1
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Al-Shabib NA, Khan JM, Malik A, AlAmri A, Rehman MT, AlAjmi MF, Husain FM. Integrated spectroscopic and computational analyses unravel the molecular interaction of pesticide azinphos-methyl with bovine beta-lactoglobulin. J Mol Recognit 2024; 37:e3086. [PMID: 38686702 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus are typically hazardous chemicals used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and other industries. They pose a serious risk to human life and can be fatal upon direct exposure. Hence, studying the interaction between such compounds with proteins is crucial for environmental, health, and food safety. In this study, we investigated the interaction mechanism between azinphos-methyl (AZM) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) at pH 7.4 using a combination of biophysical techniques. Intrinsic fluorescence investigations revealed that BLG fluorescence was quenched in the presence of increasing AZM concentrations. The quenching mechanism was identified as static, as evidenced by a decrease in the fluorescence quenching constant (1.25 × 104, 1.18 × 104, and 0.86 × 104 M-1) with an increase in temperatures. Thermodynamic calculations (ΔH > 0; ΔS > 0) affirmed the formation of a complex between AZM and BLG through hydrophobic interactions. The BLG's secondary structure was found to be increased due to AZM interaction. Ultraviolet -visible spectroscopy data showed alterations in BLG conformation in the presence of AZM. Molecular docking highlighted the significant role of hydrophobic interactions involving residues such as Val43, Ile56, Ile71, Val92, Phe105, and Met107 in the binding between BLG and AZM. A docking energy of -6.9 kcal mol-1, and binding affinity of 1.15 × 105 M-1 suggest spontaneous interaction between AZM and BLG with moderate to high affinity. These findings underscore the potential health risks associated with the entry of AZM into the food chain, emphasizing the need for further consideration of its impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Abdulatif Al-Shabib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlAmri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Ghorbani F, Kim M, Ghalandari B, Zhang M, Varma SN, Schöbel L, Liu C, Boccaccini AR. Architecture of β-lactoglobulin coating modulates bioinspired alginate dialdehyde-gelatine/polydopamine scaffolds for subchondral bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2024; 181:188-201. [PMID: 38642788 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed polydopamine (PDA)-functionalized alginate dialdehyde-gelatine (ADA-GEL) scaffolds for subchondral bone regeneration. These polymeric scaffolds were then coated with β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml. Morphological analysis indicated a homogeneous coating of the β-LG layer on the surface of network-like scaffolds. The β-LG-coated scaffolds exhibited improved swelling capacity as a function of the β-LG concentration. Compared to ADA-GEL/PDA scaffolds, the β-LG-coated scaffolds demonstrated delayed degradation and enhanced biomineralization. Here, a lower concentration of β-LG showed long-lasting stability and superior biomimetic hydroxyapatite mineralization. According to the theoretical findings, the single-state, representing the low concentration of β-LG, exhibited a homogeneous distribution on the surface of the PDA, while the dimer-state (high concentration) displayed a high likelihood of uncontrolled interactions. β-LG-coated ADA-GEL/PDA scaffolds with a lower concentration of β-LG provided a biocompatible substrate that supported adhesion, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) secretion of sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, as well as increased expression of osteopontin (SPP1) and collagen type 1 (COL1A1) in human osteoblasts. These findings indicate the potential of protein-coated scaffolds for subchondral bone tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study addresses a crucial aspect of osteochondral defect repair, emphasizing the pivotal role of subchondral bone regeneration. The development of polydopamine-functionalized alginate dialdehyde-gelatine (ADA-GEL) scaffolds, coated with β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG), represents a novel approach to potentially enhance subchondral bone repair. β-LG, a milk protein rich in essential amino acids and bioactive peptides, is investigated for its potential to promote subchondral bone regeneration. This research explores computationally and experimentally the influence of protein concentration on the ordered or irregular deposition, unravelling the interplay between coating structure, scaffold properties, and in-vitro performance. This work contributes to advancing ordered protein coating strategies for subchondral bone regeneration, providing a biocompatible solution with potential implications for supporting subsequent cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, United Kingdom; Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Swastina Nath Varma
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Li R, Kirkensgaard JJK, Corredig M. Structural evolution of pea-derived albumins during pH and heat treatment studied with light and X-ray scattering. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114380. [PMID: 38729734 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Pea albumins are found in the side stream during the isolation of pea proteins. They are soluble at acidic pH and have functional properties which differ from their globulin counterparts. In this study, we have investigated the aggregation and structural changes occurring to pea albumins under different environmental conditions, using a combination of size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Albumins were extracted from a dry fractionated pea protein concentrate by precipitating the globulin fraction at acidic pH. The albumins were then studied at different pH (3, 4, 4.5, 7, 7.5, and 8) values. The effect of heating at 90 °C for 1, 3, and 5 min on their structural changes was investigated using SAXS. In addition, size exclusion of the albumins showed 4 distinct populations, depending on pH and heating conditions, with two large aggregates peaks (∼250 kDa): a dimer peak (∼24 kDa) containing predominantly pea albumin 2 (PA2), and a monomer peak of a molar mass of about 12 kDa (PA1). X-ray scattering intensities as a function of q were modeled as polydisperse spheres, and their aggregation was followed as a function of heating time. Albumins was most stable at pH 3, showing no aggregation during heat treatment. While albumins at pH 7.5 and 8 showed aggregation after heating, solutions at pH 4, 4.5, and 7 already contained aggregates even before heating. This work provides new knowledge on the overall structural development of albumins under different environmental conditions, improving our ability to employ these as future ingredients in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Li
- Department of Food Science & CiFood Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Milena Corredig
- Department of Food Science & CiFood Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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4
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Yang Y, He X, Li F, He S, Liu M, Li M, Xia F, Su W, Liu G. Animal-derived food allergen: A review on the available crystal structure and new insights into structural epitope. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13340. [PMID: 38778570 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy is a rapidly growing public health problem. The interaction between allergens and IgE is at the core of the allergic response. One of the best ways to understand this interaction is through structural characterization. This review focuses on animal-derived food allergens, overviews allergen structures determined by X-ray crystallography, presents an update on IgE conformational epitopes, and explores the structural features of these epitopes. The structural determinants of allergenicity and cross-reactivity are also discussed. Animal-derived food allergens are classified into limited protein families according to structural features, with the calcium-binding protein and actin-binding protein families dominating. Progress in epitope characterization has provided useful information on the structural properties of the IgE recognition region. The data reveals that epitopes are located in relatively protruding areas with negative surface electrostatic potential. Ligand binding and disulfide bonds are two intrinsic characteristics that influence protein structure and impact allergenicity. Shared structures, local motifs, and shared epitopes are factors that lead to cross-reactivity. The structural properties of epitope regions and structural determinants of allergenicity and cross-reactivity may provide directions for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of food allergies. Experimentally determined structure, especially that of antigen-antibody complexes, remains limited, and the identification of epitopes continues to be a bottleneck in the study of animal-derived food allergens. A combination of traditional immunological techniques and emerging bioinformatics technology will revolutionize how protein interactions are characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xinrong He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fajie Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shaogui He
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- College of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Food Engineering, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Xia
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjin Su
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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5
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Abdollahi K, Condict L, Hung A, Kasapis S. Examination of β-lactoglobulin-ferulic acid complexation at elevated temperature using biochemical spectroscopy, proteomics and molecular dynamics. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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6
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A Combined Spectroscopy and Computational Molecular Docking Investigation on the Coupling Between β-lactoglobulin Dimers and Vanillin. FOOD BIOPHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-022-09772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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β-lactoglobulin and resveratrol nanocomplex formation is driven by solvation water release. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Chen D, Kuzmenko I, Ilavsky J, Pinho L, Campanella O. Structural evolution during gelation of pea and whey proteins envisaged by time-resolved ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS). Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Darmawan KK, Karagiannis TC, Hughes JG, Small DM, Hung A. In silico modelling of apo-lactoferrin under simulated gastric conditions: Structural dynamics, binding with β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin, and functional implications. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Bosman GP, Oliveira S, Simons PJ, Sastre Torano J, Somsen GW, Knippels LMJ, Haselberg R, Pieters RJ, Garssen J, Knipping K. Limited Lactosylation of Beta-Lactoglobulin from Cow's Milk Exerts Strong Influence on Antigenicity and Degranulation of Mast Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062041. [PMID: 34203636 PMCID: PMC8232271 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is one of the major cow’s milk proteins and the most abundant allergen in whey. Heating is a common technologic treatment applied during milk transformational processes. Maillardation of BLG in the presence of reducing sugars and elevated temperatures may influence its antigenicity and allergenicity. Primary objective: to analyze and identify lactosylation sites by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Secondary objective: to assess the effect of lactosylated BLG on antigenicity and degranulation of mast cells. Methods: BLG was lactosylated at pH 7, a water activity (aw) of 0.43, and a temperature of 65 °C using a molar ratio BLG:lactose of 1:1 by incubating for 0, 3, 8, 16 or 24 h. For the determination of the effect on antibody-binding capacity of lactosylated BLG, an ELISA was performed. For the assessment of degranulation of the cell-line RBL-hεIa-2B12 transfected with the human α-chain, Fcε receptor type 1 (FcεRI) was used. Results: BLG showed saturated lactosylation between 8 and 16 incubation hours in our experimental setup. Initial stage lactosylation sites L1 (N-terminus)—K47, K60, K75, K77, K91, K138 and K141—have been identified using CE-MS. Lactosylated BLG showed a significant reduction of both the IgG binding (p = 0.0001) as well as degranulation of anti-BLG IgE-sensitized RBL-hεIa-2B12 cells (p < 0.0001). Conclusions and clinical relevance: this study shows that lactosylation of BLG decreases both the antigenicity and degranulation of mast cells and can therefore be a promising approach for reducing allergenicity of cow’s milk allergens provided that the process is well-controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlof P. Bosman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (G.P.B.); (J.S.T.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Sergio Oliveira
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.O.); (L.M.J.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Peter J. Simons
- Polpharma Biologics BV, Yalelaan 46, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Javier Sastre Torano
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (G.P.B.); (J.S.T.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.W.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Leon M. J. Knippels
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.O.); (L.M.J.K.); (J.G.)
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.W.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (G.P.B.); (J.S.T.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.O.); (L.M.J.K.); (J.G.)
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Knipping
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.O.); (L.M.J.K.); (J.G.)
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel: +31-6-46849712
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Sawyer L. β-Lactoglobulin and Glycodelin: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Physiol 2021; 12:678080. [PMID: 34093238 PMCID: PMC8173191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The two lipocalins, β-lactoglobulin (βLg) and glycodelin (Gd), are possibly the most closely related members of the large and widely distributed lipocalin family, yet their functions appear to be substantially different. Indeed, the function of β-lactoglobulin, a major component of ruminant milk, is still unclear although neonatal nutrition is clearly important. On the other hand, glycodelin has several specific functions in reproduction conferred through distinct, tissue specific glycosylation of the polypeptide backbone. It is also associated with some cancer outcomes. The glycodelin gene, PAEP, reflecting one of its names, progestagen-associated endometrial protein, is expressed in many though not all primates, but the name has now also been adopted for the β-lactoglobulin gene (HGNC, www.genenames.org). After a general overview of the two proteins in the context of the lipocalin family, this review considers the properties of each in the light of their physiological functional significance, supplementing earlier reviews to include studies from the past decade. While the biological function of glycodelin is reasonably well defined, that of β-lactoglobulin remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sawyer
- School of Biological Sciences, IQB3, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Abdollahi K, Condict L, Hung A, Kasapis S. Binding parameters and molecular dynamics of β-lactoglobulin-vanillic acid complexation as a function of pH - Part A: Acidic pH. Food Chem 2021; 360:130059. [PMID: 34029923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein-phenolic compound interactions are commonly investigated with inappropriate linear equations for the analysis of binding strength and stoichiometry. This work utilises more appropriate protocols for the investigation of molecular interactions between vanillic acid and β-lactoglobulin at pH 2.4, where the protein predominately exists as a monomer. Non-linear binding and Job plot analysis were conducted on fluorescence data to effectively determine the interaction's dissociation constant (KD, 2.93 × 10-5 M) and stoichiometry (1:1). Furthermore, spectroscopic techniques revealed statistically significant alterations to the conformational characteristics of β-lactoglobulin upon complexation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations support a 1:1 interaction stoichiometry and reveal that the stabilisation of vanillic acid was dynamic in nature but mainly supported by four π-alkyl interactions and one hydrogen bond, located within the β-barrel of the monomer. Water molecules, which are generally not accounted for in MD simulation analysis, were shown to be an important factor in the ligand stabilization via bridging interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Abdollahi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Lloyd Condict
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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13
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Ramakrishnan S, Stagno JR, Conrad CE, Ding J, Yu P, Bhandari YR, Lee YT, Pauly G, Yefanov O, Wiedorn MO, Knoska J, Oberthür D, White TA, Barty A, Mariani V, Li C, Brehm W, Heinz WF, Magidson V, Lockett S, Hunter MS, Boutet S, Zatsepin NA, Zuo X, Grant TD, Pandey S, Schmidt M, Spence JCH, Chapman HN, Wang YX. Synchronous RNA conformational changes trigger ordered phase transitions in crystals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1762. [PMID: 33741910 PMCID: PMC7979858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved studies of biomacromolecular crystals have been limited to systems involving only minute conformational changes within the same lattice. Ligand-induced changes greater than several angstroms, however, are likely to result in solid-solid phase transitions, which require a detailed understanding of the mechanistic interplay between conformational and lattice transitions. Here we report the synchronous behavior of the adenine riboswitch aptamer RNA in crystal during ligand-triggered isothermal phase transitions. Direct visualization using polarized video microscopy and atomic force microscopy shows that the RNA molecules undergo cooperative rearrangements that maintain lattice order, whose cell parameters change distinctly as a function of time. The bulk lattice order throughout the transition is further supported by time-resolved diffraction data from crystals using an X-ray free electron laser. The synchronous molecular rearrangements in crystal provide the physical basis for studying large conformational changes using time-resolved crystallography and micro/nanocrystals. Time-resolved crystallography (TRX) is used for monitoring only small conformational changes of biomacromolecules within the same lattice. Here, the authors report the interplay between synchronous molecular rearrangements and lattice phase transitions in RNA crystals, providing the basis for the investigation of large conformational changes using TRX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason R Stagno
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Chelsie E Conrad
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jienyu Ding
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yuba R Bhandari
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yun-Tzai Lee
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Gary Pauly
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Oleksandr Yefanov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Max O Wiedorn
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juraj Knoska
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Oberthür
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas A White
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valerio Mariani
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chufeng Li
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Wolfgang Brehm
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William F Heinz
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mark S Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Nadia A Zatsepin
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Thomas D Grant
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Suraj Pandey
- Kenwood Interdisciplinary Research Complex Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Kenwood Interdisciplinary Research Complex Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John C H Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Henry N Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yun-Xing Wang
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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14
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Waghmare MN, Qureshi TS, Krishna CM, Pansare K, Gadewal N, Hole A, Dongre PM. β-Lactoglobulin-gold nanoparticles interface and its interaction with some anticancer drugs - an approach for targeted drug delivery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6193-6210. [PMID: 33509048 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1879270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The protein-nanoparticle interface plays a crucial role in drug binding and stability, in turn enhancing efficacy in targeted drug delivery. In the present study, whey protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and its interaction with curcumin (CUR) and gemcitabine (GEM) has been explored. Further, AuNP-BLG conjugate interactions with anticancer drugs were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, UV-visible, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, circular dichroism along with molecular dynamics simulation. The cytotoxicity studies were performed using breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). ∼8 µM of BLG resides on AuNP (∼29 nm) surface revealed by DLS. Raman scattering of AuNP-BLG conjugate showed orientation of the central calyx of BLG towards solvent. BLG fluorescence confirmed the interaction between AuNP-BLG conjugate with drugs and indicated strong binding and affinity (for CUR KD = 3.71 x 108 M -1, n = 1.83, and for GEM KD = 3.78 x 103 M -1, n = 0.94), enhanced in the presence of AuNP. CD and Raman analysis exhibited selective hydrophilic and hydrophobic conformations induced by drug binding. Computational studies on BLG-drug complexes revealed that the residues Pro38, Leu39 and Met107 are largely associated with CUR binding, while GEM interaction is via hydrophilic contacts which significantly matches with spectroscopic investigation. IC50 values were calculated for all components of this loading system on MCF-7. The possible mechanisms of interaction between AuNP-BLG with anticancer drugs has been explored at the molecular level. We believe that these conjugates could be considered in the targeted drug delivery studies for cancer research.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik N Waghmare
- Department of Biophysics, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tazeen S Qureshi
- Department of Biophysics, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - C Murali Krishna
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kshama Pansare
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Gadewal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar M Dongre
- Department of Biophysics, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Darmawan KK, Karagiannis TC, Hughes JG, Small DM, Hung A. High temperature induced structural changes of apo-lactoferrin and interactions with β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin for potential encapsulation strategies. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Mitusińska K, Skalski T, Góra A. Simple Selection Procedure to Distinguish between Static and Flexible Loops. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072293. [PMID: 32225102 PMCID: PMC7177474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Loops are the most variable and unorganized elements of the secondary structure of proteins. Their ability to shift their shape can play a role in the binding of small ligands, enzymatic catalysis, or protein–protein interactions. Due to the loop flexibility, the positions of their residues in solved structures show the largest B-factors, or in a worst-case scenario can be unknown. Based on the loops’ movements’ timeline, they can be divided into slow (static) and fast (flexible). Although most of the loops that are missing in experimental structures belong to the flexible loops group, the computational tools for loop reconstruction use a set of static loop conformations to predict the missing part of the structure and evaluate the model. We believe that these two loop types can adopt different conformations and that using scoring functions appropriate for static loops is not sufficient for flexible loops. We showed that common model evaluation methods, are insufficient in the case of flexible solvent-exposed loops. Instead, we recommend using the potential energy to evaluate such loop models. We provide a novel model selection method based on a set of geometrical parameters to distinguish between flexible and static loops without the use of molecular dynamics simulations. We have also pointed out the importance of water network and interactions with the solvent for the flexible loop modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mitusińska
- Tunneling Group, Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Skalski
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Artur Góra
- Tunneling Group, Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-322371659
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17
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Cortes-Hernandez P, Vázquez Nuñez R, Domínguez-Ramírez L. Docking and Molecular Dynamics Predictions of Pesticide Binding to the Calyx of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061988. [PMID: 32183317 PMCID: PMC7139891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are used extensively in agriculture, and their residues in food must be monitored to prevent toxicity. The most abundant protein in cow’s milk, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), shows high affinity for diverse hydrophobic ligands in its central binding pocket, called the calyx. Several of the most frequently used pesticides are hydrophobic. To predict if BLG may be an unintended carrier for pesticides, we tested its ability to bind 555 pesticides and their isomers, for a total of 889 compounds, in a rigid docking screen. We focused on the analysis of 60 unique molecules belonging to the five pesticide classes defined by the World Health Organization, that docked into BLG’s calyx with ΔGs ranging from −8.2 to −12 kcal mol−1, chosen by statistical criteria. These “potential ligands” were further analyzed using molecular dynamic simulations, and the binding energies were explored with Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born/Surface Area (MMGBSA). Hydrophobic pyrethroid insecticides, like cypermethrin, were found to bind as deeply and tightly into the calyx as BLG’s natural ligand, palmitate; while polar compounds, like paraquat, were expelled. Our results suggest that BLG could be a carrier for pesticides, in particular for pyrethroid insecticides, allowing for their accumulation in cow’s milk beyond their solubility restrictions. This analysis opens possibilities for pesticide biosensor design based on BLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cortes-Hernandez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Cellular Biology Laboratory, 74360 Metepec, Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Vázquez Nuñez
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Lenin Domínguez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir Cholula, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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18
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Chen X, Zhang H, Hemar Y, Li N, Zhou P. Glycerol induced stability enhancement and conformational changes of β-lactoglobulin. Food Chem 2020; 308:125596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Vincenzi M, Mercurio FA, Leone M. About TFE: Old and New Findings. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:425-451. [PMID: 30767740 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190214152439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fluorinated alcohol 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) has been implemented for many decades now in conformational studies of proteins and peptides. In peptides, which are often disordered in aqueous solutions, TFE acts as secondary structure stabilizer and primarily induces an α -helical conformation. The exact mechanism through which TFE plays its stabilizing roles is still debated and direct and indirect routes, relying either on straight interaction between TFE and molecules or indirect pathways based on perturbation of solvation sphere, have been proposed. Another still unanswered question is the capacity of TFE to favor in peptides a bioactive or a native-like conformation rather than simply stimulate the raise of secondary structure elements that reflect only the inherent propensity of a specific amino-acid sequence. In protein studies, TFE destroys unique protein tertiary structure and often leads to the formation of non-native secondary structure elements, but, interestingly, gives some hints about early folding intermediates. In this review, we will summarize proposed mechanisms of TFE actions. We will also describe several examples, in which TFE has been successfully used to reveal structural properties of different molecular systems, including antimicrobial and aggregation-prone peptides, as well as globular folded and intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Vincenzi
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia A Mercurio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Cirpeb, InterUniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Cirpeb, InterUniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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20
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Depicting the Non-Covalent Interaction of Whey Proteins with Galangin or Genistein Using the Multi-Spectroscopic Techniques and Molecular Docking. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090360. [PMID: 31450792 PMCID: PMC6770871 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-covalent interactions between a commercial whey protein isolate (WPI) and two bioactive polyphenols galangin and genistein were studied at pH 6.8 via the multi-spectroscopic assays and molecular docking. When forming these WPI-polyphenol complexes, whey proteins had changed secondary structures while hydrophobic interaction was the major driving force. Detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate destroyed the hydrophobic interaction and thus decreased apparent binding constants of the WPI-polyphenol interactions. Urea led to hydrogen-bonds breakage and protein unfolding, and therefore increased apparent binding constants. Based on the measured apparent thermodynamic parameters like ΔH, ΔS, ΔG, and donor-acceptor distance, galangin with more planar stereochemical structure and random B-ring rotation showed higher affinity for WPI than genistein with location isomerism and twisted stereochemical structure. The molecular docking results disclosed that β-lactoglobulin of higher average hydrophobicity had better affinity for the two polyphenols than α-lactalbumin of lower average hydrophobicity while β-lactoglobulin possessed very similar binding sites to the two polyphenols. It is concluded that polyphenols might have different non-covalent interactions with food proteins, depending on the crucial polyphenol structures and protein hydrophobicity.
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21
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Saxena R, Vanga SK, Raghavan V. Effect of thermal and microwave processing on secondary structure of bovine β-lactoglobulin: A molecular modeling study. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12898. [PMID: 31353721 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Milk allergy is known to cause severe allergic reactions in hypersensitive patients, especially in infants and children. β-Lactoglobulin is one of the major allergens in bovine milk. The influence of thermal and microwave processing on the structural deviations of β-lactoglobulin protein have been studied using molecular modeling techniques. The structural deviations are studied using root mean square deviations, radius of gyration, dipole moment, and solvent accessible surface area. STRIDE analysis showed significant changes in the β-lactoglobulin, especially when oscillating electric fields were applied along with heat. Root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) has been assessed for known epitopes in the β-lactoglobulin molecule. This showed that when the protein is exposed to certain thermal stress, it compacts by burying hydrophobic residues in the core. However, few allergic epitope residues also exhibit increased RMSF leading to higher reactive sites on the surface of the protein molecule. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study showed that molecular modeling can be used to gain valuable insights regarding the structural changes during processing. In the future, with more computational capacity, it can be used to make comparison between results obtained from simulations and real-time experiments. The current techniques used in food industries such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction can analyze pre- and post-processing effects. Hence, it become necessary to understand the changes that takes place during the processing techniques. Molecular dynamic simulation could be a useful technique in analyzing the changes occurring during the processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Saxena
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Khan S, Ipsen R, Almdal K, Svensson B, Harris P. Revealing the Dimeric Crystal and Solution Structure of β-Lactoglobulin at pH 4 and Its pH and Salt Dependent Monomer–Dimer Equilibrium. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2905-2912. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Khan
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 423, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Richard Ipsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 423, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Protein separations using enhanced-fluidity liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:257-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Bowler MG, Bowler DR, Bowler MW. Raoult's law revisited: accurately predicting equilibrium relative humidity points for humidity control experiments. J Appl Crystallogr 2017; 50:631-638. [PMID: 28381983 PMCID: PMC5377353 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The humidity surrounding a sample is an important variable in scientific experiments. Biological samples in particular require not just a humid atmosphere but often a relative humidity (RH) that is in equilibrium with a stabilizing solution required to maintain the sample in the same state during measurements. The controlled dehydration of macromolecular crystals can lead to significant increases in crystal order, leading to higher diffraction quality. Devices that can accurately control the humidity surrounding crystals while monitoring diffraction have led to this technique being increasingly adopted, as the experiments become easier and more reproducible. Matching the RH to the mother liquor is the first step in allowing the stable mounting of a crystal. In previous work [Wheeler, Russi, Bowler & Bowler (2012). Acta Cryst. F68, 111-114], the equilibrium RHs were measured for a range of concentrations of the most commonly used precipitants in macromolecular crystallography and it was shown how these related to Raoult's law for the equilibrium vapour pressure of water above a solution. However, a discrepancy between the measured values and those predicted by theory could not be explained. Here, a more precise humidity control device has been used to determine equilibrium RH points. The new results are in agreement with Raoult's law. A simple argument in statistical mechanics is also presented, demonstrating that the equilibrium vapour pressure of a solvent is proportional to its mole fraction in an ideal solution: Raoult's law. The same argument can be extended to the case where the solvent and solute molecules are of different sizes, as is the case with polymers. The results provide a framework for the correct maintenance of the RH surrounding a sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Bowler
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - David R. Bowler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew W. Bowler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, Grenoble F-38042, France
- Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Université Grenoble Alpes–EMBL–CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, Grenoble F-38042, France
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25
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Engineered β-Lactoglobulin Produced in E. coli: Purification, Biophysical and Structural Characterisation. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:605-618. [PMID: 27380951 PMCID: PMC5035327 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin has been produced by expression in E. coli using an engineered protein gene and purified to homogeneity by applying a new protocol. Mutations L1A/I2S introduced into the protein sequence greatly facilitate in vivo cleavage of the N-terminal methionine, allowing correctly folded and soluble protein suitable for biochemical, biophysical and structural studies to be obtained. The use of gel filtration on Sephadex G75 at the last purification step enables protein without endogenous ligand to be obtained. The physicochemical properties of recombinant β-lactoglobulin such as CD spectra, ligand binding (n, K a, ΔH, TΔS, ΔG), chemical and thermal stability (ΔG D, C mid) and crystal structure confirmed that the protein obtained is almost identical to the natural one. The substitutions of N-terminal residues did not influence the binding properties of the recombinant protein so that the lactoglobulin produced and purified according to our protocol is a good candidate for further engineering and potential use in pharmacology and medicine.
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26
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Loch JI, Bonarek P, Polit A, Świątek S, Czub M, Ludwikowska M, Lewiński K. Conformational variability of goat β-lactoglobulin: Crystallographic and thermodynamic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:1283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Kontopidis G, Nordle Gilliver A, Sawyer L. Ovine β-lactoglobulin at atomic resolution. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:1498-503. [PMID: 25372816 PMCID: PMC4231851 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14020950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the triclinic form of the milk protein β-lactoglobulin from sheep (Ovis aries) at 1.1 Å resolution is described together with a comparison of the triclinic structures of the low-pH bovine and high-pH ovine proteins. All three structures are remarkably similar, despite the well known pH-dependent conformational transition described for the bovine and porcine proteins that occurs in solution. The high resolution of the present structure determination has allowed a more accurate description of the protein than has hitherto been possible, but it is still not clear whether flexibility changes in the external loops can compensate for the presence of a significant void in the unliganded interior of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kontopidis
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Swann Building, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH10 3BF, Scotland
| | - Anna Nordle Gilliver
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Swann Building, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH10 3BF, Scotland
| | - Lindsay Sawyer
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Swann Building, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH10 3BF, Scotland
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28
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Domínguez-Ramírez L, Del Moral-Ramírez E, Cortes-Hernández P, García-Garibay M, Jiménez-Guzmán J. β-lactoglobulin's conformational requirements for ligand binding at the calyx and the dimer interphase: a flexible docking study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79530. [PMID: 24255705 PMCID: PMC3821863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is an abundant milk protein relevant for industry and biotechnology, due significantly to its ability to bind a wide range of polar and apolar ligands. While hydrophobic ligand sites are known, sites for hydrophilic ligands such as the prevalent milk sugar, lactose, remain undetermined. Through the use of molecular docking we first, analyzed the known fatty acid binding sites in order to dissect their atomistic determinants and second, predicted the interaction sites for lactose with monomeric and dimeric BLG. We validated our approach against BLG structures co-crystallized with ligands and report a computational setup with a reduced number of flexible residues that is able to reproduce experimental results with high precision. Blind dockings with and without flexible side chains on BLG showed that: i) 13 experimentally-determined ligands fit the calyx requiring minimal movement of up to 7 residues out of the 23 that constitute this binding site. ii) Lactose does not bind the calyx despite conformational flexibility, but binds the dimer interface and an alternate Site C. iii) Results point to a probable lactolation site in the BLG dimer interface, at K141, consistent with previous biochemical findings. In contrast, no accessible lysines are found near Site C. iv) lactose forms hydrogen bonds with residues from both monomers stabilizing the dimer through a claw-like structure. Overall, these results improve our understanding of BLG's binding sites, importantly narrowing down the calyx residues that control ligand binding. Moreover, our results emphasize the importance of the dimer interface as an insufficiently explored, biologically relevant binding site of particular importance for hydrophilic ligands. Furthermore our analyses suggest that BLG is a robust scaffold for multiple ligand-binding, suitable for protein design, and advance our molecular understanding of its ligand sites to a point that allows manipulation to control binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Domínguez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma de Villada, Lerma, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth Del Moral-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma de Villada, México
| | - Paulina Cortes-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma de Villada, Lerma, México
| | - Mariano García-Garibay
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma de Villada, México
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Judith Jiménez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma de Villada, México
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29
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Valéry C, Pandey R, Gerrard JA. Protein β-interfaces as a generic source of native peptide tectons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2825-7. [PMID: 23443967 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc39052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Motifs of 7-8 amino acids were designed from the β-continuous interfaces of non-related homo-oligomeric proteins. These peptides intrinsically self-assembled into nanoarchitectures in water, while retaining some properties of their parent interfaces, especially reversibility of assembly. These results reveal a novel source of native peptide tectons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Valéry
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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Gu Y, Liu Q, Chen P, Guo C, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Lin D. Characterization of the oligomerization and ligand-binding properties of recombinant rat lipocalin 11. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1-7. [PMID: 23451353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin 11 (Lcn11), a recently identified member of the lipocalin family, potentially plays crucial physiological roles in male reproduction. In this present work, we cloned, expressed and purified the rat Lcn11 (rLcn11) protein Escherichia coli. A C59A/C156A substitution was introduced to ameliorate the misfolding and aggregation problem associated with the wild-type protein. From circular dichroism and non-reducing SDS-PAGE, we characterized the conformational properties of rLcn11 as a typical lipocalin scaffold with the conserved disulfide bridge. The results obtained from size-exclusion chromatography, cross-linking experiment and dynamic light scattering analysis indicate that the recombinant rLcn11 protein forms dimer in neutral solution. By using fluorescent probe-anilino-1 napthahlene sulfonic acid (ANS), we found rLcn might contain multiple hydrophobic binding sites for ligand binding. Similarly to the odorant-binding protein, rLcn11 processes a moderate affinity for binding 1-aminoanthracene (AMA), implying that Lcn11 might work as a dimeric chemoreception protein in male reproductive.
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Chen YJ, Liang L, Liu XM, Labuza TP, Zhou P. Effect of Fructose and glucose on glycation of β-lactoglobulin in an intermediate-moisture food model system: analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and data-independent acquisition LC-MS (LC-MS(E)). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10674-10682. [PMID: 23020204 DOI: 10.1021/jf3027765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of glucose and fructose on the glycation of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) in intermediate-moisture food (IMF), model systems consisting of β-Lg, glucose/fructose/sorbitol, glycerol, and water were established. All systems were stored at 25 and 35 °C for 2 months. The progress of the Maillard reaction and the mass change of β-Lg were investigated by the browning assay and gel electrophoresis, respectively. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and data-independent acquisition LC-MS (LC-MS(E)) were used to monitor the glycation extent and the glycated sites of β-Lg. The results indicated that glucose had a higher reaction activity of glycation than fructose, but both sugars had similar preference on the glycation site for β-Lg. The ranking order from high to low for the 9 detected glycated sites was L 1, K 91 > K 47 > K 70, K 77, K 83, K 100 > K 75 > K 135 for both sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Hettiarachchi CA, Melton LD, Gerrard JA, Loveday SM. Formation of β-Lactoglobulin Nanofibrils by Microwave Heating Gives a Peptide Composition Different from Conventional Heating. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2868-80. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300896r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charith A. Hettiarachchi
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North
4442, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland
1142, New Zealand
| | - Laurence D. Melton
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North
4442, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland
1142, New Zealand
| | - Juliet A. Gerrard
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North
4442, New Zealand
- Biomolecular
Interaction Centre
and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Industrial Research Limited,
PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Simon M. Loveday
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North
4442, New Zealand
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Mercadante D, Melton LD, Norris GE, Loo TS, Williams MAK, Dobson RCJ, Jameson GB. Bovine β-lactoglobulin is dimeric under imitative physiological conditions: dissociation equilibrium and rate constants over the pH range of 2.5-7.5. Biophys J 2012; 103:303-12. [PMID: 22853908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligomerization of β-lactoglobulin (βLg) has been studied extensively, but with somewhat contradictory results. Using analytical ultracentrifugation in both sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity modes, we studied the oligomerization of βLg variants A and B over a pH range of 2.5-7.5 in 100 mM NaCl at 25°C. For the first time, to our knowledge, we were able to estimate rate constants (k(off)) for βLg dimer dissociation. At pH 2.5 k(off) is low (0.008 and 0.009 s(-1)), but at higher pH (6.5 and 7.5) k(off) is considerably greater (>0.1 s(-1)). We analyzed the sedimentation velocity data using the van Holde-Weischet method, and the results were consistent with a monomer-dimer reversible self-association at pH 2.5, 3.5, 6.5, and 7.5. Dimer dissociation constants K(D)(2-1) fell close to or within the protein concentration range of ∼5 to ∼45 μM, and at ∼45 μM the dimer predominated. No species larger than the dimer could be detected. The K(D)(2-1) increased as |pH-pI| increased, indicating that the hydrophobic effect is the major factor stabilizing the dimer, and suggesting that, especially at low pH, electrostatic repulsion destabilizes the dimer. Therefore, through Poisson-Boltzmann calculations, we determined the electrostatic dimerization energy and the ionic charge distribution as a function of ionic strength at pH above (pH 7.5) and below (pH 2.5) the isoelectric point (pI∼5.3). We propose a mechanism for dimer stabilization whereby the added ionic species screen and neutralize charges in the vicinity of the dimer interface. The electrostatic forces of the ion cloud surrounding βLg play a key role in the thermodynamics and kinetics of dimer association/dissociation.
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34
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Lu F, Zhang S, Gao H, Jia H, Zheng L. Protein-decorated reduced oxide graphene composite and its application to SERS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3278-3284. [PMID: 22692825 DOI: 10.1021/am300634n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A globular protein, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), was used to decorate reduced graphene oxide sheets (RGO) and the obtained BLG-RGO composite can be dispersed in aqueous solution with pH-sensitive solubility. The morphology of the BLG-RGO composite was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that BLG-RGO is effectively exfoliated with an average thickness of 2.5 nm. UV-vis spectra were performed to examine the reduction degree and determine the optimum concentration of β-lactoglobulin and appropriate pH value. Furthermore, Raman spectra demonstrate that β-Lactoglobulin promotes the chemical reduction process of graphene oxide and benefits to repair the crystal defects. Due to the adsorption of β-Lactoglobulin on the surface of graphene sheets, the BLG-RGO composite was further used as template for Au nanoparticles assembly. These Au nanoparticles assembled on the BLG-RGO composite were shown to yield a large SERS enhancement for Rhodamine 6G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University , Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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35
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Sirimulla S, Pal R, Raparla M, Bailey JB, Duran R, Altamirano AM, Herndon WC, Narayan M. Identification of Novel Nitrosative Stress Inhibitors through Virtual Screening and Experimental Evaluation. Mol Inform 2012; 31:167-72. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Selvaraj M, Ahmad R, Varshney U, Vijayan M. Structures of new crystal forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase and functionally important plasticity of the molecule. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:124-8. [PMID: 22297982 PMCID: PMC3274386 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111052341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray structures of new crystal forms of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase from M. tuberculosis reported here and the results of previous X-ray studies of the enzyme from different sources provide a picture of the functionally relevant plasticity of the protein molecule. The new X-ray results confirm the connection deduced previously between the closure of the lid at the peptide-binding site and the opening of the gate that separates the peptide-binding and tRNA-binding sites. The plasticity of the molecule indicated by X-ray structures is in general agreement with that deduced from the available solution NMR results. The correlation between the lid and the gate movements is not, however, observed in the NMR structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Selvaraj
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Rais Ahmad
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - M. Vijayan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Wheeler MJ, Russi S, Bowler MG, Bowler MW. Measurement of the equilibrium relative humidity for common precipitant concentrations: facilitating controlled dehydration experiments. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:111-4. [PMID: 22232186 PMCID: PMC3253849 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111054029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dehydration of crystals of macromolecules has long been known to have the potential to increase their diffraction quality. A number of methods exist to change the relative humidity that surrounds crystals, but for reproducible results, with complete characterization of the changes induced, a precise humidity-control device coupled with an X-ray source is required. The first step in these experiments is to define the relative humidity in equilibrium with the mother liquor of the system under study; this can often be quite time-consuming. In order to reduce the time spent on this stage of the experiment, the equilibrium relative humidity for a range of concentrations of the most commonly used precipitants has been measured. The relationship between the precipitant solution and equilibrium relative humidity is explained by Raoult's law for the equilibrium vapour pressure of water above a solution. The results also have implications for the choice of cryoprotectant and solutions used to dehydrate crystals. For the most commonly used precipitants (10-30% PEG 2000-8000), the starting point will be a relative humidity of 99.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Wheeler
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Silvia Russi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael G. Bowler
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, England
| | - Matthew W. Bowler
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
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38
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Ohtomo H, Konuma T, Utsunoiya H, Tsuge H, Ikeguchi M. Structure and stability of Gyuba, a β-lactoglobulin chimera. Protein Sci 2011; 20:1867-75. [PMID: 21853497 DOI: 10.1002/pro.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
β-lactoglobulin (LG) contains nine β-strands (strands A-I) and one α-helix. Strands A-H form a β-barrel. At neutral pH, equine LG (ELG) is monomeric, whereas bovine LG (BLG) is dimeric, and the I-strands of its two subunits form an intermolecular β-sheet. We previously constructed a chimeric ELG in which the sequence of the I-strand was replaced with that of BLG. This chimera did not dimerize. For this study, we constructed the new chimera we call Gyuba (which means cow and horse in Japanese). The amino acid sequence of Gyuba includes the sequences of the BLG secondary structures and those of the ELG loops. The crystal structure of Gyuba is very similar to that of BLG and indicates that Gyuba dimerizes via the intermolecular β-sheet formed by the two I-strands. Thus, the entire arrangement of the secondary structural elements is important for LG dimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ohtomo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
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39
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Inducing phase changes in crystals of macromolecules: Status and perspectives for controlled crystal dehydration. J Struct Biol 2011; 175:236-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Takayama Y, Nakasako M. A few low-frequency normal modes predominantly contribute to conformational responses of hen egg white lysozyme in the tetragonal crystal to variations of molecular packing controlled by environmental humidity. Biophys Chem 2011; 159:237-46. [PMID: 21802827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The structures of proteins in crystals are fixed by molecular interactions with neighboring molecules, except in non-contacting flexible regions. Thus, it is difficult to imagine what conformational changes occur in solution. However, if molecular interactions can be changed by manipulating molecular packing in crystals, it may be possible to visualize conformational responses of proteins at atomic resolution by diffraction experiments. For this purpose, it is suitable to control the molecular packing in protein crystals by changing the volume of solvent channels through variation of the environmental relative humidity. Here, we studied conformational responses of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in the tetragonal crystal by X-ray diffraction experiments using a humidity-control apparatus, which provided air flow of 20-98%rh at 298 K. First, we monitored the lattice parameters and crystalline order during dehydration and rehydration of HEWL crystal between 61 and 94%rh at 300 K. Then two crystal structures at a resolution of 2.1 Å using diffraction data obtained at 84.2 and 71.9%rh were determined to discuss the conformational responses of HEWL against the external perturbation induced by changes in molecular packing. The structure at 71.9%rh displayed a closure movement that was likely induced by the molecular contacts formed during dehydration and could be approximated by ten low-frequency normal modes for the crystal structure obtained at 84.2%rh. In addition, we observed reorganization of hydration structures at the molecular interfaces between symmetry neighbors. These findings suggest that humidity-controlled X-ray crystallography is an effective tool to investigate the responses of inherent intramolecular motions of proteins to external perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takayama
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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41
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Obtaining protein solvent accessible surface area when structural data is unavailable using osmotic pressure. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Mellor BL, Cruz Cortés E, Busath DD, Mazzeo BA. Method for Estimating the Internal Permittivity of Proteins Using Dielectric Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2205-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett L. Mellor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Efrén Cruz Cortés
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - David D. Busath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Brian A. Mazzeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
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Gupta V, Gupta RK, Khare G, Salunke DM, Surolia A, Tyagi AK. Structural ordering of disordered ligand-binding loops of biotin protein ligase into active conformations as a consequence of dehydration. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9222. [PMID: 20169168 PMCID: PMC2821413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a dreaded pathogen, has a unique cell envelope composed of high fatty acid content that plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase (ACC), an important enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of fatty acid biosynthesis, is biotinylated by biotin acetyl-CoA carboxylase ligase (BirA). The ligand-binding loops in all known apo BirAs to date are disordered and attain an ordered structure only after undergoing a conformational change upon ligand-binding. Here, we report that dehydration of Mtb-BirA crystals traps both the apo and active conformations in its asymmetric unit, and for the first time provides structural evidence of such transformation. Recombinant Mtb-BirA was crystallized at room temperature, and diffraction data was collected at 295 K as well as at 120 K. Transfer of crystals to paraffin and paratone-N oil (cryoprotectants) prior to flash-freezing induced lattice shrinkage and enhancement in the resolution of the X-ray diffraction data. Intriguingly, the crystal lattice rearrangement due to shrinkage in the dehydrated Mtb-BirA crystals ensued structural order of otherwise flexible ligand-binding loops L4 and L8 in apo BirA. In addition, crystal dehydration resulted in a shift of approximately 3.5 A in the flexible loop L6, a proline-rich loop unique to Mtb complex as well as around the L11 region. The shift in loop L11 in the C-terminal domain on dehydration emulates the action responsible for the complex formation with its protein ligand biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) domain of ACCA3. This is contrary to the involvement of loop L14 observed in Pyrococcus horikoshii BirA-BCCP complex. Another interesting feature that emerges from this dehydrated structure is that the two subunits A and B, though related by a noncrystallographic twofold symmetry, assemble into an asymmetric dimer representing the ligand-bound and ligand-free states of the protein, respectively. In-depth analyses of the sequence and the structure also provide answers to the reported lower affinities of Mtb-BirA toward ATP and biotin substrates. This dehydrated crystal structure not only provides key leads to the understanding of the structure/function relationships in the protein in the absence of any ligand-bound structure, but also demonstrates the merit of dehydration of crystals as an inimitable technique to have a glance at proteins in action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh K. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Khare
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Anil K. Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Sakurai K, Konuma T, Yagi M, Goto Y. Structural dynamics and folding of β-lactoglobulin probed by heteronuclear NMR. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:527-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Kaushal PS, Sankaranarayanan R, Vijayan M. Water-mediated variability in the structure of relaxed-state haemoglobin. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:463-9. [PMID: 18540052 PMCID: PMC2496843 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108013109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of high-salt horse methaemoglobin has been determined at environmental relative humidities (r.h.) of 88, 79, 75 and 66%. The molecule is in the R state in the native and the r.h. 88% crystals. At r.h. 79%, the water content of the crystal is reduced and the molecule appears to move towards the R2 state. The crystals undergo a water-mediated transformation involving a doubling of one of the unit-cell parameters and an increase in water content when the environmental humidity is further reduced to r.h. 75%. The water content is now similar to that in the native crystals and the molecules are in the R state. The crystal structure at r.h. 66% is similar, but not identical, to that at r.h. 75%, but the solvent content is substantially reduced and the molecules have a quaternary structure that is in between those corresponding to the R and R2 states. Thus, variation in hydration leads to variation in the quaternary structure. Furthermore, partial dehydration appears to shift the structure from the R state to the R2 state. This observation is in agreement with the earlier conclusion that the changes in protein structure that accompany partial dehydration are similar to those that occur during protein action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Singh Kaushal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - R. Sankaranarayanan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - M. Vijayan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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