1
|
Automation System for the Flexible Sample Preparation for Quantification of Δ9-THC-D3, THC-OH and THC-COOH from Serum, Saliva and Urine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the life sciences, automation solutions are primarily established in the field of drug discovery. However, there is also an increasing need for automated solutions in the field of medical diagnostics, e.g., for the determination of vitamins, medication or drug abuse. While the actual metrological determination is highly automated today, the necessary sample preparation processes are still mainly carried out manually. In the laboratory, flexible solutions are required that can be used to determine different target substances in different matrices. A suitable system based on an automated liquid handler was implemented. It has been tested and validated for the determination of three cannabinoid metabolites in blood, urine and saliva. To extract Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-D3 (Δ9-THC-D3), 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-OH) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) from serum, urine and saliva both rapidly and cost-effectively, three sample preparation methods automated with a liquid handling robot are presented in this article, the basic framework of which is an identical SPE method so that they can be quickly exchanged against each other when the matrix is changed. If necessary, the three matrices could also be prepared in parallel. For the sensitive detection of analytes, protein precipitation is used when preparing serum before SPE and basic hydrolysis is used for urine to cleave the glucuronide conjugate. Recoveries of developed methods are >77%. Coefficients of variation are <4%. LODs are below 1 ng/mL and a comparison with the manual process shows a significant cost reduction.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Feng XS. Cannabinoids: Recent Updates on Public Perception, Adverse Reactions, Pharmacokinetics, Pretreatment Methods and Their Analysis Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1197-1222. [PMID: 33557608 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1864718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids (CBDs) have been traditionally used as a folk medicine. Recently, they have been found to exhibit a high pharmacological potential. However, they are addicted and are often abused by drug users, thereby, becoming a threat to public safety. CBDs and their metabolites are usually found in trace levels in plants or in biological matrices and, are therefore not easy to be detected. Advances have been made toward accurately analyzing CBDs in plants or in biological matrices. This review aims at elucidating on the consumption of CBDs as well as its adverse effects and to provide a comprehensive overview of CBD pretreatment and detection methods. Moreover, novel pretreatment methods such as microextraction, Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe and online technology as well as novel analytic methods such as ion-mobility mass spectrometry, application of high resolution mass spectrometry in nontarget screening are summarized. In addition, we discuss and compare the strengths and weaknesses of different methods and suggest their future prospect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shah I, Al-Dabbagh B, Salem AE, Hamid SAA, Muhammad N, Naughton DP. A review of bioanalytical techniques for evaluation of cannabis (Marijuana, weed, Hashish) in human hair. BMC Chem 2019; 13:106. [PMID: 31428743 PMCID: PMC6694587 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis products (marijuana, weed, hashish) are among the most widely abused psychoactive drugs in the world, due to their euphorigenic and anxiolytic properties. Recently, hair analysis is of great interest in analytical, clinical, and forensic sciences due to its non-invasiveness, negligible risk of infection and tampering, facile storage, and a wider window of detection. Hair analysis is now widely accepted as evidence in courts around the world. Hair analysis is very feasible to complement saliva, blood tests, and urinalysis. In this review, we have focused on state of the art in hair analysis of cannabis with particular attention to hair sample preparation for cannabis analysis involving pulverization, extraction and screening techniques followed by confirmatory tests (e.g., GC–MS and LC–MS/MS). We have reviewed the literature for the past 10 years’ period with special emphasis on cannabis quantification using mass spectrometry. The pros and cons of all the published methods have also been discussed along with the prospective future of cannabis analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iltaf Shah
- 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAEU, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bayan Al-Dabbagh
- 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAEU, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Alaa Eldin Salem
- 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAEU, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Saber A A Hamid
- 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAEU, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Neak Muhammad
- 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAEU, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Declan P Naughton
- 2School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mogollón NGS, Quiroz-Moreno CD, Prata PS, de Almeida JR, Cevallos AS, Torres-Guiérrez R, Augusto F. New Advances in Toxicological Forensic Analysis Using Mass Spectrometry Techniques. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:4142527. [PMID: 30228926 PMCID: PMC6136463 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4142527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews mass spectrometry methods in forensic toxicology for the identification and quantification of drugs of abuse in biological fluids, tissues, and synthetic samples, focusing on the methodologies most commonly used; it also discusses new methodologies in screening and target forensic analyses, as well as the evolution of instrumentation in mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noroska Gabriela Salazar Mogollón
- Ikiam-Universidad Regional Amazónica, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paloma Santana Prata
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Augusto
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cristoni S, Dusi G, Brambilla P, Albini A, Conti M, Brambilla M, Bruno A, Di Gaudio F, Ferlin L, Tazzari V, Mengozzi S, Barera S, Sialer C, Trenti T, Cantu M, Rossi Bernardi L, Noonan DM. SANIST: optimization of a technology for compound identification based on the European Union directive with applications in forensic, pharmaceutical and food analyses. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:16-21. [PMID: 27776380 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray Ionization and collision induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry are usually employed to obtain compound identification through a mass spectra match. Different algorithms have been developed for this purpose (for example the nist match algorithm). These approaches compare the tandem mass spectra of the unknown analyte with the tandem mass spectra spectra of known compounds inserted in a database. The compounds are usually identified on the basis of spectral match value associated with a probability of recognition. However, this approach is not usually applied to multiple reaction monitoring transition spectra achieved by means of triple quadrupole apparatus, mainly due to the lack of a transition spectra database. The Surface Activated Chemical Ionization-Electrospray-NIST Bayesian model database search (SANIST) platform has been recently developed for new potential metabolite biomarker discovery, to confirm their identity and to use them for clinical and diagnostic applications. Here, we present an improved version of the SANIST platform that extends its application to forensic, pharmaceutical, and food analysis studies, where the compound identification rules are strict. The European Union (EU) has set directives for compound identification (EU directive 2002/657/EC). We have applied the SANIST method to identification of 11-nor-9-carboxytetrahydro-cannabinol in urine samples (an example of a forensic application), circulating levels of the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus in blood (an example of a pharmaceutical application) and glyphosate in fruit juice (an example of a food analysis application) that meet the EU directive requirements. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guglielmo Dusi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, B. Ubertini, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- CQRC - Quality Control laboratory and Chemical Risk, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnology (DIBIMED), University Hospital Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Tazzari
- Laboratorio Unico AUSL della Romagna, Pievesestina di Cesena, Italy
| | - Silvia Mengozzi
- Laboratorio Unico AUSL della Romagna, Pievesestina di Cesena, Italy
| | - Simone Barera
- I.S.B.-Ion Source & Biotechnologies, Bresso, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos Sialer
- RDI-Ilender pharmaceutical corporation, Lima, Peru
- PACT USS Scientific Technological Park University Señor de Sipan, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | - Marco Cantu
- Bellinzona Hospital, Bellinzona, Swizzerland
| | | | - Douglas M Noonan
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biotechnologies Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Albini A, Briga D, Conti M, Bruno A, Farioli D, Canali S, Sogno I, D'Ambrosio G, Consonni P, Noonan DM. SANIST: a rapid mass spectrometric SACI/ESI data acquisition and elaboration platform for verifying potential candidate biomarkers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1703-1710. [PMID: 26331920 PMCID: PMC5049612 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization/Electrospray Ionization mass spectrometry (SACI/ESI-MS) is a technique with high sensitivity and low noise that allows accurate biomarker discovery studies. We developed a dedicated SACI/ESI software, named SANIST, for both biomarker fingerprint data acquisition and as a diagnostic tool, using prostate cancer (PCa) as the disease of interest. METHODS Liquid chromatography (LC)/SACI/ESI-MS technology was employed to detect a potential biomarker panel for PCa disease prediction. Serum from patients with histologically confirmed or negative prostate biopsies for PCa was employed. The biomarker data (m/z or Thompson value, retention time and extraction mass chromatogram peak area) were stored in an ascii database. SANIST software allowed identification of potential biomarkers. A Bayesian scoring algorithm developed in house allowed sample separation based on comparison with samples in the database. RESULTS Biomarker candidates from the carnitine family were detected at significantly lower levels in patients showing histologically confirmed PCa. Using these biomarkers, the SANIST scoring algorithm allowed separation of patients with PCa from biopsy negative subjects with high accuracy and sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS SANIST was able to rapidly identify and perform a preliminary evaluation of the potential diagnostic efficiency of potential biomarkers for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Albini
- IRCCS - Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova in Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniela Briga
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Farioli
- IRCCS - Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova in Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sara Canali
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sogno
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Consonni
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maternal and neonatal hair and breast milk in the assessment of perinatal exposure to drugs of abuse. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1273-97. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to one or more drugs of abuse can affect the neonate temporarily or permanently. In addition to meconium, the evaluation of perinatal exposure to drugs of abuse has been achieved by testing biological matrices coming from the newborn (neonatal hair) and from the pregnant or nursing mother (maternal hair and breast milk). These matrices have the advantage of noninvasive collection and account for a sizable time window of active and passive exposure. Sensitive and specific analytical methods are required to determine minute amounts of drugs of abuse and metabolites in these matrices. The present manuscript reviews the newest analytical methods developed to detect drugs of abuse as well as ethanol biomarkers in maternal and neonatal hair and breast milk.
Collapse
|
8
|
Identification and quantification of 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid glucuronide (THC-COOH-glu) in hair by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as a potential hair biomarker of cannabis use. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 249:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Vogliardi S, Tucci M, Stocchero G, Ferrara SD, Favretto D. Sample preparation methods for determination of drugs of abuse in hair samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 857:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
10
|
Míguez-Framil M, Cocho JÁ, Tabernero MJ, Bermejo AM, Moreda-Piñeiro A, Bermejo-Barrera P. An improved method for the determination of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol in hair by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Floridia M, Cristoni S. PROSAD: a powerful platform for instrument calibration and quantification. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:536-544. [PMID: 24497292 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is critical need for instrument calibration and correction procedures that can improve the quality of mass spectral quantitative results. Currently, mass spectrometry (MS) technologies suffer from certain biases related to instrumental responses, which tend to restrict its application. To overcome these biases, we developed the PROgressive SAmple Dosage (PROSAD) platform and tested it. METHODS PROSAD, an optimized sample preparation and data analysis method, is used in conjunction with a liquid chromatography (LC)/MS system and a low-voltage ionization source (e.g., no-discharge atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (ND-APCI)). The mass spectrometers used for this report were an HCT Ultra ion trap, a LTQ XL Orbitrap, and a TSQ Vantage triple-stage quadrupole. The PROSAD elaborative system, because of its dedicated mathematical algorithm, provided a dynamic linear calibration check and correction. RESULTS We tested PROSAD using a leucomalachite green-fish homogenate assay. Atrazine in tea matrix samples were also quantified. Better quantification was achieved using PROSAD compared with the classic linear, static calibration procedure in both test cases. CONCLUSIONS PROSAD provides a dynamically optimized calibration curve that affords increased stability, accuracy, and precision for the quantification of MS data.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dulaurent S, Gaulier J, Imbert L, Morla A, Lachâtre G. Simultaneous determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol and 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in hair using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 236:151-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Role of LC-MS/MS in hair testing for the determination of common drugs of abuse and other psychoactive drugs. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1919-38. [PMID: 23905865 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair testing has been used in toxicological investigations for the last two decades, but only recently a remarkable extension of hair analysis to a variety of application fields was observed, besides drug abuse recognition. The dramatic improvements of LC-MS/MS instrumentation make the detection of tiny amounts of almost whatever drug in hair possible, even after single-dose intake. The progresses observed during the last 5 years in the detection of psychoactive substances in hair are reviewed herein. The literature is partitioned according to the target compounds, namely traditional drugs of abuse, new psychoactive substances and pharmaceutical psychoactive substances. The LC-MS/MS methods presented are addressed to determine a single class of drugs, with the primary aim of accurate quantitation, or to perform multiclass analysis, for rapid and effective screening protocols.
Collapse
|
14
|
Recent advances in LC–MS/MS analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites in biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2713-31. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the world. The pharmacological properties of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol also make it a promising molecule in the treatment of different pathologies. Understanding the PKs and PDs of this drug requires the determination of the concentration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and metabolites in biological matrices. For this purpose many analytical methodologies using mass spectrometric detection have been developed. In recent years, LC–MS/MS has become the gold standard in analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites due to the high selectivity and sensitivity, but above all, due to the ability to determine free and conjugate analytes in one run.
Collapse
|
15
|
Conti M, Motta R, Puggioli C, Brambilla P. Surface-activated chemical ionization-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with two-dimensional serial chromatography is a powerful tool for drug stability studies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1231-1236. [PMID: 23650036 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug stability is an important quality-control issue for pharmaceutical and clinical practices. Among the analytical techniques that address this issue, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) can be very useful, especially when assessing the quality of liquid formulations, because it is intrinsically sensitive, selective, and a rapid analytical technique. However, LC/MS suffers from technical drawbacks, e.g., matrix effects, and the production of in-source degradation products, which can limit its usefulness. METHODS To overcome the aforementioned drawbacks associated with LC/MS, we introduce an innovative approach (2D-LC/SACI-ESI-MS/MS) that incorporates two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) in conjunction with an MS system consisting of a surface-activated chemical ionization-electrospray ionization chamber (SACI-ESI), an ion trap MS analyzer, and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS To validate our 2D-LC/SACI-ESI-MS/MS system stability studies were performed on the computerized tomography contrast agents, iohexol, iodixanol, iopamidol, iomeprol, iopromide, and iobitridol, either alone or in binary combination. The matrix effects, in-source analyte degradation, and analytical performance were compared with those obtained using a one-dimensional LC/MS configuration. The accuracy coefficient of variance (CV) = 1-4%, and degradation (loss of water and other chemical moieties) was greatly reduced, attesting to the usefulness of this system for drug stability measurements. CONCLUSIONS Our new approach improves the performance (sensitivity, accuracy, and signal stability) of LC/MS instrumentation for drug stability measurements by reducing signal suppression effects and in-source chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Conti
- Central Laboratory, Department of Haematology, Oncology, and Laboratory Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mercolini L, Mandrioli R, Protti M, Conti M, Serpelloni G, Raggi MA. Monitoring of chronic Cannabis abuse: An LC–MS/MS method for hair analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 76:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Puccio G, Brambilla P, Conti M, Bartolini D, Noonan D, Albini A. Surface-activated chemical ionization-electrospray mass spectrometry in the analysis of urinary thiodiglycolic acid. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:476-480. [PMID: 23280980 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) is a urinary metabolite of the oxazaphosphorine class of chemotherapeutics, in particular of ifosfamide. Ifosfamide metabolism generates chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), a toxic compound associated with neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, urotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. CAA, in turn, interacts with cellular thiol groups leading to GSH depletion, cell death and generation of thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA), as a final product. TDGA is mainly excreted in the urine. The ability to accurately measure TDGA in urine, therefore, will be a useful way of monitoring exposure to ifosfamide during chemotherapy. METHODS TDGA in urine samples was measured with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS) by means of a novel Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization-Electrospray (SACI-ESI) or a classical ESI ion source alone. RESULTS The SACI-ESI and ESI alone based methods for analysis of urinary TDGA were optimized and compared. A strong reduction in matrix effect together with enhanced quantification performances was obtained with the SACI-ESI when compared with ESI. In particular, an increase in quantification precision (from 85 to 95%) and accuracy (from 59 to 90%) were observed, which allowed for optimal detection of TDGA. CONCLUSIONS The LC/SACI-ESI-MS approach provides a very sensitive and quantitative method for the analysis of TDGA. Thanks to the enhancement in sensitivity and matrix effect reduction, the SACI-ESI source enables the use of a relatively low-cost ion-trap mass spectrometer in the analysis of this toxicity biomarker in urine. Due to these characteristics, this approach would constitute an invaluable tool in the clinical laboratory, for measuring TDGA and other toxicity related biomarkers of chemotherapy with proper sensitivity and accuracy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sogno I, Conti M, Consonni P, Noonan DM, Albini A. Surface-activated chemical ionization-electrospray ionization source improves biomarker discovery with mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1213-1218. [PMID: 22499197 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly employed for the discovery of clinical biomarkers. However, due to sensitivity limitations related to in-source ionization yield, many potential biomarkers are not detected by standard mass spectrometers. Therefore, more efficient ion-source technologies are needed to improve MS applications in biomarker discovery. METHODS Among novel ion-source technologies, Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization (SACI), although endowed with high sensitivity linked to its ability to reduce chemical noise in mass spectra, has seen limited application in biomarker discovery to date, due to its selectivity for highly polar compounds. However, in combination with an Electrospray Ionization (ESI) source, SACI selectivity can be enlarged in the range of less polar compounds. To validate the new SACI-ESI approach in biomarker discovery, we applied it to a translational setting in oncology. We performed MS profiles of 101 human serum samples from a male population, aged 40 or older, coming to the clinic for prostate cancer evaluation based on multiple PSA exams, digital rectal examination and echography. The SACI-ESI MS spectra were analyzed and classified with an innovative bioinformatic approach based on the MS-search freeware developed in house. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that the SACI-ESI combination can produce MS spectra with greater sensitivity and lower noise than those obtained with the common ESI alone. We found that the SACI-ESI combination increased the number of detectable compounds and produced better quality of profiles in liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with MS (LC/MS) analysis of human serum samples, improving disease prediction potential. CONCLUSIONS SACI-ESI can facilitate MS-based discovery of potential biomarkers in human serum. Combined with the proposed bioinformatic approach (based on XCMS and NIST data elaboration) for the analysis of the MS spectra obtained, the potential for developing biomarkers with diagnostic capabilities are demonstrated in a prostate cancer diagnosis clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Sogno
- Science and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cristoni S, Zingaro L, Rota C, Cariani E, Trenti T. A system consisting of cation-exchange chromatography, combined surface-activated chemical and electrospray ionization, and ion-trap analysis for the analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in urine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:231-235. [PMID: 22223307 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine has served as a biomarker for oxidative damage to DNA from different types of biological samples, and various techniques have been used to analyze it. In particular, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has been used to identify 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in urine samples. Usually, a triple quadrupole analyzer and multiple reaction monitoring have been employed for its detection. Only a few studies have used a less expensive ion-trap analyzer instead. METHODS We have developed a new liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry procedure that incorporates cation-exchange chromatography in conjunction with surface-activated and electrospray ionization with an ion trap analyzer for the mass spectral step. RESULTS The combination of two ionization sources reduced the matrix effect arising from in-source reactions, thus increasing the sensitivity to levels comparable with those obtained by triple quadrupole analyzers. CONCLUSIONS This new method for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine detection provided increased sensitivity and reduced chemical noise, using a less expensive, stable and accurate mass spectrometric technology.
Collapse
|