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Glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase gene silencing by parental RNA interference in rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:2141. [PMID: 35136178 PMCID: PMC8825807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental RNAi (pRNAi) is a response of RNA interference in which treated insect pests progenies showed a gene silencing phenotypes. pRNAi of CmGNA gene has been studied in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis via injection. Our results showed significant reduction in ovulation per female that was 26% and 35.26% in G1 and G2 generations, respectively. Significant reduction of hatched eggs per female were observed 23.53% and 45.26% as compared to control in G1–G2 generations, respectively. We also observed the significant variation in the sex ratio between female (40% and 53%) in G1–G2 generations, and in male (65%) in G1 generation as compared to control. Our results also demonstrated the significant larval mortality (63% and 55%) and pupal mortality (55% and 41%), and significant reduction of mRNA expression level in G1 and G2 generations. Our findings have confirmed that effectiveness of pRNAi induced silencing on the CmGNA target gene in G1–G2 generations of C. medinalis. These results suggested the potential role of pRNAi in insect pest resistance management strategies.
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Shakeel M, Du J, Li SW, Zhou YJ, Sarwar N, Bukhari SAH. Characterization, Knockdown and Parental Effect of Hexokinase Gene of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Revealed by RNA Interference. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111258. [PMID: 33114530 PMCID: PMC7693289 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexokinase (HK) is a key enzyme in chitin biosynthesis in insects and plays an important role in development and energy regulation. It also performs a crucial role in the synthesis of Glucose-6-phosphate and its putative functions are studied via injection of dsRNA corresponding to the hexokinase gene from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (CmHK). This study was designed to analyze the characteristics and expression patterns of HK-related genes in various tissues of C. medinalis at different developmental stages. The CmHK ORF is a 1359 bp in length, encoding a protein of 452 amino acids, with homology and cluster analysis showing that CmHK shares an 85.11% sequence similarity with hexokinase from Ostrinia furnacalis.CmHK was highly expressed in the ovary and in the fifth instar larvae. Injection of dsCmHK significantly suppressed mRNA expression (73.6%) 120 h post-dsRNA injection as compared to a control group. The results demonstrated an increased incidence of larval and pupal mortality of 80% and 78%, respectively, with significant variation in the sex ratio between males (68.33%) and females (35%), overt larval deformities, and a reduction in average weight gain observed 120 h post-dsRNA injection. In addition, dsCmHK-injected C. medinalis showed a significant reduction in ovulation per female and larval hatching rate, along with increased larval and pupal mortality and variation in male and female emergence over three generations (G1, G2, and G3). Taken together, the outcomes of the study provide a foundation to study gene function and a new dimension to control C. medinalis by transgenic RNAi technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; (M.S.); (J.D.); (Y.-J.Z.)
| | - Juan Du
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; (M.S.); (J.D.); (Y.-J.Z.)
| | - Shang-Wei Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; (M.S.); (J.D.); (Y.-J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-6506-6957
| | - Yuan-Jin Zhou
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; (M.S.); (J.D.); (Y.-J.Z.)
| | - Naeem Sarwar
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (N.S.); (S.A.H.B.)
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Martínez-Casares RM, Méndez HIP, Alvarez NM, Mendoza ES, Oba AS, Vázquez LH. Structural study of 1-(2', 3'-O-isopropylidene-(α-d-allo and -β-l-talofuranosyluron)-5'-cyanohydrin)uracil stereoisomers by NMR spectroscopy and theoretical methods. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:766-772. [PMID: 28087971 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubria Marlen Martínez-Casares
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #1100, Col. Villa Quietud, CP. 04960, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Herminia Inés Pérez Méndez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Cp. 04960, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Norberto Manjarrez Alvarez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Cp. 04960, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Ernesto Sánchez Mendoza
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Cp. 04960, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Aida Solís Oba
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Cp. 04960, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Liliana Hernández Vázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Cp. 04960, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
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Two year field study to evaluate the efficacy of Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus combined with proteins derived from Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus. Viruses 2015; 7:1062-78. [PMID: 25760139 PMCID: PMC4379560 DOI: 10.3390/v7031062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Japan has only three registered baculovirus biopesticides despite its long history of studies on insect viruses. High production cost is one of the main hindrances for practical use of baculoviruses. Enhancement of insecticidal effect is one possible way to overcome this problem, so there have been many attempts to develop additives for baculoviruses. We found that alkaline soluble proteins of capsules (GVPs) of Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus can increase infectivity of some viruses including Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (MabrNPV), and previously reported that MabrNPV mixed with GVPs was highly infectious to three important noctuid pests of vegetables in the following order, Helicoverpa armigera, M. brassicae, and Autographa nigrisigna. In this study, small-plot experiments were performed to assess concentrations of MabrNPV and GVPs at three cabbage fields and a broccoli field for the control of M. brassicae. In the first experiment, addition of GVPs (10 µg/mL) to MabrNPV at 106 OBs/mL resulted in a significant increase in NPV infection (from 53% to 66%). In the second experiment, the enhancing effect of GVP on NPV infection was confirmed at 10-times lower concentrations of MabrNPV. In the third and fourth experiments, a 50% reduction in GVPs (from 10 µg/mL to 5 µg/mL) did not result in a lowering of infectivity of the formulations containing MabrNPV at 105 OBs/mL. These results indicate that GVPs are promising additives for virus insecticides.
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Zhuo W, Fang Y, Kong L, Li X, Sima Y, Xu S. Chitin synthase A: a novel epidermal development regulation gene in the larvae of Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4177-86. [PMID: 24577751 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitin synthase is the key regulatory enzyme for chitin synthesis and excretion in insects, as well as a specific target of insecticides. The chitin synthase A gene (BmChsA) cloned from Bombyx mori, the model species of lepidopteran, is an epidermis-specific expressed gene during the molting stage. Knockdown BmChsA gene in 3rd instar larvae increased the number of non-molting and abnormal molting larvae. Exposure to nikkomycin Z, a chitin synthase inhibitor downregulated the expression of BmChsA and decreased the amount of epidermis chitin during the molting process. The thickness of the new epidermis and its dense structure varied greatly. The exogenous hormones significantly upregulated the expression of BmChsA with low levels of endogenous MH and high levels of endogenous JH immediately after molting. With low levels of endogenous hormones during the mulberry intake process, BmChsA was rarely upregulated by exogenous hormones. With high levels of endogenous MH and low levels of endogenous JH during the molting stage, we did not detect the upregulation of BmChsA by exogenous hormones. The expression of BmChsA was regulated by endocrine hormones, which directly affected the chitin synthesis-dependent epidermal regeneration and molting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhuo
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Zhuo W, Chu F, Kong L, Tao H, Sima Y, Xu S. Chitin synthase B: a midgut-specific gene induced by insect hormones and involved in food intake in Bombyx mori larvae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 85:36-47. [PMID: 24338669 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitin synthase (CHS) is the key regulatory enzyme in chitin synthesis and excretion in insects, and a specific target of insecticides. We cloned a CHS B gene of Bombyx mori (BmChsB) and showed it to be midgut specific, highly expressed during the feeding process in the larva. Knockdown of BmChsB expression in the third-instar larvae increased the number of nonmolting and abnormally molting larvae. Exposure to nikkomycin Z, a CHS inhibitor, reduced the amount of chitin in the peritrophic membrane of molted larvae, whereas abnormally elevated BmChsB mRNA levels were readily detected from the end of molting and in the newly molted larvae. Exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogue, significantly upregulated the expression of BmChsB when the levels of endogenous molting hormone (MH) were low and the levels of endogenous juvenile hormone (JH) were high immediately after molting. When levels of endogenous MH were high and those of endogenous JH were low during the molting stage, exogenous 20E did not upregulate BmChsB expression and exogenous methoprene upregulated it negligibly. When the endogenous hormone levels were low during the mulberry-leaf intake process, BmChsB expression was upregulated by exogenous methoprene. We conclude that the expression of BmChsB is regulated by insect hormones, and directly affects the chitin-synthesis-dependent form of the peritrophic membrane and protects the food intake and molting process of silkworm larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhuo
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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A Review of the Applications of Chitin and Its Derivatives in Agriculture to Modify Plant-Microbial Interactions and Improve Crop Yields. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy3040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Held DW, Potter DA. Prospects for managing turfgrass pests with reduced chemical inputs. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 57:329-354. [PMID: 21910640 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Turfgrass culture, a multibillion dollar industry in the United States, poses unique challenges for integrated pest management. Why insect control on lawns, golf courses, and sport fields remains insecticide-driven, and how entomological research and extension can best support nascent initiatives in environmental golf and sustainable lawn care are explored. High standards for aesthetics and playability, prevailing business models, risk management-driven control decisions, and difficulty in predicting pest outbreaks fuel present reliance on preventive insecticides. New insights into pest biology, sampling methodology, microbial insecticides, plant resistance, and conservation biological control are reviewed. Those gains, and innovations in reduced-risk insecticides, should make it possible to begin constructing holistic management plans for key turfgrass pests. Nurturing the public's interest in wildlife habitat preservation, including beneficial insects, may be one means to change aesthetic perceptions and gain leeway for implementing integrated pest management practices that lend stability to turfgrass settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Held
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5413, USA.
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