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Semicheva A, Ersoy U, Vasilaki A, Myrtziou I, Kanakis I. Defining the Most Potent Osteoinductive Culture Conditions for MC3T3-E1 Cells Reveals No Implication of Oxidative Stress or Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4180. [PMID: 38673767 PMCID: PMC11050066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cell line is widely utilised as a reliable in vitro system to assess bone formation. However, the experimental growth conditions for these cells hugely diverge, and, particularly, the osteogenic medium (OSM)'s composition varies in research studies. Therefore, we aimed to define the ideal culture conditions for MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells with regard to their mineralization capacity and explore if oxidative stress or the cellular metabolism processes are implicated. Cells were treated with nine different combinations of long-lasting ascorbate (Asc) and β-glycerophosphate (βGP), and osteogenesis/calcification was evaluated at three different time-points by qPCR, Western blotting, and bone nodule staining. Key molecules of the oxidative and metabolic pathways were also assessed. It was found that sufficient mineral deposition was achieved only in the 150 μg.mL-1/2 mM Asc/βGP combination on day 21 in OSM, and this was supported by Runx2, Alpl, Bglap, and Col1a1 expression level increases. NOX2 and SOD2 as well as PGC1α and Tfam were also monitored as indicators of redox and metabolic processes, respectively, where no differences were observed. Elevation in OCN protein levels and ALP activity showed that mineralisation comes as a result of these differences. This work defines the most appropriate culture conditions for MC3T3-E1 cells and could be used by other research laboratories in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Semicheva
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ufuk Ersoy
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
| | - Ioanna Myrtziou
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
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Raus de Baviera D, Ruiz-Canales A, Barrajón-Catalán E. Cistus albidus L.-Review of a Traditional Mediterranean Medicinal Plant with Pharmacological Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2988. [PMID: 37631199 PMCID: PMC10458491 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been used therapeutically since ancient times in the Mediterranean basin for its important pharmacological properties. The ability of C. albidus to produce large quantities of a wide range of natural metabolites makes it an attractive source of raw material. The main constituents with bioactive functions that exert pharmacological effects are terpenes and polyphenols, with more than 200 identified compounds. The purpose of this review is to offer a detailed account of the botanical, ethnological, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of C. albidus with the aim of encouraging additional pharmaceutical investigations into the potential therapeutic benefits of this medicinal plant. This review was carried out using organized searches of the available literature up to July 2023. A detailed analysis of C. albidus confirms its traditional use as a medicinal plant. The outcome of several studies suggests a deeper involvement of certain polyphenols and terpenes in multiple mechanisms such as inflammation and pain, with a potential application focus on neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Other diseases such as prostate cancer and leukemia have already been researched with promising results for this plant, for which no intoxication has been reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Raus de Baviera
- Department of Engineering, Area of Agroforestry, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (D.R.d.B.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Ruiz-Canales
- Department of Engineering, Area of Agroforestry, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (D.R.d.B.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Elche University Hospital-FISABIO, 03203 Elche, Spain
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Zhang XT, Hu J, Su LH, Geng CA, Chen JJ. Artematrolide A inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation via ROS/ERK/mTOR pathway and metabolic shift. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153707. [PMID: 34450376 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artematrolide A (AR-A), a guaianolide dimer isolated from Artemisia atrovirens, demonstrated significant inhibitory effect on three human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, Huh7 and SMMC7721). The anti-cervical cancer effect and mechanism of this compound have yet to be explored. This study is to reveal the role and mechanisms of artematrolide A on cervical cancer cells, and provide the pharmacological understanding of artematrolide A. PURPOSE To investigate the function and possible mechanism of artematrolide A on cervical cancer cells in vitro. METHODS HeLa S3 and SiHa cells were treated with artematrolide A at various concentrations. In this study, MTT, colony formation, cell migration and invasion, cell cycle analysis, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, western blotting, enzyme activity, and lactate production of artematrolide A were evaluated. RESULTS Artematrolide A inhibited cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner, caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, and induced cell apoptosis via Bcl-2/PARP-1. The mechanism of action of artematrolide A included two aspects: artematrolide A suppressed cell proliferation by activating ROS/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway and promoted glucose metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC) via inhibiting the activity of alkaline phosphatases (ALP). CONCLUSION Artematrolide A exhibited a significant cytotoxic activity on cervical cancer cells, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by activating ROS/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway and promoting metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration, which suggested artematrolide A might be a potential agent for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Iftikhar F, Khan MBN, Musharraf SG. Monoterpenes as therapeutic candidates to induce fetal hemoglobin synthesis and up-regulation of gamma-globin gene: An in vitro and in vivo investigation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173700. [PMID: 33137331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologically induced production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a pragmatic therapeutic strategy for the reduction of globin chain imbalance and improving the clinical severities of patients with β-hemoglobinopathies. To identify highly desirable new therapeutic HbF-inducing agents, we screened functionally diverse ten monoterpenes, as molecular entities for their potent induction and erythroid differentiation ability in human erythroleukemia cell line (K562) and transgenic mice. Benzidine hemoglobin staining demonstrated six compounds to have significantly induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. This induction paralleled well with the optimal accumulated quantity of total hemoglobin in treated cultures. The cytotoxic studies revealed that three (carvacrol, 3-carene, and 1,4-cineole) of the six compounds with their maximal erythroid expansion ability did not affect cell proliferation and were found non-toxic. Four compounds were found to have high potency, with 4-8-fold induction of HbF at both transcriptional and protein levels in vitro. Subsequently, an in vivo study with the three active non-cytotoxic compounds showed significant overexpression of the γ-globin gene and HbF production. Carvacrol emerged as a lead HbF regulator suggested by the increase in expression of γ-globin mRNA content (5.762 ± 0.54-fold in K562 cells and 5.59 ± 0.20-fold increase in transgenic mice), accompanied by an increase in fetal hemoglobin (F-cells) levels (83.47% in K562 cells and 79.6% in mice model). This study implicates monoterpenes as new HbF inducing candidates but warrants mechanistic elucidation to develop them into potential therapeutic drugs in β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Iftikhar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Behroz Naeem Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Curlat S. Recent Studies of (+)-3-Carene Transformations with the Retention of the Native Framework. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2019. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2019.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Baron EP. Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis, and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science. Headache 2019; 58:1139-1186. [PMID: 30152161 DOI: 10.1111/head.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive literature reviews of historical perspectives and evidence supporting cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of pain, including migraine and headache, with associated neurobiological mechanisms of pain modulation have been well described. Most of the existing literature reports on the cannabinoids Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), or cannabis in general. There are many cannabis strains that vary widely in the composition of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. These components work synergistically to produce wide variations in benefits, side effects, and strain characteristics. Knowledge of the individual medicinal properties of the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids is necessary to cross-breed strains to obtain optimal standardized synergistic compositions. This will enable targeting individual symptoms and/or diseases, including migraine, headache, and pain. OBJECTIVE Review the medical literature for the use of cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of migraine, headache, facial pain, and other chronic pain syndromes, and for supporting evidence of a potential role in combatting the opioid epidemic. Review the medical literature involving major and minor cannabinoids, primary and secondary terpenes, and flavonoids that underlie the synergistic entourage effects of cannabis. Summarize the individual medicinal benefits of these substances, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence for various therapeutic benefits of cannabis/cannabinoids, especially in the treatment of pain, which may also apply to the treatment of migraine and headache. There is also supporting evidence that cannabis may assist in opioid detoxification and weaning, thus making it a potential weapon in battling the opioid epidemic. Cannabis science is a rapidly evolving medical sector and industry with increasingly regulated production standards. Further research is anticipated to optimize breeding of strain-specific synergistic ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phytochemicals for predictable user effects, characteristics, and improved symptom and disease-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Baron
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurological Restoration - Headache and Chronic Pain Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Bagherifar S, Sourestani MM, Zolfaghari M, Mottaghipisheh J, Zomborszki ZP, Csupor D. Chemodiversity of Volatile Oil Contents of Various Parts of 10 Iranian Prangos ferulacea Accessions, With Analysis of Antiradical Potential. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19851985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at assessing the influence of ecological factors on volatile oil content and antiradical potential of Prangos ferulacea. The essential oil (EO) content and composition of different plant parts were also compared. Among 22 identified compounds by gas chromatography (GC) flame ionization detector and GC-mass spectrometry, monoterpene hydrocarbons as the major constituents contributed to 27.6% to 83.4% of the oil deriving from plants growing on the northern steeps of “Gandomkar” region at 2600 m (G.N-2600) and “Male-Amiri” at 2300 m height (MA.N-2300), respectively. Immature seed and leaf samples of “Male-Amiri” with 3.0% ± 0.16% and 0.79% ± 0.03% of EO content represented the samples with the highest and lowest EO yields, respectively. Whereas the EO of the leaves mostly contained δ-3-carene and α-bisabolol, other parts were rich in α- and β-pinene. Extracts of accessions “G.N-2600” (EC50 = 13.11 ± 0.69 μg/mL) and “M.S-2500” (10.55 ± 0.41 mmol TE/g) exhibited the most potent antiradical activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays, respectively. Because of the extensive use of this species in traditional foods and the remarkable bioactivities of α- and β-pinene and δ-3-carene, the EO of the plant can be considered as a valuable raw material in phytopharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soleyman Bagherifar
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Zolfaghari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Hungary
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Nuutinen T. Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:198-228. [PMID: 30096653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabaceae plants Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus L. are rich in terpenes - both are typically comprised of terpenes as up to 3-5% of the dry-mass of the female inflorescence. Terpenes of cannabis and hops are typically simple mono- and sesquiterpenes derived from two and three isoprene units, respectively. Some terpenes are relatively well known for their potential in biomedicine and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, while others are yet to be studied in detail. The current, comprehensive review presents terpenes found in cannabis and hops. Terpenes' medicinal properties are supported by numerous in vitro, animal and clinical trials and show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticancer, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, antibiotic and anti-diabetic attributes, among others. Because of the very low toxicity, these terpenes are already widely used as food additives and in cosmetic products. Thus, they have been proven safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Nuutinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Univerisity of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland; Department of Physics and Mathematics, UEF, Finland.
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Chemical composition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from red chilli seeds (Capsicum frutescens L.). JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Russo EB, Marcu J. Cannabis Pharmacology: The Usual Suspects and a Few Promising Leads. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 80:67-134. [PMID: 28826544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The golden age of cannabis pharmacology began in the 1960s as Raphael Mechoulam and his colleagues in Israel isolated and synthesized cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, and other phytocannabinoids. Initially, THC garnered most research interest with sporadic attention to cannabidiol, which has only rekindled in the last 15 years through a demonstration of its remarkably versatile pharmacology and synergy with THC. Gradually a cognizance of the potential of other phytocannabinoids has developed. Contemporaneous assessment of cannabis pharmacology must be even far more inclusive. Medical and recreational consumers alike have long believed in unique attributes of certain cannabis chemovars despite their similarity in cannabinoid profiles. This has focused additional research on the pharmacological contributions of mono- and sesquiterpenoids to the effects of cannabis flower preparations. Investigation reveals these aromatic compounds to contribute modulatory and therapeutic roles in the cannabis entourage far beyond expectations considering their modest concentrations in the plant. Synergistic relationships of the terpenoids to cannabinoids will be highlighted and include many complementary roles to boost therapeutic efficacy in treatment of pain, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and numerous other areas. Additional parts of the cannabis plant provide a wide and distinct variety of other compounds of pharmacological interest, including the triterpenoid friedelin from the roots, canniprene from the fan leaves, cannabisin from seed coats, and cannflavin A from seed sprouts. This chapter will explore the unique attributes of these agents and demonstrate how cannabis may yet fulfil its potential as Mechoulam's professed "pharmacological treasure trove."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahan Marcu
- Americans for Safe Access, Patient Focused Certification, Washington, DC, United States
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Fraternale D, Ricci D, Calcabrini C, Guescini M, Martinelli C, Sestili P. Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils of Aerial Parts and Ripe Fruits of Echinophora spinosa (Apiaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of the essential oils obtained from the flowering aerial parts (APO) and ripe fruits (RFO) of Echinophora spinosa L. (Apiaceae) from central Italy toward human U937 promonocytoid cells were studied; the contribution of each of the major constituents to the whole cytotoxic activity of either APO or RFO was also characterized. The major components of APO were β-phellandrene (34.7%), myristicin (16.5%), p-cymene (16.3%), δ3-carene (12.6%), α-pinene (6.7%) and α-phellandrene (6.2%); those of RFO p-cymene (50.2%), myristicin (15.3%), α-pinene (15.1%) and α-phellandrene (8.1%). Both oils tested were toxic to U937 cells, but RFO was much more cytotoxic: indeed, the IC50 values calculated from the linear regression curves of RFO and APO were 14.5 ± 0.85 and 43.4 ± 2.81 μg/mL, respectively. α-Pinene and α-phellandrene were identified as the most toxically relevant constituents: however, they did not completely account for the toxic effects of genuine APO and RFO. Interestingly, we found that p-cymene, although per se devoid of toxicity within the tested range of concentrations, was capable of significantly sensitizing U937 cells to the cytotoxic activity of α-pinene and α-phellandrene, and that specific mixtures of these three terpenes were as toxic as genuine APO and RFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fraternale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Donata Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
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Silva TM, Miranda RR, Ferraz VP, Pereira MT, de Siqueira EP, Alcântara AF. Changes in the essential oil composition of leaves of Echinodorus macrophyllus exposed to γ-radiation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sabbieti MG, Agas D, Maggi F, Vittori S, Marchetti L. Molecular mediators involved in Ferulago campestris essential oil effects on osteoblast metabolism. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3742-54. [PMID: 21815199 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of the essential oil obtained from fruits of Ferulago campestris (FC) on primary calvarial mouse osteoblasts (COBs). The composition of the oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (78.8-80.3%), with myrcene (33.4-39.7%), α-pinene (22.7-23.0%), and γ-terpinene (8.1-10.9%) as the major components. Owing to their lipophilic properties, these compounds easily cross cell membranes and affect bone cell function by stimulating or inhibiting specific molecular pathways. We demonstrated, for the first time, that FC oil increased osteoblast proliferation by MAP kinase activation; in addition, oils enhanced the protein kinase AKT, which is known to be critical for control of cell survival, also in presence of the MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059, and this effect was accompanied with a down-regulation of pro-apototic molecules such as Bax and caspases. Interestingly, FC oil significantly increased Runx2 (Runx2/Pebp2αA/AML3) and phospho-Smad1/5/8 protein level, the master regulators of osteoblast differentiation, and their nuclear localization. PD98059 pre-treatment further improved Runx2/phospho-Smads up-regulation. Thus, FC oils influence osteoblast metabolism probably using alternative signaling pathways depending also on the maturation stage of the cells. Taken together our data delineate a positive function of FC oil on osteoblast metabolism, suggesting its possible use as a dietetic integrator in the prevention or in the therapy of pathologies due to impaired bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, I-62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
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Nikitina LE, Startseva VA, Artemova NP, Dorofeeva LY, Kuznetsov IV, Lisovskaya SA, Glushko NP, Kutyreva MP. Synthesis and antifungal activity of monoterpenoids of the carane series. Pharm Chem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-012-0699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee SU, Kwak HB, Pi SH, You HK, Byeon SR, Ying Y, Luesch H, Hong J, Kim SH. In Vitro and In Vivo Osteogenic Activity of Largazole. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:248-251. [PMID: 21666868 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their capability of modifying chromatin structure and thereby regulating gene transcription, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been reported to play important roles in osteogenesis and considered a promising potential therapeutic target for bone diseases, including osteoporosis. We showed that the novel marine-derived HDAC inhibitor largazole exhibits in vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity. Largazole significantly induced the expression of ALP and OPN. The osteogenic activity of largazole was mediated through the increased expression of Runx2 and BMPs. Importantly, largazole showed in vivo bone-forming efficacy in the mouse calvarial bone formation assay and the rabbit calvarial bone fracture healing model. The dual action of largazole to stimulate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption would be a useful feature in drug development for bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ui Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Han Bok Kwak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Pi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun You
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Seong Rim Byeon
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yongcheng Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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Shim KS, Lee SU, Ryu SY, Min YK, Kim SH. Corosolic acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation by activating transcription factors and MAP kinases. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1754-8. [PMID: 19441063 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the use of anabolic agents to enhance bone mass has been a source of interest. Previous work by us suggested that corosolic acid (2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid), an active component of banaba leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.), potentially stimulates the differentiation of mouse osteoblasts. Therefore, the present study investigated whether corosolic acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation, and its possible mechanisms of action. At low concentrations (up to 5 microm), corosolic acid significantly stimulated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization without cytotoxicity. Corosolic acid induced NF-kappaB and MAP kinase activity at an early stage of osteoblast differentiation and increased the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 during late-stage osteoblast differentiation. These results suggest that the anabolic effects of corosolic acid upon osteoblast differentiation could result from its activation of transcription factors and MAP kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Shuk Shim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Kim MH, Ryu SY, Choi JS, Min YK, Kim SH. Saurolactam inhibits osteoclast differentiation and stimulates apoptosis of mature osteoclasts. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:618-28. [PMID: 19653230 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) plays a critical role in the differentiation and bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts. Recently, the development of anti-resorptive agents from natural substances has become a subject of interest. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of 222 natural compounds on the RANKL-induced tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP; a marker for osteoclast differentiation) activity and multinucleated osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. We found that saurolactam was one of the compounds inhibiting the RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis; it significantly inhibited the RANKL-induced TRAP activity and formation of multinucleated osteoclasts without any cytotoxicity. Interestingly, saurolactam prevented RANKL-induced activation of MAP kinases and NF-kappaB, and mRNA expression of osteoclast-related genes and transcription factors (c-Fos, Fra-2, and NFATc1). We also observed the inhibitory effect of saurolactam on the differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages into osteoclasts. Furthermore, saurolactam inhibited the bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts with the induction of apoptotic signaling cascade and the inhibition of survival signaling pathways such as c-Src/PI3K/Akt, Ras/ERK, and JNK/c-Jun. In conclusion, although further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanism and biological efficacy of saurolactam in osteoclast-mediated bone disorders, our results demonstrate that saurolactam potentially inhibits osteoclast differentiation by preventing the activation of MAP kinases and transcription factors that consequently affect the regulation of genes required for osteoclastogenesis, and the bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts by inhibiting osteoclast survival-related signaling pathways and triggering the apoptotic signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
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Kim MH, Shim KS, Lee SU, Kim YS, Min YK, Kim SH. Stimulatory effect of undecylenic acid on mouse osteoblast differentiation. Phytother Res 2009; 24:559-64. [PMID: 19777559 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds with bone-forming (or anabolic) activity have been recently focused on in bone research. The present study investigated the effect of undecylenic acid (UA) on osteoblast differentiation in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells and primary mouse calvarial cells. Low concentrations of UA (up to 5 microM) exhibited no cytotoxicity and significantly increased the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase (early differentiation marker of osteoblast) and calcium deposition with the induction of expression of the osteocalcin gene in both cells. Interestingly, at low concentration of UA, the induction of NF-kappaB p65 translocation into nucleus and the up-regulation of AP-1 and NFATc1 transcript levels were also observed, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of UA on osteoblast differentiation could be mediated through the activation of transcription factors. Additionally, although the patterns of UA-induced activation of MAP kinases (JNK and p38) were not completely consistent with the increase of both ALP activity and calcium deposition by UA, MAP kinases might be partially involved in the biological function of UA during the early and late stages of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
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Kim SN, Kim MH, Kim YS, Ryu SY, Min YK, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of (-)-saucerneol on osteoclast differentiation and bone pit formation. Phytother Res 2009; 23:185-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yoon W, Kim S, Oh T, Lee N, Hyun C. Torreya nucifera Essential Oil Inhibits Skin Pathogen Growth and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Effects. INT J PHARMACOL 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2009.37.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Camphoric acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation and induces glutamate receptor expression. Amino Acids 2008; 38:85-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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