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Lahcen A, Surya SG, Beduk T, Vijjapu MT, Lamaoui A, Durmus C, Timur S, Shekhah O, Mani V, Amine A, Eddaoudi M, Salama KN. Metal-Organic Frameworks Meet Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Insights and Prospects for Sensor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49399-49424. [PMID: 36315467 PMCID: PMC9650679 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of porous materials as the core for synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) adds significant value to the resulting sensing system. This review covers in detail the current progress and achievements regarding the synergistic combination of MIPs and porous materials, namely metal/covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs), including the application of such frameworks in the development of upgraded sensor platforms. The different processes involved in the synthesis of MOF/COF-MIPs are outlined, along with their intrinsic properties. Special attention is paid to debriefing the impact of the morphological changes that occur through the synergistic combination compared to those that occur due to the individual entities. Thereafter, the strategies used for building the sensors, as well as the transduction modes, are overviewed and discussed. This is followed by a full description of research advances for various types of MOF/COF-MIP-based (bio)sensors and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and pharmaceutical analysis. Finally, the challenges/drawbacks, as well as the prospects of this research field, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif
Ait Lahcen
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer,
Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep G. Surya
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer,
Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer,
Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mani Teja Vijjapu
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer,
Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abderrahman Lamaoui
- Chemical
Analysis and Biosensors Group, Laboratory of Process Engineering and
Environment, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia99999, Morocco
| | - Ceren Durmus
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege
University, 35100Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege
University, 35100Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osama Shekhah
- Functional
Materials Design, Discovery and Development (FMD3) Research Group,
Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of
Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veerappan Mani
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer,
Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Amine
- Chemical
Analysis and Biosensors Group, Laboratory of Process Engineering and
Environment, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia99999, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional
Materials Design, Discovery and Development (FMD3) Research Group,
Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of
Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Nabil Salama
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer,
Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Sun C, Feng G, Song Y, Cheng S, Lei S, Hu W. Single Molecule Level and Label-Free Determination of Multibiomarkers with an Organic Field-Effect Transistor Platform in Early Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6615-6620. [PMID: 35446018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The single molecule level determination with a transistor (SiMoT) platform has attracted considerable attention in the recognition of various ultralow abundance biomolecules, while complicated labeling and testing processes limit its further applications. Recently, organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based biosensors are good candidates for constructing an advanced label-free SiMoT platform due to their facile fabrication process, rapid response time, and low sample volume with a wide range of detection. However, the sensitivity of most OFET-based biosensors is in the order of nM and pM, which cannot meet the detection requirements of ultralow abundance protein. Herein, a label-free SiMoT platform is demonstrated by integrating pillar[n]arene as a signal amplifier, and the detection limit can reach 4.75 aM. Besides, by simultaneous determination of α-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prostate antigen, the proposed multiplexed OFET-based SiMoT platform provides a key step in reliable early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guangyuan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaru Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institution of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Majhi SM, Ali A, Rai P, Greish YE, Alzamly A, Surya SG, Qamhieh N, Mahmoud ST. Metal-organic frameworks for advanced transducer based gas sensors: review and perspectives. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:697-732. [PMID: 36131834 PMCID: PMC9417493 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00798j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of gas sensing devices to detect environmentally toxic, hazardous, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has witnessed a surge of immense interest over the past few decades, motivated mainly by the significant progress in technological advancements in the gas sensing field. A great deal of research has been dedicated to developing robust, cost-effective, and miniaturized gas sensing platforms with high efficiency. Compared to conventional metal-oxide based gas sensing materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered tremendous attention in a variety of fields, including the gas sensing field, due to their fascinating features such as high adsorption sites for gas molecules, high porosity, tunable morphologies, structural diversities, and ability of room temperature (RT) sensing. This review summarizes the current advancement in various pristine MOF materials and their composites for different electrical transducer-based gas sensing applications. The review begins with a discussion on the overview of gas sensors, the significance of MOFs, and their scope in the gas sensing field. Next, gas sensing applications are divided into four categories based on different advanced transducers: chemiresistive, capacitive, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based gas sensors. Their fundamental concepts, gas sensing ability towards various gases, sensing mechanisms, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, this review is concluded with a summary, existing challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Manohar Majhi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Yaser E Greish
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Alzamly
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep G Surya
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), CEMSE, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Sensor Group, R&D Section, Dyson Tech. Limited Malmesbury UK
| | - Naser Qamhieh
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh T Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain 15551 United Arab Emirates
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
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Vijjapu MT, Surya SG, He JH, Salama KN. Highly Selective Self-Powered Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Heterojunction of a Halide Perovskite and InGaZnO NO 2 Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40460-40470. [PMID: 34415137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered sensors can lead to disruptive advances in self-sustainable sensing systems that are imperative for evolving human lifestyles. For the first time, we demonstrate the fabrication of a heterojunction sensor using p-type hybrid-halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbBr3) and an n-type semiconducting metal oxide thin film [InGaZnO (IGZO)] for the detection of NO2 gas and power generation. Combining the excellent photoelectric properties of perovskites and the remarkable gas-sensing properties of IGZO at room temperature, the devised sensors generate open-circuit voltage and modulate according to the ambient NO2 concentration. The major challenge in devising self-powered gas sensors is to attain harvesting capability and selectivity simultaneously, owing to perovskites reactivity in the presence of oxygen and humidity. In this work, we developed a novel approach and fabricated a heterojunction sensor using parylene-c as an additional layer to curb the cross-sensitivity and to enhance the selectivity of the sensor. Even under the low concentrations of NO2, the developed sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability. The devices are sensitive and robust even under extreme humidity conditions (80% RH) and synthetic air. The devised sensor configuration is one way to eliminate the cross-sensitivity issue of the perovskite-based devices and serves as a reference for the development of self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Teja Vijjapu
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep G Surya
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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6
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Trul AA, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Gas Sensors Based on Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers as Promising Sensitive Elements for Toxic Gases Monitoring in the Atmosphere. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Sun C, Vinayak MV, Cheng S, Hu W. Facile Functionalization Strategy for Ultrasensitive Organic Protein Biochips in Multi-Biomarker Determination. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11305-11311. [PMID: 34323475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have shown great potential for advanced protein biochips due to their inherent biocompatibility and high-throughput detectability. However, the development of OFET-based protein biochips is still at an early stage. On the one hand, single-biomarker determination is not sufficient for the diagnosis of cancer; thus, simultaneous monitoring of electrical signals toward multi-biomarkers is widely concerned and explored. On the other hand, an optimized functionalization strategy for efficient protein immobilization is another key to make OFET-based protein biochips accessible with improved detection performance. Herein, a facile functionalization strategy is developed for excellent charge-transport thin films by suppressing the gelation of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer semiconductors with the addition of the glutaraldehyde cross-linking agent. Besides, functional groups are introduced on the device surface for efficient attachment of antibodies as receptors via a condensation reaction, enabling simultaneous determination of α-fetoprotein biomarker and carcinoembryonic antigen biomarker with improved sensitivity and reliability. Therefore, the proposed high-throughput OFET-based protein biochip has the potential to be widely utilized in early liver cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Manikkedath V Vinayak
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institution of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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8
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Liang J, Song Z, Wang S, Zhao X, Tong Y, Ren H, Guo S, Tang Q, Liu Y. Cobweb-like, Ultrathin Porous Polymer Films for Ultrasensitive NO 2 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52992-53002. [PMID: 33170620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors based on polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) have drawn much attention owing to the inherent merits of specific selectivity, low cost, and room temperature operation. Ultrathin (<10 nm) and porous polymer semiconductor films offer a golden opportunity for achieving high-performance gas sensors. However, wafer-scale fabrication of such high-quality polymer films is of great challenge and has rarely been realized before. Herein, the first demonstration of 4 in. wafer-scale, cobweb-like, and ultrathin porous polymer films is reported via a one-step phase-inversion process. This approach is extremely simple and universal for constructing various ultrathin porous polymer semiconductor films. Thanks to the abundant pores, ultrathin size, and high charge-transfer efficiency of the prepared polymer films, our gas sensors exhibit many superior advantages, including ultrahigh response (2.46 × 106%), low limit of detection (LOD) (<1 ppm), and excellent selectivity. Thus, the proposed fabrication strategy is exceptionally promising for mass manufacturing of low-cost high-performance polymer FET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shanlei Guo
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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Deokar G, Genovese A, Surya SG, Long C, Salama KN, Costa PMFJ. Semi-transparent graphite films growth on Ni and their double-sided polymer-free transfer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14703. [PMID: 32895394 PMCID: PMC7477098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanorange thickness graphite films (NGFs) are robust nanomaterials that can be produced via catalytic chemical vapour deposition but questions remain regarding their facile transfer and how surface topography may affect their application in next-generation devices. Here, we report the growth of NGFs (with an area of 55 cm2 and thickness of ~ 100 nm) on both sides of a polycrystalline Ni foil and their polymer-free transfer (front- and back-side, in areas up to 6 cm2). Due to the catalyst foil topography, the two carbon films differed in physical properties and other characteristics such as surface roughness. We demonstrate that the coarser back-side NGF is well-suited for NO2 sensing, whereas the smoother and more electrically conductive front-side NGF (2000 S/cm, sheet resistance − 50 Ω/sq) could be a viable conducting channel or counter electrode in solar cells (as it transmits 62% of visible light). Overall, the growth and transfer processes described could help realizing NGFs as an alternative carbon material for those technological applications where graphene and micrometer-thick graphite films are not an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Deokar
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alessandro Genovese
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep G Surya
- Sensors lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Long
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro M F J Costa
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Baek S, Kwon J, Mano T, Tokito S, Jung S. A Flexible 3D Organic Preamplifier for a Lactate Sensor. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000144. [PMID: 32613734 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Organic transistors are promising platforms for wearable biosensors. However, the strategies to improve signal amplification have yet to be determined, particularly regarding biosensors that generate very weak signals. In this study, an organic voltage amplifier is presented for a lactate sensor on flexible plastic foil. The preamplifier is based on a 3D complementary inverter, which is achieved by vertically stacking complementary transistors with a shared gate between them. The shared gate is extended and functionalized with a lactate oxidase enzyme to detect lactate. The sensing device successfully detects the lactate concentration in the human sweat range (20-60 mm) with high sensitivity (6.82 mV mm-1 ) due to high gain of its amplification. The 3D integration process is cost-effective as it is solution-processable and doubles the number of transistors per unit area. The device presented in this study would pave the way for the development of high-gain noninvasive sweat lactate sensors that can be wearable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Baek
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kwon
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taisei Mano
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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