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Hasanudin H, Asri WR, Andini L, Riyanti F, Mara A, Hadiah F, Fanani Z. Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38923-38932. [PMID: 36340067 PMCID: PMC9631405 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this preliminary research, the catalytic activity of isopropyl alcohol conversion to diisopropyl ether through dehydration reaction catalyzed by zeolite-Ni and zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 was comparatively described. The natural zeolite was treated with 1% HF and 6 N HCl prior to modifications using the impregnation method. Isopropyl alcohol conversion was examined at a mild temperature of 150 °C for 3.5 h on the reflux system with various catalyst loadings. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of nickel and nickel phosphate into the zeolite. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a cubic-like structure on zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2, whereas homogenously distributed nickel species were observed on the zeolite-Ni catalyst. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis reinforced the accomplishment of zeolite modifications. The N2 physisorption isotherms showed a decline in the surface area and total pore volume of the zeolite because of the blocking of pores. The zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 catalyst had higher acidity than unmodified zeolite and zeolite-Ni catalysts, which inherently suggested that the presence of phosphate groups results in higher catalytic activity toward isopropyl alcohol. The highest catalytic activity was attained by 8 mEq/g metal loading zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 with isopropyl alcohol conversion of 81.51%, diisopropyl ether yield, and selectivity of 40.77 and 33.16%. The reusability study suggested that the zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 catalyst was still active and had sufficient catalytic activity stability toward isopropyl alcohol after the third cycle was reused. This nickel phosphate-based modified zeolite was adequately potential for diisopropyl ether production through isopropyl alcohol dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasanudin Hasanudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- . Phone: +6281367471272
| | - Wan Ryan Asri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Lola Andini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Fahma Riyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Ady Mara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Hadiah
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas
Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
| | - Zainal Fanani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih
Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
- Biofuel Research
Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan 30662, Indonesia
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Catalytic Dehydration of Isopropanol to Propylene. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic dehydration of isopropanol to propylene is a common reaction in laboratories to characterize the acid–base properties of catalysts. When acetone is produced, it is the sign of the presence of basic active sites, while propylene is produced on the acid sites. About 2/3rd of the world production of isopropanol is made from propylene, and the other third is made from acetone hydrogenation. Since the surplus acetone available on the market is mainly a coproduct of phenol synthesis, variations in the demand for phenol affect the supply position of acetone and vice versa. High propylene price and low demand for acetone should revive the industrial interest in acetone conversion. In addition, there is an increasing interest in the production of acetone and isopropanol from CO/CO2 via expected more environmentally friendly biochemical conversion routes. To preserve phenol process economics, surplus acetone should be recycled to propylene via the acetone hydrogenation and isopropanol dehydration routes. Some critical impurities present in petrochemical propylene are avoided in the recycling process. In this review, the selection criteria for the isopropanol dehydration catalysts at commercial scale are derived from the patent literature and analyzed with academic literature. The choice of the process conditions, such as pressure, temperature and gas velocity, and the catalysts’ properties such as pore size and acid–base behavior, are critical factors influencing the purity of propylene. Dehydration of isopropanol under pressure facilitates the downstream separation of products and the isolation of propylene to yield a high-purity “polymer grade”. However, it requires to operate at a higher temperature, which is a challenge for the catalyst’s lifetime; whereas operation at near atmospheric pressure, and eventually in a diluted stream, is relevant for applications that would tolerate a lower propylene purity (chemical grade).
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Tresatayawed A, Glinrun P, Autthanit C, Jongsomjit B. Pd Modification and Supporting Effects on Catalytic Dehydration of Ethanol to Ethylene and Diethyl Ether over W/TiO 2 Catalysts. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:503-515. [PMID: 32378552 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the palladium (Pd) modification and supporting effect of W/TiO2 catalysts on catalytic ethanol dehydration to ethylene and diethyl ether were investigated. The Pd modification with different sequence of Pd and W impregnation on the catalysts was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation technique. The catalyst characterization and activity testing revealed that the different sequence during impregnation influenced the physicochemical properties and ethanol conversion of catalyst. The differences in structure and surface properties were investigated by XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, XPS and NH3-TPD. Upon the reaction temperature between 200 to 400°C, it was found that the conversion increased with increasing of temperature for all catalysts. The Pd incorporated into catalysts enhanced the ethanol conversion depending on the sequence of impregnation. At low temperature (ca. 200 to 300°C), diethyl ether is a major product and the Pd modification over W/TiO2 catalyst resulted in increased diethyl ether yield. This is because an increase of ethanol conversion was obtained with Pd modification, while diethyl ether selectivity did not change. This can be attributed to the higher amount of weak acids sites present after Pd modification into catalyst. Among all catalysts, the PdW/TiO2 catalyst (coimpregnation) achieved the highest diethyl ether yield of 41.4% at 300℃. At high temperature (ca. 350 to 400°C), ethylene is the major product. The W/Pd/TiO2 catalyst (with sequential impregnation of Pd on TiO2 followed by W) exhibited the highest ethylene yield of 68.1% at 400°C. It can be concluded that the modification of Pd onto W/TiO2 upon different sequence of Pd and W impregnation can improve the diethyl ether and ethylene yield in catalytic ethanol dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchale Tresatayawed
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Peangpit Glinrun
- Department of Petrochemicals and Environmental Management, Faculty of Engineering, Pathumwan Institute of Technology
| | - Chaowat Autthanit
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Bunjerd Jongsomjit
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
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Ethanol Dehydration over WO3/TiO2Catalysts Using Titania Derived from Sol-Gel and Solvothermal Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4936292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the catalytic ethanol dehydration to higher value products including ethylene, diethyl ether (DEE), and acetaldehyde. The catalysts used for this reaction were WO3/TiO2catalysts having W loading of 13.5 wt.%. For a comparative study, the TiO2supports employed were varied by two different preparation methods including the sol-gel and solvothermal-derived TiO2supports, denoted as TiO2-SG and TiO2-SV, respectively. It is obvious that the different preparation methods essentially altered the physicochemical properties of TiO2supports. It was found that the TiO2-SV exhibited higher surface area and pore volume and larger amounts of acid sites than those of TiO2-SG. As a consequence, different characteristics of support apparently affected the catalytic properties of WO3/TiO2catalysts. As expected, both catalysts WO3/TiO2-SG and WO3/TiO2-SV exhibited increased ethanol conversion with increasing temperatures from 200 to 400°C. It appeared that the highest ethanol conversion (ca. 88%) at 400°C was achieved by the WO3/TiO2-SV catalysts due to its high acidity. It is worth noting that the presence of WO3onto TiO2-SV yielded a remarkable increase in DEE selectivity (ca. 68%) at 250°C. In summary, WO3/TiO2-SV catalyst is promising to convert ethanol into ethylene and DEE, having the highest ethylene yield of ca. 77% at 400°C and highest DEE yield of ca. 26% at 250°C. These can be attributed to proper pore structure, acidity, and distribution of WO3.
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Pearce BL, Berg NG, Rahn MS, Ivanisevic A. In situ and ex situ functionalization of nanostructured gallium oxy-hydroxide with a porphyrin dye. SCANNING 2016; 38:671-683. [PMID: 26992077 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The surface attachment of a porphyrin dye to nanocrystalline GaOOH was performed using two routes of solution-based functionalization. The first method of functionalization utilized an in situ incorporation of dissolved porphyrin salt in solution during the microwave synthesis step. Additionally, synthesized GaOOH nanorods were mixed in porphyrin solution after the microwave process to make an ex situ GaOOH/TTP-PO-3 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of expected surface species and provided evidence of increased surface coverage of TTP-PO3 on GaOOH in the ex situ- GaOOH/TTP-PO3 as compared to the in situ one. Size and morphology changes were investigated using SEM and, along with analysis of XRD, the in situ samples showed larger crystallite sizes. This was confirmed with PL due to the higher bandgap energy evident in the ex situ GaOOH/TTP-PO3 compared to the in situ sample. A stability study was performed using fluorescence spectroscopy which indicated no leaching of porphyrin from the in situ GaOOH/TTP-PO3 . However, porphyrin leaching was evident from the ex situ GaOOH/TTP-PO3 sample. The stability of the in situ GaOOH/TTP-PO3 makes it attractive for a number of interfacial applications. SCANNING 38:671-683, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady L Pearce
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Nora G Berg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Matthew S Rahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Albena Ivanisevic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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