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Bressan C, Seró R, Alechaga É, Monfort N, Moyano E, Ventura R. Potential of desorption electrospray ionization and paper spray ionization with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the screening of sports doping agents in urine. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:462-471. [PMID: 36602104 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01687g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, desorption electrospray ionization and paper spray ionization both with high-resolution mass spectrometry (DESI-HRMS and PSI-HRMS) were explored for the fast and direct analysis of stimulants and diuretics in urine samples. The analysis was performed at a resolution of 70 000 FWHM (m/z 200) using a quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer in full scan acquisition mode, detecting stimulants and diuretics in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The most critical parameters affecting the desorption and ionization efficiencies of compounds were optimized, paying particular attention to the optimization of the spray solvent for PSI-HRMS analysis and to the selection of the DESI sample substrate. For stimulants, the PSI-HRMS method performed better than DESI-HRMS, allowing the direct analysis of raw urine samples with better signal-to-noise ratios than DESI. However, results obtained for diuretics were not as satisfactory as we expected. The PSI-HRMS method was applied to the screening of 52 stimulants for doping control purposes, providing satisfactory detectability for most of them at the Minimum Reporting Level (MRL) in less than 2 minutes for each single analysis. Despite the advantages offered by the PSI-HRMS method, in this study is also included a discussion on the limitations observed because of the presence of interference for some compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bressan
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Seró
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Élida Alechaga
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Monfort
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Ventura
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Li X, Chen MM, Su HF, Zhang ML, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Real-Time Sniffing Mass Spectrometry Aided by Venturi Self-Pumping Applicable to Gaseous and Solid Surface Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13719-13727. [PMID: 36173369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on the Venturi self-pumping effect, real-time sniffing with mass spectrometry (R-sniffing MS) is developed as a tool for direct and real-time mass spectrometric analysis of both gaseous and solid samples. It is capable of dual-mode operation in either gaseous or solid phase, with the corresponding techniques termed as Rg-sniffing MS and Rs-sniffing MS, respectively. In its gaseous mode, Rg-sniffing MS is capable of analyzing a gaseous mixture with response time (0.8-2.1 s rise time and 7.3-9.6 s fall time), spatial resolution (<80 μm), three-dimensional diffusion imaging, and aroma distribution imaging of red pepper. In its solid mode, an appropriate solvent droplet desorbs the sample from a solid surface, followed by the aspiration of the mixture using the Venturi self-pumping effect into the mass spectrometer, wherein it is ionized by a standard ion source. Compared with the desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) technique, Rs-sniffing MS demonstrated considerably improved limit of detection (LOD) values for arginine (0.07 μg/cm2 Rs-sniffing vs 1.47 μg/cm2 DESI), thymopentin (0.10 μg/cm2 vs 2.67 μg/cm2), and bacitracin (0.16 μg/cm2 vs 2.28 μg/cm2). Rs-sniffing is applicable for the detection of C60(OCH3)6Cl-, an intermediate in the methoxylation reaction involving C60Cl6 (solid) and methanol (liquid). The convenient and highly sensitive R-sniffing MS has a characteristic separation of desorption from the ionization process, in which the matrix atmosphere of desorption can be interfaced by a pipe channel and self-pumped by the Venturi effect with consequent integration using a standard ion source. The R-sniffing MS operates in a voltage-, heat-, and vibration-free environment, wherein the analyte is ionized by a standard ion source. Consequently, a wide range of samples can be analyzed simultaneously by the R-sniffing MS technique, regardless of their physical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hai-Feng Su
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mei-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Seró R, Ayala-Cabrera J, Santos F, Moyano E. Paper spray-atmospheric pressure photoionization-high resolution mass spectrometry for the direct analysis of neutral fluorinated compounds in waterproof impregnation sprays. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shamai Yamin T, Madmon M, Prihed H, Blanca M, Weissberg A. Oxidative derivatization of V-type nerve agents as a tool for their structural elucidation by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9216. [PMID: 34723419 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The identification of V-type nerve agents poses an analytical challenge. Their spectra obtained by electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) are dominated by ions originating from the N,N-dialkylaminoethyl moiety, while ions representative of the alkyl phosphonothiolate part are absent from the spectra or present at negligible abundance. Hence, analogs or isomers with the same amine residue exhibit similar mass spectral patterns, leading to unavoidable ambiguity in their identification. METHODS Chemical derivatization was utilized for the structural elucidation of a series of five V-type nerve agents, including O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methylalkyl phosphonothiolate (VX), O-isobutyl S-(2-diethylamino)ethyl methylalkyl phosphonothiolate (RVX) and O-ethyl S-(2-diethylamino)ethyl methylalkyl phosphonothiolate (VM). The procedure consisted of "in-vial" oxidation of the tertiary amine group with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) at ambient temperature followed by liquid chromatography (LC)/Orbitrap-ESI-MS/MS analysis with no other sample preparation. RESULTS The generated N-oxide of the V-type nerve agents altered the charge distribution occurring during fragmentation and produced informative ESI-MS/MS spectra characteristic of the alkyl phosphonothiolate structure, enabling a higher degree of certainty in their identification. Moreover, two VX isomers possessing an identical tertiary amine moiety that coeluted at practically the same retention time and displayed high mass spectral similarity were easily differentiated, and their structures elucidated once derivatized. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the ESI-MS/MS spectra of the V-type nerve agents, which exhibited mostly/only information on the amine-containing residue, the ESI-MS/MS spectra of the V-type nerve agent N-oxides revealed ions indicative of both the alkyl phosphonothiolate and the amine parts, enabling their reliable structural elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Shamai Yamin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Prihed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Merav Blanca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avi Weissberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
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Brown HM, McDaniel TJ, Doppalapudi KR, Mulligan CC, Fedick PW. Rapid, in situ detection of chemical warfare agent simulants and hydrolysis products in bulk soils by low-cost 3D-printed cone spray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:3127-3136. [PMID: 33999086 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00255d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are toxic chemicals that have been used as disabling or lethal weapons in war, terrorist attacks, and assasinations. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) has prohibited the use, development, production, and stockpiling of CWAs since its initiation in 1997, however, the threat of deployment still looms. Detection of trace CWAs post-deployment or post-remediation, in bulk matrices such as soil, often requires lengthy sample preparation steps or extensive chromatographic separation times. 3D-printed cone spray ionization (3D-PCSI), an ambient ionization mass spectrometric (MS) technique, provides a rapid, simple, and low-cost method for trace CWA analysis in soil matrices for both in-laboratory and in-field detection. Described here is the utilization of conductive 3D-printed cones to perform both rapid sampling and ionization for CWA simulants and hydrolysis products in eight solid matrices. The analysis of trace quantities of CWA simulants and hydrolysis products by 3D-PCSI-MS coupled to both a commercial benchtop system and a field-portable MS system is detailed. Empirical limits of detection (LOD) for CWA simulants on the benchtop MS ranged from 100 ppt to 750 ppb and were highly dependant on solid matrix composition, with the portable system yielding similar spectral data from alike matrices, albeit with lower sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M Brown
- Chemistry Division, Research Department, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD), United States Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), China Lake, California 93555, USA.
| | - Trevor J McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA.
| | - Karan R Doppalapudi
- Chemistry Division, Research Department, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD), United States Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), China Lake, California 93555, USA.
| | | | - Patrick W Fedick
- Chemistry Division, Research Department, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD), United States Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), China Lake, California 93555, USA.
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Prihed H, Shifrovich A, Shamai Yamin T, Madmon M, Smolkin B, Chen R, Blanca M, Weissberg A. A novel approach for the detection and identification of sulfur mustard using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry based on its selective oxidation to sulfur mustard monoxide with N-iodosuccinimide. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4721. [PMID: 33848030 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new derivatization strategy for the detection and identification of sulfur mustard (HD) via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is developed. The method incorporates selective oxidation of the sulfide group by the electrophilic iodine reagent N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) to produce sulfur mustard monoxide (HDSO). The derivatization reaction efficiencies were evaluated with acetonitrile extracts of soil, asphalt, cloth, Formica, and linoleum spiked with HD at concentrations of 50-5000 pg/ml and found to be similar to that with pure acetonitrile. The current derivatization approach is the first to preserve the identity of chloride groups and support HD regulation and evidentiary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Prihed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Shifrovich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tamar Shamai Yamin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boris Smolkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Merav Blanca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avi Weissberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
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Sarih NM, Romero-Perez D, Bastani B, Rauytanapanit M, Boisdon C, Praneenararat T, Tajuddin HA, Abdullah Z, Badu-Tawiah AK, Maher S. Accelerated nucleophilic substitution reactions of dansyl chloride with aniline under ambient conditions via dual-tip reactive paper spray. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21504. [PMID: 33299034 PMCID: PMC7725966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper spray ionization (PSI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging tool for ambient reaction monitoring via microdroplet reaction acceleration. PSI-MS was used to accelerate and monitor the time course of the reaction of dansyl chloride with aniline, in acetonitrile, to produce dansyl aniline. Three distinct PSI arrangements were explored in this study representing alternative approaches for sample loading and interaction; conventional single tip as well as two novel setups, a dual-tip and a co-axial arrangement were designed so as to limit any on-paper interaction between reagents. The effect on product abundance was investigated using these different paper configurations as it relates to the time course and distance of microdroplet travel. It was observed that product yield increases at a given distance and then decreases thereafter for all PSI configurations. The fluorescent property of the product (dansyl aniline) was used to visually inspect the reaction progress on the paper substrate during the spraying process. Amongst the variety of sample loading methods the novel dual-tip arrangement showed an increased product yield and microdroplet density, whilst avoiding any on-paper interaction between the reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norfatirah Muhamad Sarih
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David Romero-Perez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Behnam Bastani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Monrawat Rauytanapanit
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Cedric Boisdon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Thanit Praneenararat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hairul Anuar Tajuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zanariah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Simon Maher
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK.
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Brown HM, McDaniel TJ, Fedick PW, Mulligan CC. The current role of mass spectrometry in forensics and future prospects. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3974-3997. [PMID: 32720670 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are highly prevalent in crime laboratories, particularly those coupled to chromatographic separations like gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC). These methods are considered "gold standard" analytical techniques for forensic analysis and have been extensively validated for producing prosecutorial evidentiary data. However, factors such as growing evidence backlogs and problematic evidence types (e.g., novel psychoactive substance (NPS) classes) have exposed limitations of these stalwart techniques. This critical review serves to delineate the current role of MS methods across the broad sub-disciplines of forensic science, providing insight on how governmental steering committees guide their implementation. Novel, developing techniques that seek to broaden applicability and enhance performance will also be highlighted, from unique modifications to traditional hyphenated MS methods to the newer "ambient" MS techniques that show promise for forensic analysis, but need further validation before incorporation into routine forensic workflows. This review also expounds on how recent improvements to MS instrumental design, scan modes, and data processing could cause a paradigm shift in how the future forensic practitioner collects and processes target evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M Brown
- Chemistry Division, Research Department, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD), United States Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), China Lake, California 93555, USA.
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Frey BS, Damon DE, Badu-Tawiah AK. Emerging trends in paper spray mass spectrometry: Microsampling, storage, direct analysis, and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:336-370. [PMID: 31491055 PMCID: PMC7875099 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the sensitivity of chemical instrumentation have led to increased interest in the use of microsamples for translational and biomedical research. Paper substrates are by far the most widely used media for biofluid collection, and mass spectrometry is the preferred method of analysis of the resultant dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Although there have been a variety of review papers published on DBS, there has been no attempt to unify the century old DBS methodology with modern applications utilizing modified paper and paper-based microfluidics for sampling, storage, processing, and analysis. This critical review will discuss how mass spectrometry has expanded the utility of paper substrates from sample collection and storage, to direct complex mixture analysis to on-surface reaction monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Determination of free G-type nerve agents in blood: in situ derivatization on a dried blood spot (DBS) paper followed by LC–MS/MS analysis. Forensic Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Blanca M, Shifrovitch A, Madmon M, Elgarisi M, Dachir S, Lazar S, Baranes S, Egoz I, Avraham M, Dekel Jaoui H, Dagan S, Weissberg A. Retrospective determination of regenerated nerve agent sarin in human blood by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and in vivo implementation in rabbit. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:103-111. [PMID: 31720697 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The highly toxic nerve agent sarin (o-isopropyl methyl-phosphonofluoridate, GB) has been used in several armed conflicts and terror attacks in recent decades. Due to its inherent high sensitivity, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has the potential to detect ultratrace levels of fluoride-regenerated G and V agents after appropriate chemical derivatization. A new method for the retrospective determination of exposure to sarin was developed. The method is based on sarin regeneration from blood using the fluoride-induced technique followed by derivatization with 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol (2-DMAMP) and LC-ESI-MS/MS (MRM) analysis. The validated method presents good linear response in the concentration range of 5-1000 pg/mL with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 5 pg/mL, 13.8% accuracy, 16.7% precision and a total recovery of 62% ± 9%. This new analytical approach has several advantages over existing GC/GC-MS-based methods in terms of sensitivity, specificity and simplicity, in addition to a short LC-MS cycle time of 12 min. The method was successfully applied in an in vivo experiment for retrospective determination of sarin in a rabbit exposed to 0.1 LD50 sarin (1.5 µg/kg, i.v.). GB-2-DMAMP was easily determined in samples drawn up to 11 days after exposure. The high S/N ratio (500) observed for the GB-2-DMAMP signal in the 11day sample poses the potential for an extended time frame of months for analysis with this new method for the retrospective detection of sarin exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on LC-MS/MS trace analysis of regenerated GB from biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Blanca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel.
| | - Avital Shifrovitch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Maor Elgarisi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shlomit Dachir
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shlomi Baranes
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Inbal Egoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Meir Avraham
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hani Dekel Jaoui
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shai Dagan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avi Weissberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
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Morato NM, Pirro V, Fedick PW, Cooks RG. Quantitative Swab Touch Spray Mass Spectrometry for Oral Fluid Drug Testing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7450-7457. [PMID: 31074613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M. Morato
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Valentina Pirro
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Patrick W. Fedick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Weissberg A, Elgarisi M, Madmon M, Shifrovich A, Blanca M, Dagan S. Identification of G-nerve agents at picogram levels from complex organic samples containing hydrocarbon interferences by aqueous extraction, followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:274-280. [PMID: 30664819 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chromatograms obtained from the gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometric (GC-EI-MS) analysis of extracts containing G-nerve agents in the presence of diesel, gasoline, etc., are dominated by hydrocarbon backgrounds that "mask" the G-nerve agents, leading to severe difficulties in identification. This paper presents a practical solution for this challenge by transferring the G-nerve agents from the organic phase into the aqueous phase using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), followed by derivatization with 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol (2-DMAMP), allowing ultrasensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the G-derivatives. The proposed approach enables rapid identification of trace amounts of G-nerve agents with limits of identification (LOIs) at the pg/mL scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Weissberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Maor Elgarisi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Shifrovich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Merav Blanca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shai Dagan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
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