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Ding LL, Yu SJ, Lei S, Pan Q, Liu L, Li SC, Chen TY, Wang SQ, Wei ZT, Liu HQ, Cong L, Ran C. Identification and Functional Characterization of an Omega-Class Glutathione S-Transferase Gene PcGSTO1 Associated with Cyetpyrafen Resistance in Panonychus citri (McGregor). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7010-7020. [PMID: 38529524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cyetpyrafen is a recently developed acaricide. The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), has developed significant resistance to cyetpyrafen. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the cyetpyrafen resistance in P. citri remains unclear. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a critical role in arthropod pesticide resistance. This study showed that GSTs were potentially related to the resistance of P. citri to cyetpyrafen through synergistic experiments and enzyme activity analysis. An omega-family GST gene, PcGSTO1, was significantly up-regulated in the egg, nymph, and adult stages of the cyetpyrafen-resistant strain. Additionally, silencing of PcGSTO1 significantly increased the mortality of P. citri to cyetpyrafen and recombinant PcGSTO1 demonstrated the ability to metabolize cyetpyrafen. Our results indicated that the overexpression of PcGSTO1 is associated with cyetpyrafen resistance in P. citri, and they also provided valuable information for managing resistance in P. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ding
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Si-Chen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shu-Qi Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zhi-Tang Wei
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Hao-Qiang Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chun Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
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Rinkevich FD, Moreno-Martí S, Hernández-Rodríguez CS, González-Cabrera J. Confirmation of the Y215H mutation in the β 2 -octopamine receptor in Varroa destructor is associated with contemporary cases of amitraz resistance in the United States. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 36947601 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman), is a leading cause of honey bee colony losses around the world. Application of miticides such as amitraz are often the primary method of Varroa control in commercial beekeeping operations in the United States. It is likely that excessive and exclusive amitraz application has led to the development of amitraz resistance in Varroa. A mutation of tyrosine at amino acid position 215 to histidine (Y215H) in the β2 -octopamine receptor was identified in putatively amitraz-resistant Varroa in the United States. This research investigated the presence of the Y215H mutation in quantitatively confirmed amitraz-resistant Varroa from the United States. RESULTS There was a strong association of susceptible and resistant phenotypes with the corresponding susceptible and resistant genotypes respectively, and vice versa. The resistance bioassay may understate resistance levels because of the influence of environmental conditions on the outcome of the test, whereby Varroa with an amitraz-resistant genotype may appear with a susceptible phenotype. CONCLUSION Confirmation of the Y215H mutation in the β2 -octopamine receptor of amitraz-resistant Varroa encourages the development and validation of low-cost, high-throughput genotyping protocols to assess amitraz resistance. Resistance monitoring via genotyping will allow for large-scale passive monitoring to accurately determine the prevalence of amitraz resistance rather than directed sampling of apiaries with known resistance issues. Genotyping of Varroa for amitraz resistance early in the beekeeping season may predict late-season resistance at the colony level and provide beekeepers with enough time to develop an effective Varroa management strategy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Rinkevich
- USDA-ARS Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Thia JA, Korhonen PK, Young ND, Gasser RB, Umina PA, Yang Q, Edwards O, Walsh T, Hoffmann AA. The redlegged earth mite draft genome provides new insights into pesticide resistance evolution and demography in its invasive Australian range. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:381-398. [PMID: 36573922 PMCID: PMC10107102 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genomic data provide valuable insights into pest management issues such as resistance evolution, historical patterns of pest invasions and ongoing population dynamics. We assembled the first reference genome for the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker, 1925), to investigate adaptation to pesticide pressures and demography in its invasive Australian range using whole-genome pool-seq data from regionally distributed populations. Our reference genome comprises 132 autosomal contigs, with a total length of 48.90 Mb. We observed a large complex of ace genes, which has presumably evolved from a long history of organophosphate selection in H. destructor and may contribute towards organophosphate resistance through copy number variation, target-site mutations and structural variants. In the putative ancestral H. destructor ace gene, we identified three target-site mutations (G119S, A201S and F331Y) segregating in organophosphate-resistant populations. Additionally, we identified two new para sodium channel gene mutations (L925I and F1020Y) that may contribute to pyrethroid resistance. Regional structuring observed in population genomic analyses indicates that gene flow in H. destructor does not homogenize populations across large geographic distances. However, our demographic analyses were equivocal on the magnitude of gene flow; the short invasion history of H. destructor makes it difficult to distinguish scenarios of complete isolation vs. ongoing migration. Nonetheless, we identified clear signatures of reduced genetic diversity and smaller inferred effective population sizes in eastern vs. western populations, which is consistent with the stepping-stone invasion pathway of this pest in Australia. These new insights will inform development of diagnostic genetic markers of resistance, further investigation into the multifaceted organophosphate resistance mechanism and predictive modelling of resistance evolution and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Thia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pasi K Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil D Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owain Edwards
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tom Walsh
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Cheng LY, Hou DY, Sun QZ, Yu SJ, Li SC, Liu HQ, Cong L, Ran C. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Field Resistance to Spirodiclofen in Panonychus citri (McGregor). INSECTS 2022; 13:1011. [PMID: 36354837 PMCID: PMC9696244 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spirodiclofen is one of the most widely used acaricides in China. The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most destructive citrus pests worldwide and has developed a high resistance to spirodiclofen. However, the molecular mechanism of spirodiclofen resistance in P. citri is still unknown. In this study, we identified a field spirodiclofen-resistant strain (DL-SC) that showed 712-fold resistance to spirodiclofen by egg bioassay compared to the susceptible strain. Target-site resistance was not detected as non-synonymous mutations were not found by amplification and sequencing of the ACCase gene of resistant and susceptible strains; in addition, the mRNA expression levels of ACCase were similar in both resistant and susceptible strains. The activity of detoxifying enzymes P450s and CCEs in the resistant strain was significantly higher than in the susceptible strain. The transcriptome expression data showed 19 xenobiotic metabolisms genes that were upregulated. Stage-specific expression profiling revealed that the most prominent upregulated gene, CYP385C10, in transcriptome data was significantly higher in resistant strains in all stages. Furthermore, functional analysis by RNAi indicated that the mortality caused by spirodiclofen was significantly increased by silencing the P450 gene CYP385C10. The current results suggest that overexpression of the P450 gene, CYP385C10, may be involved in spirodiclofen resistance in P. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yan Cheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Dong-Yuan Hou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Qin-Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Si-Chen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Hao-Qiang Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chun Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
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