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Bouaïcha N, Miles CO, Beach DG, Labidi Z, Djabri A, Benayache NY, Nguyen-Quang T. Structural Diversity, Characterization and Toxicology of Microcystins. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11120714. [PMID: 31817927 PMCID: PMC6950048 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread class of cyanotoxins and the one that has most often been implicated in cyanobacterial toxicosis. One of the main challenges in studying and monitoring MCs is the great structural diversity within the class. The full chemical structure of the first MC was elucidated in the early 1980s and since then, the number of reported structural analogues has grown steadily and continues to do so, thanks largely to advances in analytical methodology. The structures of some of these analogues have been definitively elucidated after chemical isolation using a combination of techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance, amino acid analysis, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Others have only been tentatively identified using liquid chromatography-MS/MS without chemical isolation. An understanding of the structural diversity of MCs, the genetic and environmental controls for this diversity and the impact of structure on toxicity are all essential to the ongoing study of MCs across several scientific disciplines. However, because of the diversity of MCs and the range of approaches that have been taken for characterizing them, comprehensive information on the state of knowledge in each of these areas can be challenging to gather. We have conducted an in-depth review of the literature surrounding the identification and toxicity of known MCs and present here a concise review of these topics. At present, at least 279 MCs have been reported and are tabulated here. Among these, about 20% (55 of 279) appear to be the result of chemical or biochemical transformations of MCs that can occur in the environment or during sample handling and extraction of cyanobacteria, including oxidation products, methyl esters, or post-biosynthetic metabolites. The toxicity of many MCs has also been studied using a range of different approaches and a great deal of variability can be observed between reported toxicities, even for the same congener. This review will help clarify the current state of knowledge on the structural diversity of MCs as a class and the impacts of structure on toxicity, as well as to identify gaps in knowledge that should be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Bouaïcha
- Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (A.D.); (N.Y.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(01)69154990; Fax: +33-(0)169155696
| | - Christopher O. Miles
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (C.O.M.); (D.G.B.)
| | - Daniel G. Beach
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (C.O.M.); (D.G.B.)
| | - Zineb Labidi
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Pollution des Écosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Chadli Bendjedid d’El Taref, 36000 El Taref, Algeria;
| | - Amina Djabri
- Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (A.D.); (N.Y.B.)
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Pollution des Écosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Chadli Bendjedid d’El Taref, 36000 El Taref, Algeria;
| | - Naila Yasmine Benayache
- Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (A.D.); (N.Y.B.)
| | - Tri Nguyen-Quang
- Biofluids and Biosystems Modeling (BBML), Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Road, Truro, B2N 5E3 Nova Scotia, Canada;
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Stewart AK, Strangman WK, Percy A, Wright JLC. The biosynthesis of 15N-labeled microcystins and the comparative MS/MS fragmentation of natural abundance and their 15N-labeled congeners using LC-MS/MS. Toxicon 2018; 144:91-102. [PMID: 29427567 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The global need for accurate and sensitive quantitation of microcystins (MCs) persists as incidents of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms continue to rise and recent research reveals an underestimation of the human health implications of these toxins. An optimal approach for their accurate quantitation relies on the availability of stable isotope-labeled MC standards for use in stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) strategies involving liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Due to the dearth of isotopically labeled MCs, ten different 15N-enriched MCs were biosynthesized from producing cultures and fully characterized. This involved the comparative MS/MS fragmentation of natural abundance or unlabeled metabolites with their 15N-labeled congeners for improved confidence in product ion annotation. These results revealed a series of incorrect annotations described previously in the literature. In this manuscript, the biosynthesis of labeled microcystin is detailed, and their complete analytical characterization for prospective use in targeted SIDA applications, such as routine water testing is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Stewart
- MARBIONC, UNC- Wilmington, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Wendy K Strangman
- MARBIONC, UNC- Wilmington, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Andrew Percy
- Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Department of Applications Development, 3 Highwood Drive, Tewksburg, MA 01876, USA
| | - Jeffrey L C Wright
- MARBIONC, UNC- Wilmington, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA; UNC-Wilmington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
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Ahn S, Magaña AA, Bozarth C, Shepardson J, Morré J, Dreher T, Maier CS. Integrated identification and quantification of cyanobacterial toxins from Pacific Northwest freshwaters by Liquid Chromatography and High-resolution Mass Spectrometry. J MEX CHEM SOC 2018; 62:10.29356/jmcs.v62i2.386. [PMID: 30214641 PMCID: PMC6133267 DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v62i2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of harmful algal blooms in nutrient-rich freshwater bodies has increased world-wide, including in the Pacific Northwest. Some cyanobacterial genera have the potential to produce secondary metabolites that are highly toxic to humans, livestock and wildlife. Reliable methods for the detection of cyanobacterial toxins with high specificity and low limits of detection are in high demand. Here we test a relatively new hybrid high resolution accurate mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry platform (TripleTOF) for the analysis of cyanobacterial toxins in freshwater samples. We developed a new method that allows the quantitative analysis of four commonly observed microcystin congeners (LR, LA, YR, and RR) and anatoxin-a in a 6-min LC run without solid-phase enrichment. Limits of detection for the microcystin congeners (LR, LA, YR, and RR) and anatoxin-a were <5 ng/L (200-fold lower than the guideline value of 1 μg/L as maximum allowable concentration of MC-LR in drinking water). The method was applied for screening freshwaters in the Pacific Northwest during the bloom and post-bloom periods. The use of high resolution mass spectrometry and concomitant high sensitivity detection of specific fragment ions with high mass accuracy provides an integrated approach for the simultaneous identification and quantification of cyanobacterial toxins. The method is sensitive enough for detecting the toxins in single Microcystis colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | | | - Connie Bozarth
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Jonathan Shepardson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Jeffery Morré
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Theo Dreher
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Domínguez-Pérez D, Rodríguez AA, Osorio H, Azevedo J, Castañeda O, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Microcystin-LR Detected in a Low Molecular Weight Fraction from a Crude Extract of Zoanthus sociatus. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E89. [PMID: 28257074 PMCID: PMC5371844 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cnidarian constitutes a great source of bioactive compounds. However, research involving peptides from organisms belonging to the order Zoanthidea has received very little attention, contrasting to the numerous studies of the order Actiniaria, from which hundreds of toxic peptides and proteins have been reported. In this work, we performed a mass spectrometry analysis of a low molecular weight (LMW) fraction previously reported as lethal to mice. The low molecular weight (LMW) fraction was obtained by gel filtration of a Zoanthus sociatus (order Zoanthidea) crude extract with a Sephadex G-50, and then analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) in positive ion reflector mode from m/z 700 to m/z 4000. Afterwards, some of the most intense and representative MS ions were fragmented by MS/MS with no significant results obtained by Protein Pilot protein identification software and the Mascot algorithm search. However, microcystin masses were detected by mass-matching against libraries of non-ribosomal peptide database (NORINE). Subsequent reversed-phase C18 HPLC (in isocratic elution mode) and mass spectrometry analyses corroborated the presence of the cyanotoxin Microcystin-LR (MC-LR). To the best of our knowledge, this finding constitutes the first report of MC-LR in Z. sociatus, and one of the few evidences of such cyanotoxin in cnidarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Domínguez-Pérez
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Armando Alexei Rodríguez
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Peptide Chemistry, Hanover Medical School (MHH), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 31, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hugo Osorio
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olga Castañeda
- Faculty of Biology, University of La Habana, 25 St 455, CP 10400 La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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5
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The evolution of analytical chemistry methods in foodomics. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1428:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rodriguez I, Rodriguez C, Alfonso A, Otero P, Meyer T, Breitenbach U, Botana LM. Toxin profile in samples collected in fresh and brackish water in Germany. Toxicon 2015; 91:35-44. [PMID: 25448386 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of cyanotoxins is an important issue in order to prevent intoxications. In the present paper an Ultra Performance liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry UPLC-MS/MS method was developed in order to simultaneously identify and quantify cylindrospermopsin (CYN), several microcystins (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR) and some anatoxin-a (ATX-a) analogues. By using this new method all these toxins can be quickly separate. In addition the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) can also be separate and therefore misidentifications with ATX-a can be avoided. By using this new method the presence of these toxins was studied in samples collected in several German localizations within the sampling program of the European Project μAqua (Universal microarrays for the evaluation of fresh-water quality based on detection of pathogens and their toxins). In these conditions, several ATX-a analogues, Phe, MC-LR and MC-RR were reported in samples collected.
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Flores C, Caixach J. An integrated strategy for rapid and accurate determination of free and cell-bound microcystins and related peptides in natural blooms by liquid chromatography-electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry using both positive and negative ionization modes. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:76-89. [PMID: 26141269 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An integrated high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) strategy has been developed for rapid and accurate determination of free and cell-bound microcystins (MCs) and related peptides in water blooms. The natural samples (water and algae) were filtered for independent analysis of aqueous and sestonic fractions. These fractions were analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and ESI-Orbitrap-HCD-MS. MALDI, ESI and the study of fragmentation sequences have been provided crucial structural information. The potential of combined positive and negative ionization modes, full scan and fragmentation acquisition modes (TOF/TOF and HCD) by HRMS and high resolution and accurate mass was investigated in order to allow unequivocal determination of MCs. Besides, a reliable quantitation has been possible by HRMS. This composition helped to decrease the probability of false positives and negatives, as alternative to commonly used LC-ESI-MS/MS methods. The analysis was non-target, therefore covered the possibility to analyze all MC analogs concurrently without any pre-selection of target MC. Furthermore, archived data was subjected to retrospective "post-targeted" analysis and a screening of other potential toxins and related peptides as anabaenopeptins in the samples was done. Finally, the MS protocol and identification tools suggested were applied to the analysis of characteristic water blooms from Spanish reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Flores
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory/Organic Pollutants, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Caixach
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory/Organic Pollutants, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Puddick J, Prinsep MR, Wood SA, Cary SC, Hamilton DP, Holland PT. Further characterization of glycine-containing microcystins from the McMurdo dry Valleys of Antarctica. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:493-515. [PMID: 25675414 PMCID: PMC4344637 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7020493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins are hepatotoxic cyclic peptides produced by several cyanobacterial genera worldwide. In 2008, our research group identified eight new glycine-containing microcystin congeners in two hydro-terrestrial mat samples from the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Eastern Antarctica. During the present study, high-resolution mass spectrometry, amino acid analysis and micro-scale thiol derivatization were used to further elucidate their structures. The Antarctic microcystin congeners contained the rare substitution of the position-1 ᴅ-alanine for glycine, as well as the acetyl desmethyl modification of the position-5 Adda moiety (3S-amino-9S-methoxy-2S,6,8S-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4E,6E-dienoic acid). Amino acid analysis was used to determine the stereochemistry of several of the amino acids and conclusively demonstrated the presence of glycine in the microcystins. A recently developed thiol derivatization technique showed that each microcystin contained dehydrobutyrine in position-7 instead of the commonly observed N-methyl dehydroalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7010, New Zealand.
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen Craig Cary
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - David P Hamilton
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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Rivetti C, Gómez-Canela C, Lacorte S, Barata C. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to characterise trace levels of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellate toxins in suspended solids and sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:1451-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Qi Y, Bortoli S, Volmer DA. Detailed study of cyanobacterial microcystins using high performance tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1253-1262. [PMID: 24781456 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MC) are a large group of toxic cyclic peptides, produced by cyanobacteria in eutrophic water systems. Identification of MC variants mostly relies on liquid chromatography (LC) combined with collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry. Deviations from the essential amino acid complement are a common feature of these natural products, which makes the CID analysis more difficult and not always successful. Here, both CID and electron capture dissociation (ECD) were applied in combination with ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to study a cyanobacteria strain isolated from the Salto Grande Reservoir in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, without prior LC separation. CID was shown to be an effective dissociation technique for quickly identifying the MC variants, even those that have previously been difficult to characterize by CID. Moreover, ECD provided even more detailed and complementary information, which enabled us to precisely locate metal binding sites of MCs for the first time. This additional information will be important for environmental chemists to study MC accumulation and production in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Qi
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Bortoli S, Volmer DA. Account: characterization and identification of microcystins by mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:1-19. [PMID: 24881451 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this brief overview, the authors describe mass spectral techniques for the detection and identification of microcystin toxins. Microcystins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. Determination of these toxic compounds and discovery of new variants is very important as they pose a great danger to the human food chain. Cyanobacterial blooms frequently occur in many areas worldwide and have the potential to contaminate the water via cyanotoxin release, especially microcystins. Among the various analytical techniques used for analysis, mass spectrometry has become the most important method as it allows simultaneous quantification and structural characterization of multiple microcystin variants. This brief overview article focuses on mass spectrometry techniques for identification of microcystins, including ionization methods, mass spectral fragmentation routes, profiling techniques, tandem and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as typing of cyanobacterial strains.
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12
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Milman BL, Zhurkovich IK. Tandem mass spectral library of microcystins and related compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813140074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Liu H, Lu X, Deng C, Yan X. Highly sensitive MC-LR detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with magnetic mesoporous silica for fast extraction. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2515-2518. [PMID: 24097408 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanqian Liu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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14
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Ferranti P, Fabbrocino S, Chiaravalle E, Bruno M, Basile A, Serpe L, Gallo P. Profiling microcystin contamination in a water reservoir by MALDI-TOF and liquid chromatography coupled to Q/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Rodrigues M, Reis M, Mateus M. Liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization ion trap MS2 mass spectrometry application for the determination of microcystins occurrence in Southern Portugal water reservoirs. Toxicon 2013; 74:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Kleinteich J, Wood SA, Puddick J, Schleheck D, Küpper FC, Dietrich D. Potent toxins in Arctic environments – Presence of saxitoxins and an unusual microcystin variant in Arctic freshwater ecosystems. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:423-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Dixit RB, Suseela MR. Cyanobacteria: potential candidates for drug discovery. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 103:947-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-9898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Emami K, Askari V, Ullrich M, Mohinudeen K, Anil AC, Khandeparker L, Burgess JG, Mesbahi E. Characterization of bacteria in ballast water using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38515. [PMID: 22685576 PMCID: PMC3369924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate a rapid and cost-effective method for monitoring bacteria in ballast water, several marine bacterial isolates were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Since International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations are concerned with the unintended transportation of pathogenic bacteria through ballast water, emphasis was placed on detecting species of Vibrio, enterococci and coliforms. Seawater samples collected from the North Sea were incubated in steel ballast tanks and the presence of potentially harmful species of Pseudomonas was also investigated. At the genus-level, the identification of thirty six isolates using MALDI-TOF MS produced similar results to those obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No pathogenic species were detected either by 16S rRNA gene analysis or by MALDI-TOF MS except for the opportunistically pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, in house software that calculated the correlation coefficient values (CCV) of the mass spectral raw data and their variation was developed and used to allow the rapid and efficient identification of marine bacteria in ballast water for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Emami
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Mil’man BL, Russkikh YV, Nekrasova LV, Zhakovskaya ZA. An approach to the mass spectrometry identification of cyanobacterial peptides. The case of demethylmicrocystin-LR. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811140127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dörr FA, Oliveira-Silva D, Lopes NP, Iglesias J, Volmer DA, Pinto E. Dissociation of deprotonated microcystin variants by collision-induced dissociation following electrospray ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1981-1992. [PMID: 21698681 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MC) are a family of hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by a number of different cyanobacterial species. Considering the recent advances in the characterization of deprotonated peptides by mass spectrometry, the fragmentation behavior of four structurally related microcystin compounds was investigated using collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments on an orbitrap mass spectrometer. It is demonstrated in this study that significant structural information can be obtained from the CID spectra of deprotonated microcystins. A predominant ring-opening reaction at the isoMeAsp residue, as well as two major complementary fragmentation pathways, was observed, reducing the complexity of the product ion spectra in comparison with spectra observed from protonated species. This proposed fragmentation behavior was applied to characterize [Leu(1)]MC-LR from a cyanobacterial cell extract. In conclusion, CID spectra of microcystins in the negative ion mode provide rich structurally informative mass spectra which greatly enhance confidence in structural assignments, in particular when combined with complementary positive ion CID spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Augusto Dörr
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ferranti P, Nasi A, Bruno M, Basile A, Serpe L, Gallo P. A peptidomic approach for monitoring and characterising peptide cyanotoxins produced in Italian lakes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1173-1183. [PMID: 21488115 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwaters has been described all over the world, including most European countries. Blooms of cyanobacteria may produce mixtures of toxic secondary metabolites, called cyanotoxins. Among these, the most studied are microcystins, a group of cyclic heptapeptides, because of their potent hepatotoxicity and activity as tumour promoters. Other peptide cyanotoxins have been described whose structure and toxicity have not been thoroughly studied. Herein we present a peptidomic approach aimed to characterise and quantify the peptide cyanotoxins produced in two Italian lakes, Averno and Albano. The procedure was based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis for rapid detection and profiling of the peptide mixture complexity, combined with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of- flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) which provided unambiguous structural identification of the main compounds, as well as accurate quantitative analysis of microcystins. In the case of Lake Averno, a novel variant of microcystin-RR and two novel anabaenopeptin variants (Anabaenopeptins B(1) and Anabaenopeptin F(1)), presenting homoarginine in place of the commonly found arginine, were detected and characterised. In Lake Albano, the peculiar peptide patterns in different years were compared, as an example of the potentiality of the peptidomic approach for fast screening analysis, prior to fine structural analysis and determination of cyanotoxins, which included six novel aeruginosin variants. This approach allows for wide range monitoring of cyanobacteria blooms, and to collect data for evaluating possible health risks to consumers, through the panel of the compounds produced along different years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Ferranti
- Department of Food Science, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy.
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Neffling MR, Spoof L, Quilliam M, Meriluoto J. LC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS for faster and accurate determination of microcystins and nodularins in serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2433-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Piñeiro C, Cañas B, Carrera M. The role of proteomics in the study of the influence of climate change on seafood products. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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