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Huang X, Wang X, Zou Y, An M, Wang Y. The Renaissance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a Promising Hole-Transporting Material Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400874. [PMID: 38794876 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
To push the commercialization of the promising photovoltaic technique of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the three-element golden law of efficiency, stability, and cost should be followed. As the key component of PSCs, hole-transporting materials (HTMs) involving widely-used organic semiconductors such as 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) or poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) usually suffer high-cost preparation and low operational stability. Fortunately, the studies on the classical p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as an alternative HTM have recently sparked a broad interest due to its low-cost synthesis, excellent batch-to-batch purity, superior hole conductivity as well as controllable and stable film morphology. Despite this, the device efficiency still lags behind P3HT-based PSCs mainly owing to the mismatched energy level and poor interfacial contact between P3HT and the perovskite layer. Hence, in this review, the study timely summarizes the developed strategies for overcoming the corresponding issues such as interface engineering, morphology regulation, and formation of composite HTMs from which some critical clues can be extracted to provide guidance for further boosting the efficiency and stability of P3HT-based devices. Finally, in the outlook, the future research directions either from the viewpoint of material design or device engineering are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Xuran Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yaqing Zou
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Mingwei An
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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2
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Xie G, Wang J, Yin S, Liang A, Wang W, Chen Z, Feng C, Yu J, Liao X, Fu Y, Xue Q, Min Y, Lu X, Chen Y. Dual-Strategy Tailoring Molecular Structures of Dopant-Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403083. [PMID: 38502273 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Dopant-free hole transport materials (HTMs) are ideal materials for highly efficient and stable n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but most current design strategies for tailoring the molecular structures of HTMs are limited to single strategy. Herein, four HTMs based on dithienothiophenepyrrole (DTTP) core are devised through dual-strategy methods combining conjugate engineering and side chain engineering. DTTP-ThSO with ester alkyl chain that can form six-membered ring by the S⋅⋅⋅O noncovalent conformation lock with thiophene in the backbone shows good planarity, high-quality film, matching energy level and high hole mobility, as well as strong defect passivation ability. Consequently, a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.3 % with a nice long-term stability is achieved by dopant-free DTTP-ThSO-based PSCs, representing one of the highest values for un-doped organic HTMs based PSCs. Especially, the fill factor (FF) of 82.3 % is the highest value for dopant-free small molecular HTMs-based n-i-p PSCs to date. Moreover, DTTP-ThSO-based devices have achieved an excellent PCE of 20.9 % in large-area (1.01 cm2) devices. This work clearly elucidates the structure-performance relationships of HTMs and offers a practical dual-strategy approach to designing dopant-free HTMs for high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shungao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Ziming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chuizheng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jianxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qifan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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3
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Zhang X, Liu X, Tirani FF, Ding B, Chen J, Rahim G, Han M, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Quan H, Li B, Du W, Brooks KG, Dai S, Fei Z, Asiri AM, Dyson PJ, Nazeeruddin MK, Ding Y. Dopant-Free Pyrene-Based Hole Transporting Material Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320152. [PMID: 38437457 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) is significant to the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we developed a novel star-shape arylamine HTM, termed Py-DB, with a pyrene core and carbon-carbon double bonds as the bridge units. Compared to the reference HTM (termed Py-C), the extension of the planar conjugation backbone endows Py-DB with typical intermolecular π-π stacking interactions and excellent solubility, resulting in improved hole mobility and film morphology. In addition, the lower HOMO energy level of the Py-DB HTM provides efficient hole extraction with reduced energy loss at the perovskite/HTM interface. Consequently, an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.33 % was achieved for dopant-free Py-DB-based PSCs, which is the highest PCE for dopant-free small molecular HTMs in n-i-p configured PSCs. The dopant-free Py-DB-based device also exhibits improved long-term stability, retaining over 90 % of its initial efficiency after 1000 h exposure to 25 % humidity at 60 °C. These findings provide valuable insights and approaches for the further development of dopant-free HTMs for efficient and reliable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xuepeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bin Ding
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ghadari Rahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mingyuan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hongyang Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Botong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weilun Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Keith G Brooks
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhaofu Fei
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yu G, Huang Y, Khan D, Sui Y, Wang S, Yang X, Zhou W, Chang K, Tang J, Chen W, Han P, Tang Z. RbPbI 3 Seed Embedding in PbI 2 Substrate Tailors the Facet Orientation and Crystallization Kinetics of Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307219. [PMID: 37882353 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have always been awe-inspiring, but perovskite films scalability is an exacting precondition for PSCs commercial deployment, generally unachievable through the antisolvent technique. On the contrary, in the two-step sequential method, the perovskite's uncontrolled crystallization and unnecessary PbI2 residue impede the device's performance. These two issues motivated to empower the PbI2 substrate with orthorhombic RbPbI3 crystal seeds, which act as grown nuclei and develop orientated perovskites lattice stacks, improving the perovskite films morphologically and reducing the PbI2 content in eventual perovskite films. Thence, achieving a PCE of 24.17% with suppressed voltage losses and an impressive life span of 1140 h in the open air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Yu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Yuanmei Huang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Danish Khan
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Yujie Sui
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shuanglin Wang
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiqi Yang
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Wencai Zhou
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Kai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Peigang Han
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Zeguo Tang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen, 518118, China
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5
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Bai Y, He J, Ran R, Zhou W, Wang W, Shao Z. Complex Metal Oxides as Emerging Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310227. [PMID: 38196154 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved revolutionary progress during the past decades with a rapidly boosting rate in power conversion efficiencies from 3.8% to 26.1%. However, high-efficiency PSCs with organic hole-transporting materials (HTMs) suffer from inferior long-term stability and high costs. The replacement of organic HTMs with inorganic counterparts such as metal oxides can solve the above-mentioned problems to realize highly robust and cost-effective PSCs. Nevertheless, the widely used simple metal oxide-based HTMs are limited by the low conductivity and poor light transmittance due to the fixed atomic environment. As an emerging family of inorganic HTMs, complex metal oxides with superior structural/compositional flexibility have attracted rapidly increasing interest recently, showing superior carrier conductivity/mobility and superb light transmittance. Herein, the recent advancements in the design and development of complex metal oxide-based HTMs for high-performance PSCs are summarized by emphasizing the superiority of complex metal oxides as HTMs over simple metal oxide-based counterparts. Consequently, several distinct strategies for the design of complex metal oxide-based HTMs are proposed. Last, the future directions and remaining challenges of inorganic complex metal oxide-based HTMs for PSCs are also presented. This review aims to provide valuable guidelines for the further advancements of robust, high-efficiency, and low-cost PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingsheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
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Chaudhary SP, Bhattacharyya S. Positive Feedback Mechanism of Probe Sonication for the Perovskite Films in Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50479-50488. [PMID: 37862132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is governed by the quality of perovskite films, whereby compact, pinhole-free perovskite films are desired, in addition to its composition. We have demonstrated probe sonication as a processing technique to provide positive feedback for enhancing the perovskite film quality and photovoltaic parameters, with two systems, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) and Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3. In probe sonication, the ultrasound results in the formation, growth, and collapse of the bubbles through shock wave inside the gas phase of the collapsing bubble. This phenomenon has a chemical impact on the nucleation of the perovskite phases and interconnectivity of the grains. The 60 min sonicated films with stronger hydrogen bonding network are devoid of unwanted Pb0, δ-FAPbI3, and PbI2 phases, having tightly packed homogeneous grains, minimum electron-hole recombination pathways, and improved light absorption. The surface potential remains mostly unaltered across the grains and grain boundaries, and the realignment of the Fermi energy (EF) favors facile carrier transport. The photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of the MAPbI3 and Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 devices is improved by 28.1 and 17.2% in comparison to the pristine perovskites, respectively. The 60 min sonicated Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 PSC has 20.20 ± 0.40% PCE with 1000 h ambient stability having >60% retention of the original PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Pratap Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Huang Y, Yu G, Khan D, Wang S, Sui Y, Yang X, Zhuang Y, Tang J, Gao H, Xin M, Aierken A, Tang Z. A Functional Biological Molecule Restores the PbI 2 Residue-Induced Defects in Two-Step Fabricated Perovskites. Molecules 2023; 28:7120. [PMID: 37894599 PMCID: PMC10608809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coating the perovskite layer via a two-step method is an adaptable solution for industries compared to the anti-solvent process. But what about the impact of unreacted PbI2? Usually, it is generated during perovskite conversion in a two-step method and considered beneficial within the grain boundaries, while also being accused of enhancing the interface defects and nonradiative recombination. Several additives are mixed in PbI2 precursors for the purpose of improving the perovskite crystallinity and hindering the Pb2+ defects. Herein, in lieu of adding additives to the PbI2, the effects of the PbI2 residue via the electron transport layer/perovskite interface modification are explored. Consequently, by introducing artemisinin decorated with hydrophobic alkyl units and a ketone group, it reduces the residual PbI2 and improves the perovskites' crystallinity by coordinating with Pb2+. In addition, artemisinin-deposited perovskite enhances both the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells by suppressing nonradiative recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Huang
- School of Energy and Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Guoping Yu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Danish Khan
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Shuanglin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yujie Sui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- School of Energy and Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Huaxi Gao
- School of Energy and Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming Xin
- School of Energy and Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Abuduwayiti Aierken
- School of Energy and Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zeguo Tang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Shenzhen 518118, China
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Li W, Wu C, Han X. Controlling Molecular Orientation of Small Molecular Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Materials: Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073076. [PMID: 37049838 PMCID: PMC10095671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great potential for future application. However, the commercialization of PSCs is limited by the prohibitively expensive and doped hole-transport materials (HTMs). In this regard, small molecular dopant-free HTMs are promising alternatives because of their low cost and high efficiency. However, these HTMs still have a lot of space for making further progress in both efficiency and stability. This review firstly provides outlining analyses about the important roles of molecular orientation when further enhancements in device efficiency and stability are concerned. Then, currently studied strategies to control molecular orientation in small molecular HTMs are presented. Finally, we propose an outlook aiming to obtain optimized molecular orientation in a cost-effective way.
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