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Pabois J, Durand T, Le Berre C, Filippone RT, Noël T, Durieu E, Bossard C, Bruneau S, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Nurgali K, Neunlist M, Bourreille A, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Role of ICAM-1 in the Adhesion of T Cells to Enteric Glia: Perspectives in the Formation of Plexitis in Crohn's Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:133-153. [PMID: 38428588 PMCID: PMC11127036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The presence of myenteric plexitis in the proximal resection margins is a predictive factor of early postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. To decipher the mechanisms leading to their formation, T-cell interactions with enteric neural cells were studied in vitro and in vivo. METHODS T cells close to myenteric neural cells were retrospectively quantified in ileocolonic resections from 9 control subjects with cancer and 20 patients with Crohn's disease. The mechanisms involved in T-cell adhesion were then investigated in co-cultures of T lymphocytes with enteric glial cells (glia). Finally, the implication of adhesion molecules in the development of plexitis and colitis was studied in vitro but also in vivo in Winnie mice. RESULTS The mean number of T cells close to glia, but not neurons, was significantly higher in the myenteric ganglia of relapsing patients with Crohn's disease (2.42 ± 0.5) as compared with controls (0.36 ± 0.08, P = .0007). Co-culture experiments showed that exposure to proinflammatory cytokines enhanced T-cell adhesion to glia and increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in glia. We next demonstrated that T-cell adhesion to glia was inhibited by an anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, using the Winnie mouse model of colitis, we showed that the blockage of ICAM-1/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with lifitegrast reduced colitis severity and decreased T-cell infiltration in the myenteric plexus. CONCLUSIONS Our present work argues for a role of glia-T-cell interaction in the development of myenteric plexitis through the adhesion molecules ICAM-1/LFA-1 and suggests that deciphering the functional consequences of glia-T-cell interaction is important to understand the mechanisms implicated in the development and recurrence of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pabois
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Tony Durand
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Le Berre
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | | | - Théo Noël
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Durieu
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bossard
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Inserm, CRCINA, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sarah Bruneau
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Neveu
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France.
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Identification and Tetramer Structure of Hemin-Binding Protein SPD_0310 Linked to Iron Homeostasis and Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. mSystems 2022; 7:e0022122. [PMID: 35414267 PMCID: PMC9238395 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00221-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and iron-containing compounds are essential for bacterial virulence and host infection. Hemin is an important supplement compound for bacterial survival in an iron-deficient environment. Despite strong interest in hemin metabolism, the detailed mechanism of hemin transportation in Gram-positive bacteria is yet to be reported. The results of our study revealed that the homologous proteins of SPD_0310 were significantly conservative in Gram-positive bacteria (P < 0.001), and these proteins were identified as belonging to an uncharacterized protein family (UPF0371). The results of thermodynamic and kinetic studies have shown that SPD_0310 has a high hemin-binding affinity. Interestingly, we found that the crystal structure of SPD_0310 presented a homotetramer conformation, which is required for hemin binding. SPD_0310 can interact with many hemin-binding proteins (SPD_0090, SPD_1609, and GAPDH) located on the cell surface, which contributes to hemin transfer to the cytoplasm. It also has a high affinity with other iron transporters in the cytoplasm (SPD_0226 and SPD_0227), which facilitates iron redistribution in cells. More importantly, the knockout of the spd_0310 gene (Δspd_0310) resulted in a decrease in the iron content and protein expression levels of many bacterial adhesion factors. Moreover, the animal model showed that the Δspd_0310 strain has a lower virulence than the wild type. Based on the crystallographic and biochemical studies, we inferred that SPD_0310 is a hemin intermediate transporter which contributes to iron homeostasis and further affects the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the host. Our study provides not only an important theoretical basis for the in-depth elucidation of the hemin transport mechanism in bacteria but also an important candidate target for the development of novel antimicrobial agents based on metal transport systems. IMPORTANCE Iron is an essential element for bacterial virulence and infection of the host. The detailed hemin metabolism in Gram-positive bacteria has rarely been studied. SPD_0310 belongs to the UPF0371 family of proteins, and results of homology analysis and evolutionary tree analysis suggested that it was widely distributed and highly conserved in Gram-positive bacteria. However, the function of the UPF0371 family remains unknown. We successfully determined the crystal structure of apo-SPD_0310, which is a homotetramer. We found that cytoplasmic protein SPD_0310 with a special tetramer structure has a strong hemin-binding ability and interacts with many iron transporters, which facilitates hemin transfer from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm. The results of detailed functional analyses indicated that SPD_0310 may function as a hemin transporter similar to hemoglobin in animals and contributes to bacterial iron homeostasis and virulence. This study provides a novel target for the development of antimicrobial drugs against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.
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The immunogenicity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and the implications for neural grafting trials in Parkinson's disease. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20200083. [PMID: 34552761 PMCID: PMC8438115 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) cell replacement therapies are a promising experimental treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a number of different types of DA cell-based therapies have already been trialled in patients. To date, the most successful have been allotransplants of foetal ventral midbrain but even then, the results have been inconsistent. This coupled to the ethical and logistical problems with using this tissue has meant that an alternative cell source has been sought of which human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) sources have proven very attractive. Robust protocols for making mesencephalic DA (mesDA) progenitor cells from hPSCs now exist and the first in-human clinical trials have or are about to start. However, while their safety and efficacy are well understood, relatively little is known about their immunogenicity and in this review, we briefly summarise this with reference mainly to the limited literature on human foetal DA cells.
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Ozone influences migration and proliferation of neural stem cells in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2020; 739:135390. [PMID: 32947004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a short-lived molecule which can be produced in a controlled reaction when oxygen is exposed to electric discharge. In the last few decades, many publications dealing both with animals and humans reported beneficial effects of ozone administration linked to its immunomodulatory and protective role against cellular damage. This is the first work which brings insight into how ozone influences cells of neural lineage in vitro and hypothesizes the potential molecular and novel electromagnetic mechanisms behind its action. By using neural stem cells, we show that ozone, especially in concentrations of around 11 μg/mL, significantly increases the speed of neural cell migration. With much lower effects, it also increases cell proliferation and cytokine production. Results of this study, at least partly, explain the observed beneficial effects of ozone in diseases of the nervous system tested on animal models and in human clinical trials. Therefore, here described effects of ozone on cellular level represent a firm basis for further investigation of possible applications of ozone in regeneration of the nervous system.
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Pabois J, Durand T, Le Berre C, Gonzales J, Neunlist M, Bourreille A, Naveilhan P, Neveu I. T cells show preferential adhesion to enteric neural cells in culture and are close to neural cells in the myenteric ganglia of Crohn's patients. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577422. [PMID: 33068972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plexitis in the proximal margin of intestinal resections are associated with post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. To understand their formation, in vitro analyzes were performed. T cells adhered preferentially to neuron and glial cells in mixed primary cultures of enteric nervous system and T cell activation increased their adhesion capacity. Higher number of T lymphocytes in close proximity to enteric glial cells was also observed in the myenteric ganglia of Crohn's patients as compared to control. These data show that close proximity between lymphocytes and enteric neural cells exists and may contribute to the formation of plexitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pabois
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Tony Durand
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Le Berre
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Gonzales
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France.
| | - Isabelle Neveu
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
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Kawase-Koga Y, Fujii Y, Yamakawa D, Sato M, Chikazu D. Identification of neurospheres generated from human dental pulp stem cells in xeno-/serum-free conditions. Regen Ther 2020; 14:128-135. [PMID: 32099873 PMCID: PMC7029376 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell-based therapies require an emerging alternative treatment using easily harvested cell sources. Neural stem cells derived from various tissues, including brain, bone marrow, skin and retina can give rise to both neurons and glial cells. Recently, human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were demonstrated to have mesenchymal stem cell-like abilities such as self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation, including neuron and glial cells. Moreover, DPSCs and SHED show a higher proliferation rate and a higher number of population doublings compared with adult bone marrow stromal stem cells. Therefore, DPSCs are a useful source that can be applied in cell replacement therapy for various neurological disorders. Generally, the conventional culture methods for DPSCs have used serum, therefore the undefined components in culture medium may complicate investigations of the molecular mechanisms that control the self-renewal and differentiation of DPSCs. However, neural stem cells proliferate to form ‘neurospheres’ in suspension in vitro in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). No study to date has obtained neurospheres from DPSCs in serum-free conditions in primary culture. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish a method for the proliferation and neural differentiation of DPSCs in xeno- and serum-free conditions in primary culture. Methods DPSCs were obtained from the dental pulp of wisdom teeth from healthy individuals (18–41 years old) and cultured in conventional medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum and xeno-/serum-free medium. We evaluated the proliferation of DPSCs, neurosphere generation, and neural differentiation under xeno-/serum-free conditions by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results In proliferation medium without xeno/serum, DPSCs can proliferate and generate neurospheres, however, the neurospheres had limited self-renewal ability. Under differentiation conditions, class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) were more significantly expressed in neurospheres derived from DPSCs in xeno-/serum-free culture conditions than in DPSCs in conventional culture conditions. Conclusions Our result demonstrated that neurosphere generation from DPSCs in xeno-/serum-free culture may be an accessible source for clinical cell replacement therapies for neuronal degenerative diseases. Human dental pulp stem cells proliferate in proliferation medium without xeno/serum. Neurosphere generates from human dental pulp stem cells in xeno-/serum-free culture. Neurosphere from human dental pulp stem cells can differentiate into neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kawase-Koga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, United States
| | - Daiki Yamakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Marika Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Wang B, Huang C, Chen L, Xu D, Zheng G, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhang X. The Emerging Roles of the Gaseous Signaling Molecules NO, H2S, and CO in the Regulation of Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:798-812. [PMID: 33464852 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Daoliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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He J, Chen G, Liu M, Xu Z, Chen H, Yang L, Lv Y. Scaffold strategies for modulating immune microenvironment during bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110411. [PMID: 31923946 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Implanted bone scaffolds often fail to successfully integrate with the host tissue because they do not elicit a favorable immune reaction. Properties of bone scaffold not only provide mechanical and chemical signals to support cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation, but also play a pivotal role in determining the extent of immune response during bone regeneration. Appropriate design parameters of bone scaffold are of great significance in the process of developing a new generation of bone implants. Herein, this article addresses the recent advances in the field of bone scaffolds for immune response, particularly focusing on the physical and chemical properties of bone scaffold in manipulating the host response. Furthermore, incorporation of bioactive molecules and cells with immunoregulatory function in bone scaffolds are also presented. Finally, continuing challenges and future directions of scaffold-based strategies for modulating immune microenvironment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Guobao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Zhiling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Hua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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Kermarrec L, Durand T, Gonzales J, Pabois J, Hulin P, Neunlist M, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Rat enteric glial cells express novel isoforms of Interleukine-7 regulated during inflammation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13467. [PMID: 30240048 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimmune interactions are essential to maintain gut homeostasis and prevent intestinal disorders but so far, the impact of enteric glial cells (EGC) on immune cells remains a relatively unexplored area of research. As a dysregulation of critical cytokines such as interleukine-7 (IL-7) was suggested to exacerbate gut chronic inflammation, we investigated whether EGC could be a source of IL-7 in the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS Expression of IL-7 in the rat enteric nervous system was analyzed by immunochemistry and Q-PCR. IL-7 variants were cloned and specific antibodies against rat IL-7 isoforms were raised to characterize their expression in the submucosal plexus. IL-7 isoforms were produced in vitro to analyze their impact on T-cell survival. KEY RESULTS Neurons and glial cells of the rat enteric nervous system expressed IL-7 at both mRNA and protein levels. Novel rat IL-7 isoforms with distinct C-terminal parts were detected. Three of these isoforms were found in EGC or in both enteric neurons and EGC. Exposure of EGC to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and/or TNFα) induced an upregulation of all IL-7 isoforms. Interestingly, time-course and intensity of the upregulation varied according to the presence or absence of exon 5a in IL-7 variants. Functional analysis on T lymphocytes revealed that only canonical IL-7 protects T cells from cell death. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES IL-7 and its variants are expressed by neurons and glial cells in the enteric nervous system. Their distinct expression and upregulation in inflammatory conditions suggest a role in gut homeostasis which could be critical in case of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Kermarrec
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, The enteric nervous system in gut and brain disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Tony Durand
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, The enteric nervous system in gut and brain disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Gonzales
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, The enteric nervous system in gut and brain disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Pabois
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, The enteric nervous system in gut and brain disorders, Nantes, France
| | | | - Michel Neunlist
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, The enteric nervous system in gut and brain disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Neveu
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, The enteric nervous system in gut and brain disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, The enteric nervous system in gut and brain disorders, Nantes, France
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Dumont CM, Munsell MK, Carlson MA, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ, Shea LD. Spinal Progenitor-Laden Bridges Support Earlier Axon Regeneration Following Spinal Cord Injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1588-1602. [PMID: 30215293 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in loss of tissue innervation below the injury. Spinal progenitors have a greater ability to repair the damage and can be injected into the injury, but their regenerative potential is hampered by their poor survival after transplantation. Biomaterials can create a cell delivery platform and generate a more hospitable microenvironment for the progenitors within the injury. In this work, polymeric bridges are used to deliver embryonic spinal progenitors to the injury, resulting in increased progenitor survival and subsequent regeneration and functional recovery, thus demonstrating the importance of combined therapeutic approaches for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Dumont
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary K Munsell
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mitchell A Carlson
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brian J Cummings
- 2 Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California , Irvine, California.,3 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California , Irvine, California.,4 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and University of California , Irvine, California.,5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California , Irvine, California
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- 2 Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California , Irvine, California.,3 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California , Irvine, California.,4 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and University of California , Irvine, California.,5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California , Irvine, California
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,6 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Liu J, Wang F. Role of Neuroinflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1005. [PMID: 28871262 PMCID: PMC5567007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects upper motor neurons (MNs) comprising the corticospinal tract and lower MNs arising from the brain stem nuclei and ventral roots of the spinal cord, leading to fatal paralysis. Currently, there are no effective therapies for ALS. Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays an important role in ALS pathogenesis. The neuroinflammation in ALS is characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages, activation of microglia and reactive astrocytes, as well as the involvement of complement. In this review, we focus on the key cellular players of neuroinflammation during the pathogenesis of ALS by discussing not only their detrimental roles but also their immunomodulatory actions. We will summarize the pharmacological therapies for ALS that target neuroinflammation, as well as recent advances in the field of stem cell therapy aimed at modulating the inflammatory environment to preserve the remaining MNs in ALS patients and animal models of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Evaluation of the immunogenicity of human iPS cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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13
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing islet cells of the pancreas. Although islet transplantation has proved to be successful for some patients with type 1 diabetes, its widespread use is limited by islet donor shortage and the requirement for lifelong immunosuppression. An encapsulation strategy that can prevent the rejection of xenogeneic islets or of stem cell-derived allogeneic islets can potentially eliminate both of these barriers. Although encapsulation technology has met several challenges, the convergence of expertise in materials, nanotechnology, stem cell biology and immunology is allowing us to get closer to the goal of encapsulated islet cell therapy for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Desai
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Byers Hall Rm 203C, MC 2520, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
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14
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Dumont CM, Margul DJ, Shea LD. Tissue Engineering Approaches to Modulate the Inflammatory Milieu following Spinal Cord Injury. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 202:52-66. [PMID: 27701152 PMCID: PMC5067186 DOI: 10.1159/000446646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies have shown promise in promoting healing and regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI); however, these strategies are limited by inflammation and the immune response. Infiltration of cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses and the inflammation that follows cause secondary damage adjacent to the injury, increased scarring, and a potently inhibitory environment for the regeneration of damaged neurons. While the inflammation that ensues is typically associated with limited regeneration, the immune response is a crucial element in the closing of the blood-brain barrier, minimizing the spread of injury, and initiating healing. This review summarizes the strategies that have been developed to modulate the immune response towards an anti-inflammatory environment that is permissive to the regeneration of neurons, glia, and parenchyma. We focus on the use of biomaterials, biologically active molecules, gene therapy, nanoparticles, and stem cells to modulate the immune response, and illustrate concepts for future therapies. Current clinical treatments for SCI are limited to systemic hypothermia or methylprednisolone, which both act by systemically mitigating the effects of immune response but have marginal efficacy. Herein, we discuss emerging research strategies to further enhance these clinical treatments by directly targeting specific aspects of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney. M. Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Daniel J. Margul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lonnie. D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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15
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Enteric glial cells have specific immunosuppressive properties. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 295-296:79-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Lee YE, An J, Lee KH, Kim SS, Song HJ, Pyeon H, Nam H, Kang K, Joo KM. The Synergistic Local Immunosuppressive Effects of Neural Stem Cells Expressing Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Animal Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144298. [PMID: 26636969 PMCID: PMC4670164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases provoke robust immunological reactions in the central nervous system (CNS), which further deteriorate the neural tissue damage. We hypothesized that the expression levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that has potent immune suppressive activities, in neural stem cells (NSCs) would have synergistic therapeutic effects against neurodegenerative diseases, since NSCs themselves have low IDO expression. In this study, the synergistic immune suppressive effects of rat fetal NSCs expressing IDO (rfNSCs-IDO) were validated by mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro and an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model in vivo. rfNSCs-IDO showed significantly more suppressive effects on T cell proliferation in the MLR compared to control rfNSCs (rfNSCs-Cont). Importantly, IDO inhibition using 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT), an IDO inhibitor, reversed the synergistic effects, confirming IDO-specific effects in rfNSCs-IDO. In the EAE animal model, systemic rfNSCs-IDO injections resulted in significant local immune suppression in the cervical lymph nodes and CNS, evidenced by a reduction in the number of activated T lymphocytes and an increase in regulatory T cell numbers, which induced significantly fewer clinical symptoms and faster recovery. In contrast, rfNSCs-Cont failed to reduce symptoms in the EAE animal models, although they showed local immune suppression, which was significantly less than that in rfNSCs-IDO. Taken together, IDO expression in NSCs synergistically potentiates the immune suppression activities of NSCs and could be applicable for the development of therapeutic modalities against various neurodegenerative diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Neural Stem Cells/immunology
- Neural Stem Cells/transplantation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stem Cell Transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeol An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hang Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Su Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Song
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejang Pyeon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongjin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KMJ); (KK)
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KMJ); (KK)
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17
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Ottoboni L, De Feo D, Merlini A, Martino G. Commonalities in immune modulation between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs). Immunol Lett 2015; 168:228-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Dumont CM, Park J, Shea LD. Controlled release strategies for modulating immune responses to promote tissue regeneration. J Control Release 2015; 219:155-166. [PMID: 26264833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of tissue engineering have enhanced the potential of regenerative medicine, yet the efficacy of these strategies remains incomplete, and is limited by the innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune response associated with injury or disease combined with that mounted to biomaterials, transplanted cells, proteins, and gene therapies vectors can contribute to the inability to fully restore tissue function. Blocking immune responses such as with anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive agents are either ineffective, as the immune response contributes significantly to regeneration, or have significant side effects. This review describes targeted strategies to modulate the immune response in order to limit tissue damage following injury, promote an anti-inflammatory environment that leads to regeneration, and induce antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance that can target degenerative diseases that destroy tissues and promote engraftment of transplanted cells. Focusing on targeted immuno-modulation, we describe local delivery techniques to sites of inflammation as well as systemic approaches that preferentially target subsets of immune populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jonghyuck Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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19
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Schmitt J, Eckardt S, Schlegel PG, Sirén AL, Bruttel VS, McLaughlin KJ, Wischhusen J, Müller AM. Human Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Express HLA-G and Show Unique Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Killing. Mol Med 2015; 21:185-96. [PMID: 25811991 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-of-origin imprints have been implicated in the regulation of neural differentiation and brain development. Previously we have shown that, despite the lack of a paternal genome, human parthenogenetic (PG) embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can form proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) that are capable of differentiation into physiologically functional neurons while maintaining allele-specific expression of imprinted genes. Since biparental ("normal") hESC-derived NSCs (N NSCs) are targeted by immune cells, we characterized the immunogenicity of PG NSCs. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry revealed that both N NSCs and PG NSCs exhibited surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I but not HLA-DR molecules. Functional analyses using an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay resulted in less proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with PG compared with N NSCs. In addition, natural killer (NK) cells cytolyzed PG less than N NSCs. At a molecular level, expression analyses of immune regulatory factors revealed higher HLA-G levels in PG compared with N NSCs. In line with this finding, MIR152, which represses HLA-G expression, is less transcribed in PG compared with N cells. Blockage of HLA-G receptors ILT2 and KIR2DL4 on natural killer cell leukemia (NKL) cells increased cytolysis of PG NSCs. Together this indicates that PG NSCs have unique immunological properties due to elevated HLA-G expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitt
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Eckardt
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- University Children's Hospital Würzburg, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentin S Bruttel
- University of Würzburg Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K John McLaughlin
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- University of Würzburg Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Müller
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Lévêque X, Mathieux E, Nerrière-Daguin V, Thinard R, Kermarrec L, Durand T, Haudebourg T, Vanhove B, Lescaudron L, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Local control of the host immune response performed with mesenchymal stem cells: perspectives for functional intracerebral xenotransplantation. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:124-34. [PMID: 25310920 PMCID: PMC4288356 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foetal pig neuroblasts are interesting candidates as a cell source for transplantation, but xenotransplantation in the brain requires the development of adapted immunosuppressive treatments. As systemic administration of high doses of cyclosporine A has side effects and does not protect xenotransplants forever, we focused our work on local control of the host immune responses. We studied the advantage of cotransplanting syngenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with porcine neuroblasts (pNb) in immunocompetent rat striata. Two groups of animals were transplanted, either with pNb alone or with both MSC and pNb. At day 63, no porcine neurons were detected in the striata that received only pNb, while four of six rats transplanted with both pNb and MSC exhibited healthy porcine neurons. Interestingly, 50% of the cotransplanted rats displayed healthy grafts with pNF70+ and TH+ neurons at 120 days post-transplantation. qPCR analyses revealed a general dwindling of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the striata that received the cotransplants. Motor recovery was also observed following the transplantation of pNb and MSC in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Taken together, the present data indicate that the immunosuppressive properties of MSC are of great interest for the long-term survival of xenogeneic neurons in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Lévêque
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, ITERT, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, LUNAM Université, Nantes, France
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21
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Mathieux E, Nerrière-Daguin V, Lévèque X, Michel-Monigadon D, Durand T, Bonnamain V, Ménoret S, Anegon I, Naveilhan P, Neveu I. IgG response to intracerebral xenotransplantation: specificity and role in the rejection of porcine neurons. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1109-19. [PMID: 24612827 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Xenogenic fetal neuroblasts are considered as a potential source of transplantable cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but immunological barriers limit their use in the clinic. While considerable work has been performed to decipher the role of the cellular immune response in the rejection of intracerebral xenotransplants, there is much still to learn about the humoral reaction. To this end, the IgG response to the transplantation of fetal porcine neural cells (PNC) into the rat brain was analyzed. Rat sera did not contain preformed antibodies against PNC, but elicited anti-porcine IgG was clearly detected in the host blood once the graft was rejected. Only the IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses were up-regulated, suggesting a T-helper 2 immune response. The main target of these elicited IgG antibodies was porcine neurons, as determined by double labeling in vitro and in vivo. Complement and anti-porcine IgG were present in the rejecting grafts, suggesting an active role of the host humoral response in graft rejection. This hypothesis was confirmed by the prolonged survival of fetal porcine neurons in the striatum of immunoglobulin-deficient rats. These data suggest that the prolonged survival of intracerebral xenotransplants relies on the control of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mathieux
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, ITERT, Nantes, France; LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
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22
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Bonnamain V, Thinard R, Sergent-Tanguy S, Huet P, Bienvenu G, Naveilhan P, Farges JC, Alliot-Licht B. Human dental pulp stem cells cultured in serum-free supplemented medium. Front Physiol 2013; 4:357. [PMID: 24376422 PMCID: PMC3858652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence show that human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could provide a source of adult stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies. In this study, DPSCs were expanded and cultured with a protocol generally used for the culture of neural stem/progenitor cells. Methodology: DPSC cultures were established from third molars. The pulp tissue was enzymatically digested and cultured in serum-supplemented basal medium for 12 h. Adherent (ADH) and non-adherent (non-ADH) cell populations were separated according to their differential adhesion to plastic and then cultured in serum-free defined N2 medium with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Both ADH and non-ADH populations were analyzed by FACS and/or PCR. Results: FACS analysis of ADH-DPSCs revealed the expression of the mesenchymal cell marker CD90, the neuronal marker CD56, the transferrin receptor CD71, and the chemokine receptor CXCR3, whereas hematopoietic stem cells markers CD45, CD133, and CD34 were not expressed. ADH-DPSCs expressed transcripts coding for the Nestin gene, whereas expression levels of genes coding for the neuronal markers β-III tubulin and NF-M, and the oligodendrocyte marker PLP-1 were donor dependent. ADH-DPSCs did not express the transcripts for GFAP, an astrocyte marker. Cells of the non-ADH population that grew as spheroids expressed Nestin, β-III tubulin, NF-M and PLP-1 transcripts. DPSCs that migrated out of the spheroids exhibited an odontoblast-like morphology and expressed a higher level of DSPP and osteocalcin transcripts than ADH-DPSCs. Conclusion: Collectively, these data indicate that human DPSCs can be expanded and cultured in serum-free supplemented medium with EGF and bFGF. ADH-DPSCs and non-ADH populations contained neuronal and/or oligodendrocyte progenitors at different stages of commitment and, interestingly, cells from spheroid structures seem to be more engaged into the odontoblastic lineage than the ADH-DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bonnamain
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France
| | - Reynald Thinard
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France
| | - Solène Sergent-Tanguy
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Huet
- Service Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, CHU de Nantes, University of Nantes Nantes, France
| | | | - Philippe Naveilhan
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France
| | | | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France ; Faculty of Odontology, University of Nantes Nantes, France
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Drago D, Cossetti C, Iraci N, Gaude E, Musco G, Bachi A, Pluchino S. The stem cell secretome and its role in brain repair. Biochimie 2013; 95:2271-85. [PMID: 23827856 PMCID: PMC4061727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence exists that non-haematopoietic stem cells, including mesenchymal (MSCs) and neural/progenitor stem cells (NPCs), exert a substantial beneficial and therapeutic effect after transplantation in experimental central nervous system (CNS) disease models through the secretion of immune modulatory or neurotrophic paracrine factors. This paracrine hypothesis has inspired an alternative outlook on the use of stem cells in regenerative neurology. In this paradigm, significant repair of the injured brain may be achieved by injecting the biologics secreted by stem cells (secretome), rather than implanting stem cells themselves for direct cell replacement. The stem cell secretome (SCS) includes cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, and has gained increasing attention in recent years because of its multiple implications for the repair, restoration or regeneration of injured tissues. Thanks to recent improvements in SCS profiling and manipulation, investigators are now inspired to harness the SCS as a novel alternative therapeutic option that might ensure more efficient outcomes than current stem cell-based therapies for CNS repair. This review discusses the most recent identification of MSC- and NPC-secreted factors, including those that are trafficked within extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs), and reflects on their potential effects on brain repair. It also examines some of the most convincing advances in molecular profiling that have enabled mapping of the SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Drago
- CNS Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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24
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Pluchino S, Cossetti C. How stem cells speak with host immune cells in inflammatory brain diseases. Glia 2013; 61:1379-401. [PMID: 23633288 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology have raised great expectations that diseases and injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) may be ameliorated by the development of non-hematopoietic stem cell medicines. Yet, the application of adult stem cells as CNS therapeutics is challenging and the interpretation of some of the outcomes ambiguous. In fact, the initial idea that stem cell transplants work only via structural cell replacement has been challenged by the observation of consistent cellular signaling between the graft and the host. Cellular signaling is the foundation of coordinated actions and flexible responses, and arises via networks of exchanging and interacting molecules that transmit patterns of information between cells. Sustained stem cell graft-to-host communication leads to remarkable trophic effects on endogenous brain cells and beneficial modulatory actions on innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo, ultimately promoting the healing of the injured CNS. Among a number of adult stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) are being extensively investigated for their ability to signal to the immune system upon transplantation in experimental CNS diseases. Here, we focus on the main cellular signaling pathways that grafted MSCs and NPCs use to establish a therapeutically relevant cross talk with host immune cells, while examining the role of inflammation in regulating some of the bidirectionality of these communications. We propose that the identification of the players involved in stem cell signaling might contribute to the development of innovative, high clinical impact therapeutics for inflammatory CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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25
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Human neural stem/progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells and fetal nervous system present differences in immunogenicity and immunomodulatory potentials in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2013; 10:325-37. [PMID: 23416350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop cell therapies for damaged nervous tissue with human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNPCs), the risk of an immune response and graft rejection must be considered. There are conflicting results and lack of knowledge concerning the immunocompetence of hNPCs of different origin. Here, we studied the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory potentials of hNPCs cultured under equivalent conditions after derivation from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-NPCs) or human fetal spinal cord tissue (hfNPCs). The expression patterns of human leukocyte antigen, co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules in hESC-NPCs and hfNPCs were relatively similar and mostly not affected by inflammatory cytokines. Unstimulated hfNPCs secreted more transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and β2 but similar level of interleukin (IL)-10 compared to hESC-NPCs. In contrast to hfNPCs, hESC-NPCs displayed 4-6 fold increases in TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and IL-10 under inflammatory conditions. Both hNPCs reduced the alloreaction between allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and up-regulated CD4(+)CD25(+)forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)(+) T cells. However, hESC-NPCs but not hfNPCs dose-dependently triggered PBMC proliferation, which at least partly may be due to TGF-β signaling. To conclude, hESC-NPCs and hfNPCs displayed similarities but also significant differences in their immunocompetence and interaction with allogeneic PBMCs, differences may be crucial for the outcome of cell therapy.
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