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Yang Q, Meng D, Zhang Q, Wang J. Advances in research on the anti-tumor mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1334915. [PMID: 38515577 PMCID: PMC10955345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1334915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The dry root of the soybean plant Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, Astragali Radix (AR) has a long medicinal history. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), the natural macromolecule that exhibits immune regulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and other pharmacological activities, is an important active ingredient extracted from AR. Recently, APS has been increasingly used in cancer therapy owing to its anti-tumor ability as it prevents the progression of prostate, liver, cervical, ovarian, and non-small-cell lung cancer by suppressing tumor cell growth and invasion and enhancing apoptosis. In addition, APS enhances the sensitivity of tumors to antineoplastic agents and improves the body's immunity. This macromolecule has prospects for broad application in tumor therapy through various pathways. In this article, we present the latest progress in the research on the anti-tumor effects of APS and its underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide novel theoretical support and reference for its use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qinyuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Liu J, Yan P, Li Y, Yu J, Huang Y, Bai R, Liu M, Wang N, Liu L, Zhu J, Xiao J, Guo L, Liu G, Zhang F, Yang X, He B, Zeng J, Zeng X. Gut microbiota and serum metabolome reveal the mechanism by which TCM polysaccharides alleviate salpingitis in laying hens challenged by bacteria. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103288. [PMID: 38064885 PMCID: PMC10749910 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of 3 kinds of TCM polysaccharides instead of antibiotics in preventing salpingitis in laying hens. After feeding the laying hens with Lotus leaf polysaccharide, Poria polysaccharide, and Epimedium polysaccharide, mixed bacteria (E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) were used to infect the oviduct to establish an inflammation model. Changes in antioxidant, serum immunity, anti-inflammatory, gut microbiota, and serum metabolites were evaluated. The results showed that the 3 TCM polysaccharides could increase the expression of antioxidant markers SOD, GSH, and CAT, and reduce the accumulation of MDA in the liver; the contents of IgA and IgM in serum were increased. Decreased the mRNA expression of TLR4, NFκB, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL1β, IL6, and IL8, and increased the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL5 in oviduct tissue. 16sRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that the 3 TCM polysaccharides improved the intestinal flora disturbance caused by bacterial infection, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides and Actinobacillus, and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Streptococcus. Metabolomics showed that the 3 TCM polysaccharides could increase the content of metabolites such as 3-hydroxybutyric acid and isobutyl-L-carnitine, and these results could alleviate the further development of salpingitis. In conclusion, the present study has found that using TCM polysaccharides instead of antibiotics was a feasible way to prevent bacterial salpingitis in laying hens, which might make preventing this disease no longer an issue for breeding laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Pupu Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yana Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ruonan Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Man Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Junhao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Guoping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Aobulikasimu N, Zheng D, Guan P, Xu L, Liu B, Li M, Huang X, Han L. The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Isoflavonoids from Radix Astragali in Hepatoprotective Potential against LPS/D-gal-induced Acute Liver Injury. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:385-396. [PMID: 36509104 DOI: 10.1055/a-1953-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA) is an important Traditional Chinese Medicine widely used in the treatment of various diseases, such as pneumonia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, kidney and liver fibrosis. The role of isoflavonoids from RA in the treatment of liver injury remains unclear. The study aimed to explore hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus. Network pharmacological analysis showed that RA had a multi-target regulating effect on alleviating liver injury and inhibiting inflammation through its active ingredients, among which isoflavones were closely related to its key molecular targets. The anti-inflammatory and liver protection effects of isoflavonoids of RA were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and LPS/D-galactosamine (D-gal)-induced acute liver injury mice in vivo. The experimental results showed that methylnissolin (ML) and methylnissolin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (MLG) presented more notable anti-inflammatory effects. Both of them suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo investigation demonstrated that ML markedly meliorated liver injury in LPS/D-gal-induced mice. Western blot results revealed that ML and MLG down-regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via NF-κB signaling pathway. The isoflavonoids, methylnissolin (ML), and methylnissolin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (MLG), play a vital role in the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuerbiye Aobulikasimu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Guan
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglei Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Potential role of plant polysaccharides as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the primary food-producing sectors in the world that ensures human nourishment. However, aqua farmers are facing serious problems due to disease out breaks and development of antimicrobial resistance. Until now, chemical or antibiotic based strategies has been applied to control disease related concern in aquaculture. Frequent usage of antibiotics in feed or usage of disinfectant to overcome the disease may end up with negative impacts to the environment and human. Utilization of plant derived polysaccharides has been drastically increased due to their effective roles and could serve as a best replacement for chemical agents and antibiotics. In addition, plant derived compounds and plant extracts was utilized to improve the immunity, intestinal health and growth performance of aquaculturable organisms. In addition, large number of plant-based polysaccharides was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. Hence, this review aims to highlight the multifunctional properties of plant-based polysaccharides in aquaculture. Moreover, advantages and different concentration of plant polysaccharides as a feed additives in aquaculture sector has been discussed herein.
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Dong H, Cheng GQ, Zhang L, Xia JY, Zhou J, Yuan MM, Zhan JF, Hong Y. Dietary addition of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) in dogs: palatability, blood biochemistry and immunity. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2139263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Dong
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Cheng
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Ying Xia
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Yuan
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Fei Zhan
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Hong
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Tang Z, Huang G. Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113015. [PMID: 35468585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It is an immune promoter and regulator, and has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity and modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods of RAP had been introduced, and the separation and purification methods of RAP were reviewed, and the structure and activity of RAP were highly discussed. Current derivatization of RAP was outlined. Through the above discussion that the yield of crude polysaccharides from Radix astragali by enzyme-assisted extraction was significantly higher than that by other extraction methods, but each extraction method had different extraction effects under certain conditions, and the activity efficiency of RAP was also different. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the extraction method with known better yield for the study of RAP. In addition, the purification and separation of RAP are the key factors affecting the yield and activity of RAP. At the same time, there are still few studies on the derivatiration of Radix astragali polysaccharide, but the researches in this area are very important. RAP also has many important pharmacological effects on human body, but its practical application needs further study. Finally, studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP still need to be carried out by many scholars. This review would provide some help for further researches on various important applications of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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De Seta F, Johnson Z, Stabile G, Martin A, Larsen B. Rational development and evaluation of novel formulations for urinary health. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 269:90-97. [PMID: 34979364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urinary tract infections (UTI) among women form a substantial part of medical practice and both patients and medical professionals have an interest in non-antibiotic treatments and preventative measures. This research provides preliminary data on a multi-functional composition, DAPAD, which explored several biologic activities of relevance to UTI. STUDY DESIGN This formulation included D-mannose, citric acid, three prebiotic compounds, and extracts of dandelion and astragalus. Studies performed employed 4 bacterial strains that have relevance to UTI including E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis. RESULTS Key findings from in vitro studies included: DAPAD at full- and half-strength inhibited growth of all UTI bacteria. Evidence for D-mannose agglutination of E. coli was demonstrated. D-mannose also showed unexpected effects on bacterial membrane integrity with vital staining and modest growth restriction. We did not demonstrate growth inhibition by dandelion or astragalus extracts but the latter showed diminished cytokine elaboration by bladder epithelial cells. CONCLUSION DAPAD is a multifunctional composition that may warrant further development as a UTI treatment or preventive if supported by clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Seta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Institute for Maternal and Child Health- IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Zoe Johnson
- OB/GYN PGY1, Metro Health Hospital, Wyoming, MI, USA
| | - Guglielmo Stabile
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Bryan Larsen
- Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine (Retired), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Gao N, Dou X, Yin T, Yang Y, Yan D, Ma Z, Bi C, Shan A. Tryptophan Promotes Intestinal Immune Defense through Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)-Dependent Metabolic Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13460-13473. [PMID: 34748328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract forms a robust line of defense against invading pathogens through the production of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are crucial molecules of the innate defense system. Tryptophan could modulate intestinal immunity through promoting the expression of AMPs. However, the precise mechanism needs to be further clarified. In this study, we show that treatment with tryptophan for 24 h triggers (p < 0.05) the expression of porcine β-defensin (pBD) 1 (62.67 ± 3.10 pg/mL) and pBD2 (74.41 ± 1.33 pg/mL) in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) though calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-tryptophan metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, tryptophan alleviates (p < 0.05) intestinal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through induction of the defensins and activation of the CaSR-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the activation of CaSR induces the expression of defensins and decreases the levels of IL-1β (75.26 ± 2.74 pg/mL) and TNF-α (449.8 ± 23.31 pg/mL) induced by LPS (p < 0.05). Importantly, tryptophan maintains kynurenine homeostasis through the activation of CaSR during the inflammatory response. To that end, the work identifies a regulatory circuit between CaSR signaling and tryptophan metabolic pathways involved in the tryptophan-trigged AMP expression, which contributes to improving intestinal immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Salehi B, Carneiro JNP, Rocha JE, Coutinho HDM, Morais Braga MFB, Sharifi-Rad J, Semwal P, Painuli S, Moujir LM, de Zarate Machado V, Janakiram S, Anil Kumar NV, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, El Beyrouthy M, Sadaka C. Astragalus species: Insights on its chemical composition toward pharmacological applications. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2445-2476. [PMID: 33325585 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus L. is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The genus is widely used in folk medicine and in dietary supplements, as well as in cosmetics, teas, coffee, vegetable gums, and as forage for animals. The major phytoconstituents of Astragalus species with beneficial properties are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Astragalus extracts and their isolated components exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, including antiaging, antiinfective, cytoprotective, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabesity, and immune-enhancing properties. Considering their proven therapeutic potential, the aim of this work is to give a comprehensive summary of the Astragalus spp. and their active components, in an attempt to provide new insight for further clinical development of these xenobiotics. This is the first review that briefly describes their ethnopharmacology, composition, biological, and toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
| | - Laila Moujir Moujir
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victoria de Zarate Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Shriyaa Janakiram
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carmen Sadaka
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Wang Y, Wang M, Shan A, Feng X. Avian host defense cathelicidins: structure, expression, biological functions, and potential therapeutic applications. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6434-6445. [PMID: 33248558 PMCID: PMC7704953 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDP) are multifunctional effectors of the innate immune system, which has antimicrobial and pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions. Although there is a very sophisticated superposition of adaptive immune systems in vertebrates, this system is still essential. As an important family of HDP, cathelicidins are also known for their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. It has been found in humans and other species, including cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, rabbits, and some kind of fish. Among them, cathelicidins in birds were described for the first time in 2005. This review focuses on the structure, biological activities, expression, and regulation of avian cathelicidin, especially main effects of host defense cathelicidin on potential therapeutic applications. According to the results obtained both in vitro and in vivo, good perspectives have been opened for cathelicidin. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better characterize the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of cathelicidin as novel therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Alarmins and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling in Neuroinflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112350. [PMID: 33114371 PMCID: PMC7693759 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the progression or secondary injury of multiple brain conditions, including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Alarmins, also known as damage-associated molecular patterns, are released in the presence of neuroinflammation and in the acute phase of ischemia. Defensins, cathelicidin, high-mobility group box protein 1, S100 proteins, heat shock proteins, nucleic acids, histones, nucleosomes, and monosodium urate microcrystals are thought to be alarmins. They are released from damaged or dying cells and activate the innate immune system by interacting with pattern recognition receptors. Being principal sterile inflammation triggering agents, alarmins are considered biomarkers and therapeutic targets. They are recognized by host cells and prime the innate immune system toward cell death and distress. In stroke, alarmins act as mediators initiating the inflammatory response after the release from the cellular components of the infarct core and penumbra. Increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation may be involved in the mechanism of stress-induced release of alarmins. Putative crosstalk between the alarmin-associated pathways and JNK signaling seems to be inherently interwoven. This review outlines the role of alarmins/JNK-signaling in cerebral neurovascular inflammation and summarizes the complex response of cells to alarmins. Emerging anti-JNK and anti-alarmin drug treatment strategies are discussed.
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You Q, Li L, Li D, Yang D, Chen L, Chen HP, Liu YP. Meta-Analysis on the Chinese Herbal Formula Xiaoer-Feike Granules as a Complementary Therapy for Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Infections. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:496348. [PMID: 33192498 PMCID: PMC7642815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.496348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past five years the Chinese herbal formula (CHF) medicine, Xiaoer-Feike granules (XFG), has become a widely used adjuvant therapy for acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI). Considering the rapid popularization and application of XFG, and the lack of systematic evidence evaluating its effectiveness and safety in treating ALRI, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis to determine its benefits for patients. Methods This study systematically identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of XFG treatments for ALRI through July 2019 using four English-databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Web of Science) and four Chinese-databases (Sino-med database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database, and the WANFANG database). We then performed a quality assessment and data analysis with Review Manager 5.3.5 and Stata 15.1. Results Twenty-one RCTs involving 3425 patients were randomly divided into an XFG group and a conventional medicine (CM) group. The results showed that the clinical efficacy rate (CER) of the XFG group was significantly higher than that of the CM group (RR=1.17, 95% CI =1.13-1.22, P< 0.00001). In comparison with the CM group, the XFG group had strikingly shortened: resolution time of cough (RTC) (MD = -1.92; 95% CI =-2.33, -1.51, P<0.00001); resolution time of rale (RTR) (MD = -1.68; 95% CI =-2.27, -1.10, P<0.00001); resolution time of fever (RTF) (MD = -1.46; 95% CI =-1.92, -1.00, P<0.00001); resolution time of inflammatory lesions (RTIL) (MD = -2.43, 95% CI =-2.94, -1.93, P< 0.00001); and hospital stays (HS) (MD = -2.26, 95% CI =-3.03, -1.49, P< 0.00001). At the cellular and molecular level, the CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels were significantly improved when CM was complemented with XFG. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the XFG and CM groups in terms of the adverse events (AE) (RR =0.97, 95% CI= 0.61-1.54, P= 0.89). Conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis support the use of XFG in the treatment of ALRI. However, these results should be treated with caution due to the significant heterogeneity and publication bias of existing data. Further well-designed and high-quality RCTs are needed to interrogate the efficacy and safety of XFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang You
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - You-Ping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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Astragalus membranaceus-Derived Anti-Programmed Death-1 Monoclonal Antibodies with Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Effects against Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3415471. [PMID: 32190660 PMCID: PMC7073506 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3415471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APS) components are main ingredients of TCM and have proven efficacy to activate T cells and B cells, enhancing immunity in humans. In this study, elevated cytokine and anti-PD-1 antibody titers were found in mice after immunization with APS. Therefore, phage-display technology was utilized to isolate specific anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies from mice stimulated by APS and to confirm whether the isolated anti-PD-1 antibody could inhibit the interaction of PD-1 with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), resulting in tumor growth inhibition. The isolated single-chain fragment variable (scFv) S12 exhibited the highest binding affinity of 20 nM to PD-1, completed the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, and blocked the effect of PD-L1-induced T cell exhaustion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. In the animal model, the tumor growth inhibition effect after scFv S12 treatment was approximately 48%. However, meaningful synergistic effects were not observed when scFv S12 was used as a cotreatment with ixabepilone. Moreover, this treatment caused a reduction in the number of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor tissue. These experimental results indirectly indicate the ability of APS to induce specific antibodies associated with the immune checkpoint system and the potential benefits for improving immunity in humans.
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14
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Dou X, Gao N, Lan J, Han J, Yang Y, Shan A. TLR2/EGFR Are Two Sensors for pBD3 and pEP2C Induction by Sodium Butyrate Independent of HDAC Inhibition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:512-522. [PMID: 31870150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are vital mucosal defense effectors of the innate immune response. The expression of HDPs is inducible in epithelial cells by potent endogenous inducers. Herein, our results demonstrate that sodium butyrate (NaB) induces the expression of porcine β-defensin-3 (pBD3) and porcine epididymis protein 2 splicing variant C (pEP2C) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, without modifying the production of proinflammatory cytokines, in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC J2). Moreover, NaB promotes toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression. TLR2 silencing inhibits the pBD3 and pEP2C expression induced by NaB but does not abolish the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity of NaB. We found that NaB activated the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Importantly, the degree of cell confluence governs the regulatory responses but does not affect the HDAC activity of NaB. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), but not the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, is vital during the NaB-induced pBD3 and pEP2C regulation process. We also demonstrated that pBD3 overexpression increases interleukin-18 levels. This study showed that NaB simultaneously induces pBD3 and pEP2C via TLR2 and EGFR in IPEC J2 cells without increasing the risk of a harmful inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P.R. China
| | - Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Lan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P.R. China
| | - Junlan Han
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P.R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P.R. China
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15
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Wu J, Ma N, Johnston LJ, Ma X. Dietary Nutrients Mediate Intestinal Host Defense Peptide Expression. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:92-102. [PMID: 31204774 PMCID: PMC7442325 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the shared locus of intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, nutrient digestion and absorption, and microbial survival. The gut in animals faces continuous challenges in communicating with the external environment. Threats from endogenous imbalance and exogenous feeds, especially pathogens, could trigger a disorder of homeostasis, leading to intestinal disease and even systematic disease risk. As a part of the intestinal protective barrier, endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) play multiple beneficial physiological roles in the gut mucosa. Moreover, enhancing endogenous HDPs is being developed as a new strategy for resisting pathogens and commensal microbes, and to maintain intestinal health and reduce antibiotic use. In recent years, multiple nutrients such as branched-chain amino acids, SCFAs, lactose, zinc, and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) have been reported to significantly increase HDP expression. Nutritional intervention has received more attention and is viewed as a promising means to defend against pathogenic infections and intestinal inflammation. The present review focuses on current discoveries surrounding HDP expression and nutritional regulation of mechanisms in the gut. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview, referable tactics, and novel opinions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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16
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Chemical Discrimination of Astragalus mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus Based on Metabolomics Using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS Approach. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224064. [PMID: 31717584 PMCID: PMC6891664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus mongholicus (MG) and Astragalus membranaceus (MJ), both generally known as Huangqi in China, are two perennial herbals widely used in variety diseases. However, there were still some differences in the chemical ingredients between MG and MJ. In this paper, metabolomics combined with the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to contrastively analyze the chemical constituents between MG and MJ. As a result, principal component analysis showed that MG and MJ were separated clearly. A total of 53 chemical markers were successfully identified for the discrimination of MG and MJ. Of them, the contents of 36 components including Astragaloside I~III, Astragaloside IV, Agroastragaloside I, etc. in MJ were significantly higher than those in MG. On the contrary, the contents of 17 other components including coumaric acid, formononetin, sophoricoside, etc. in MG were obviously higher than those in MJ. The results showed that the distinctive constituents in MG and MJ were remarkable, and MJ may own stronger pharmacological activities than MG. In a word, MG and MJ may be treated as two different herbs. This paper demonstrated that metabolomics was a vitally credible technology to rapidly screen the characteristic chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine.
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17
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Liu C, Wang K, Zhuang J, Gao C, Li H, Liu L, Feng F, Zhou C, Yao K, Deng L, Wang L, Li J, Sun C. The Modulatory Properties of Astragalus membranaceus Treatment on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Integrated Pharmacological Method. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1171. [PMID: 31680955 PMCID: PMC6802460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that the natural products of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) can effectively interfere with a variety of cancers, but their mechanism of action on breast cancer remains unclear. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a severely poor prognosis due to its invasive phenotype and lack of biomarker-driven-targeted therapies. In this study, the potential mechanism of the target composition acting on TNBC was explored by integrated pharmacological models and in vitro experiments. Materials and Methods: Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the relational database of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), the drug and target components were initially screened to construct a common network module, and multiattribute analysis was then used to characterize the network and obtain key drug-target information. Furthermore, network topology analysis was used to characterize the betweenness and closeness of key hubs in the network. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the affinity between compounds and targets and obtain accurate combination models. Finally, in vitro experiments verified the key component targets. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, invasion assay, and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess cell viability, invasiveness, and apoptosis, respectively, after Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) intervention. We also performed western blot analysis of key proteins to probe the mechanisms of correlated signaling pathways. Results: We constructed “compound-target” (339 nodes and 695 edges) and “compound-disease” (414 nodes and 6458 edges) networks using interaction data. Topology analysis and molecular docking were used as secondary screens to identify key hubs of the network. Finally, the key component APS and biomarkers PIK3CG, AKT, and BCL2 were identified. The in vitro experimental results confirmed that APS can effectively inhibit TNBC cell activity, reduce invasion, promote apoptosis, and then counteract TNBC symptoms in a dose-dependent manner, most likely by inhibiting the PIK3CG/AKT/BCL2 pathway. Conclusion: This study provides a rational approach to discovering compounds with a polypharmacology-based therapeutic value. Our data established that APS intervenes with TNBC cell invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis via the PIK3CG/AKT/BCL2 pathway and could thus offer a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Liu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kejia Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Chundi Gao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huayao Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Fubin Feng
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Kang Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Laijun Deng
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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18
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Ren Q, Li X, Li Q, Yang H, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhao L, Jiang‐yong S, Meng X, Zhang Y, Shen X. Total flavonoids from sea buckthorn ameliorates lipopolysaccharide/cigarette smoke‐induced airway inflammation. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2102-2117. [PMID: 31209984 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐cuo Ren
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xuan‐hao Li
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Qiu‐yue Li
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hai‐ling Yang
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hong‐ling Wang
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hai Zhang
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Si‐lang Jiang‐yong
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xian‐li Meng
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiao‐fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
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19
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Jiang L, Fang M, Tao R, Yong X, Wu T. Recombinant human interleukin 17A enhances the anti-Candida effect of human oral mucosal epithelial cells by inhibiting Candida albicans growth and inducing antimicrobial peptides secretion. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:320-327. [PMID: 31145494 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans (C albicans) is the most common fungal pathogen causing opportunistic infections. IL17 (IL17A) is a vital mediator of antifungal immunity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human interleukin 17A (rhIL17A) on human oral mucosal epithelial cells (hOMECs) defending against C albicans infection. METHODS Human oral mucosal epithelial cells were divided into four groups: C albicans+ (MOI = 0.1), rhIL17A+ (100 μg/L), rhIL17A + C albicans+ (MOI = 0.1, rhIL17A:100 μg/L) and blank control. Then, C albicans growth was observed after 24 hours. Human beta-2 defensin (hBD-2), S100A8 and LL-37 in supernatants and their mRNAs in cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS In C albicans+ group, C albicans hyphae formation and the death of infected hOMECs were observed. However, in the rhIL17A + C albicans+ group, IL17 inhibited both hypha formation, and C albicans from infecting hOMECs and its further growth. There was no statistical significance in adhesion rates of C albicans to hOMECs. Compared with the control group, the level of hBD-2 mRNA has increased, while hBD-2 and hBD-2 mRNA levels in the rhIL17A + C albicans+ group were the highest. Both hBD-2 and hBD-2 mRNA levels were higher in the rhIL17A+ group than in the C albicans+ group. S100A8 and LL-37 mRNAs have similar trend, and both upregulated after treatment with rhIL17A; however, protein levels were undetectable. CONCLUSION Recombinant human interleukin 17A may inhibit C albicans from infecting hOMECs by affecting the growth and reproduction of C albicans as well as the formation of hyphae. Besides, rhIL17A might induce hBD-2, S100A8 and LL-37 secretion from hOMECs to strengthen their anti-infective ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi, China
| | - Meifei Fang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangzhi Yong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Nanning, China
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20
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Guo Z, Lou Y, Kong M, Luo Q, Liu Z, Wu J. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1463. [PMID: 30909474 PMCID: PMC6470777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Muyan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, China.
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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