1
|
Mizoguchi T. In vivo dynamics of hard tissue-forming cell origins: Insights from Cre/loxP-based cell lineage tracing studies. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:109-119. [PMID: 38406212 PMCID: PMC10885318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue provides structural support for our bodies, with the inner bone marrow (BM) acting as a hematopoietic organ. Within the BM tissue, two types of stem cells play crucial roles: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (or skeletal stem cells) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These stem cells are intricately connected, where BM-MSCs give rise to bone-forming osteoblasts and serve as essential components in the BM microenvironment for sustaining HSCs. Despite the mid-20th century proposal of BM-MSCs, their in vivo identification remained elusive owing to a lack of tools for analyzing stemness, specifically self-renewal and multipotency. To address this challenge, Cre/loxP-based cell lineage tracing analyses are being employed. This technology facilitated the in vivo labeling of specific cells, enabling the tracking of their lineage, determining their stemness, and providing a deeper understanding of the in vivo dynamics governing stem cell populations responsible for maintaining hard tissues. This review delves into cell lineage tracing studies conducted using commonly employed genetically modified mice expressing Cre under the influence of LepR, Gli1, and Axin2 genes. These studies focus on research fields spanning long bones and oral/maxillofacial hard tissues, offering insights into the in vivo dynamics of stem cell populations crucial for hard tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi P, Xie X, Xu C, Wu Y, Wang J. Activation of Wnt signaling in Axin2 + cells leads to osteodentin formation and cementum overgrowth. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3551-3558. [PMID: 36520568 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we used the mouse incisor model to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on Axin2+ cells in tooth development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Axin2lacZ/+ reporter mice were used to define the expression pattern of Axin2 in mouse incisors. We traced the fate of Axin2+ cells from postnatal Day 21 (P21) to P56 using Axin2CreERT2/+ and R26RtdTomato/+ reporter mice. For constitutive activation of Wnt signaling, Axin2CreERT2/+ , β-cateninflox(Ex3)/+ , and R26RtdTomato/+ (CA-β-cat) mice were generated to investigate the gain of function (GOF) of β-catenin in mouse incisor growth. RESULTS The X-gal staining of Axin2lacZ/+ reporter mice and lineage tracing showed that Axin2 was widely expressed in dental mesenchyme of mouse incisors, and Axin2+ cells were essential cell sources for odontoblasts, pulp cells, and periodontal ligament cells. The constitutive activation of Wnt signaling in Axin2+ cells resulted in the formation of osteodentin featured with increased DMP1 and dispersed DSP expression and overgrowth of cementum. CONCLUSION Wnt signaling plays a key role in the differentiation and maturation of Axin2+ cells in mouse incisors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peilei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moline DC, Zenner ML, Burr A, Vellky JE, Nonn L, Vander Griend DJ. Single-cell RNA-Seq identifies factors necessary for the regenerative phenotype of prostate luminal epithelial progenitors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:425-439. [PMID: 36636696 PMCID: PMC9831919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer are common diseases that involve the overgrowth of prostatic tissue. Although their pathologies and symptoms differ, both diseases show aberrant activation of prostate progenitor cell phenotypes in a tissue that should be relatively quiescent. This phenomenon prompts a need to better define the normal prostate progenitor cell phenotype and pursue the discovery of causal networks that could yield druggable targets to combat hyperplastic prostate diseases. We used single-cell (sc) RNA-Seq analysis to confirm the identity of a luminal progenitor cell population in both the hormonally intact and castrated mouse prostate. Using marker genes from our scRNA-Seq analysis, we identified factors necessary for the regeneration phenotype of prostate organoids derived from mice and humans in vitro. These data outline potential factors necessary for prostate regeneration and utilization of scRNA-Seq approaches for the identification of pharmacologic strategies targeting critical cell populations that drive prostate disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Moline
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology (DRSB), The University of ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Morgan L Zenner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alex Burr
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jordan E Vellky
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nagata M, English JD, Ono N, Ono W. Diverse stem cells for periodontal tissue formation and regeneration. Genesis 2022; 60:e23495. [PMID: 35916433 PMCID: PMC9492631 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The periodontium is comprised of multiple units of mineralized and nonmineralized tissues including the cementum on the root surface, the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and the gingiva. PDL contains a variety of cell populations including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) termed PDLSCs, which contribute to periodontal regeneration. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitors in their native environment, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the periodontium. The current concept is that mesenchymal progenitors in the PDL are localized to the perivascular niche. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses reveal heterogeneity and cell-type specific markers of cells in the periodontium, as well as their developmental relationship with precursor cells in the dental follicle. The characteristics of PDLSCs and their diversity in vivo are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to insights from mouse genetic models and scRNA-seq analyses, which aid to uncover the fundamental properties of stem cells in the human PDL. The new knowledge will be highly important for developing more effective stem cell-based regenerative therapies to repair periodontal tissues in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeryl D. English
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu Y, Mu J, Zhou Z, Leng Y, Yu Y, Song X, Liu A, Zhu H, Li J, Wang D. Expansion of mouse castration-resistant intermediate prostate stem cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:299. [PMID: 35841025 PMCID: PMC9284701 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) have a luminal phenotype with high androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression. Currently, it is difficult to culture castration-resistant luminal cells with AR and PSA expression. Methods We formulated a custom-made medium and isolated primary cells from the prostate of adult wild-type (WT) and TRAMP mice. The cells were characterized by immunofluorescence staining, transcriptomic analysis, and qRT-PCR verification. Their self-renewal and differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo were examined. We treated the cells with androgen deprivation and enzalutamide and performed immunofluorescence staining and western blotting to analyze their expression of AR and PSA. Results We isolated a novel type of castration-resistant intermediate prostate stem cells (CRIPSCs) from adult WT and TRAMP mice. The mouse CRIPSCs proliferated rapidly in two-dimensional (2D) culture dishes and can be cultured for more than six months. The mouse CRIPSCs expressed luminal markers (AR, PSA, and Dsg4), basal markers (CK5 and p63), Psca, and the intermediate cell marker (Ivl). Transcriptomic analysis showed that the mouse CRIPSCs had upregulated signaling pathways related to cancer development and drug resistance. In the long-term culture, TRAMP CRIPSCs had higher expression of the genes related to stem cells and cancers than WT mice. Both WT and TRAMP CRIPSCs formed organoids in Matrigel. WT CRIPSCs did not form prostate tissues when transplanted in vivo without urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM) cells. In contrast, TRAMP CRIPSCs formed prostate ducts in NOG mice without UGM cells and differentiated into luminal, basal, and neuroendocrine cells. Androgens regulated AR translocation between the nucleus and cytoplasm in the mouse CRIPSCs. Treatment of androgen deprivation (ADT) and enzalutamide reduced AR expression in WT and TRAMP CRIPSCs; however, this treatment promoted PSA expression in TRAMP, while not WT CRIPSCs, similar to the clinical observations of CRPC. Conclusions Our study established a method for isolating and expanding mouse CRIPSCs in 2D culture dishes. Mouse CRIPSCs had markers of basal and luminal cells, including AR and PSA, and can differentiate into prostate organoids and tissues. TRAMP CRIPSCs had elevated PSA expression upon ADT and enzalutamide treatment. Our method can be translated into clinical settings for CRPC precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Xu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Jie Mu
- College of Life Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhixia Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yu Leng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yali Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiuyue Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Olson AW, Le V, Wang J, Hiroto A, Kim WK, Lee DH, Aldahl J, Wu X, Kim M, Cunha GR, You S, Sun Z. Stromal androgen and hedgehog signaling regulates stem cell niches in pubertal prostate development. Development 2021; 148:271928. [PMID: 34427305 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stromal androgen-receptor (AR) action is essential for prostate development, morphogenesis and regeneration. However, mechanisms underlying how stromal AR maintains the cell niche in support of pubertal prostatic epithelial growth are unknown. Here, using advanced mouse genetic tools, we demonstrate that selective deletion of stromal AR expression in prepubescent Shh-responsive Gli1-expressing cells significantly impedes pubertal prostate epithelial growth and development. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses showed that AR loss in these prepubescent Gli1-expressing cells dysregulates androgen signaling-initiated stromal-epithelial paracrine interactions, leading to growth retardation of pubertal prostate epithelia and significant development defects. Specifically, AR loss elevates Shh-signaling activation in both prostatic stromal and adjacent epithelial cells, directly inhibiting prostatic epithelial growth. Single-cell trajectory analyses further identified aberrant differentiation fates of prostatic epithelial cells directly altered by stromal AR deletion. In vivo recombination of AR-deficient stromal Gli1-lineage cells with wild-type prostatic epithelial cells failed to develop normal prostatic epithelia. These data demonstrate previously unidentified mechanisms underlying how stromal AR-signaling facilitates Shh-mediated cell niches in pubertal prostatic epithelial growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Alex Hiroto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee DH, Olson AW, Wang J, Kim WK, Mi J, Zeng H, Le V, Aldahl J, Hiroto A, Wu X, Sun Z. Androgen action in cell fate and communication during prostate development at single-cell resolution. Development 2021; 148:dev.196048. [PMID: 33318148 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Androgens/androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling pathways are essential for prostate development, morphogenesis and regeneration. Specifically, stromal AR signaling has been shown to be essential for prostatic initiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AR-initiated mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in prostate development remain unclear. Here, using a newly generated mouse model, we have directly addressed the fate and role of genetically marked AR-expressing cells during embryonic prostate development. Androgen signaling-initiated signaling pathways were identified in mesenchymal niche populations at single-cell transcriptomic resolution. The dynamic cell-signaling networks regulated by stromal AR were additionally characterized in relation to prostatic epithelial bud formation. Pseudotime analyses further revealed the differentiation trajectory and fate of AR-expressing cells in both prostatic mesenchymal and epithelial cell populations. Specifically, the cellular properties of Zeb1-expressing progenitors were assessed. Selective deletion of AR signaling in a subpopulation of mesenchymal rather than epithelial cells dysregulated the expression of the master regulators and significantly impaired prostatic bud formation. These data provide novel, high-resolution evidence demonstrating the important role of mesenchymal androgen signaling in the cellular niche controlling prostate early development by initiating dynamic mesenchyme-epithelia cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Adam W Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiaqi Mi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hong Zeng
- Transgenic, Knockout and Tumor Model Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alex Hiroto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wise DR, Schneider JA, Armenia J, Febles VA, McLaughlin B, Brennan R, Thoren KL, Abida W, Sfanos KS, De Marzo AM, Yegnasubramanian S, Fox JJ, Haas M, Heath H, Kagey MH, Newman W, Sirard CA, Fleisher M, Morris MJ, Chen Y, Larson SM, Haffner MC, Nelson PS, Schultz N, Garabedian MJ, Scher HI, Logan SK, Sawyers CL. Dickkopf-1 Can Lead to Immune Evasion in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:2000097. [PMID: 33015525 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with low androgen receptor (AR) and without neuroendocrine signaling, termed double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), is increasingly prevalent in patients treated with AR signaling inhibitors and is in need of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS Candidate genes enriched in DNPC were determined using differential gene expression analysis of discovery and validation cohorts of mCRPC biopsies. Laboratory studies were carried out in human mCRPC organoid cultures, prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines, and mouse xenograft models. Epigenetic studies were carried out in a rapid autopsy cohort. RESULTS Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) expression is increased in DNPC relative to prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-expressing mCRPC in the Stand Up to Cancer/Prostate Cancer Foundation discovery cohort (11.2 v 0.28 reads per kilobase per million mapped reads; q < 0.05; n = 117) and in the University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center cohort (9.2 v 0.99 fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads; P < .0001). DKK1 expression can be regulated by activated Wnt signaling in vitro and correlates with activating canonical Wnt signaling mutations and low PSA mRNA in mCRPC biopsies (P < .05). DKK1 hypomethylation was associated with increased DKK1 mRNA expression (Pearson r = -0.66; P < .0001) in a rapid autopsy cohort (n = 7). DKK1-high mCRPC biopsies are infiltrated with significantly higher numbers of quiescent natural killer (NK) cells (P < .005) and lower numbers of activated NK cells (P < .0005). Growth inhibition of the human PCa model PC3 by the anti-DKK1 monoclonal antibody DKN-01 depends on the presence of NK cells in a severe combined immunodeficient xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSION These results support DKK1 as a contributor to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of DNPC. These data have provided the rationale for a clinical trial targeting DKK1 in mCRPC (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03837353).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Wise
- Department of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Joshua Armenia
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Victor Adorno Febles
- Department of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bridget McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ryan Brennan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katie L Thoren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Brady Urological Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Brady Urological Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josef J Fox
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Fleisher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Steven M Larson
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, and Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Susan K Logan
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prostate cancer reactivates developmental epigenomic programs during metastatic progression. Nat Genet 2020; 52:790-799. [PMID: 32690948 PMCID: PMC10007911 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes govern prostate cancer (PCa) biology, as evidenced by the dependency of PCa cells on the androgen receptor (AR), a prostate master transcription factor. We generated 268 epigenomic datasets spanning two state transitions-from normal prostate epithelium to localized PCa to metastases-in specimens derived from human tissue. We discovered that reprogrammed AR sites in metastatic PCa are not created de novo; rather, they are prepopulated by the transcription factors FOXA1 and HOXB13 in normal prostate epithelium. Reprogrammed regulatory elements commissioned in metastatic disease hijack latent developmental programs, accessing sites that are implicated in prostate organogenesis. Analysis of reactivated regulatory elements enabled the identification and functional validation of previously unknown metastasis-specific enhancers at HOXB13, FOXA1 and NKX3-1. Finally, we observed that prostate lineage-specific regulatory elements were strongly associated with PCa risk heritability and somatic mutation density. Examining prostate biology through an epigenomic lens is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor progression.
Collapse
|
10
|
Le V, He Y, Aldahl J, Hooker E, Yu EJ, Olson A, Kim WK, Lee DH, Wong M, Sheng R, Mi J, Geradts J, Cunha GR, Sun Z. Loss of androgen signaling in mesenchymal sonic hedgehog responsive cells diminishes prostate development, growth, and regeneration. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008588. [PMID: 31929563 PMCID: PMC6980684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate embryonic development, pubertal and adult growth, maintenance, and regeneration are regulated through androgen signaling-mediated mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Specifically, the essential role of mesenchymal androgen signaling in the development of prostate epithelium has been observed for over 30 years. However, the identity of the mesenchymal cells responsible for this paracrine regulation and related mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we provide the first demonstration of an indispensable role of the androgen receptor (AR) in sonic hedgehog (SHH) responsive Gli1-expressing cells, in regulating prostate development, growth, and regeneration. Selective deletion of AR expression in Gli1-expressing cells during embryogenesis disrupts prostatic budding and impairs prostate development and formation. Tissue recombination assays showed that urogenital mesenchyme (UGM) containing AR-deficient mesenchymal Gli1-expressing cells combined with wildtype urogenital epithelium (UGE) failed to develop normal prostate tissue in the presence of androgens, revealing the decisive role of AR in mesenchymal SHH responsive cells in prostate development. Prepubescent deletion of AR expression in Gli1-expressing cells resulted in severe impairment of androgen-induced prostate growth and regeneration. RNA-sequencing analysis showed significant alterations in signaling pathways related to prostate development, stem cells, and organ morphogenesis in AR-deficient Gli1-expressing cells. Among these altered pathways, the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) pathway was up-regulated in AR-deficient Gli1-expressing cells. We further demonstrated the activation of TGFβ1 signaling in AR-deleted prostatic Gli1-expressing cells, which inhibits prostate epithelium growth through paracrine regulation. These data demonstrate a novel role of the AR in the Gli1-expressing cellular niche for regulating prostatic cell fate, morphogenesis, and renewal, and elucidate the mechanism by which mesenchymal androgen-signaling through SHH-responsive cells elicits the growth and regeneration of prostate epithelium. Prostate formation, growth, and regeneration, as well as tumorigenesis, depend on androgens and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling pathways. Tissue recombination assays done more than 30 years ago demonstrated a decisive role for stromal androgen signaling in prostatic epithelium development. However, in the intervening time, the identity of the mesenchymal cells in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme that convey androgen signaling and control prostate epithelium development, morphogenesis, and regeneration has not been determined. In this study, using mouse genetic tools, we demonstrate for the first time that selective deletion of AR in mesenchymal Gli1-expressing cells abolishes early development of prostate tissue and normal prostate formation, and diminishes prostate pubertal growth and regeneration. In addition, using tissue recombination assays, we directly determined an essential requirement for AR expression in mesenchymal Gli1-expressing cells during prostate epithelium development. Our results not only resolve a 30-year-old scientific puzzle by identifying the mesenchymal cell properties of androgen-responsive cells that elicit development of the embryonic prostate epithelium, but also explore a new regulatory mechanism for androgen and Shh signaling-mediated cellular niches in regulating prostatic cell fate, growth, and renewal through paracrine regulation. Given the importance of sex hormone and hedgehog signaling pathways in human development and tumorigenesis, this study extends beyond the field of prostate biology, raising new questions underlying sex hormone and SHH signaling in development and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yongfeng He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Adam Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Monica Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ruoyu Sheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Jiaqi Mi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Gerald R. Cunha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aldahl J, Mi J, Pineda A, Kim WK, Olson A, Hooker E, He Y, Yu EJ, Le V, Lee DH, Geradts J, Sun Z. Aberrant activation of hepatocyte growth factor/MET signaling promotes β-catenin-mediated prostatic tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:631-644. [PMID: 31819003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-occurrence of aberrant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways has been observed in advanced and metastatic prostate cancers. This co-occurrence positively correlates with prostate cancer progression and castration-resistant prostate cancer development. However, the biological consequences of these abnormalities in these disease processes remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the aberrant activation of HGF/MET and Wnt/β-catenin cascades in prostate tumorigenesis by using a newly generated mouse model in which both murine Met transgene and stabilized β-catenin are conditionally co-expressed in prostatic epithelial cells. These compound mice displayed accelerated prostate tumor formation and invasion compared with their littermates that expressed only stabilized β-catenin. RNA-Seq and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed increased expression of genes associated with tumor cell proliferation, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, Wnt signaling pathways were robustly enriched in prostate tumor samples from the compound mice. ChIP-qPCR experiments revealed increased β-catenin recruitment within the regulatory regions of the Myc gene in tumor cells of the compound mice. Interestingly, the occupancy of MET on the Myc promoter also appeared in the compound mouse tumor samples, implicating a novel role of MET in β-catenin-mediated transcription. Results from implanting prostate graft tissues derived from the compound mice and controls into HGF-transgenic mice further uncovered that HGF induces prostatic oncogenic transformation and cell growth. These results indicate a role of HGF/MET in β-catenin-mediated prostate cancer cell growth and progression and implicate a molecular mechanism whereby nuclear MET promotes aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling-mediated prostate tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Jiaqi Mi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Ariana Pineda
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Adam Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Yongfeng He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-3000.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Olson A, Le V, Aldahl J, Yu EJ, Hooker E, He Y, Lee DH, Kim WK, Cardiff RD, Geradts J, Sun Z. The comprehensive role of E-cadherin in maintaining prostatic epithelial integrity during oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008451. [PMID: 31658259 PMCID: PMC6816545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin complexes with the actin cytoskeleton via cytoplasmic catenins and maintains the functional characteristics and integrity of the epithelia in normal epithelial tissues. Lost expression of E-cadherin disrupts this complex resulting in loss of cell polarity, epithelial denudation and increased epithelial permeability in a variety of tissues. Decreased expression of E-cadherin has also been observed in invasive and metastatic human tumors. In this study, we investigated the effect of E-cadherin loss in prostatic epithelium using newly developed genetically engineered mouse models. Deletion of E-cadherin in prostatic luminal epithelial cells with modified probasin promoter driven Cre (PB-Cre4) induced the development of mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). An increase in levels of cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin appeared in E-cadherin deleted atypical cells within PIN lesions. Using various experimental approaches, we further demonstrated that the knockdown of E-cadherin expression elevated free cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin and enhanced androgen-induced transcription and cell growth. Intriguingly, pathological changes representing prostatic epithelial cell denudation and increased apoptosis accompanied the above PIN lesions. The essential role of E-cadherin in maintaining prostatic epithelial integrity and organization was further demonstrated using organoid culture approaches. To directly assess the role of loss of E-cadherin in prostate tumor progression, we generated a new mouse model with bigenic Cdh1 and Pten deletion in prostate epithelium. Early onset, aggressive tumor phenotypes presented in the compound mice. Strikingly, goblet cell metaplasia was observed, intermixed within prostatic tumor lesions of the compound mice. This study provides multiple lines of novel evidence demonstrating a comprehensive role of E-cadherin in maintaining epithelial integrity during the course of prostate oncogenic transformation, tumor initiation and progression. The biological significance of E-cadherin in maintaining prostatic epithelial integrity and related molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, using mouse genetic tools, we directly address this important and unresolved question. Conditional deletion of E-cadherin in mouse prostatic epithelia resulted in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) development but no prostatic tumor formation. Both in vivo and in vitro data showed that loss of E-cadherin modulates the cellular localization of β-catenin, elevates its cytoplasmic and nuclear levels, and enhances its activity in transcription and cell proliferation. Intriguingly, in addition to PIN lesions, increased epithelial denudation and cell apoptosis also appeared within PIN lesions. This implicates that although lost E-cadherin is sufficient to introduce oncogenic transformation in prostatic epithelia, it also induces cell apoptosis and disrupts epithelial structure, preventing atypical PIN cells from progressing to tumor cells. Simultaneous deletion of Pten, a tumor suppressor, and E-cadherin in prostatic epithelia resulted in early onset, invasive prostatic tumors with admixture of goblet cells. These results demonstrate a critical role of E-cadherin in promoting prostatic tumor transdifferentiation and progression. This study further elucidates the dynamic role of E-cadherin in maintaining prostatic epithelial integrity during tumor initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yongfeng He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Dong-Hong Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McCray T, Moline D, Baumann B, Vander Griend DJ, Nonn L. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis identifies a putative epithelial stem cell population in human primary prostate cells in monolayer and organoid culture conditions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:123-138. [PMID: 31317052 PMCID: PMC6627543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human primary prostate epithelial (PrE) cells represent patient-derived in vitro models and are traditionally grown as a monolayer in two-dimensional culture. It has been recently demonstrated that expansion of primary cells into three-dimensional prostatic organoids better mimics prostate epithelial glands by recapitulating epithelial differentiation and cell polarity. Here, we sought to identify cell populations present in monolayer PrE cells and organoid culture, grown from the same patient, using single-cell RNA-sequencing. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is a powerful tool to analyze transcriptome profiles of thousands of individual cells simultaneously, creating an in-depth atlas of cell populations within a sample. Organoids consisted of six distinct cell clusters (populations) of intermediate differentiation compared to only three clusters in the monolayer prostate epithelial cells. Integrated analysis of the datasets allowed for direct comparison of the monolayer and organoid samples and identified 10 clusters, including a distinct putative prostate stem cell population that was high in Keratin 13 (KRT13), Lymphocyte Antigen 6D (LY6D), and Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA). Many of the genes within the clusters were validated through RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence in PrE samples from 5 additional patients. KRT13+ cells were observed in discrete areas of the parent tissue and organoids. Pathway analyses and lack of EdU incorporation corroborated a stem-like phenotype based on the gene expression and quiescent state of the KRT13+ cluster. Other clusters within the samples were similar to epithelial populations reported within patient prostate tissues. In summary, these data show that the epithelial stem population is preserved in PrE cultures, with organoids uniquely expanding intermediate cell types not present in monolayer culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara McCray
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago 60612, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Moline
- Committee on Development, Regenerative, and Stem Cell Biology (DRSB), University of ChicagoChicago 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Bethany Baumann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago 60612, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago 60612, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicago 60612, Illinois, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago 60612, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicago 60612, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei X, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Kwon OJ, Zhang Y, Nguyen H, Dumpit R, True L, Nelson P, Dong B, Xue W, Birchmeier W, Taketo MM, Xu F, Creighton CJ, Ittmann MM, Xin L. Spatially Restricted Stromal Wnt Signaling Restrains Prostate Epithelial Progenitor Growth through Direct and Indirect Mechanisms. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:753-768.e6. [PMID: 30982770 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-autonomous Wnt signaling has well-characterized functions in controlling stem cell activity, including in the prostate. While niche cells secrete Wnt ligands, the effects of Wnt signaling in niche cells per se are less understood. Here, we show that stromal cells in the proximal prostatic duct near the urethra, a mouse prostate stem cell niche, not only produce multiple Wnt ligands but also exhibit strong Wnt/β-catenin activity. The non-canonical Wnt ligand Wnt5a, secreted by proximal stromal cells, directly inhibits proliefration of prostate epithelial stem or progenitor cells whereas stromal cell-autonomous canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling indirectly suppresses prostate stem or progenitor activity via the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway. Collectively, these pathways restrain the proliferative potential of epithelial cells in the proximal prostatic ducts. Human prostate likewise exhibits spatially restricted distribution of stromal Wnt/β-catenin activity, suggesting a conserved mechanism for tissue patterning. Thus, this study shows how distinct stromal signaling mechanisms within the prostate cooperate to regulate tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruth Dumpit
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lawrence True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Nelson
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aldahl J, Yu EJ, He Y, Hooker E, Wong M, Le V, Olson A, Lee DH, Kim WK, Murtaugh CL, Cunha GR, Sun Z. A pivotal role of androgen signaling in Notch-responsive cells in prostate development, maturation, and regeneration. Differentiation 2019; 107:1-10. [PMID: 30927641 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgen signaling is essential for prostate development, morphogenesis, and regeneration. Emerging evidence also indicates a regulatory role of Notch signaling in prostate development, differentiation, and growth. However, the collaborative regulatory mechanisms of androgen and Notch signaling during prostate development, growth, and regeneration are largely unknown. Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (Hes1) is a transcriptional regulator of Notch signaling pathways, and its expression is responsive to Notch signaling. Hes1-expressing cells have been shown to possess the regenerative capability to repopulate a variety of adult tissues. In this study, we developed new mouse models to directly assess the role of the androgen receptor in prostatic Hes1-expressing cells. Selective deletion of AR expression in embryonic Hes1-expressing cells impeded early prostate development both in vivo and in tissue xenograft experiments. Prepubescent deletion of AR expression in Hes1-expressing cells resulted in prostate glands containing abnormalities in cell morphology and gland architecture. A population of castration-resistant Hes1-expressing cells was revealed in the adult prostate, with the ability to repopulate prostate epithelium following androgen supplementation. Deletion of AR in Hes1-expressing cells diminishes their regenerative ability. These lines of evidence demonstrate a critical role for the AR in Notch-responsive cells during the course of prostate development, morphogenesis, and regeneration, and implicate a mechanism underlying interaction between the androgen and Notch signaling pathways in the mouse prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA
| | - Yongfeng He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA
| | - Monica Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Adam Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Charles L Murtaugh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He Y, Hooker E, Yu EJ, Cunha GR, Liao L, Xu J, Earl A, Wu H, Gonzalgo ML, Sun Z. Androgen signaling is essential for development of prostate cancer initiated from prostatic basal cells. Oncogene 2018; 38:2337-2350. [PMID: 30510232 PMCID: PMC6440846 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that both prostatic basal and luminal cells are able to initiate oncogenic transformation. However, despite the diversity of tumor-initiating cells, most prostate cancer cells express the androgen receptor (AR) and depend on androgens for their growth and expansion, implicating an essential role of androgen signaling in prostate tumorigenesis. Prostatic basal cells express p63 and are able to differentiate into luminal, neuroendocrine, and basal cells. Here, we directly assessed the essential role of androgen signaling in prostatic p63-expressing cell initiated oncogenic transformation and tumor formation. Using novel and relevant mouse models, we demonstrated that, with stabilized β-catenin expression, prostatic p63-expressing cells possess the ability to initiate oncogenic transformation and, in the presence of androgens, they further transdifferentiate into luminal-like tumor cells and develop adenocarcinomas. Castration prior to activating stabilized β-catenin sensitizes p63-expressing cells and increases their sensitivity to androgens, resulting in aggressive and fast growing tumor phenotypes. These findings are consistent with what have been observed in human prostate cancers, demonstrating an essential role for androgen signaling in prostate cancer initiation and progression. This study also provides fresh insight into developing new therapeutic strategies for better treating prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Earl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Michael L Gonzalgo
- Department of Urology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fucic A, Aghajanyan A, Culig Z, Le Novere N. Systems Oncology: Bridging Pancreatic and Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1269-1277. [PMID: 30220022 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Large investments by pharmaceutical companies in the development of new antineoplastic drugs have not been resulting in adequate advances of new therapies. Despite the introduction of new methods, technologies, translational medicine and bioinformatics, the usage of collected knowledge is unsatisfactory. In this paper, using examples of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PaC) and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), we proposed a concept showing that, in order to improve applicability of current knowledge in oncology, the re-clustering of clinical and scientific data is crucial. Such an approach, based on systems oncology, would include bridging of data on biomarkers and pathways between different cancer types. Proposed concept would introduce a new matrix, which enables combining of already approved therapies between cancer types. Paper provides a (a) detailed analysis of similarities in mechanisms of etiology and progression between PaC and CRPC, (b) diabetes as common hallmark of both cancer types and (c) knowledge gaps and directions of future investigations. Proposed horizontal and vertical matrix in cancer profiling has potency to improve current antineoplastic therapy efficacy. Systems biology map using Systems Biology Graphical Notation Language is used for summarizing complex interactions and similarities of mechanisms in biology of PaC and CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Aghajanyan
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Z Culig
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
He Y, Hooker E, Yu EJ, Wu H, Cunha GR, Sun Z. An Indispensable Role of Androgen Receptor in Wnt Responsive Cells During Prostate Development, Maturation, and Regeneration. Stem Cells 2018; 36:891-902. [PMID: 29451339 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgen signaling is essential for prostate development, morphogenesis, and regeneration. Emerging evidence indicates that Wnt/β-catenin signaling also contributes to prostate development specifically through regulation of cell fate determination. Prostatic Axin2-expressing cells are able to respond to Wnt signals and possess the progenitor properties to regenerate prostatic epithelium. Despite critical roles of both signaling pathways, the biological significance of androgen receptor (AR) in Axin2-expressing/Wnt-responsive cells remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated this important question using a series of newly generated mouse models. Deletion of Ar in embryonic Axin2-expressing cells impaired early prostate development in both ex vivo and tissue implantation experiments. When Ar expression was deleted in prostatic Axin2-expressing cells at pre-puberty stages, it results in smaller and underdeveloped prostates. A subpopulation of Axin2 expressing cells in prostate epithelium is resistant to castration and, following androgen supplementation, is capable to expand to prostatic luminal cells. Deletion of Ar in these Axin2-expressing cells reduces their regenerative ability. These lines of evidence demonstrate an indispensable role for the Ar in Wnt-responsive cells during the course of prostate development, morphogenesis, and regeneration, which also imply an underlying interaction between the androgen and Wnt signaling pathways in the mouse prostate. Stem Cells 2018;36:891-902.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yuan X, Pei X, Zhao Y, Tulu US, Liu B, Helms JA. A Wnt-Responsive PDL Population Effectuates Extraction Socket Healing. J Dent Res 2018; 97:803-809. [PMID: 29420105 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518755719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells residing in the periodontal ligament (PDL) support the homeostasis of the periodontium, but their in vivo identity, source(s), and function(s) remain poorly understood. Here, using a lineage-tracing mouse strain, we identified a quiescent Wnt-responsive population in the PDL that became activated in response to tooth extraction. The Wnt-responsive population expanded by proliferation, then migrated from the PDL remnants that remained attached to bundle bone, into the socket. Once there, the Wnt-responsive progeny upregulated osteogenic protein expression, differentiated into osteoblasts, and generated the new bone that healed the socket. Using a liposomal WNT3A protein therapeutic, we showed that a single application at the time of extraction was sufficient to accelerate extraction socket healing 2-fold. Collectively, these data identify a new stem cell population in the intact periodontium that is directly responsible for alveolar bone healing after tooth removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Yuan
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - X Pei
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Zhao
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,3 Department of Oral Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - U S Tulu
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B Liu
- 4 Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J A Helms
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miranda BH, Charlesworth MR, Tobin DJ, Sharpe DT, Randall VA. Androgens trigger different growth responses in genetically identical human hair follicles in organ culture that reflect their epigenetic diversity in life. FASEB J 2018; 32:795-806. [PMID: 29046359 PMCID: PMC5928870 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700260rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Male sex hormones-androgens-regulate male physique development. Without androgen signaling, genetic males appear female. During puberty, increasing androgens harness the hair follicle's unique regenerative ability to replace many tiny vellus hairs with larger, darker terminal hairs ( e.g., beard). Follicle response is epigenetically varied: some remain unaffected ( e.g., eyelashes) or are inhibited, causing balding. How sex steroid hormones alter such developmental processes is unclear, despite high incidences of hormone-driven cancer, hirsutism, and alopecia. Unfortunately, existing development models are not androgen sensitive. Here, we use hair follicles to establish an androgen-responsive human organ culture model. We show that women's intermediate facial follicles respond to men's higher androgen levels by synthesizing more hair over several days, unlike donor-matched, androgen-insensitive, terminal follicles. We demonstrate that androgen receptors-androgen-activated gene transcription regulators-are required and are present in vivo within these follicles. This is the first human organ that involves multiple cell types that responds appropriately to hormones in prolonged culture, in a way which mirrors its natural behavior. Thus, intermediate hair follicles offer a hormone-switchable human model with exceptional, unique availability of genetically identical, but epigenetically hormone-insensitive, terminal follicles. This should enable advances in understanding sex steroid hormone signaling, gene regulation, and developmental and regenerative systems and facilitate better therapies for hormone-dependent disorders.-Miranda, B. H., Charlesworth, M. R., Tobin, D. J., Sharpe, D. T., Randall, V. A. Androgens trigger different growth responses in genetically identical human hair follicles in organ culture that reflect their epigenetic diversity in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Miranda
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Plastic Surgery and Burns Research Unit, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - David T Sharpe
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Plastic Surgery and Burns Research Unit, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie A Randall
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Toivanen R, Shen MM. Prostate organogenesis: tissue induction, hormonal regulation and cell type specification. Development 2017; 144:1382-1398. [PMID: 28400434 DOI: 10.1242/dev.148270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate organogenesis is a complex process that is primarily mediated by the presence of androgens and subsequent mesenchyme-epithelial interactions. The investigation of prostate development is partly driven by its potential relevance to prostate cancer, in particular the apparent re-awakening of key developmental programs that occur during tumorigenesis. However, our current knowledge of the mechanisms that drive prostate organogenesis is far from complete. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of prostate development, focusing on recent findings regarding sexual dimorphism, bud induction, branching morphogenesis and cellular differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Toivanen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mills KM, Szczerkowski JLA, Habib SJ. Wnt ligand presentation and reception: from the stem cell niche to tissue engineering. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.170140. [PMID: 28814649 PMCID: PMC5577451 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside in niches where spatially restricted signals maintain a delicate balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Wnt family proteins are particularly suited for this role as they are modified by lipids, which constrain and spatially regulate their signalling range. In recent years, Wnt/β-catenin signalling has been shown to be essential for the self-renewal of a variety of mammalian stem cells. In this review, we discuss Wnt-responsive stem cells in their niche, and mechanisms by which Wnt ligands are presented to responsive cells. We also highlight recent progress in molecular visualization that has allowed for the monitoring of Wnt signalling within the stem cell compartment and new approaches to recapitulate this niche signalling in vitro Indeed, new technologies that present Wnt in a localized manner and mimic the three-dimensional microenvironment of stem cells will advance our understanding of Wnt signalling in the stem cell niche. These advances will expand current horizons to exploit Wnt ligands in the rapidly evolving fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Mills
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James L A Szczerkowski
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shukry J Habib
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A Comparative Perspective on Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling in Cell Fate Determination. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 61:323-350. [PMID: 28409312 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an ancient and highly conserved signalling pathway that plays fundamental roles in the regulation of embryonic development and adult homeostasis. This pathway has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphological changes and apoptosis. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate with specific examples the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in cell fate determination. We discuss the roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in specifying cell fate throughout evolution, how its function in patterning during development is often reactivated during regeneration and how perturbation of this pathway has negative consequences for the control of cell fate.The origin of all life was a single cell that had the capacity to respond to cues from the environment. With evolution, multicellular organisms emerged, and as a result, subsets of cells arose to form tissues able to respond to specific instructive signals and perform specialised functions. This complexity and specialisation required two types of messages to direct cell fate: intra- and intercellular. A fundamental question in developmental biology is to understand the underlying mechanisms of cell fate choice. Amongst the numerous external cues involved in the generation of cellular diversity, a prominent pathway is the Wnt signalling pathway in all its forms.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ransom RC, Hunter DJ, Hyman S, Singh G, Ransom SC, Shen EZ, Perez KC, Gillette M, Li J, Liu B, Brunski JB, Helms JA. Axin2-expressing cells execute regeneration after skeletal injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36524. [PMID: 27853243 PMCID: PMC5113299 DOI: 10.1038/srep36524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton performs a diverse range of vital functions, requiring mechanisms of regeneration that restore functional skeletal cell populations after injury. We hypothesized that the Wnt pathway specifies distinct functional subsets of skeletal cell types, and that lineage tracing of Wnt-responding cells (WRCs) using the Axin2 gene in mice identifies a population of long-lived skeletal cells on the periosteum of long bone. Ablation of these WRCs disrupts healing after injury, and three-dimensional finite element modeling of the regenerate delineates their essential role in functional bone regeneration. These progenitor cells in the periosteum are activated upon injury and give rise to both cartilage and bone. Indeed, our findings suggest that WRCs may serve as a therapeutic target in the setting of impaired skeletal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D J Hunter
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - S Hyman
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - G Singh
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - S C Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - E Z Shen
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - K C Perez
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - M Gillette
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - J Li
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - B Liu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - J B Brunski
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - J A Helms
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| |
Collapse
|