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Vejřík L, Vejříková I, Sajdlová Z, Kočvara L, Kolařík T, Bartoň D, Jůza T, Blabolil P, Peterka J, Čech M, Vašek M. A non-lethal stable isotope analysis of valued freshwater predatory fish using blood and fin tissues as alternatives to muscle tissue. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297070. [PMID: 38236915 PMCID: PMC10796030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is widely used to study trophic ecology and food webs in aquatic ecosystems. In the case of fish, muscle tissue is generally preferred for SIA, and the method is lethal in most cases. We tested whether blood and fin clips can be used as non-lethal alternatives to muscle tissue for examining the isotopic composition of two freshwater predatory fish, European catfish (Silurus glanis) and Northern pike (Esox lucius), species of high value for many freshwater systems as well as invasive species in many others. Blood samples from the caudal vein, anal fin clips, and dorsal muscle obtained by biopsy punch were collected from four catfish and pike populations (14-18 individuals per population). Subsequently, these samples were analyzed for δ13C and δ15N. The effects of alternative tissues, study site, and fish body mass on the isotopic offset were investigated. Both species showed a correlation between the isotopic offset and the tissue type, as well as the study site, but no significant relationship with the body mass. The isotopic offsets between tissues were used to calculate the conversion equations. The results demonstrated that both blood and fin clips are suitable and less invasive alternative to muscle in SIA studies focused on European catfish and Northern pike. Blood provided better correspondence to muscle isotope values. However, our results clearly demonstrated that isotopic offsets between tissues vary significantly among populations of the same species. Therefore, obtaining a muscle biopsy from several individuals in any population is advisable to gain initial insights and establish a possible population-specific inter-tissue conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Vejřík
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vejříková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sajdlová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Kočvara
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolařík
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Bartoň
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jůza
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Blabolil
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Peterka
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Čech
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmír Vašek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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2
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Lacombe RJS, Smith ME, Perlman K, Turecki G, Mechawar N, Bazinet RP. Quantitative and carbon isotope ratio analysis of fatty acids isolated from human brain hemispheres. J Neurochem 2023; 164:44-56. [PMID: 36196762 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge surrounding the overall fatty acid profile of the adult human brain has been largely limited to extrapolations from brain regions in which the distribution of fatty acids varies. This is especially problematic when modeling brain fatty acid metabolism, therefore, an updated estimate of whole-brain fatty acid concentration is necessitated. Here, we sought to conduct a comprehensive quantitative analysis of fatty acids from entire well-characterized human brain hemispheres (n = 6) provided by the Douglas-Bell Canada Brain Bank. Additionally, exploratory natural abundance carbon isotope ratio (CIR; δ13 C, 13 C/12 C) analysis was performed to assess the origin of brain fatty acids. Brain fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were quantified by gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection and minor n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid pentafluorobenzyl esters by GC-mass spectrometry. Carbon isotope ratio values of identifiable FAMEs were measured by GC-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Overall, the most abundant fatty acid in the human brain was oleic acid, followed by stearic acid (STA), palmitic acid (PAM), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (ARA). Interestingly, cholesterol as well as saturates including PAM and STA were most enriched in 13 C, while PUFAs including DHA and ARA were most depleted in 13 C. These findings suggest a contribution of endogenous synthesis utilizing dietary sugar substrates rich in 13 C, and a combination of marine, animal, and terrestrial PUFA sources more depleted in 13 C, respectively. These results provide novel insights on cerebral fatty acid origin and concentration, the latter serving as a valuable resource for future modeling of fatty acid metabolism in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Scott Lacombe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie E Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Perlman
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Roberts KN, Lund T, Hayden B, Poesch M. Season and species influence stable isotope ratios between lethally and non-lethally sampled tissues in freshwater fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:229-241. [PMID: 34739138 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The field of stable isotope ecology is moving away from lethal sampling (internal organs and muscle) towards non-lethal sampling (fins, scales and epidermal mucus). Lethally and non-lethally sampled tissues often differ in their stable isotope ratios due to differences in metabolic turnover rate and isotopic routing. If not accounted for when using non-lethal tissues, these differences may result in inaccurate estimates of resource use and trophic position derived from stable isotopes. To address this, the authors tested whether tissue type, season and their interaction influence the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of fishes and whether estimates of species trophic position and resource use are affected by tissue type, season and their interaction. This study developed linear conversion relationships between two fin types and dorsal muscle, accounting for seasonal variation. The authors focused on three common temperate freshwater fishes: northern pike Esox lucius, yellow perch Perca flavescens and lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis. They found that fins were enriched in 13 C and depleted in 15 N compared to muscle in all three species, but the effect of season and the interaction between tissue type and season were species and isotope dependent. The estimates of littoral resource use based on fin isotope ratios were between 13% and 36% greater than those based on muscle across species. Season affected this difference for some species, suggesting the potential importance of using season-specific conversions when working with non-lethal tissues. Fin and muscle stable isotopes produced similar estimates of trophic position for northern pike and yellow perch, but fin-based estimates were 0.2-0.4 trophic positions higher than muscle-based estimates for lake whitefish. The effect of season was negligible for estimates of trophic position in all species. Strong correlations existed between fin and muscle δ13 C and δ15 N values for all three species; thus, linear conversion relationships were developed. The results of this study support the use of non-lethal sampling in stable isotope studies of fishes. The authors suggest that researchers use tissue conversion relationships and account for seasonal variation in these relationships when differences between non-lethal tissues and muscle, and seasonal effects on those differences, are large relative to the scale of isotope values under investigation and/or the trophic discrimination factors under use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karling N Roberts
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Taylor Lund
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian Hayden
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mark Poesch
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Larocque SM, Fisk AT, Johnson TB. Evaluation of muscle lipid extraction and non-lethal fin tissue use for carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope analyses in adult salmonids. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9093. [PMID: 33811404 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chemical lipid extraction or using alternative tissues such as fish fin as opposed to muscle may alter isotopic ratios and influence interpretations of δ13 C, δ15 N, and previously unassessed δ34 S values in stable isotope analyses (SIA). Our objectives were to determine if lipid extraction alters these isotope ratios in muscle, if lipid normalization models can be used for lipid-rich salmonids, and if fin isotope ratios are comparable with those of muscle in adult salmonids. METHODS In six adult salmonid species (n = 106) collected from Lake Ontario, we compared three isotope ratios in lipid-extracted (LE) muscle with bulk muscle, and LE muscle with fin tissue, with paired t-tests and linear regressions. We compared differences between δ13 C values in LE and bulk muscle with predicted values from lipid normalization models and the log-linear model of best fit and determined model efficiency. RESULTS The δ15 N values in LE muscle increased (<1‰) relative to bulk muscle for most salmonids, with relationships nearing 1:1. There were either no differences or strong 1:1 relationships in δ34 S values between species-specific bulk and LE muscle. One lipid normalization model had greater model efficiency (97%) than the model of best fit (94%). Fin had higher δ13 C values than LE muscle while δ15 N trends varied (<1‰); however, both isotope ratios had either no or weak linear relationships with fin and LE muscle within species. The δ34 S values in fin were similar to those in LE muscle and had strong 1:1 relationships across species. CONCLUSIONS We recommend using the lipid normalization model to adjust for δ13 C values in lipid-rich muscle (C:N >3.4). LE muscle could be used without δ15 N or δ34 S adjustments, but the minimal increase in δ15 N values may affect SIA interpretation. With high unexplained variability among adult species in fin-muscle δ13 C and δ15 N relationships, species-specific fin-muscle adjustments are warranted. No fin-muscle tissue adjustment would be required for δ34 S values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Larocque
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Timothy B Johnson
- Glenora Fisheries Station, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, R.R. #4, Picton, Ontario, K0K 2T0, Canada
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Exploring source differences on diet-tissue discrimination factors in the analysis of stable isotope mixing models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15816. [PMID: 32978550 PMCID: PMC7519091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope mixing models are regularly used to provide probabilistic estimates of source contributions to dietary mixtures. Whilst Bayesian implementations of isotope mixing models have become prominent, the use of appropriate diet-tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs) remains as the least resolved aspect. The DTDFs are critical in providing accurate inferences from these models. Using both simulated and laboratory-based experimental data, this study provides conceptual and practical applications of isotope mixing models by exploring the role of DTDFs. The experimental study used Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, a freshwater fish, to explore multi-tissue variations in isotopic incorporation patterns, and to evaluate isotope mixing model outputs based on the experiment- and literature-based DTDFs. Isotope incorporation patterns were variable for both muscle and fin tissues among the consumer groups that fed diet sources with different stable isotope values. Application of literature-based DTDFs in isotope mixing models consistently underestimated the dietary proportions of all single-source consumer groups. In contrast, application of diet-specific DTDFs provided better dietary estimates for single-source consumer groups. Variations in the proportional contributions of the individual sources were, nevertheless, observed for the mixed-source consumer group, which suggests that isotope assimilation of the individual food sources may have been influenced by other underlying physiological processes. This study provides evidence that stable isotope values from different diet sources exhibit large variations as they become incorporated into consumer tissues. This suggests that the application of isotope mixing models requires consideration of several aspects such as diet type and the associated biological processes that may influence DTDFs.
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Intraspecific dietary variation in niche partitioning within a community of ecologically similar snakes. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Winter ER, Nyqvist M, Britton JR. Non-lethal sampling for stable isotope analysis of pike Esox lucius: how mucus, scale and fin tissue compare to muscle. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:956-958. [PMID: 31125118 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis (SIA) was used to examine the isotopic relationships between dorsal muscle and fin, scale and epidermal mucus in pike Esox lucius. δ13 C and δ15 N varied predictably within each tissue pairing, with conversion factors calculated for the surrogate tissues, enabling their application to the non-lethal sampling of E. lucius for SIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Winter
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Marina Nyqvist
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - J Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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Kambikambi MJ, Chakona A, Kadye WT. The influence of diet composition and tissue type on the stable isotope incorporation patterns of a small-bodied southern African minnow Enteromius anoplus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:613-623. [PMID: 30672616 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In trophic ecology, the use of stable isotope data relies on the general understanding of isotope turnover rates and diet-to-tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs). Recent studies on the application of stable isotope data have shown that isotope turnover rates and DTDFs can be influenced by many factors, including diet composition and tissue type. This study investigated the influence of diet composition and tissue type on stable isotope incorporation patterns in a small-bodied African minnow, the chubbyhead barb Enteromius anoplus. METHODS The isotopic incorporation patterns of carbon (δ13 C values) and nitrogen (δ15 N values) into white muscle and caudal fin tissues of the chubbyhead barb were examined using two isotopically different diets. Controlled-diet stable isotope feeding trials using a fishmeal-based diet (diet 1) and a soya-based diet (diet 2) were conducted over a 180-day period for the chubbyhead barb. RESULTS The two diets had contrasting isotopic incorporation patterns: diet 1 was associated with progressively high δ13 C and δ15 N values, whereas diet 2 was associated with progressively low δ13 C and δ15 N values over time for both muscle and fin tissues. The δ13 C turnover rates were similar for both tissues (56 and 61 days), whereas the δ15 N turnover rates differed between fin and muscle tissue in both diets (diet 1 = 4 and 130 days, and diet 2 = 72 and 300 days, respectively). The DTDFs were similar for both tissues in diet 1 (Δ13 C: -3.96 to -2.62‰, Δ15 N: 1.98 to 2.61‰) and diet 2 (Δ13 C: 4.05 to 5.24‰, Δ15 N: 8.45 to 9.69‰). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fin tissue can potentially be used as an alternative for muscle tissue in food web studies with a reasonable level of error. The isotopic turnover rate and DTDFs estimates for E. anoplus, however, require consideration of diet composition because different diets may differ in their isotopic incorporation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda J Kambikambi
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Albert Chakona
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Wilbert T Kadye
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Trophic consequences of an invasive, small-bodied non-native fish, sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus, for native pond fishes. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Hette-Tronquart N, Oberdorff T, Tales E, Zahm A, Belliard J. Biological impacts of local vs. regional land use on a small tributary of the Seine River (France): insights from a food web approach based on stable isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23583-23594. [PMID: 28337627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of the landscape, streams are influenced by land use. Here, we contributed to the understanding of the biological impacts of land use on streams, investigating how landscape effects vary with spatial scales (local vs. regional). We adopted a food web approach integrating both biological structure and functioning, to focus on the overall effect of land use on stream biocœnosis. We selected 17 sites of a small tributary of the Seine River (France) for their contrasted land use, and conducted a natural experiment by sampling three organic matter sources, three macroinvertebrate taxa, and most of the fish community. Using stable isotope analysis, we calculated three food web metrics evaluating two major dimensions of the trophic diversity displayed by the fish community: (i) the diversity of exploited resources and (ii) the trophic level richness. The idea was to examine whether (1) land-use effects varied according to spatial scales, (2) land use affected food webs through an effect on community structure and (3) land use affected food webs through an effect on available resources. Beside an increase in trophic diversity from upstream to downstream, our empirical data showed that food webs were influenced by land use in the riparian corridors (local scale). The effect was complex, and depended on site's position along the upstream-downstream gradient. By contrast, land use in the catchment (regional scale) did not influence stream biocœnosis. At the local scale, community structure was weakly influenced by land use, and thus played a minor role in explaining food web modifications. Our results suggested that the amount of available resources at the base of the food web was partly responsible for food web modifications. In addition, changes in biological functioning (i.e. feeding interactions) can also explain another part of the land-use effect. These results highlight the role played by the riparian corridors as a buffer zone, and advocate that riparian corridor should be at the centre of water management attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Oberdorff
- UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS, IRD, UPS, ENFA, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Evelyne Tales
- Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, F-92761, Antony, France
| | - Amandine Zahm
- Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, F-92761, Antony, France
| | - Jérôme Belliard
- Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, F-92761, Antony, France
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McCloskey M, Yurkowski DJ, Semeniuk CAD. Validating fin tissue as a non-lethal proxy to liver and muscle tissue for stable isotope analysis of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2018; 54:196-208. [PMID: 29092625 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1391242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope ecology typically involves sacrificing the animal to obtain tissues. However, with threatened species or in long-term longitudinal studies, non-lethal sampling techniques should be used. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine if caudal fin tissue could be used as a non-lethal proxy to liver and muscle for stable isotope analysis, and (2) assess the effects of ethanol preservation on δ15N and δ13C in fin tissue of juvenile yellow perch Perca flavescens. The δ13C of caudal fin was not significantly different from liver (t23 = -0.58; p = 0.57), and was more correlated with δ15N in liver (r2 = 0.78) than muscle (r2 = 0.56). Ethanol preservation enriched 15N and 13C for caudal fins, but by using our developed regression models, these changes in δ15N and δ13C can now be corrected. Overall, caudal fin tissue is a more reliable proxy to liver than muscle for δ15N and δ13C in yellow perch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McCloskey
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
| | - David J Yurkowski
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
| | - Christina A D Semeniuk
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
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Hayden B, Tongnunui S, Beamish FWH, Nithirojpakdee P, Cunjak RA. Variation in stable-isotope ratios between fin and muscle tissues can alter assessment of resource use in tropical river fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:574-586. [PMID: 28776705 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen stable-isotope ratios were compared of fin and muscle tissue from 15 fish species collected from seven headwater rivers in eastern and western Thailand. In addition, two-source stable-isotope mixing models were used to derive estimates of each fish's reliance on allochthonous and autochthonous energy based on fin and muscle tissues. Across the dataset, fish fin was enriched in 13 C relative to muscle by c. 1·5‰. Variation in δ15 N between tissues was below statistically significant levels. Estimates of autochthonous resource use calculated from fin tissue were on average 15% greater than those calculated from muscle. Linear mixed-effects models indicated that inter-tissue variation in estimates of resource use was predominantly related to inter-tissue variation in δ13 C. Fish fin is a credible and desirable alternative to tissues such as muscle or liver which require destructive sampling of fishes. Care must be taken, however, when estimating resource use or interpreting previous estimates of resource use derived from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hayden
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - S Tongnunui
- Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - F W H Beamish
- Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - P Nithirojpakdee
- Faculty of Argo-Industrial Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Tawan-Ok Chanthaburi Campus, Chanthaburi 22210, Thailand
| | - R A Cunjak
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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13
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Busst GMA, Britton JR. High variability in stable isotope diet-tissue discrimination factors of two omnivorous freshwater fishes in controlled ex situ conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1060-8. [PMID: 26896544 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.137380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diet-tissue discrimination factors (Δ(13)C and Δ(15)N) are influenced by variables including the tissues being analysed and the taxon of the consumer and its prey. Whilst differences in Δ(13)C and Δ(15)N are apparent between herbivorous and piscivorous fishes, there is less known for omnivorous fishes that consume plant and animal material. Here, the omnivorous cyprinid fishes Barbus barbus and Squalius cephalus were held in tank aquaria and exposed to three diets that varied in their constituents (plant based to fishmeal based) and protein content (13% to 45%). After 100 days and isotopic replacement in fish tissues to 98%, samples of the food items, and dorsal muscle, fin tissue and scales were analysed for δ(13)C and δ(15)N. For both species and all diets, muscle was always enriched in δ(15)N and depleted in δ(13)C compared with fin tissue and scales. Across the different diets, Δ(13)C ranged between 2.0‰ and 5.6‰ and Δ(15)N ranged between 2.0‰ and 6.9‰. The diet based on plant material (20% protein) always resulted in the highest discrimination factors for each tissue, whilst the diet based on fishmeal (45% protein) consistently resulted in the lowest. The discrimination factors produced by non-fish diets were comparatively high compared with values in the literature, but were consistent with general patterns for some herbivorous fishes. These outputs suggest that the diet-tissue discrimination factors of omnivorous fishes will vary considerably between animal and plant prey, and these specific differences need consideration in predictions of their diet composition and trophic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M A Busst
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
| | - J Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
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Hayden B, Soto DX, Jardine TD, Graham BS, Cunjak RA, Romakkaniemi A, Linnansaari T. Small Tails Tell Tall Tales--Intra-Individual Variation in the Stable Isotope Values of Fish Fin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145154. [PMID: 26670464 PMCID: PMC4682899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fish fin is a widely used, non-lethal sample material in studies using stable isotopes to assess the ecology of fishes. However, fish fin is composed of two distinct tissues (ray and membrane) which may have different stable isotope values and are not homogeneously distributed within a fin. As such, estimates of the stable isotope values of a fish may vary according to the section of fin sampled. Methods To assess the magnitude of this variation, we analysed carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes of caudal fin from juvenile, riverine stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Individual fins were sub-sectioned into tip, mid and base, of which a further subset were divided into ray and membrane. Findings Isotope variation between fin sections, evident in all four elements, was primarily related to differences between ray and membrane. Base sections were13C depleted relative to tip (~ 1 ‰) with equivalent variation evident between ray and membrane. A similar trend was evident in δ2H, though the degree of variation was far greater (~ 10 ‰). Base and ray sections were 18O enriched (~ 2 ‰) relative to tip and membrane, respectively. Ray and membrane sections displayed longitudinal variation in 15N mirroring that of composite fin (~ 1 ‰), indicating that variation in15N values was likely related to ontogenetic variation. Conclusions To account for the effects of intra-fin variability in stable isotope analyses we suggest that researchers sampling fish fin, in increasing priority, 1) also analyse muscle (or liver) tissue from a subsample of fish to calibrate their data, or 2) standardize sampling by selecting tissue only from the extreme tip of a fin, or 3) homogenize fins prior to analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hayden
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - David X. Soto
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada
- Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tim D. Jardine
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada
- School of Environmental and Sustainability, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brittany S. Graham
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard A. Cunjak
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Tommi Linnansaari
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada
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Veldhoen N, Stevenson MR, Skirrow RC, Rieberger KJ, van Aggelen G, Meays CL, Helbing CC. Minimally invasive transcriptome profiling in salmon: detection of biological response in rainbow trout caudal fin following exposure to environmental chemical contaminants. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 142-143:239-247. [PMID: 24055988 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of anthropogenic chemicals have demonstrated potential for disruption of biological processes critical to normal growth and development of wildlife species. Both anadromous and freshwater salmon species are at risk of exposure to environmental chemical contaminants that may affect migratory behavior, environmental fitness, and reproductive success. A sensitive metric in determination of the presence and impact of such environmental chemical contaminants is through detection of changes in the status of gene transcript levels using a targeted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Ideally, the wildlife assessment strategy would incorporate conservation-centered non-lethal practices. Herein, we describe the development of such an assay for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, following an acute 96 h exposure to increasing concentrations of either 17α-ethinyl estradiol or cadmium. The estrogenic screen included measurement of mRNA encoding estrogen receptor α and β isoforms, vitellogenin, vitelline envelope protein γ, cytochrome p450 family 19 subfamily A, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and the stress indicator, catalase. The metal exposure screen included evaluation of the latter two mRNA transcripts along with those encoding the metallothionein A and B isoforms. Exposure-dependent transcript abundance profiles were detected in both liver and caudal fin supporting the use of the caudal fin as a non-lethally obtained tissue source. The potential for both transcriptome profiling and genotypic sex determination from fin biopsy was extended, in principle, to field-captured Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Veldhoen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
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