirut, P.O. Box 115020 Riad El Solh 1107 2809; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences; Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Iman El Ghazzawi
- Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Health Sciences; Tarik El Jedidah - Beirut, P.O. Box 115020 Riad El Solh 1107 2809; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences; Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences; Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh; Beirut Lebanon
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Raafat K, El-Darra N, Saleh FA, Rajha HN, Maroun RG, Louka N. Infrared-Assisted Extraction and HPLC-Analysis of Prunus armeniaca L. Pomace and Detoxified-Kernel and their Antidiabetic Effects. Phytochem Anal 2018; 29:156-167. [PMID: 28895235 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prunus armeniaca L. (P. armeniaca) is one of the medicinal plants with a high safety-profile. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to make an infrared-assisted extraction (IR-AE) of P. armeniaca fruit (pomace) and kernel, and analyse them using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) aided method. METHODS IR-AE is a novel-technique aimed at increasing the extraction-efficiency. The antidiabetic-potentials of the P. armeniaca pomace (AP) and the detoxified P. armeniaca kernel extract (DKAP) were monitored exploring their possible hypoglycemic-mechanisms. Acute (6 h), subchronic (8 days) and long-term (8 weeks) assessment of Diabetes mellitus (DM) using glucometers and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) methods were applied. RESULTS Serum-insulin levels, the inhibitory effects on alpha-glucosidase, serum-catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were also monitored. AP was shown to be rich in polyphenolics like trans-lutein (14.1%), trans-zeaxanthin (10.5%), trans-ß-cryptoxanthin (11.6%), 13, cis-ß-carotene (6.5%), trans 9, cis-ß-carotene (18.4%), and ß-carotene (21.5%). Prunus armeniaca kernel extract before detoxification (KAP) was found to be rich in amygdaline (16.1%), which caused a high mortality rate (50.1%), while after detoxification (amygdaline, 1.4%) a lower mortality rate (9.1%) was found. AP showed significant (p ≤ 0.05, n = 7/group) antidiabetic-activity more prominent than DKAP acutely, subchronically and on longer-terms. IR-AEs displayed more efficient acute and subchronic blood glucose level (BGL) reduction than a conventional extraction method, which might be attributed to IR-AE superiority in extraction of active ingredients. AP showed more-significant and dose-dependent increase in serum-insulin, CAT-levels and body-weights more prominent than those of DKAP. Alpha-glucosidase and LPO levels were inhibited with AP-groups more-significantly. CONCLUSION In comparison to conventional-methods, IR-AE appeared to be an efficient and time-conserving novel extraction method. The antidiabetic-potentials of pomace and detoxified-kernels of P. armeniaca were probably mediated via the attenuation of glucose-provoked oxidative-stress, the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and the marked insulin-secretagogue effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Raafat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada El-Darra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima A Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba N Rajha
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
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Nader J, Louka N. Development of a novel technology entitled “Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum” (IVDV) for reconstitution and texturing of partially defatted peanuts. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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El Achkar JH, Lendormi T, Salameh D, Louka N, Maroun RG, Lanoisellé JL, Hobaika Z. Influence of pretreatment conditions on lignocellulosic fractions and methane production from grape pomace. Bioresour Technol 2018; 247:881-889. [PMID: 30060426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lignocellulosic structure of grape pomace requires the use of pretreatments facilitating microbial decomposition of the matter and enhancing methane production. In this study, the effects of various pretreatments (freezing, alkaline treatment using NaOH and NH3, acid treatment using HCl, ultrasounds and pulsed electric fields) were examined in batch mode. The highest methane production (0.178Nm3kg-1 of COD) was attained after alkaline treatment with 10% NaOH w/w dry basis, at 20°C and for 24h. This result is due to the degradation of more than 50% of lignin and about 22% of cellulose present in grape pomace. The coupling of this pretreatment with freezing at -20°C exhibited the highest methane production of 0.2194±0.0007Nm3kg-1 of COD. When applied to a larger scale continuous digester, this coupled pretreatment increased methane production by about 27%, compared to the untreated samples, promoting the green valorization of the biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H El Achkar
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France; Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Thomas Lendormi
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France
| | - Dominique Salameh
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Zeina Hobaika
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
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El Achkar JH, Lendormi T, Salameh D, Louka N, Maroun RG, Lanoisellé JL, Hobaika Z. Anaerobic digestion of grape pomace: Effect of the hydraulic retention time on process performance and fibers degradability. Waste Manag 2018; 71:137-146. [PMID: 29122460 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the anaerobic digestion of grape pomace under mesophilic conditions, continuous digesters were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) (30, 20, 15 and 10 days) equivalent to organic loading rates (OLR) of 2.5, 3.7, 5.7 and 7.3 kg COD m-3 d-1, respectively. At HRTs of 30 and 20 days, steady state conditions were observed with methane yields of 0.984 ± 0.013 NL d-1 and 1.362 ± 0.018 NL d-1, respectively. The HRT of 15 days was found critical because of acids accumulation through the experiments. When the OLR of 5.7 kg COD m-3 d-1 was reached, methane production was found to be instable. Finally, at HRT of 10 days, a failure of the system was observed due to the washing of the methanogenic microorganisms. Regarding the degradability of the lignocellulosic fractions, the maximum reduction yields for hemicellulose and cellulose were noted for HRTs of 30 and 20 days, while lignin was not degraded throughout the different experiments. For an optimization of the process, HRT of 20 days can therefore be recommended for productive use in large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H El Achkar
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France; Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Thomas Lendormi
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France
| | - Dominique Salameh
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Zeina Hobaika
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
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Assaf JC, Atoui A, Khoury AE, Chokr A, Louka N. A comparative study of procedures for binding of aflatoxin M1 to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:120-127. [PMID: 28843807 PMCID: PMC5790588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), frequently used in food fermentation and preservation, have been reported to bind different types of toxins in liquid media. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in liquid media. AFM1 binding was tested following repetitive washes or filtration procedures in combination with additional treatments such as heating, pipetting, and centrifugation. The mixture of L. rhamnosus GG and AFM1 was incubated for 18h at 37°C and the binding efficiency was determined by quantifying the unbound AFM1 using HPLC. The stability of the complexes viable bacteria-AFM1 and heat treated bacteria-AFM1 was tested. Depending on the bacterial concentration and procedure used, the percentages of bound AFM1 by L. rhamnosus GG varied from as low as undetectable to as high as 63%. The highest reduction in the level of unbound AFM1 was recorded for the five washes procedure that involved heating and pipetting. Results also showed that binding was partially reversible and AFM1 was released after repeated washes. These findings highlight the effect of different treatments on the binding of AFM1 to L. rhamnosus GG in liquid matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Assaf
- Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Faculté des Sciences, Matn, Lebanon; Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Beirut, Lebanon; Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Ecole Doctorale "Sciences et Santé", Campus des Sciences Médicales et Infirmières, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Atoui
- Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - André El Khoury
- Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Faculté des Sciences, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Faculté des Sciences, Matn, Lebanon
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Chacar S, Itani T, Hajal J, Saliba Y, Louka N, Faivre JF, Maroun R, Fares N. The Impact of Long-Term Intake of Phenolic Compounds-Rich Grape Pomace on Rat Gut Microbiota. J Food Sci 2017; 83:246-251. [PMID: 29227528 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact on the rat microbiota of long-term feeding with phenolic compounds (PC) rich grape pomace extracts. Thirty, 2-mo-old rats, were divided into 5 groups. Four groups were treated with different concentrations of PC (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/d diluted in 0.1% DMSO), and 1 group received 0.1% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) alone (control group). The daily treatment lasted 14 mo. Major phenolic compounds constituents were characterized by the high-performance liquid chromatography and free radical scavenging capacity was measured by means of the DPPH assay. Fecal samples from young rats (2-mo old), and rats daily fed with PC or DMSO were collected at 6 and 14 mo posttreatment. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in the groups PC 2.5 and PC 5 than in control and young rats. Lactobacillus decreased with time in all treated and untreated groups. Bacteroides, Clostridium leptum subgroup (Clostridium cluster IV), and Enterococcus were not significantly changed by PC at any concentration when compared to control; nevertheless, after 14 mo of treatment all concentrations of PC abolished the increase of Clostridium sensu stricto (cluster I) (Clostridium Cluster I) observed in the control group when compared to young rats. PC do modulate selectively rat gut microbiome to a healthier phenotype in long-term feeding rats, and could counteract the adverse outcomes of aging on gut bacterial population. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This research shows that phenolic-rich grape pomace extracts exhibiting a high antioxidant activity, selectively modulate rat gut microbiota to a healthier phenotype within age in a long-term feeding rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chacar
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire SIM, Faculté des Sciences, Univ. Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban.,Laboratoire de recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, pôle technologie santé, Faculté de Médecine, Univ. Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban.,Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), ERL CNRS 7368, Univ. de Poitiers, France
| | - Tarek Itani
- Laboratoire Rodolphe Mérieux, pôle technologie santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Laboratoire de recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, pôle technologie santé, Faculté de Médecine, Univ. Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Laboratoire de recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, pôle technologie santé, Faculté de Médecine, Univ. Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire SIM, Faculté des Sciences, Univ. Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Jean-François Faivre
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), ERL CNRS 7368, Univ. de Poitiers, France
| | - Richard Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire SIM, Faculté des Sciences, Univ. Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Nassim Fares
- Laboratoire de recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, pôle technologie santé, Faculté de Médecine, Univ. Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
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El Darra N, Rajha HN, Saleh F, Al-Oweini R, Maroun RG, Louka N. Food fraud detection in commercial pomegranate molasses syrups by UV–VIS spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC methods. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nader J, Afif C, Louka N. Expansion of partially defatted peanuts by a new texturizing process called “Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum” (IVDV). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rajha HN, El Darra N, El Kantar S, Hobaika Z, Louka N, Maroun RG. A Comparative Study of the Phenolic and Technological Maturities of Red Grapes Grown in Lebanon. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6010008. [PMID: 28134785 PMCID: PMC5383968 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape harvest date is determined according to the technological and phenolic maturities. These parameters were calculated for different red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Franc) over four years (2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011) (642 samples). Titratable acidity and sugar content of the grapes were used to determine the technological maturity, whereas Glories (1 and 2) and ITV (Institut Technique de la Vigne et du Vin) methods were used to monitor their phenolic maturity. The ITV method allows the monitoring of phenolic maturity by the quantification of total polyphenol index and anthocyanins, while the Glories method enables the quantitative evolution of extractable anthocyanins and tannins of the grapes. A correlation was shown between the harvest dates obtained by both ITV and Glories (R2 = 0.7 – 0.93). Phenolic maturity of grapes can, therefore, be optimized by the application of both ITV and Glories. Similarly, a correlation was observed between technological and phenolic harvest dates. The effect of climate on the phenolic content of grapes was also studied. The highest temperatures (up to 25 °C) accompanied by the lowest rainfall (null value), induced the maximal concentration of polyphenols in grapes. Thermal and water stresses were also shown to enhance the grapes’ polyphenolic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba N. Rajha
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon; (H.N.R.); (S.E.K.); (Z.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Nada El Darra
- Faculty of Heath Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tarik El Jedidah–Beirut, P.O. Box 115020 Riad EL Solh, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon;
| | - Sally El Kantar
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon; (H.N.R.); (S.E.K.); (Z.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Zeina Hobaika
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon; (H.N.R.); (S.E.K.); (Z.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon; (H.N.R.); (S.E.K.); (Z.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon; (H.N.R.); (S.E.K.); (Z.H.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-1-421-366; Fax: +961-4-532-657
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El Darra N, Rajha HN, Ducasse MA, Turk MF, Grimi N, Maroun RG, Louka N, Vorobiev E. Effect of pulsed electric field treatment during cold maceration and alcoholic fermentation on major red wine qualitative and quantitative parameters. Food Chem 2016; 213:352-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nader J, Fawaz N, Afif C, Louka N. A novel process for preparing low-fat peanuts: Optimization of the oil extraction yield with limited structural and organoleptic damage. Food Chem 2016; 197 Pt B:1215-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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