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Post-Transcriptional Effects of miRNAs on PCSK7 Expression and Function: miR-125a-5p, miR-143-3p, and miR-409-3p as Negative Regulators. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070588. [PMID: 35888711 PMCID: PMC9323720 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanism of PCSK7 gene is still unknown, although its encoded protein PC7 is the most ancient and highly conserved of all proprotein convertases and exhibits enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions in liver triglyceride regulation. Bioinformatics algorithms were used to predict regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) of PCSK7 expression. This led to the identification of four miRNAs, namely miR-125a-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-409-3p, and miR-320a-3p, with potential binding sites on the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of human PCSK7 mRNA. The expression patterns of these miRNAs and PCSK7 mRNA were assessed in three different cell lines with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which revealed reciprocal expression patterns between the expression levels of the four selected miRNAs and PCSK7. Next, the interactions and effects of these miRNAs on PCSK7 expression levels were investigated via cell-based expression analysis, dual-luciferase assay, and Western blot analysis. The data revealed that PCSK7 mRNA levels decreased in cells transfected with vectors overexpressing miR-125a-5p, miR-143-3p, and miR-409-3p, but not miR-320a-3p. The dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that the above three miRNAs could directly interact with putative target sites in PCSK7 3′-UTR and regulate its expression, whereas miR-320-3p exhibited no interaction. Western blot analysis further revealed that the overexpression of miR-125a-5p in Huh7 cells inhibits the expression and ability of PC7 to cleave human transferrin receptor 1. Our results support a regulatory role of these miRNAs on PCSK7 expression and function and open the way to assess their roles in the regulation of PC7 activity in vivo in the development of hepatic steatosis.
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2
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PACE4-altCT isoform of proprotein convertase PACE4 as tissue and plasmatic biomarker for prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6066. [PMID: 35410344 PMCID: PMC9001653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe proprotein convertase PACE4 has demonstrated value as a viable therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). A novel isoform named PACE4-altCT, which arises in neoplastic lesions, plays an important role in tumor progression and has been validated as a pharmacological target. With the discovery of its overexpression in PCa and the alternative splicing of its pre-RNA to generate an oncogenic C-terminally modified isoform named PACE4-altCT, understanding and validating its value as a potential biomarker is of great interest either from prognostic or targeted therapy intervention. Expression of ERG in LNCaP cells was used to investigate the relationship between ERG expression occurring in PCa cells and PACE4-altCT expression by Western blot and qPCR. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of PACE4 isoforms in patient tissues were investigated and correlated with ERG tumor status and Gleason score. An ELISA method was developed using affinity purified recombinant protein and used for quantitative analysis of plasma concentrations of PACE4-altCT and used for correlation. In contrast with the consensual isoform, PACE4-altCT was only strongly overexpressed in prostate cancer patients, correlated with ERG expression levels. Despite its intracellular retention PACE4-altCT could be detected in the plasma of most patients with prostate cancer, whereas it was only found at low levels in normal patients whereas total plasmatic PACE4 levels did not vary significantly between groups. Our study demonstrates that PACE4-altCT is strongly overexpressed in prostate cancer using both immunohistochemical and ELISA techniques and may have some interesting potential as a biomarker.
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Larson NB, McDonnell SK, Fogarty Z, Liu Y, French AJ, Tillmans LS, Cheville JC, Wang L, Schaid DJ, Thibodeau SN. A microRNA Transcriptome-wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer Risk. Front Genet 2022; 13:836841. [PMID: 35432445 PMCID: PMC9006872 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.836841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PrCa), and many of these risk loci is presumed to confer regulatory effects on gene expression. While eQTL studies of long RNAs has yielded many potential risk genes, the relationship between PrCa risk genetics and microRNA expression dysregulation is understudied. We performed an microRNA transcriptome-wide association study of PrCa risk using small RNA sequencing and genome-wide genotyping data from N = 441 normal prostate epithelium tissue samples along with N = 411 prostate adenocarcinoma tumor samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Genetically regulated expression prediction models were trained for all expressed microRNAs using the FUSION TWAS software. TWAS for PrCa risk was performed with both sets of models using single-SNP summary statistics from the recent PRACTICAL consortium PrCa case-control OncoArray GWAS meta-analysis. A total of 613 and 571 distinct expressed microRNAs were identified in the normal and tumor tissue datasets, respectively (overlap: 480). Among these, 79 (13%) normal tissue microRNAs demonstrated significant cis-heritability (median cis-h2 = 0.15, range: 0.03–0.79) for model training. Similar results were obtained from TCGA tumor samples, with 48 (9%) microRNA expression models successfully trained (median cis-h2 = 0.14, range: 0.06–0.60). Using normal tissue models, we identified two significant TWAS microRNA associations with PrCa risk: over-expression of mir-941 family microRNAs (PTWAS = 2.9E-04) and reduced expression of miR-3617-5p (PTWAS = 1.0E-03). The TCGA tumor TWAS also identified a significant association with miR-941 overexpression (PTWAS = 9.7E-04). Subsequent finemapping of the TWAS results using a multi-tissue database indicated limited evidence of causal status for each microRNA with PrCa risk (posterior inclusion probabilities <0.05). Future work will examine downstream regulatory effects of microRNA dysregulation as well as microRNA-mediated risk mechanisms via competing endogenous RNA relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Nicholas B. Larson,
| | - Shannon K. McDonnell
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zachary Fogarty
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amy J. French
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lori S. Tillmans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - John C. Cheville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Stephen N. Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Mei J, Li L, Wang Y. Up-regulation of microRNA-135 or silencing of PCSK6 attenuates inflammatory response in preeclampsia by restricting NLRP3 inflammasome. Mol Med 2021; 27:82. [PMID: 34301174 PMCID: PMC8299578 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have confirmed the correlation of microRNAs (miRNAs) with human disease, yet few have explored the role of miR-135 in preeclampsia (PE). This study intends to discuss miR-135's function in inflammatory response in PE by modulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 (PCSK6) and NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). METHODS The venous blood and placental tissues were collected from PE pregnant women and 25 normal ones. The levels of miR-135, PCSK6 and NLRP3 in placenta tissues of patients were detected. Hypoxia/reoxygenation HTR-8/SVneo and HPT-8 models were established to mimic PE in vitro, and cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis rate, invasion, migration and inflammation were detected through gain-of and loss-of-function assays. RESULTS MiR-135 was down-regulated, and PCSK6 and NLRP3 were up-regulated in PE patients. Up-regulating miR-135 or silencing PCSK6 strengthened colony formation ability, viability, invasion and migration ability, and weakened apoptosis and inflammation of H/R-treated HTR-8/SVneo and HPT-8 cells. Inhibition of NLRP3 negated the effects of silenced PCSK6 in H/R-treated HTR-8/SVneo and HPT-8 cells. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we demonstrate that up-regulated miR-135 or reduced PCSK6 attenuates inflammatory response in PE by restricting NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides novel therapy for PE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhao
- Genaecology and Obstetrics Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section First Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Genaecology and Obstetrics Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section First Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Genaecology and Obstetrics Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section First Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Genaecology and Obstetrics Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section First Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Genaecology and Obstetrics Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section First Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yujue Wang
- Genaecology and Obstetrics Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section First Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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5
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Lin Y, Long H, Tan X, Zhang D, Jiang L. PACE4 Expression is a Novel Independent Prognostic Factor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8623-8629. [PMID: 32982453 PMCID: PMC7509316 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s264143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paired basic amino acid-cleaving enzyme 4 (PACE4) belongs to the family of proprotein convertase and is essential for tumor progression, whereas its role in cancer remains controversial and little is known about its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The aim of this study was to examine if the expression of PACE4 is a prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC. Methods Immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze PACE4 expression in NPC cell line CNE1 and 172 clinicopathologically characterized NPC tissues. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier plots, and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results IF and IHC staining results showed that PACE4 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of NPC cell line (CNE1) and NPC tissues. Expression of PACE4 was observed in 46/172 (26.7%) of NPC tissues. Further analysis showed that expression of PACE4 was positively associated with late N stage, distant metastasis, and late clinical stage (P<0.05). High expression of PACE4 predicted shorter 5-year overall survival of patients with NPC, especially for the patients in advanced stage (32.7% vs 77.3%, P<0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that PACE4 expression may serve as a potential prognostic factor for NPC. Conclusion Our results suggest that PACE4 may play a crucial role in tumor progression and may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Huidong Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
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6
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He J, Yang H, Xu Z, Li J, Chen G, Jiang L, Wu L, Zhou X. A functional polymorphism in the paired basic amino acid-cleaving enzyme 4 gene confers osteoarthritis risk in a population of Eastern China. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190115. [PMID: 32167127 PMCID: PMC7197988 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paired basic amino acid-cleaving enzyme 4 (PACE4), a proprotein convertase, is
involved in the activation of aggrecanases (ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) in
osteoarthritic and cytokine-stimulated cartilage. Activated aggrecanases cause
aggrecan degradation and thus, contribute to osteoarthritis (OA). In this study,
we investigated the association between PACE4 gene
polymorphisms and OA risk. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs4965833) in the
PACE4 gene was genotyped in 432 OA patients and 523 healthy
controls using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass
spectrometry. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to
determine the relative expression of PACE4 in blood samples
from 90 OA patients (30 for each genotype). The relative expression level of
PACE4 mRNA was higher in the GG genotype as compared to the
AA/AG group. Moreover, the PACE4 rs4965833 polymorphism was
associated with increased risk of OA, especially among individuals aged ≥55
years and with a body mass index ≥25. There was no significant association
between the PACE4 rs4965833 polymorphism and clinical
parameters of OA patients, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive
protein, Visual Analog Scale for pain and Lequesne’s index. In conclusion, the
rs4965833 polymorphism in the 3’-UTR of PACE4 is associated
with OA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi No.9 People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xindie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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7
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Enhanced anti-tumor activity of the Multi-Leu peptide PACE4 inhibitor transformed into an albumin-bound tumor-targeting prodrug. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2118. [PMID: 30765725 PMCID: PMC6376031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The proprotein convertase PACE4 has been validated as a potential target to develop new therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer (PCa). So far, the most effective compound blocking the activity of this enzyme has been designed based on the structure of a small peptide Ac-LLLLRVKR-NH2 known as the Multi-Leu (ML) peptide. Optimization of this scaffold led to the synthesis of compound C23 (Ac-[DLeu]LLLRVK-amidinobenzylamide) with a potent in vivo inhibitory effect on the tumor growth. However, further developments of PACE4 inhibitors may require additional improvements to counter their rapid renal clearance and to increase their tumor targeting efficiency. Herein, we explored the transformation of the ML-peptide into an albumin-binding prodrug containing a tumor specific release mechanism based on the prostate-specific antigen. Our data confirms that intravenous treatment using the ML-peptide alone has little effect on tumor growth, whereas by using the ML-prodrug in LNCaP xenograft-bearing mice it was significantly reduced. Additionally, excellent in vivo stability and tumor-targeting efficiency was demonstrated using a radiolabelled version of this compound. Taken together, these results provide a solid foundation for further development of targeted PACE4 inhibition in PCa.
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8
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Liu F, Hu H, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Ai X, Tang L, Xie L. miR-124-3p acts as a potential marker and suppresses tumor growth in gastric cancer. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:147-155. [PMID: 30013778 PMCID: PMC6036824 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-124-3p has been implicated in a variety of cancers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression, prognostic roles and functions of miR-124-3p in gastric cancer. Functional studies indicated that ectopic overexpression of miR-124-3p in gastric cancer cells suppressed cell viability and plate colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that decreased expression of miR-124-3p was associated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis, as well as shorter overall survival and disease-free survival rates. Furthermore, it was observed that miR-124-3p repressed the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer by targeting Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and specificity protein 1 (SP1). Collectively, these results indicate a potential underlying mechanism for the regulation of gastric cancer by miR-124-3p involving targeting of Rac1 and SP1. Thus, miR-124-3p may be an independent indicator of survival and treatment strategy for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Medical School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan Hu
- University of South China School of Nursing, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Medical School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Liming Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Couture F, Sabbagh R, Kwiatkowska A, Desjardins R, Guay SP, Bouchard L, Day R. PACE4 Undergoes an Oncogenic Alternative Splicing Switch in Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6863-6879. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Łepek T, Kwiatkowska A, Couture F, Ly K, Desjardins R, Dory Y, Prahl A, Day R. Macrocyclization of a potent PACE4 inhibitor: Benefits and limitations. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:476-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Yamamoto Y, Suehiro Y, Suzuki A, Nawata R, Kawai Y, Inoue R, Hirata H, Matsumoto H, Yamasaki T, Sasaki K, Matsuyama H. Germline DNA copy number variations as potential prognostic markers for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer progression. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1193-1199. [PMID: 28693295 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that germline DNA copy number variations (CNVs) affect various disorders, including human malignancies. However, the significance of CNVs in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to identify the role of CNVs in NMIBC. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis was performed to search for candidate CNVs associated with NMIBC susceptibility. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was carried out to evaluate CNVs associated with patient outcome in 189 NMIBC cases. In total, 11 CNVs were associated with NMIBC risk in array CGH analysis. Out of the 189 CNVs examined, family with sequence similarity 81 member A (FAM81A) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6) CNVs exhibited a significant association with recurrence and disease progression in NMIBC. PCSK6 has been reported to regulate proliferation and tumor progression in breast and prostate malignancies. Notably, patients with pT1 stage had significantly lower PCSK6 relative copy number than those with pTa (P=0.0196). In multivariate analyses, PCSK6 copy number was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (P=0.0456; risk ratio, 2.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-4.82). These data suggest that PCSK6 CNV is a potential new tumor marker for estimating disease progression in NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Atomu Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nawata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kawai
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Shimonoseki Medical Center, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0061, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Małuch I, Levesque C, Kwiatkowska A, Couture F, Ly K, Desjardins R, Neugebauer WA, Prahl A, Day R. Positional Scanning Identifies the Molecular Determinants of a High Affinity Multi-Leucine Inhibitor for Furin and PACE4. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2732-2744. [PMID: 28287731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The proprotein convertase family of enzymes includes seven endoproteases with significant redundancy in their cleavage activity. We previously described the peptide Ac-LLLLRVK-Amba that displays potent inhibitory effects on both PACE4 and prostate cancer cell lines proliferation. Herein, the molecular determinants for PACE4 and furin inhibition were investigated by positional scanning using peptide libraries that substituted its leucine core with each natural amino acid. We determined that the incorporation of basic amino acids led to analogues with improved inhibitory potency toward both enzymes, whereas negatively charged residues significantly reduced it. All the remaining amino acids were in general well tolerated, with the exemption of the P6 position. However, not all of the potent PACE4 inhibitors displayed antiproliferative activity. The best analogues were obtained by the incorporation of the Ile residue at the P5 and P6 positions. These substitutions led to inhibitors with increased PACE4 selectivity and potent antiproliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Małuch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Christine Levesque
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Anna Kwiatkowska
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Frédéric Couture
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Kévin Ly
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Roxane Desjardins
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Witold A Neugebauer
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Adam Prahl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Day
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12e Avenue Nord, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Canada
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Tian F, Chen J, Zheng S, Li D, Zhao X, Jiang P, Li J, Wang S. miR-124 targets GATA6 to suppress cholangiocarcinoma cell invasion and metastasis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:175. [PMID: 28270130 PMCID: PMC5339982 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study showed that GATA6 plays important roles in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell invasion and metastasis. However, the regulation mechanism of GATA6 in CCA is not clear. In this study, we studied the potential function of miR-124 in CCA and the mechanism of GATA6 regulation. Methods The expression levels of miR-124 and GATA6 in cancerous tissues from 57 CCA patients was detected by RT-PCR and IHC. The impact of miR-124 on GATA6 expression in CCA cells was evaluated using cell transfection, xenotransplantation into nude mice and a luciferase reporter assay. Results miR-124 was decreased in 57 cancerous tissue samples compared with 38 matched paracancerous samples. The miR-124 level was inversely associated with lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. miR-124 significantly inhibited invasion and migration of CCA cells in vitro. Furthermore, miR-124 inhibited CCA cell metastasis in nude mice. miR-124 inhibited the luciferase activity of reporter genes containing the wild-type GATA6 3′-UTR, which was abrogated by mutation of the binding site. The protein levels of GATA6 were negatively regulated by miR-124. miR-124 expression was inversely associated with GATA6 in 57 cancerous samples. The miR-124-induced suppression of CCA invasion was abrogated by remedial expression of GATA6. GATA6 expression was decreased by miR-124 overexpression in liver masses from nude mice. Conclusions Our data suggested that miR-124 decreases GATA6 expression by targeting its 3′-UTR, which in turn inhibits CCA invasion and metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3166-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dajiang Li
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs, which play a vital role in tumour formation, development, metastasis and recurrence by inducing DNA methylation, changing tumor microenvironment and regulating signal pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K), K-RAS, epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and so on. Recent studies have found that the expression of many miRNAs is dyregulated in colorectal cancer, and they participate in and control the formation and development of colorectal cancer. Thus, understanding the roles and mechanisms of action of miRNAs in colorectal cancer can provide a new avenue for its early diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prognosis evaluation.
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15
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Liu S, Hu C, Wang Y, Shi G, Li Y, Wu H. miR-124 inhibits proliferation and invasion of human retinoblastoma cells by targeting STAT3. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2398-404. [PMID: 27498908 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that microRNA-124 (miR-124) functions as tumor-suppressor, and involves in tumor initiation, development and metastasis in major classes of human cancers; however, the biological role and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-124 in retinoblastoma (RB) remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the biological activity and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-124 in human retinoblastoma. In the present study, our results demonstrated the downregulation of miR-124 in RB tissues and RB cell lines compared with normal retinal tissues. The ectopic expression of miR-124 in the RB cell lines (Y79 and SO-RB50) suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion, induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was identified as a new target of miR-124, and overexpression of miR-124 decreased STAT3 expression on mRNA level and protein level in human RB cells. We also found that STAT3 mRNA expression was upregulated and inversely correlated with miR-124 expression in the RB tissues (r=-0.683; P<0.001). Restoration of the expression of STAT3 rescues the effects induced by miR-124 in RB cells. The findings of the present study suggested that miR-124 functioned as tumor suppressor in RB, at least in part, by targeting STAT3, and that it could serve as a potential candidate for RB therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Department of Tumor and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Department of Electrical Diagnosis, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Tumor and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Tumor and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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16
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Jiang L, Lin T, Xu C, Hu S, Pan Y, Jin R. miR-124 interacts with the Notch1 signalling pathway and has therapeutic potential against gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:313-22. [PMID: 26612211 PMCID: PMC4727557 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Notch signalling plays an important role in cancer progression. However, little is known about the interaction between miRNA and the Notch signalling pathway and its role in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we found that miR‐124 was down‐regulated in GC compared with adjacent normal tissue. Forced expression of miR‐124 inhibited GC cell growth, migration and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest. miR‐124 negatively regulated Notch1 signalling by targeting JAG1. miR‐124 levels were also shown to be inversely correlated with JAG1 expression in GC. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of the intracellular domain of Notch1 repressed miR‐124 expression, promoted GC cell growth, migration and invasion. Conversely, blocking Notch1 using a γ‐secretase inhibitor up‐regulated miR‐124 expression, inhibited GC cell growth, migration and invasion. In conclusion, our data demonstrates a regulatory feedback loop between miR‐124 and Notch1 signalling in GC cells, suggesting that the miR‐124/Notch axis may be a potential therapeutic target against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiesu Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaochao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunkuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Epidemiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Yao Z, Sun B, Hong Q, Yan J, Mu D, Li J, Sheng H, Guo H. PACE4 regulates apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial signaling pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5911-23. [PMID: 26604689 PMCID: PMC4639519 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PACE4 is a proprotein convertase capable of processing numerous substrates involved in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the precise role of PACE4 during prostate cancer cell apoptosis has not been reported. METHODS In the present study, human prostate cancer cell lines DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 were transfected with PACE4 small interfering (si)RNA to investigate the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis. RESULTS We revealed that PACE4 siRNA exhibited antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis, as determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltet-razolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell cycle analysis, Hoechst staining, caspase-3/7 activity, and western blot analysis. In addition, PACE4 siRNA significantly increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, which led to the release of cytochrome c. Moreover, PACE4 siRNA also induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by increasing the expression of GRP78, GRP94, p-PERK, and p-eIF2α. The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and GRP78 were also increased in PACE4 gene knockdown prostate cancer cells compared with the control cells. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that PACE4 siRNA may exert its antitumor activity through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways, indicating it may be a novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yao
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Yan
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Mu
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Li
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Sheng
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Guo
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Aakula A, Kohonen P, Leivonen SK, Mäkelä R, Hintsanen P, Mpindi JP, Martens-Uzunova E, Aittokallio T, Jenster G, Perälä M, Kallioniemi O, Östling P. Systematic Identification of MicroRNAs That Impact on Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells and Display Changed Expression in Tumor Tissue. Eur Urol 2015; 69:1120-8. [PMID: 26489476 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic approaches to functionally identify key players in microRNA (miRNA)-target networks regulating prostate cancer (PCa) proliferation are still missing. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively map miRNA regulation of genes relevant for PCa proliferation through phenotypic screening and tumor expression data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Gain-of-function screening with 1129 miRNA molecules was performed in five PCa cell lines, measuring proliferation, viability, and apoptosis. These results were integrated with changes in miRNA expression from two cohorts of human PCa (188 tumors in total). For resulting miRNAs, the predicted targets were collected and analyzed for patterns with gene set enrichment analysis, and for their association with biochemical recurrence free survival. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Rank product statistical analysis was used to evaluate miRNA effects in phenotypic screening and for expression differences in the prostate tumor cohorts. Expression data were analyzed using the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) method and the patient material was subjected to Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Functional screening identified 25 miRNAs increasing and 48 miRNAs decreasing cell viability. Data integration resulted in 14 miRNAs, with aberrant expression and effect on proliferation. These miRNAs are predicted to regulate >3700 genes, of which 28 were found up-regulated and 127 down-regulated in PCa compared with benign tissue. Seven genes, FLNC, MSRB3, PARVA, PCDH7, PRNP, RAB34, and SORBS1, showed an inverse association to their predicted miRNA, and were identified to significantly correlate with biochemical recurrence free survival in PCa patients. CONCLUSIONS A systematic in vitro screening approach combined with in vivo expression and gene set enrichment analysis provide unbiased means for revealing novel miRNA-target links, possibly driving the oncogenic processes in PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY This study identified novel regulatory molecules, which impact on PCa proliferation and are aberrantly expressed in clinical tumors. Thus, our study reveals regulatory nodes with potential for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aakula
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland(1).
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rami Mäkelä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Misvik Biology Corporation, Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Hintsanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John Patrick Mpindi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1)
| | | | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merja Perälä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1)
| | - Päivi Östling
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1)
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19
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Liao H, Xiao Y, Hu Y, Xiao Y, Yin Z, Liu L. microRNA-32 induces radioresistance by targeting DAB2IP and regulating autophagy in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2055-2062. [PMID: 26622795 PMCID: PMC4579868 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) has been found in numerous cancer types. miR-32 is an oncomiR in prostate cancer (PCa), however, the mechanisms by which miR-32 functions as a regulator of radiotherapy response and resistance in PCa are largely unknown. In the present study, it was found that DAB2 interacting protein (DAB2IP), the miR-32-dependent tumor-suppressor gene, was downregulated and induced autophagy and inhibited radiotherapy-induced apoptosis in PCa cells. miR-32 expression was upregulated or overexpressed in PCa, and miR-32 inhibited DAB2IP expression through a direct binding site within the DAB2IP 3′ untranslated region. miR-32 mimics enhanced tumor cell survival and decreased radiosensitivity in the PCa cells, which were reversed by miR-32 inhibitor. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that overexpressed miR-32, consistent with the DAB2IP-knockdown results, reduced ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cell apoptosis, which was restored by 4 nM brefeldin A treatment. More significantly, the overexpression of miR-32 and the knockdown of DAB2IP enhanced autophagy in the IR-treated PCa cells. miR-32 regulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins, such as DAB2IP, Beclin 1 and Light chain 3β I/II, as well as phosphorylation of S6 kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. In conclusion, these data provide novel insights into the mechanisms governing the regulation of DAB2IP expression by miR-32 and their possible contribution to autophagy and radioresistance in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Liao
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan, Loudi, Hunan 417000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan, Loudi, Hunan 417000, P.R. China
| | - Yingbin Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yangming Xiao
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan, Loudi, Hunan 417000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofa Yin
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan, Loudi, Hunan 417000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan, Loudi, Hunan 417000, P.R. China
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Couture F, Levesque C, Dumulon-Perreault V, Ait-Mohand S, D'Anjou F, Day R, Guérin B. PACE4-based molecular targeting of prostate cancer using an engineered ⁶⁴Cu-radiolabeled peptide inhibitor. Neoplasia 2015; 16:634-43. [PMID: 25220591 PMCID: PMC4235008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of PACE4 as a pharmacological target in prostate cancer has been demonstrated as this proprotein convertase is strongly overexpressed in human prostate cancer tissues and its inhibition, using molecular or pharmacological approaches, results in reduced cell proliferation and tumor progression in mouse tumor xenograft models. We developed a PACE4 high-affinity peptide inhibitor, namely, the multi-leucine (ML), and sought to determine whether this peptide could be exploited for the targeting of prostate cancer for diagnostic or molecular imaging purposes. We conjugated a bifunctional chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7- triacetic acid (NOTA) to the ML peptide for copper-64 ((64)Cu) labeling and positron emission tomography (PET)- based prostate cancer detection. Enzyme kinetic assays against recombinant PACE4 showed that the NOTA-modified ML peptide displays identical inhibitory properties compared to the unmodified peptide. In vivo biodistribution of the (64)Cu/NOTA-ML peptide evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing xenografts of two human prostate carcinoma cell lines showed a rapid and high uptake in PACE4-expressing LNCaP tumor at an early time point and in PACE4-rich organs. Co-injection of unlabeled peptide confirmed that tumor uptake was target-specific. PACE4-negative tumors displayed no tracer uptake 15 minutes after injection, while the kidneys, demonstrated high uptake due to rapid renal clearance of the peptide. The present study supports the feasibility of using a (64)Cu/NOTA-ML peptide for PACE4-targeted prostate cancer detection and PACE4 status determination by PET imaging but also provides evidence that ML inhibitor-based drugs would readily reach tumor sites under in vivo conditions for pharmacological intervention or targeted radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Couture
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Surgery/Urology Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Levesque
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Surgery/Urology Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Dumulon-Perreault
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - François D'Anjou
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Surgery/Urology Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Day
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Surgery/Urology Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Lin YE, Wu QN, Lin XD, Li GQ, Zhang YJ. Expression of paired basic amino acid-cleaving enzyme 4 (PACE4) correlated with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:850-60. [PMID: 26101640 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired basic amino acid-cleaving enzyme 4 (PACE4) was shown to enhance tumor cells proliferation and invasive. This study provides the first investigation of PACE4 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the correlation with clinicopathologic features, prognostic indicators of 172 cases. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF) were applied to detect PACE4 expression in NSCLC and 16HBE cell lines, then 172 consecutive NSCLC and 15 normal lung tissues were studied through immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between PACE4 expression and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of PACE4 expression on survival. RESULTS PACE4 expression in NSCLC were significantly higher than normal lung cell and tissues (P<0.05). PACE4 had cytoplasmic expression and was observed in 111 of the 172 (64.5%) NSCLC patients. Clinicopathologically, PACE4 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (N stage) (P=0.007), and clinical stage (P=0.024). Multivariable analysis confirmed that PACE4 expression increased the hazard of death after adjusting for other clinicopathological factors [hazards ratio (HR): 1.584; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.167-2.151; P<0.001]. Overall survival (OS) was significantly prolonged in PACE4 negative group when compared with PACE4 positive group (5-year survival rates, 23.1% vs. 54.5%, log-rank test, χ(2)=17.717, P<0.001), as was disease-free survival (DFS) (5-year survival rates, 23.4% vs. 55.4%, log-rank test, χ(2)=20.486, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that positive expression of PACE4 is an independent factor for NSCLC patients and it might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-En Lin
- 1 Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qi-Nian Wu
- 1 Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Lin
- 1 Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Guang-Qiu Li
- 1 Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ya-Jie Zhang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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22
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Multi-Leu PACE4 Inhibitor Retention within Cells Is PACE4 Dependent and a Prerequisite for Antiproliferative Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:824014. [PMID: 26114115 PMCID: PMC4465654 DOI: 10.1155/2015/824014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression as well as the critical implication of the proprotein convertase PACE4 in prostate cancer progression has been previously reported and supported the development of peptide inhibitors. The multi-Leu peptide, a PACE4-specific inhibitor, was further generated and its capability to be uptaken by tumor xenograft was demonstrated with regard to its PACE4 expression status. To investigate whether the uptake of this inhibitor was directly dependent of PACE4 levels, uptake and efflux from cancer cells were evaluated and correlations were established with PACE4 contents on both wild type and PACE4-knockdown cell lines. PACE4-knockdown associated growth deficiencies were established on the knockdown HepG2, Huh7, and HT1080 cells as well as the antiproliferative effects of the multi-Leu peptide supporting the growth capabilities of PACE4 in cancer cells.
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23
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Zhang W, Mao YQ, Wang H, Yin WJ, Zhu SX, Wang WC. MiR-124 suppresses cell motility and adhesion by targeting talin 1 in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:49. [PMID: 25969668 PMCID: PMC4427999 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA is a type of endogenous non-coding RNA implicated in various cellular processes, and has been intensely investigated in the field of cancer research for many years. Here, we investigated the functions and mechanisms of miR-124 in prostate cancer, which is a putative tumor suppressor reported in many carcinomas. Methods Using bioinformatics, talin 1 was indicated as a potential target of miR-124. We examined the expression levels of miR-124 and talin 1 in tissue specimens and cell lines. To explore the relationship between miR-124 and talin 1, miR-124 mimics, miR-124 inhibitors, and talin 1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were transiently transfected into cancer cell lines, followed by analysis using luciferase reporter assays. Next, to investigate the functions of miR-124 in prostate cancer, we performed cell attachment, migration, and invasion assays. A rescue experiment was also conducted to demonstrate whether miR-124 suppressed cell adhesion and motility by targeting talin 1. Finally, we examined the related signaling pathways of miR-124 and talin 1. Results MiR-124 was down-regulated in prostate cancer specimens and cell lines, while talin 1 was over-expressed in prostate cancer specimens and cell lines. These results showed an inverse correlation of miR-124 and talin 1 expression. Similar to talin 1 siRNA, overexpression of miR-124 by transient transfection of mimics led to a significant decrease in talin 1 levels. Luciferase report assays showed that the seed sequence of the talin 1 3’-untranslated region was a target of miR-124. Functional investigations revealed anti-attachment, anti-migration, and invasion-promoting effects of miR-124 in prostate cancer cells. The rescue experiment confirmed that miR-124 exerted its biological functions by targeting talin 1. Finally, we found that miR-124 and talin 1 impaired cellular adhesion and motility through integrins and the focal adhesion kinase/Akt pathway. Conclusions Our study demonstrated biological roles and the related mechanism of miR-124 in prostate cancer. The results indicate that talin 1 is very likely a novel player in the anti-metastatic signaling network of miR-124. By down-regulation of talin 1, miR-124 impairs the adhesion, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Ye-Qing Mao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003 China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Wen-Juan Yin
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Shao-Xing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Wei-Cheng Wang
- Medical equipment research institute of Zhejiang, 23 Huacheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000 China
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Epithelial Plasticity in Cancer: Unmasking a MicroRNA Network for TGF-β-, Notch-, and Wnt-Mediated EMT. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:198967. [PMID: 25883651 PMCID: PMC4390187 DOI: 10.1155/2015/198967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process by which cancer cells can switch from a sessile epithelial phenotype to an invasive mesenchymal state. EMT enables tumor cells to become invasive, intravasate, survive in the circulation, extravasate, and colonize distant sites. Paracrine heterotypic stroma-derived signals as well as paracrine homotypic or autocrine signals can mediate oncogenic EMT and contribute to the acquisition of stem/progenitor cell properties, expansion of cancer stem cells, development of therapy resistance, and often lethal metastatic disease. EMT is regulated by a variety of stimuli that trigger specific intracellular signalling pathways. Altered microRNA (miR) expression and perturbed signalling pathways have been associated with epithelial plasticity, including oncogenic EMT. In this review we analyse and describe the interaction between experimentally validated miRs and their target genes in TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signalling pathways. Interestingly, in this process, we identified a “signature” of 30 experimentally validated miRs and a cluster of validated target genes that seem to mediate the cross talk between TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signalling networks during EMT and reinforce their connection to the regulation of epithelial plasticity in health and disease.
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Sun X, Li Y, Yu J, Pei H, Luo P, Zhang J. miR-128 modulates chemosensitivity and invasion of prostate cancer cells through targeting ZEB1. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:474-82. [PMID: 25921099 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent reports strongly suggest the profound role of miRNAs in cancer therapeutic response and progression, including invasion and metastasis. The sensitivity to therapy and invasion is the major obstacle for successful treatment in prostate cancer. We aimed to investigate the regulative effect of miR-128/zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 axis on prostate cancer cell chemosensitivity and invasion. METHODS The miR-128 expression pattern of prostate cancer cell lines and tissues was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to find the direct target of miR-128. Furthermore, prostate cancer cells were treated with miR-128 mimic or zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-siRNA, and then the cells' chemosensitivity and invasion were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and transwell assay, respectively. RESULTS We found miR-128 expression obviously decreased in prostate cancer tissues compared with paired normal tissues. Restored miR-128 expression sensitized prostate cancer cells to cisplatin and inhibited the invasion. Furthermore, there was an inverse expression pattern between miR-128 and zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 in prostate cancer cells and tissues, and zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 was identified as a direct target of miR-128 in prostate cancer. Knockdown of zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 expression efficiently sensitized prostate cancer cells to cisplatin and inhibited the invasion. However, ectopic zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 expression impaired the effects of miR-128 on chemosensitivity and invasion in prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-128 functions as a potential cancer suppressor in prostate cancer progression and rational therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer would be developed based on miR-128/zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglun Sun
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Youkong Li
- Jingzhou Central Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei
| | - Jie Yu
- Jingzhou Central Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei
| | - Hong Pei
- Jingzhou Central Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, PR China
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Functional proteomics identifies miRNAs to target a p27/Myc/phospho-Rb signature in breast and ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:691-701. [PMID: 25639871 PMCID: PMC4522411 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The myc oncogene is overexpressed in almost half of all breast and ovarian cancers, but attempts at therapeutic interventions against myc have proven to be challenging. Myc regulates multiple biological processes, including the cell cycle, and as such is associated with cell proliferation and tumor progression. We identified a protein signature of high myc, low p27 and high phospho-Rb significantly correlated with poor patient survival in breast and ovarian cancers. Screening of a miRNA library by functional proteomics in multiple cell lines and integration of data from patient tumors revealed a panel of five microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-124, miR-365, miR-34b*, miR-18a and miR-506) as potential tumor suppressors capable of reversing the p27/myc/phospho-Rb protein signature. Mechanistic studies revealed an RNA-activation function of miR-124 resulting in direct induction of p27 protein levels by binding to and inducing transcription on the p27 promoter region leading to a subsequent G1 arrest. Additionally, in vivo studies utilizing a xenograft model demonstrated that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of miR-124 could reduce tumor growth and sensitize cells to etoposide, suggesting a clinical application of miRNAs as therapeutics to target the functional effect of myc on tumor growth.
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