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Boshoff A. Chaperonin: Co-chaperonin Interactions. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:213-246. [PMID: 36520309 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Co-chaperonins function together with chaperonins to mediate ATP-dependent protein folding in a variety of cellular compartments. Chaperonins are evolutionarily conserved and form two distinct classes, namely, group I and group II chaperonins. GroEL and its co-chaperonin GroES form part of group I and are the archetypal members of this family of protein folding machines. The unique mechanism used by GroEL and GroES to drive protein folding is embedded in the complex architecture of double-ringed complexes, forming two central chambers that undergo conformational rearrangements that enable protein folding to occur. GroES forms a lid over the chamber and in doing so dislodges bound substrate into the chamber, thereby allowing non-native proteins to fold in isolation. GroES also modulates allosteric transitions of GroEL. Group II chaperonins are functionally similar to group I chaperonins but differ in structure and do not require a co-chaperonin. A significant number of bacteria and eukaryotes house multiple chaperonin and co-chaperonin proteins, many of which have acquired additional intracellular and extracellular biological functions. In some instances, co-chaperonins display contrasting functions to those of chaperonins. Human HSP60 (HSPD) continues to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, in particular autoimmune diseases and cancer. A greater understanding of the fascinating roles of both intracellular and extracellular Hsp10 on cellular processes will accelerate the development of techniques to treat diseases associated with the chaperonin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Boshoff
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
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2
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Lee H, Su YL, Huang BS, Hsieh FT, Chang YH, Tzeng SR, Hsu CH, Huang PT, Lou KL, Wang YT, Chow LP. Importance of the C-terminal histidine residues of Helicobacter pylori GroES for Toll-like receptor 4 binding and interleukin-8 cytokine production. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37367. [PMID: 27869178 PMCID: PMC5116745 DOI: 10.1038/srep37367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer. GroES of H. pylori (HpGroES) was previously identified as a gastric cancer-associated virulence factor. Our group showed that HpGroES induces interleukin-8 (IL-8) cytokine release via a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent mechanism and domain B of the protein is crucial for interactions with TLR4. In the present study, we investigated the importance of the histidine residues in domain B. To this end, a series of point mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the corresponding proteins purified. Interestingly, H96, H104 and H115 were not essential, whereas H100, H102, H108, H113 and H118 were crucial for IL-8 production and TLR4 interactions in KATO-III cells. These residues were involved in nickel binding. Four of five residues, H102, H108, H113 and H118 induced certain conformation changes in extended domain B structure, which is essential for interactions with TLR4 and consequent IL-8 production. We conclude that interactions of nickel ions with histidine residues in domain B help to maintain the conformation of the C-terminal region to conserve the integrity of the HpGroES structure and modulate IL-8 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Su
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Tse Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Ru Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Long Lou
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ping Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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3
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Abstract
Co-chaperonins function together with chaperonins to mediate ATP-dependant protein folding in a variety of cellular compartments. GroEL and its co-chaperonin GroES are the only essential chaperones in Escherichia coli and are the archetypal members of this family of protein folding machines. The unique mechanism used by GroEL and GroES to drive protein folding is embedded in the complex architecture of double-ringed complexes, forming two central chambers that undergo structural rearrangements as part of the folding mechanism. GroES forms a lid over the chamber, and in doing so dislodges bound substrate into the chamber, thereby allowing non-native proteins to fold in isolation. GroES also modulates allosteric transitions of GroEL. A significant number of bacteria and eukaryotes house multiple chaperonin and co-chaperonin proteins, many of which have acquired additional intracellular and extracellular biological functions. In some instances co-chaperonins display contrasting functions to those of chaperonins. Human Hsp60 continues to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, in particular autoimmune diseases and cancer. A greater understanding of the fascinating roles of both intracellular and extracellular Hsp10, in addition to its role as a co-chaperonin, on cellular processes will accelerate the development of techniques to treat diseases associated with the chaperonin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Boshoff
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa,
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Aguilar X, F. Weise C, Sparrman T, Wolf-Watz M, Wittung-Stafshede P. Macromolecular Crowding Extended to a Heptameric System: The Co-chaperonin Protein 10. Biochemistry 2011; 50:3034-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bi2002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christoph F. Weise
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tobias Sparrman
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wolf-Watz
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Doan TTN, Natarajan S, Song NH, Kim J, Kim JK, Kim SH, Viet PT, Kim JG, Lee BM, Ahn YJ, Kang LW. Cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the co-chaperonin XoGroES from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:44-7. [PMID: 21206021 PMCID: PMC3079969 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110038820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB), a devastating disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), causes serious production losses of rice in Asian countries. Protein misfolding may interfere with the function of proteins in all living cells and must be prevented to avoid cellular disaster. All cells naturally contain molecular chaperones that assist the unfolded proteins in folding into the native structure. One of the well characterized chaperone complexes is GroEL-GroES. GroEL, which consists of two chambers, captures misfolded proteins and refolds them. GroES is a co-chaperonin protein that assists the GroEL protein as a lid that temporarily closes the chamber during the folding process. Xoo4289, the GroES gene from Xoo, was cloned and expressed for X-ray crystallographic study. The purified protein (XoGroES) was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method and a crystal diffracted to 2.0 Å resolution. The crystal belonged to the hexagonal space group P6(1), with unit-cell parameters a=64.4, c=36.5 Å. The crystal contains a single molecule in the asymmetric unit, with a corresponding VM of 2.05 Å3 Da(-1) and a solvent content of 39.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thi Ngoc Doan
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sampath Natarajan
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Song
- Department of Green Life Science, College of Convergence, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Green Life Science, College of Convergence, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwang Kim
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-hwan Kim
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Tan Viet
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Gu Kim
- Microbial Genetics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (NIAB), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Moo Lee
- Microbial Genetics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (NIAB), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeh-Jin Ahn
- Department of Green Life Science, College of Convergence, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin-Woo Kang
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The assembly of subunits in protein oligomers is an important topic to study as a vast number of proteins exists as stable or transient oligomer and because it is a mechanism used by some protein oligomers for killing cells (e.g., perforin from the human immune system, pore-forming toxins from bacteria, phage, amoeba, protein misfolding diseases, etc.). Only a few of the amino acids that constitute a protein oligomer seem to regulate the capacity of the protein to assemble (to form interfaces), and some of these amino acids are localized at the interfaces that link the different chains. The identification of the residues of these interfaces is rather difficult. We have developed a series of programs, under the common name of Gemini, that can select the subset of the residues that is involved in the interfaces of a protein oligomer of known atomic structure, and generate a 2D interaction network (or graph) of the subset. The graphs generated for several oligomers demonstrate the accuracy of the selection of subsets that are involved in the geometrical and the chemical properties of interfaces. The results of the Gemini programs are in good agreement with those of similar programs with an advantage that Gemini programs can perform the residue selection much more rapidly. Moreover, Gemini programs can also perform on a single protein oligomer without the need of comparison partners. The graphs are extremely useful for comparative studies that would help in addressing questions not only on the sequence specificity of protein interfaces but also on the mechanism of the assembly of unrelated protein oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Feverati
- Laboratoire de physique théorique LAPTH, CNRS, UMR 5108 associé à l'Université de Savoie, BP 110, Annecy le Vieux, France
| | - Claire Lesieur
- Laboratoire de physique théorique LAPTH, CNRS, UMR 5108 associé à l'Université de Savoie, BP 110, Annecy le Vieux, France
- * E-mail:
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Weiss C, Bonshtien A, Farchi-Pisanty O, Vitlin A, Azem A. Cpn20: siamese twins of the chaperonin world. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 69:227-38. [PMID: 19031045 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast cpn20 protein is a functional homolog of the cpn10 co-chaperonin, but its gene consists of two cpn10-like units joined head-to-tail by a short chain of amino acids. This double protein is unique to plastids and was shown to exist in plants as well plastid-containing parasites. In vitro assays showed that this cpn20 co-chaperonin is a functional homolog of cpn10. In terms of structure, existing data indicate that the oligomer is tetrameric, yet it interacts with a heptameric cpn60 partner. Thus, the functional oligomeric structure remains a mystery. In this review, we summarize what is known about this distinctive chaperonin and use a bioinformatics approach to examine the expression of cpn20 in Arabidopsis thaliana relative to other chaperonin genes in this species. In addition, we examine the primary structure of the two homologous domains for similarities and differences, in comparison with cpn10 from other species. Lastly, we hypothesize as to the oligomeric structure and raison d'être of this unusual co-chaperonin homolog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Luke K, Perham M, Wittung-Stafshede P. Kinetic Folding and Assembly Mechanisms Differ for Two Homologous Heptamers. J Mol Biol 2006; 363:729-42. [PMID: 16979655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigate the time-resolved folding and assembly mechanism of the heptameric co-chaperonin protein 10 (cpn10) in vitro. The structure of cpn10 is conserved throughout nature: seven beta-barrel subunits are non-covalently assembled through beta-strand pairings in an overall doughnut-like shape. Kinetic folding/assembly experiments of chemically denatured cpn10 from Homo sapiens (hmcpn10) and Aquifex aeolicus (Aacpn10) were monitored by far-UV circular dichroism and fluorescence. We find the processes to be complex, involving several kinetic steps, and to differ between the mesophilic and hyper-thermophilic proteins. The hmcpn10 molecules partition into two parallel pathways, one involving polypeptide folding before protein-protein assembly and another in which inter-protein interactions take place prior to folding. In contrast, the Aacpn10 molecules follow a single sequential path that includes initial monomer misfolding, relaxation to productive intermediates and, subsequently, final folding and heptamer assembly. An A. aeolicus variant lacking the unique C-terminal extension of Aacpn10 displays the same kinetic mechanism as Aacpn10, signifying that the tail is not responsible for the rapid misfolding step. This study demonstrates that molecular details can overrule similarity of native-state topology in defining apparent protein-biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Luke
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77251, USA
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9
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Vijayakrishnan S, Qamra R, Verma CS, Sen R, Mande SC. Cation-mediated interplay of loops in chaperonin-10. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2005; 23:365-76. [PMID: 16363873 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2006.10531232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitously occurring chaperonins consist of a large tetradecameric Chaperonin-60, forming a cylindrical assembly, and a smaller heptameric Chaperonin-10. For a functional protein folding cycle, Chaperonin-10 caps the cylindrical Chaperonin-60 from one end forming an asymmetric complex. The oligomeric assembly of Chaperonin-10 is known to be highly plastic in nature. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the plasticity has been shown to be modulated by reversible binding of divalent cations. Binding of cations confers rigidity to the metal binding loop, and also promotes stability of the oligomeric structure. We have probed the conformational effects of cation binding on the Chaperonin-10 structure through fluorescence studies and molecular dynamics simulations. Fluorescence studies show that cation binding induces reduced exposure and flexibility of the dome loop. The simulations corroborate these results and further indicate a complex landscape of correlated motions between different parts of the molecule. They also show a fascinating interplay between two distantly spaced loops, the metal binding "dome loop" and the GroEL-binding "mobile loop", suggesting an important cation-mediated role in the recognition of Chaperonin-60. In the presence of cations the mobile loop appears poised to dock onto the Chaperonin-60 structure. The divalent metal ions may thus act as key elements in the protein folding cycle, and trigger a conformational switch for molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Vijayakrishnan
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, ECIL Road, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500 076 India.
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10
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Luke K, Apiyo D, Wittung-Stafshede P. Dissecting homo-heptamer thermodynamics by isothermal titration calorimetry: entropy-driven assembly of co-chaperonin protein 10. Biophys J 2005; 89:3332-6. [PMID: 16100270 PMCID: PMC1366829 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.067223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normally, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is used to study binding reactions between two different biomolecules. Self-association processes leading to homo-oligomeric complexes have usually not been studied by ITC; instead, methods such as spectroscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation, which only provide affinity and Gibbs-free energy (i.e., K(D) and DeltaG), are employed. We here demonstrate that complete thermodynamic descriptions (i.e., K(D), DeltaG, DeltaH, and DeltaS) for self-associating systems can be obtained by ITC-dilution experiments upon proper analysis. We use this approach to probe the dissociation (and thus association) equilibrium for the heptameric co-chaperonin proteins 10 (cpn10) from Aquifex aeolicus (Aacpn10-del25) and human mitochondria (hmcpn10). We find that the midpoints for the heptamer-monomer equilibrium occur at 0.51 +/- 0.03 microM and 3.5 +/- 0.1 microM total monomer concentration (25 degrees C), for Aacpn10-del25 and hmcpn10, respectively. For both proteins, association involves endothermic enthalpy and positive entropy changes; thus, the reactions are driven by the entropy increase. This is in accord with the release of ordered water molecules and, for the thermophilic variant, a relaxation of monomer-tertiary structure when the heptamers form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Luke
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Keck Center for Structural Computational Biology, and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77251, USA
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