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Lu X, Zhang F, Zhu L, Peng S, Yan J, Shi Q, Chen K, Chang X, Zhu H, Zhang C, Huang W, Cheng Q. A terahertz meta-sensor array for 2D strain mapping. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3157. [PMID: 38605044 PMCID: PMC11009334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale stretchable strain sensor arrays capable of mapping two-dimensional strain distributions have gained interest for applications as wearable devices and relating to the Internet of Things. However, existing strain sensor arrays are usually unable to achieve accurate directional recognition and experience a trade-off between high sensing resolution and large area detection. Here, based on classical Mie resonance, we report a flexible meta-sensor array that can detect the in-plane direction and magnitude of preloaded strains by referencing a dynamically transmitted terahertz (THz) signal. By building a one-to-one correspondence between the intrinsic electrical/magnetic dipole resonance frequency and the horizontal/perpendicular tension level, arbitrary strain information across the meta-sensor array is accurately detected and quantified using a THz scanning setup. Particularly, with a simple preparation process of micro template-assisted assembly, this meta-sensor array offers ultrahigh sensor density (~11.1 cm-2) and has been seamlessly extended to a record-breaking size (110 × 130 mm2), demonstrating its promise in real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueguang Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiazhen Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiwu Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kefan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongfu Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Wanxia Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Radio Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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2
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Hong S, Park T, Lee J, Ji Y, Walsh J, Yu T, Park JY, Lim J, Benito Alston C, Solorio L, Lee H, Kim YL, Kim DR, Lee CH. Rapid Self-Healing Hydrogel with Ultralow Electrical Hysteresis for Wearable Sensing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:662-673. [PMID: 38300847 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Self-healing hydrogels are in high demand for wearable sensing applications due to their remarkable deformability, high ionic and electrical conductivity, self-adhesiveness to human skin, as well as resilience to both mechanical and electrical damage. However, these hydrogels face challenges such as delayed healing times and unavoidable electrical hysteresis, which limit their practical effectiveness. Here, we introduce a self-healing hydrogel that exhibits exceptionally rapid healing with a recovery time of less than 0.12 s and an ultralow electrical hysteresis of less than 0.64% under cyclic strains of up to 500%. This hydrogel strikes an ideal balance, without notable trade-offs, between properties such as softness, deformability, ionic and electrical conductivity, self-adhesiveness, response and recovery times, durability, overshoot behavior, and resistance to nonaxial deformations such as twisting, bending, and pressing. Owing to this unique combination of features, the hydrogel is highly suitable for long-term, durable use in wearable sensing applications, including monitoring body movements and electrophysiological activities on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokkyoon Hong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Taewoong Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Junsang Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyun Ji
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia Walsh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tianhao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jae Young Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jongcheon Lim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Claudia Benito Alston
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Young L Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dong Rip Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Zhu H, Sun Z, Wang X, Xia H. A High-Performance Strain Sensor for the Detection of Human Motion and Subtle Strain Based on Liquid Metal Microwire. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 38276749 PMCID: PMC10818384 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors have a wide range of applications, such as human motion monitoring, wearable electronic devices, and human-computer interactions, due to their good conformability and sensitive deformation detection. To overcome the internal stress problem of solid sensing materials during deformation and prepare small-sized flexible strain sensors, it is necessary to choose a more suitable sensing material and preparation technology. We report a simple and high-performance flexible strain sensor based on liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs) on a polyimide substrate. The LMNPs were assembled using the femtosecond laser direct writing technology to form liquid metal microwires. A wearable strain sensor from the liquid metal microwire was fabricated with an excellent gauge factor of up to 76.18, a good linearity in a wide sensing range, and a fast response/recovery time of 159 ms/120 ms. Due to these extraordinary strain sensing performances, the strain sensor can monitor facial expressions in real time and detect vocal cord vibrations for speech recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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4
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Xu X, Xue P, Gao M, Li Y, Xu Z, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu H, Cheng B. Assembled one-dimensional nanowires for flexible electronic devices via printing and coating: Techniques, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:102987. [PMID: 37852138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress in flexible electronic devices has necessitated continual research into nanomaterials, structural design, and fabrication processes. One-dimensional nanowires, characterized by their distinct structures and exceptional properties, are considered essential components for various flexible electronic devices. Considerable attention has been directed toward the assembly of nanowires, which presents significant advantages. Printing and coating techniques can be used to assemble nanowires in a relatively simple, efficient, and cost-competitive manner and exhibit potential for scale-up production in the foreseeable future. This review aims to provide an overview of nanowire assembly using printing and coating techniques, such as bar coating, spray coating, dip coating, blade coating, 3D printing, and so forth. The application of assembled nanowires in flexible electronic devices is subsequently discussed. Finally, further discussion is presented on the potential and challenges of flexible electronic devices based on assembled nanowires via printing and coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Pan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, PR China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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5
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Zhao W, Lin Z, Sun Z, Zhu Z, Lin W, Xu Y, Peng Z, Sun Z, Wang Z. Road Narrow-Inspired Strain Concentration to Wide-Range-Tunable Gauge Factor of Ionic Hydrogel Strain Sensor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303338. [PMID: 37541312 PMCID: PMC10558700 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of stretchable strain sensors in human movement recognition, health monitoring, and soft robotics has attracted wide attention. Compared with traditional electronic conductors, stretchable ionic hydrogels are more attractive to organization-like soft electronic devices yet suffer poor sensitivity due to limited ion conduction modulation caused by their intrinsic soft chain network. This paper proposes a strategy to modulate ion transport behavior by geometry-induced strain concentration to adjust and improve the sensitivity of ionic hydrogel-based strain sensors (IHSS). Inspired by the phenomenon of vehicles slowing down and changing lanes when the road narrows, the strain redistribution of ionic hydrogel is optimized by structural and mechanical parameters to produce a strain-induced resistance boost. As a result, the gauge factor of the IHSS is continuously tunable from 1.31 to 9.21 in the strain range of 0-100%, which breaks through the theoretical limit of homogeneous strain-distributed ionic hydrogels and ensures a linear electromechanical response simultaneously. Overall, this study offers a universal route to modulate the ion transport behavior of ionic hydrogels mechanically, resulting in a tunable sensitivity for IHSS to better serve different application scenarios, such as health monitoring and human-machine interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhao
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShenzhenShenzhen518172China
| | - Zhuofan Lin
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano SensorsState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for SocietyShenzhen518129China
| | - Zhihao Zhu
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano SensorsState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Waner Lin
- Department of Micro‐Nano ElectronicsSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Yingtian Xu
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShenzhenShenzhen518172China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- Department of Micro‐Nano ElectronicsSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Zhenglong Sun
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShenzhenShenzhen518172China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for SocietyShenzhen518129China
| | - Ziya Wang
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano SensorsState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
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6
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Wang J, Zhang D, Wang D, Xu Z, Zhang H, Chen X, Wang Z, Xia H, Cai H. Efficient Fabrication of TPU/MXene/Tungsten Disulfide Fibers with Ultra-Fast Response for Human Respiratory Pattern Recognition and Disease Diagnosis via Deep Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37946-37956. [PMID: 37523446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Flexible wearable pressure sensors have received increasing attention as the potential application of flexible wearable devices in human health monitoring and artificial intelligence. However, the complex and expensive process of the conductive filler has limited its practical production and application on a large scale to a certain extent. This study presents a kind of piezoresistive sensor by sinking nonwoven fabrics (NWFs) into tungsten disulfide (WS2) and Ti3C2Tx MXene solutions. With the advantages of a simple production process and practicality, it is conducive to the realization of large-scale production. The assembled flexible pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (45.81 kPa-1), wide detection range (0-410 kPa), fast response/recovery time (18/36 ms), and excellent stability and long-term durability (up to 5000 test cycles). Because of the high elastic modulus of MXene and the synergistic effect between WS2 and MXene, the detection range and sensitivity of the piezoresistive pressure sensor are greatly improved, realizing the stable detection of human motion status in all directions. Meanwhile, its high sensitivity at low pressure allows the sensor to accurately detect weak signals such as weak airflow and wrist pulses. In addition, combining the sensor with deep-learning makes it easy to recognize human respiratory patterns with high accuracy, demonstrating its potential impact in the fields of ergonomics and low-cost flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zihu Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Haolin Cai
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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7
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Wibowo AF, Han JW, Kim JH, Prameswati A, Entifar SAN, Park J, Lee J, Kim S, Lim DC, Eom Y, Moon MW, Kim MS, Kim YH. Universal Stretchable Conductive Cellulose/PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Films for Low Hysteresis Multifunctional Stretchable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18134-18143. [PMID: 37006125 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Skin-attachable conductive materials have attracted significant attention for use in wearable devices and physiological monitoring applications. Soft, skin-like conductive films must have excellent mechanical and electrical characteristics with on-skin conformability, stretchability, and robustness to detect body motion and biological signals. In this study, a conductive, stretchable, hydro-biodegradable, and highly robust cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid film is fabricated. Through the synergetic interplay of a conductivity enhancer, nonionic fluorosurfactant, and surface modifier, the mechanical and electrical properties of the stretchable hybrid film are greatly improved. The stretchable cellulose/PEDOT:PSS hybrid film achieves a limited resistance change of only 1.21-fold after 100 stretch-release cycles (30% strain) with exceptionally low hysteresis, demonstrating its great potential as a stretchable electrode for stretchable electronics. In addition, the film shows excellent biodegradability, promising environmental friendliness, and safety benefits. High-performance stretchable cellulose/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films, which have high biocompatibility and sensitivity, are applied to human skin to serve as on-skin multifunctional sensors. The conformally mounted on-skin sensors are capable of continuously monitoring human physiological signals, such as body motions, drinking, respiration rates, vocalization, humidity, and temperature, with high sensitivity, fast responses, and low power consumption (21 μW). The highly conductive hybrid films developed in this study can be integrated as both stretchable electrodes and multifunctional healthcare monitoring sensors. We believe that the highly robust stretchable, conductive, biodegradable, skin-attachable cellulose/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films are worthy candidates as promising soft conductive materials for stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anky Fitrian Wibowo
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Han
- Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajeng Prameswati
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghee Lee
- Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon-daero 797, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon-daero 797, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Eom
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Woon Moon
- Department of Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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8
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Cao W, Luo Y, Dai Y, Wang X, Wu K, Lin H, Rui K, Zhu J. Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Based on a Conductive 3D Sponge Network for Motion Sensing and Human-Machine Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3131-3140. [PMID: 36603144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors have attracted increasing attention owing to their important applications in human activity monitoring, medical diagnosis, and human-machine interaction. However, the rational design of low-cost sensors with desirable properties (e.g., high sensitivity and excellent stability) and extended applications is still a great challenge. Herein, a simple and cost-effective strategy is reported by immersing polyurethane (PU) sponge in graphene oxide solution followed by in situ chemical reduction to construct a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-wrapped PU sponge sensor. Ascribed to the excellent compressive resilience of PU sponge and an electrically conductive RGO layer, the constructed flexible sensor exhibits satisfactory sensing performance with high sensitivity (17.65 kPa-1) in a low-load range (0-3.2 kPa), a wide compression strain range (0-80%), and reliable stability (8000 cycles). In addition, these sensors can be successfully applied to monitor human movements and identify the weight of objects. Through the use of a sensor array integrated with a signal acquisition circuit, the reasonably designed sensors can realize tactile feedback via mapping real-time spatial distribution of pressure in complicated tasks and show potential applications in flexible electronic pianos, electronic skin, and remote real-time control of home electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Dai
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Wu
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Lin
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Kun Rui
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Jixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei230027, P. R. China
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9
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Shen Z, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Li J, Zhou P, Hu F, Rong Y, Lu B, Gu G. High-Stretchability, Ultralow-Hysteresis ConductingPolymer Hydrogel Strain Sensors for Soft Machines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203650. [PMID: 35726439 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Highly stretchable strain sensors based on conducting polymer hydrogel are rapidly emerging as a promising candidate toward diverse wearable skins and sensing devices for soft machines. However, due to the intrinsic limitations of low stretchability and large hysteresis, existing strain sensors cannot fully exploit their potential when used in wearable or robotic systems. Here, a conducting polymer hydrogel strain sensor exhibiting both ultimate strain (300%) and negligible hysteresis (<1.5%) is presented. This is achieved through a unique microphase semiseparated network design by compositing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) nanofibers with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and facile fabrication by combining 3D printing and successive freeze-thawing. The overall superior performances of the strain sensor including stretchability, linearity, cyclic stability, and robustness against mechanical twisting and pressing are systematically characterized. The integration and application of such strain sensor with electronic skins are further demonstrated to measure various physiological signals, identify hand gestures, enable a soft gripper for objection recognition, and remote control of an industrial robot. This work may offer both promising conducting polymer hydrogels with enhanced sensing functionalities and technical platforms toward stretchable electronic skins and intelligent robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Shen
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ningbin Zhang
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peiwei Zhou
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Faqi Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Guoying Gu
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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10
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Kwon JH, Kim YM, Moon HC. Binary Co-Gelator Strategy: Toward Highly Deformable Ionic Conductors for Wearable Ionoskins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32533-32540. [PMID: 35708477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable ionic conductors have been actively developed due to the increasing demand for wearable electrochemical platforms. Herein, we propose a convenient and effective strategy for tailoring the mechanical deformability of ionic conductors. The mixing of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, polymer gelator) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMI][TFSI], ionic liquid) produces mechanically stiff ionic conductors. To reduce the chain entanglement of polymer gelators and induce effective dissipation of applied stresses, flexible poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) with a low glass-transition temperature is additionally doped into the ionic conductor. An extremely stretchable (∼1500%) homogeneous ternary ionic conductor is obtained without a notable change in electrochemical characteristics, unless the content of PBA exceeds the macrophase separation limit of 3 wt %. In addition, the mechanical elasticity (1.8 × 105 Pa) and durability (e.g., recovery ratio of ∼86.3% after 1000 stretching/releasing cycles) of the conductor further support its suitability as a strain sensory platform. In contrast to conventional ionoskins that have to fit the area of target body parts, even a small piece of the ternary ionic conductor successfully monitors human motion over large areas by taking advantage of its superior deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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11
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Stretchable and Conductive Cellulose/Conductive Polymer Composite Films for On-Skin Strain Sensors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15145009. [PMID: 35888475 PMCID: PMC9317044 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Conductive composite materials have attracted considerable interest of researchers for application in stretchable sensors for wearable health monitoring. In this study, highly stretchable and conductive composite films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiopehe):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (CMC-PEDOT:PSS) were fabricated. The composite films achieved excellent electrical and mechanical properties by optimizing the lab-synthesized PEDOT:PSS, dimethyl sulfoxide, and glycerol content in the CMC matrix. The optimized composite film exhibited a small increase of only 1.25-fold in relative resistance under 100% strain. The CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite film exhibited outstanding mechanical properties under cyclic tape attachment/detachment, bending, and stretching/releasing tests. The small changes in the relative resistance of the films under mechanical deformation indicated excellent electrical contacts between the conductive PEDOT:PSS in the CMC matrix, and strong bonding strength between CMC and PEDOT:PSS. We fabricated highly stretchable and conformable on-skin sensors based on conductive and stretchable CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite films, which can sensitively monitor subtle bio-signals and human motions such as respiratory humidity, drinking water, speaking, skin touching, skin wrinkling, and finger bending. Because of the outstanding electrical properties of the films, the on-skin sensors can operate with a low power consumption of only a few microwatts. Our approach paves the way for the realization of low-power-consumption stretchable electronics using highly stretchable CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite films.
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12
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Lee DH, Yang JC, Sim JY, Kang H, Kim HR, Park S. Bending Sensor Based on Controlled Microcracking Regions for Application toward Wearable Electronics and Robotics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31312-31320. [PMID: 35762786 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A soft bending sensor based on the inverse pyramid structure is demonstrated, revealing that it can effectively suppress microcrack formation in designated regions, thus allowing the cracks to open gradually with bending in a controlled manner. Such a feature enabled the bending sensor to simultaneously have a wide dynamic range of bending strain (0.025-5.4%), high gauge factor (∼74), and high linearity (R2 ∼ 0.99). Furthermore, the bending sensor can capture repeated instantaneous changes in strain and various types of vibrations, owing to its fast response time. Moreover, the bending direction can be differentiated with a single layer of the sensor, and using an array of sensors integrated on a glove, object recognition was demonstrated via machine learning. Finally, a self-monitoring proprioceptive ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuator capable of operating in liquid was demonstrated. Such features of our bending sensor will enable a simple and effective way of detecting sophisticated motion, thus potentially advancing wearable healthcare monitoring electronics and enabling proprioceptive soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yong Sim
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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13
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Li W, Wang C, Shao D, Lu L, Cao J, Wang X, Lu J, Yang W. Red carbon dot directed biocrystalline alignment for piezoelectric energy harvesting. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9031-9044. [PMID: 35703451 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, using chitin-derived chitosan, we first demonstrate the luminous carbon dot-directed large-scale biocrystalline piezo-phase alignment. This further significantly facilitates the piezo-energy harvesting of Earth-abundant natural biopolymers. A very small, yet moderate, number of red-emission carbon quantum dots (R-CQDs) allow a highly preferential macroscopic alignment of chitosan based, electrospun hybrid nanofibers and a highly preferential microscopic alignment of internal chitosan piezo-phase crystalline lamellae. Meanwhile, R-CQD hybridized bionanofibers maintain the long-wavelength photoluminescence excitation/emission of encapsulated, monodisperse R-CQDs. The piezoelectric voltage output and piezoelectric current output of hybrid bionanofibers reach up to 125 V cm-3 and 1.5 μA cm-3, respectively. They are more than 5 and 6 times higher than those of the state-of-the-art pristine ones, respectively. Moreover, the proof-of-concept red-emission bionanofibrous piezoelectric nanogenerator shows a highly durable, highly stable, and highly reproducible piezoresponse in over 10 000 continuous load cycles. As a reliable renewable energy source, it demonstrates the fast charging of external capacitors and the direct operation of commercial electronics. In particular, as a self-powered wearable tactile healthcare sensor, it attains ultrahigh mechanosensitivity in sensing a broad range of human biophysiological pressures and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chuanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dingyun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuanlun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Highly Compressible and Sensitive Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Based on MWCNTs/Ti3C2Tx MXene @ Melamine Foam for Human Gesture Monitoring and Recognition. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132225. [PMID: 35808061 PMCID: PMC9268708 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Flexible sensing devices provide a convenient and effective solution for real-time human motion monitoring, but achieving efficient and low-cost assembly of pressure sensors with high performance remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a highly compressible and sensitive flexible foam-shaped piezoresistive pressure sensor was prepared by sequential fixing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and Ti3C2Tx MXene on the skeleton of melamine foam. Due to the porous skeleton of the melamine foam and the extraordinary electrical properties of the conductive fillers, the obtained MWCNTs/Ti3C2Tx MXene @ melamine foam device features high sensitivity of 0.339 kPa−1, a wide working range up to 180 kPa, a desirable response time and excellent cyclic stability. The sensing mechanism of the composite foam device is attributed to the change in the conductive pathways between adjacent porous skeletons. The proposed sensor can be used successfully to monitor human gestures in real-time, such as finger bending and tilting, scrolling the mouse and stretching fingers. By combining with the decision tree algorithm, the sensor can unambiguously classify different Arabic numeral gestures with an average recognition accuracy of 98.9%. Therefore, our fabricated foam-shaped sensor may have great potential as next-generation wearable electronics to accurately acquire and recognize human gesture signals in various practical applications.
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15
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Meng X, Sun T, Liu L, Zhang C, Zhao H, Wang D, Zhang J, Niu S, Han Z, Ren L. Flexible Equivalent Strain Sensor with Ordered Concentric Circular Curved Cracks Inspired by Scorpion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29441-29450. [PMID: 35700417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Slit sensillum, a unique sensing organ on the scorpion's legs, is composed of several cracks with curved shapes. In fact, it is just its particular morphological distribution and structure that endows the scorpions with ultrasensitive sensing capacity. Here, a scorpion-inspired flexible strain sensor with an ordered concentric circular curved crack array (CCA) was designed and fabricated by using an optimized solvent-induced and template transfer combined method. The morphology of the cracks can be effectively controlled by the heating temperature and the lasting time. Instead of the nonuniform stress distribution induced by disordered cracks, ordered concentric circle curved structures are introduced to generate a uniform stress distribution and larger deformation, which can significantly improve the performance of the strain sensor. Thus, the CCA sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (GF ∼ 7878.6), excellent stability (over 16 000 cycles), and fast response time (110 ms). Furthermore, the CCA sensor was demonstrated to be feasible for monitoring human motions and detecting noncontact vibration signals, indicating its great potential in human-health monitoring and vibration signal detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Linpeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Changchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Houqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dakai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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16
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Wang Z, He B, Chen M, Qi M, Liu Y, Xin J, Wei L. Recent progress of fiber-based transistors: materials, structures and applications. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 36637572 PMCID: PMC9756263 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics on fibers or fabrics assembled with electronic functions provide a platform for sensors, displays, circuitry, and computation. These new conceptual devices are human-friendly and programmable, which makes them indispensable for modern electronics. Their unique properties such as being adaptable in daily life, as well as being lightweight and flexible, have enabled many promising applications in robotics, healthcare, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Transistors, one of the fundamental blocks in electronic systems, allow for signal processing and computing. Therefore, study leading to integration of transistors with fabrics has become intensive. Here, several aspects of fiber-based transistors are addressed, including materials, system structures, and their functional devices such as sensory, logical circuitry, memory devices as well as neuromorphic computation. Recently reported advances in development and challenges to realizing fully integrated electronic textile (e-textile) systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bing He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Miao Qi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiwu Xin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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17
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Zhang W, Guo Q, Duan Y, Xu Q, Shang C, Li N, Peng Z. Touchless Sensing Interface Based on the Magneto-Piezoresistive Effect of Magnetic Microstructures with Stacked Conductive Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61422-61433. [PMID: 34905921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Robotics capable of human-like operations need to have electronic skin (e-skin) with not only tactile sensing functions but also proximity perception abilities. Especially, under the current widespread of COVID-19 pandemic, touchless interfaces are highly desirable. Magnetoreception, with inherent specificity for magnetic objects, is an effective approach to construct a non-contact sensing e-skin. In this work, we propose a new touchless sensing mechanism based on the magneto-piezoresistive effect. The substrate of the sensor is made of hierarchically microstructured ferromagnetic polydimethylsiloxane, coated with a three-dimensional (3D) piezoresistive network. The 3D network is constructed by stacked layers of reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes through layer-by-layer deposition. With this integrated design, a magnetic force induced on the ferromagnetic substrate can seamlessly be applied to the piezoresistive layer of the sensor. Because the magnetic force relates strongly to the approaching distance, the position information can be transduced into the resistance change of the piezoresistive network. The flexible proximity sensor exhibits an ultrahigh spatial resolution of 60 μm, a sensitivity of 50.47 cm-1, a wide working range of 6 cm, and a fast response of 10 ms. The repeatable performance of the sensor is shown by over 5000 cycles of approaching-separation test. We also demonstrate successful application of the sensor in 3D positioning and motion tracking settings, which is critical for touchless tactile perception-based human-machine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguan Zhang
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano Sensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qinhua Guo
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano Sensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano Sensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qunhui Xu
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano Sensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano Sensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano Sensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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18
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Pillai S, Upadhyay A, Sayson D, Nguyen BH, Tran SD. Advances in Medical Wearable Biosensors: Design, Fabrication and Materials Strategies in Healthcare Monitoring. Molecules 2021; 27:165. [PMID: 35011400 PMCID: PMC8746599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, wearable biosensors have radically changed our outlook on contemporary medical healthcare monitoring systems. These smart, multiplexed devices allow us to quantify dynamic biological signals in real time through highly sensitive, miniaturized sensing platforms, thereby decentralizing the concept of regular clinical check-ups and diagnosis towards more versatile, remote, and personalized healthcare monitoring. This paradigm shift in healthcare delivery can be attributed to the development of nanomaterials and improvements made to non-invasive biosignal detection systems alongside integrated approaches for multifaceted data acquisition and interpretation. The discovery of new biomarkers and the use of bioaffinity recognition elements like aptamers and peptide arrays combined with the use of newly developed, flexible, and conductive materials that interact with skin surfaces has led to the widespread application of biosensors in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the recent advances made in wearable technology for remote healthcare monitoring. It classifies their development and application in terms of electrochemical, mechanical, and optical modes of transduction and type of material used and discusses the shortcomings accompanying their large-scale fabrication and commercialization. A brief note on the most widely used materials and their improvements in wearable sensor development is outlined along with instructions for the future of medical wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Akshaya Upadhyay
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Darren Sayson
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Bich Hong Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
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19
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Zheng Y, Omar R, Hu Z, Duong T, Wang J, Haick H. Bioinspired Triboelectric Nanosensors for Self-Powered Wearable Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 9:2087-2102. [PMID: 34961316 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sustainable operation of wearable sensors plays an important role in continuous and longtime health monitoring. Conventional batteries, which are bulky and rigid, do not satisfy these requirements and, rather, cause additional economic burdens and environmental problems by regular replacement of power sources. This article provides a review on an alternative solution in the form of self-powered devices that can harvest energy from the surrounding environment to support the operation of the wearable sensor. The Review starts with an introduction of the self-powered triboelectric nanosensors (TENSs) and its two independent modules: the energy harvester and the sensing module. The Review continues with the TENS-related bioinspired designs for wearable applications, while providing a bird's-eye view of their characteristics and applications. The ongoing challenges and prospects for providing personal healthcare with self-powered TENS are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Rawan Omar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Tuan Duong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.,School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang X, Yang W, Zhang H, Xie M, Duan X. PEDOT:PSS: From conductive polymers to sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0006866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wentuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Yang W, Xie M, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhou C, Chang Y, Zhang H, Duan X. Multifunctional Soft Robotic Finger Based on a Nanoscale Flexible Temperature-Pressure Tactile Sensor for Material Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55756-55765. [PMID: 34780161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Robotic hands with tactile perception can perform more advanced and safer operations, such as material recognition. Nanowires with high sensitivity, fast response, and low power consumption are suitable for multifunctional flexible tactile sensors to provide the tactile perception of robotic hands. In this work, we designed a multifunctional soft robotic finger with a built-in nanoscale temperature-pressure tactile sensor for material recognition. The flexible multifunctional tactile sensor integrates a nanowire-based temperature sensor and a conductive sponge pressure sensor to measure the temperature change rate and contact pressure simultaneously. The developed nanoscale temperature and conductive sponge pressure sensor can reach a high sensitivity of 1.196%/°C and 13.29%/kPa, respectively. With this multifunctional tactile sensor, the soft finger can quickly recognize four metals within three contact pressure ranges and 13 materials within a high contact pressure range. By combining tactile information and artificial neural networks, the soft finger can recognize the materials precisely with a high recognition accuracy of 92.7 and 95.9%, respectively. This work proves the application potential of the multifunctional soft robot finger in material recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueyou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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22
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Li Y, Chen Y, Yang Y, Gu JD, Ke K, Yin B, Yang MB. Aligned wave-like elastomer fibers with robust conductive layers via electroless deposition for stretchable electrode applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8801-8808. [PMID: 34633022 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flexible wearable electronics play an important role in the healthcare industry due to their unique skin affinity, portability and breathability. Despite great progress, it still remains a big challenge to facilely fabricate stretchable electrodes with low resistance, excellent stability and a wide tensile range. Here, we propose a handy and time-saving strategy for the fabrication of elastomeric films consisting of wave-like fibers with a robust conductive layer of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) immobilized using polydopamine (PDA) and silicone rubber (SR). To realize better stretchability, electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) mats with oriented nanofibers were treated via ethanol to achieve a wavy structure, which also allowed for the decoration of AgNP precursors on the TPU surface via PDA assisted electroless deposition (ELD). Therefore, the electrodes achieved a stretchability of 120% with high electrical conductivity (486 S cm-1). The films with a reduction time of 30 min showed superior electrical conductivity indicated by a resistance increase of only 100% within 50% strain. The TPU/PDA/AgNP/SR composites with a shorter reduction time of silver precursors could monitor human motions as wearable strain sensors with a wide work strain range (0-98%) and a high sensitivity (with a gauge factor (GF) of up to 81.76) for a strain of 80-98%. Therefore, they are an excellent candidate for potential application in prospective stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Di Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Horev YD, Maity A, Zheng Y, Milyutin Y, Khatib M, Yuan M, Suckeveriene RY, Tang N, Wu W, Haick H. Stretchable and Highly Permeable Nanofibrous Sensors for Detecting Complex Human Body Motion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102488. [PMID: 34423485 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable strain sensors have been attracting special attention in the detection of human posture and activity, as well as for the assessment of physical rehabilitation and kinematics. However, it is a challenge to fabricate stretchable and comfortable-to-wear permeable strain sensors that can provide highly accurate and continuous motion recording while exerting minimal constraints and maintaining low interference with the body. Herein, covalently grafting nanofibrous polyaniline (PANI) onto stretchable elastomer nanomeshes is reported to obtain a freestanding ultrathin (varying from 300 to 10 000 nm) strain sensor that has high gas permeability (10-33 mg h-1 ). The sensor demonstrates a low weight and can be directly laminated onto the dynamic human skin for long periods of time. The sensor, which produces an intimate connection with solid or living objects, has a stable performance with excellent sustainability, linearity, durability, and low hysteresis. It exibits excellent performance for continuous interrogation of complex movements, mimicking muscle activities, and resembling brain activity. This includes a very precise discrimination of bending and twisting stimuli at different angles (1-180°) and speeds (3-18 rpm) and very low exertion of counter-interference. These results imply the utility of this appraoch for advanced developments of robotic e-skins or e-muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehu David Horev
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Arnab Maity
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yana Milyutin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Muhammad Khatib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Ran Yosef Suckeveriene
- Department of Water Industry Engineering, Kinneret Academic College, Zemach, 1513200, Israel
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, China
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24
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Lu HC, Liao YC. Direct Printed Silver Nanowire Strain Sensor for Early Extravasation Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102583. [PMID: 34685021 PMCID: PMC8540525 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we presented a wearable sensor patch for the early detection of extravasation by using a simple, direct printing process. Silver nanowire (AgNW) ink was first formulated to provide necessary rheological properties to print patterns on flexible plastic sheets. By adjusting printing parameters, alignments of AgNWs in the printed patterns were controlled to enhance the resistance change under stretching conditions. A resistive strain-sensing device was then fabricated by printing patterned electrodes on a stretchable film for skin attachment. The designed sensor pattern was able to detect forces from a specific direction from the resistance change. Moreover, the sensor showed excellent sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 100 at 50% strain) and could be printed in small dimensions. Sensors of millimeter size were printed in an array and were used for multiple detection points in a large area to detect extravasation at small volumes (<0.5 mL) at accurate bump location.
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25
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Ultrasensitive strain sensor based on superhydrophobic microcracked conductive Ti 3C 2T x MXene/paper for human-motion monitoring and E-skin. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1849-1857. [PMID: 36654394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of wearable intelligent devices, low-cost wearable strain sensors with high sensitivity and low detection limit are urgently demanded. Meanwhile, sensing stability of sensor in wet or corrosive environments should also be considered in practical applications. Here, superhydrophobic microcracked conductive paper-based strain sensor was fabricated by coating conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene on printing paper via dip-coating process and followed by depositing superhydrophobic candle soot layer on its surface. Owing to the ultrasensitive microcrack structure in the conductive coating layer induced by the mismatch of elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient between conductive coating layer and paper substrate during the drying process, the prepared paper-based strain sensor exhibited a high sensitivity (gauge factor, GF = 17.4) in the strain range of 0-0.6%, ultralow detection limit (0.1% strain) and good fatigue resistance over 1000 cycles towards bending deformation. Interestingly, it was also applicable for torsion deformation detection, showing excellent torsion angle dependent, repeatable and stable sensing performances. Meanwhile, it displayed brilliant waterproof, self-cleaning and corrosion-resistant properties due to the existence of micro/nano-structured and the low surface energy candle soot layer. As a result, the prepared paper-based strain sensor can effectively monitor a series of large-scale and small-scale human motions even under water environment, showing the great promising in practical harsh outdoor environments. Importantly, it also demonstrated good applicability for spatial strain distribution detection of skin upon body movement when assembled into electronic-skin (E-skin). This study will provide great guidance for the design of next generation wearable strain sensor.
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26
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Tang N, Zheng Y, Yuan M, Jin K, Haick H. High-Performance Polyimide-Based Water-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Hydropower Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32106-32114. [PMID: 34223763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are insensitive to ambient humidity, providing a wide range of possibilities for designing stable water-energy-based harvesters and self-powered sensors. However, the wide application of most water-solid TENGs has been limited by low triboelectrification performance. To boost the output performance of water-solid TENGs, a newly structured TENG has been developed by adding a polyimide (PI) as a charge storage intermediate layer between the friction layer and the conducting layer, significantly improving the output performance (1.260 mW), with a 5-fold increase compared to the water-solid TENG without the PI intermediate layer (0.234 mW). This analysis shows that adding an intermediate layer with a high density of electron capture sites to the TENG results in more triboelectric charge being retained, thereby improving the electrical performance of TENG. The electrical performance of TENG is related to the thickness of the PI layer, but this is not a positive correlation. Contact angles and falling heights between the droplet and the device also affect the output performance. Finally, the water-solid PI-TENG we have developed has promise in hydropower harvesting capabilities and can be used to power warning signals on a dark and rainy night to ensure the safety of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Ke Jin
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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27
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Haick H, Tang N. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Sensors for Clinical Decisions. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3557-3567. [PMID: 33620208 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited ability of conventional methods and the limited perspective of human diagnostics, patients are often diagnosed incorrectly or at a late stage as their disease condition progresses. They may then undergo unnecessary treatments due to inaccurate diagnoses. In this Perspective, we offer a brief overview on the integration of nanotechnology-based medical sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) for advanced clinical decision support systems to help decision-makers and healthcare systems improve how they approach information, insights, and the surrounding contexts, as well as to promote the uptake of personalized medicine on an individualized basis. Relying on these milestones, wearable sensing devices could enable interactive and evolving clinical decisions that could be used for evidence-based analysis and recommendations as well as for personalized monitoring of disease progress and treatment. We present and discuss the ongoing challenges and future opportunities associated with AI-enabled medical sensors in clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Haick
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ning Tang
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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28
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Aslanidis E, Skotadis E, Tsoukalas D. Resistive crack-based nanoparticle strain sensors with extreme sensitivity and adjustable gauge factor, made on flexible substrates. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3263-3274. [PMID: 33533788 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the demonstration of highly sensitive flexible strain sensors formed by a network of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) grown under vacuum on top of a cracked thin alumina film which has been deposited by atomic layer deposition. It is shown that the sensor sensitivity depends on the surface density of NPs as well as on the thickness of alumina thin films that can both be well controlled via the deposition techniques. This method allows reaching a record strain sensitivity value of 2.6 × 108 at 7.2% strain, while exhibiting high sensitivity in a large strain range from 0.1% to 7.2%. The demonstration is followed by a discussion enlightening the physical understanding of sensor operation, which enables the tuning of its performance according to the above process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Aslanidis
- Department of Applied Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Skotadis
- Department of Applied Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Applied Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece.
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29
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Liu L, Jiao Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang C, Meng X, Jiang X, Niu S, Han Z, Ren L. Bioinspired, Superhydrophobic, and Paper-Based Strain Sensors for Wearable and Underwater Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1967-1978. [PMID: 33372754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is currently a growing demand for flexible strain sensors with high performance and water repellency for various applications such as human motion monitoring, sweat or humidity detection, and certain underwater tests. Among these strain sensors, paper-based ones have attracted increasing attention because they coincide with the future development trend of environment-friendly electronic products. However, paper-based electronics are easy to fail when they encounter water and are thus unable to be applied to humid or underwater circumstances. Herein, based on a strategy of coupling bionics inspired by lotus leaf and scorpion, which exhibit superhydrophobic characteristics and ultrasensitive vibration-sensing capacity, respectively, a paper-based strain sensor with high sensitivity and water repellency is successfully fabricated. As a result, the strain sensor exhibits a gauge factor of 263.34, a high strain resolution (0.098%), a fast response time (78 ms), excellent stability over 12,000 cycles, and a water contact angle of 164°. Owing to the bioinspired structures and function mechanisms, the paper-based strain sensor is suitable to not only serve as regular wearable electronics to monitor human motions in real-time but also to detect subtle underwater vibrations, demonstrating its great potential for numerous applications like wearable electronics, water environmental protection, and underwater robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhibin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Junqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Changchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiancun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaohu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
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30
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Sarcan F. ZnO nanoparticles-based vacuum pressure sensor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:435502. [PMID: 32634791 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba39d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using the sol-gel technique with an average diameter of 11.5 nm are used to fabricate a vacuum pressure sensor in the range of 1 mbar to 10+3 mbar (low vacuum limit). A drastic increase in the current of the drop-casted ZnO on glass with 30 µm separated Au contacts defined by e-beam lithography is observed. The sensor reveals a linear relationship in current versus pressure in a logarithmic plot. In the range of 1 mbar to 10+3 mbar, the sensor sensitivity is found be 110. Using the resistance-time plot of the vacuum pressure, the rise (response) and fall (recovery) times of the sensor are determined as 6.6 and 15.6 s, respectively. The power consumption of the sensor is 6.5 [Formula: see text]W. The operational parameters of the proposed sensor are found be much better than those of previously reported ZnO nanostructure-based sensors and, indeed, traditional ones. The sensing mechanism of the sensor is explained by the adsorption/desorption of OH- ions from the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles, leaving behind oxygen ions combined with oxygen vacancy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahrettin Sarcan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Chang S, Lee GJ, Song YM. Recent Advances in Vertically Aligned Nanowires for Photonics Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11080726. [PMID: 32722655 PMCID: PMC7465648 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, nanowires have arisen as a centerpiece in various fields of application from electronics to photonics, and, recently, even in bio-devices. Vertically aligned nanowires are a particularly decent example of commercially manufacturable nanostructures with regard to its packing fraction and matured fabrication techniques, which is promising for mass-production and low fabrication cost. Here, we track recent advances in vertically aligned nanowires focused in the area of photonics applications. Begin with the core optical properties in nanowires, this review mainly highlights the photonics applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, spectral filters, structural coloration and artificial retina using vertically aligned nanowires with the essential fabrication methods based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Finally, the remaining challenges will be briefly discussed to provide future directions.
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32
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Ahmad Tarar A, Mohammad U, K. Srivastava S. Wearable Skin Sensors and Their Challenges: A Review of Transdermal, Optical, and Mechanical Sensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10060056. [PMID: 32481598 PMCID: PMC7345448 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wearable technology and mobile healthcare systems are both increasingly popular solutions to traditional healthcare due to their ease of implementation and cost-effectiveness for remote health monitoring. Recent advances in research, especially the miniaturization of sensors, have significantly contributed to commercializing the wearable technology. Most of the traditional commercially available sensors are either mechanical or optical, but nowadays transdermal microneedles are also being used for micro-sensing such as continuous glucose monitoring. However, there remain certain challenges that need to be addressed before the possibility of large-scale deployment. The biggest challenge faced by all these wearable sensors is our skin, which has an inherent property to resist and protect the body from the outside world. On the other hand, biosensing is not possible without overcoming this resistance. Consequently, understanding the skin structure and its response to different types of sensing is necessary to remove the scientific barriers that are hindering our ability to design more efficient and robust skin sensors. In this article, we review research reports related to three different biosensing modalities that are commonly used along with the challenges faced in their implementation for detection. We believe this review will be of significant use to researchers looking to solve existing problems within the ongoing research in wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Ahmad Tarar
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Umair Mohammad
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-208-885-7652
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