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Shin Y, Cho D, Kim SK, Chun JS. STING mediates experimental osteoarthritis and mechanical allodynia in mouse. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:90. [PMID: 37259103 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to develop therapeutic targets of osteoarthritis (OA) that can be targeted to alleviate OA development (i.e., cartilage destruction) and relieve the OA-associated joint pain. METHODS The candidate molecule, STING (stimulator of interferon genes, encoded by Sting1), was identified by microarray analysis of OA-like mouse chondrocytes. Experimental OA in mice was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). STING functions in OA and hindpaw mechanical allodynia were evaluated by gain-of-function (intra-articular injection of a STING agonist) and loss-of-function (Sting1-/- mice) approaches. RESULTS DNA damage was observed in OA-like chondrocytes. Cytosolic DNA sensors, STING and its upstream molecule, cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase), were upregulated in OA chondrocytes and cartilage of mouse and human. Genetic ablation of STING in mice (Sting1-/-) alleviated OA manifestations (cartilage destruction and subchondral bone sclerosis) and hindpaw mechanical allodynia. In contrast, stimulation of STING signaling in joint tissues by intra-articular injection of cGAMP exacerbated OA manifestations and mechanical sensitization. Mechanistic studies on the regulation of hindpaw mechanical allodynia revealed that STING regulates the expression of peripheral sensitization molecules in the synovium and meniscus of mouse knee joints. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that STING, which senses damaged cytosolic DNA and accordingly activates the innate immune response, regulates OA pathogenesis and hindpaw mechanical allodynia. Therefore, inhibition of STING could be a therapeutic approach to inhibit OA cartilage destruction and relieve the associated mechanical sensitization in model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngnim Shin
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Deborah Cho
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Goodwin G, Bove GM, Dayment B, Dilley A. Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Ectopic Axonal Receptive Fields in Inflamed Nerves and Following Axonal Transport Disruption. Neuroscience 2020; 429:10-22. [PMID: 31874241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radiating pain is a significant feature of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions such as radiculopathies, repetitive motion disorders and whiplash associated disorders. It is reported to be caused by the development of mechanically-sensitive ectopic receptive fields along intact nociceptor axons at sites of peripheral neuroinflammation (neuritis). Since inflammation disrupts axonal transport, we have hypothesised that anterogradely-transported mechanically sensitive ion channels accumulate at the site of disruption, which leads to axonal mechanical sensitivity (AMS). In this study, we have characterised the mechanical properties of the ectopic axonal receptive fields in the rat and have examined the contribution of mechanically sensitive ion channels to the development of AMS following neuritis and vinblastine-induced axonal transport disruption. In both models, there was a positive force-discharge relationship and mechanical thresholds were low (∼9 mN/mm2). All responses were attenuated by Ruthenium Red and FM1-43, which block mechanically sensitive ion channels. In both models, the transport of TRPV1 and TRPA1 was disrupted, and intraneural injection of agonists of these channels caused responses in neurons with AMS following neuritis but not vinblastine treatment. In summary, these data support a role for mechanically sensitive ion channels in the development of AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Goodwin
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK
| | | | - Bryony Dayment
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Andrew Dilley
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
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3
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Corrigan F, Mander KA, Leonard AV, Vink R. Neurogenic inflammation after traumatic brain injury and its potentiation of classical inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:264. [PMID: 27724914 PMCID: PMC5057243 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neuroinflammatory response following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to be a key secondary injury factor that can drive ongoing neuronal injury. Despite this, treatments that have targeted aspects of the inflammatory pathway have not shown significant efficacy in clinical trials. Main body We suggest that this may be because classical inflammation only represents part of the story, with activation of neurogenic inflammation potentially one of the key initiating inflammatory events following TBI. Indeed, evidence suggests that the transient receptor potential cation channels (TRP channels), TRPV1 and TRPA1, are polymodal receptors that are activated by a variety of stimuli associated with TBI, including mechanical shear stress, leading to the release of neuropeptides such as substance P (SP). SP augments many aspects of the classical inflammatory response via activation of microglia and astrocytes, degranulation of mast cells, and promoting leukocyte migration. Furthermore, SP may initiate the earliest changes seen in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, namely the increased transcellular transport of plasma proteins via activation of caveolae. This is in line with reports that alterations in transcellular transport are seen first following TBI, prior to decreases in expression of tight-junction proteins such as claudin-5 and occludin. Indeed, the receptor for SP, the tachykinin NK1 receptor, is found in caveolae and its activation following TBI may allow influx of albumin and other plasma proteins which directly augment the inflammatory response by activating astrocytes and microglia. Conclusions As such, the neurogenic inflammatory response can exacerbate classical inflammation via a positive feedback loop, with classical inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin and prostaglandins then further stimulating TRP receptors. Accordingly, complete inhibition of neuroinflammation following TBI may require the inhibition of both classical and neurogenic inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Corrigan
- Adelaide Centre for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Kimberley A Mander
- Adelaide Centre for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna V Leonard
- Adelaide Centre for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Vink
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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4
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McEntire DM, Kirkpatrick DR, Dueck NP, Kerfeld MJ, Smith TA, Nelson TJ, Reisbig MD, Agrawal DK. Pain transduction: a pharmacologic perspective. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:1069-80. [PMID: 27137678 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1183481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain represents a necessary physiological function yet remains a significant pathological process in humans across the world. The transduction of a nociceptive stimulus refers to the processes that turn a noxious stimulus into a transmissible neurological signal. This involves a number of ion channels that facilitate the conversion of nociceptive stimulus into and electrical signal. AREAS COVERED An understanding of nociceptive physiology complements a discussion of analgesic pharmacology. Therefore, the two are presented together. In this review article, a critical evaluation is provided on research findings relating to both the physiology and pharmacology of relevant acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, and voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels. Expert commentary: Despite significant steps toward identifying new and more effective modalities to treat pain, there remain many avenues of inquiry related to pain transduction. The activity of ASICs in nociception has been demonstrated but the physiology is not fully understood. A number of medications appear to interact with ASICs but no research has demonstrated pain-relieving clinical utility. Direct antagonism of TRPV1 channels is not in practice due to concerning side effects. However, work in this area is ongoing. Additional research in the of TRPA1, TRPV3, and TRPM8 may yield useful results. Local anesthetics are widely used. However, the risk for systemic effects limits the maximal safe dosage. Selective Nav antagonists have been identified that lack systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan M McEntire
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Daniel R Kirkpatrick
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Nicholas P Dueck
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Mitchell J Kerfeld
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Tyler A Smith
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Taylor J Nelson
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Mark D Reisbig
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
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Evodiamine suppresses capsaicin-induced thermal hyperalgesia through activation and subsequent desensitization of the transient receptor potential V1 channels. J Nat Med 2015; 70:1-7. [PMID: 26188960 PMCID: PMC5329085 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evodiae fructus (EF), a fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, has long been used as an analgesic drug in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of its pharmacological action is unclear. Here, using calcium imaging, whole-cell patch-clamp recording, and behavioral analysis, we investigated the pharmacological action of EF and its principal compound, evodiamine, on the transient receptor potential (TRP) V1 channels. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and TRPV1- or TRPA1-transfected human embryonic kidney-derived (HEK) 293 cells were used for calcium imaging or whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Twenty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the capsaicin-induced thermal hyperalgesia behavioral analyses. We found that evodiamine induced significant increases in intracellular calcium and robust inward currents in a subpopulation of isolated rat DRG neurons, most of which were also sensitive to capsaicin. The effect of evodiamine was completely blocked by capsazepine, a competitive antagonist of TRPV1. Evodiamine induced significant inward currents in TRPV1-, but not TRPA1-transfected HEK293 cells. Pretreatment with evodiamine reduced capsaicin-induced currents significantly. Furthermore, the in vivo pre-treatment of evodiamine suppressed thermal hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of capsaicin in rats. These results identify that the analgesic effect of EF and evodiamine may be due to the activation and subsequent desensitization of TRPV1 in sensory neurons.
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Schuelert N, Just S, Kuelzer R, Corradini L, Gorham LCJ, Doods H. The somatostatin receptor 4 agonist J-2156 reduces mechanosensitivity of peripheral nerve afferents and spinal neurons in an inflammatory pain model. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:274-81. [PMID: 25445035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission via interaction with G protein-coupled SST receptors and inhibition of the release of different hormones. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the analgesic properties of the selective SSTR4 agonist J-2156 are mediated via peripheral and/or spinal receptors. Effect on mechanical hyperalgesia in the Complete Freund׳s Adjuvant (CFA) model was measured after intraperitoneal application of J-2156. Electrophysiological neuronal recordings were conducted 24 h after injection of CFA or vehicle into the paw of Wistar rats. Mechanosensitivity of peripheral afferents of the saphenous nerve as well as of spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) and nociceptive-specific (NS) neurons were measured after systemic or spinal application of J-2156. In CFA animals J-2156 dose dependently reduced hyperalgesia in behavioral studies. The minimal effective dose was 0.1 mg/kg. Mechanosensitivity of peripheral afferents and spinal neurons was significantly reduced by J-2156. NS neurons were dose dependently inhibited by J-2156 while in WDR neurons only the highest concentration of 100 µM had an effect. In sham controls, J-2156 had no effect on neuronal activity. We demonstrated that J-2156 dose-dependently reduces peripheral and spinal neuronal excitability in the CFA rat model without affecting physiological pain transmission. Given the high concentration of the compound required to inhibit spinal neurons, it is unlikely that the behavioral effect seen in CFA model is mediated centrally. Overall these data demonstrated that the analgesic effect of J-2156 is mediated mainly via peripheral SST4 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/blood
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacokinetics
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/blood
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Butanes/administration & dosage
- Butanes/blood
- Butanes/pharmacokinetics
- Butanes/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophysiological Phenomena/drug effects
- Hyperalgesia/blood
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/immunology
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Mechanoreceptors/drug effects
- Mechanoreceptors/immunology
- Mechanoreceptors/metabolism
- Naphthalenes/administration & dosage
- Naphthalenes/blood
- Naphthalenes/pharmacokinetics
- Naphthalenes/therapeutic use
- Neuritis/blood
- Neuritis/drug therapy
- Neuritis/immunology
- Neuritis/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/immunology
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Nociceptors/drug effects
- Nociceptors/immunology
- Nociceptors/metabolism
- Peripheral Nerves/drug effects
- Peripheral Nerves/immunology
- Peripheral Nerves/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Somatostatin/agonists
- Receptors, Somatostatin/metabolism
- Spinal Nerves/drug effects
- Spinal Nerves/immunology
- Spinal Nerves/metabolism
- Sulfones/administration & dosage
- Sulfones/blood
- Sulfones/pharmacokinetics
- Sulfones/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Schuelert
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Stefan Just
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Raimund Kuelzer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Support, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Laura Corradini
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Louise C J Gorham
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Henri Doods
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany
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7
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Schuelert N, Just S, Corradini L, Kuelzer R, Bernloehr C, Doods H. The bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist BI113823 reverses inflammatory hyperalgesia by desensitization of peripheral and spinal neurons. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:132-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Schuelert
- Department of CNS Diseases Research; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG; Biberach Germany
| | - S. Just
- Department of CNS Diseases Research; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG; Biberach Germany
| | - L. Corradini
- Department of CNS Diseases Research; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG; Biberach Germany
| | - R. Kuelzer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Support; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG; Biberach Germany
| | - C. Bernloehr
- Department of CNS Diseases Research; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG; Biberach Germany
| | - H. Doods
- Department of CNS Diseases Research; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG; Biberach Germany
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8
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Mitchell K, Lebovitz EE, Keller JM, Mannes AJ, Nemenov MI, Iadarola MJ. Nociception and inflammatory hyperalgesia evaluated in rodents using infrared laser stimulation after Trpv1 gene knockout or resiniferatoxin lesion. Pain 2014; 155:733-745. [PMID: 24434730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
TRPV1 is expressed in a subpopulation of myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C-fibers. TRPV1+ fibers are essential for the transmission of nociceptive thermal stimuli and for the establishment and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia. We have previously shown that high-power, short-duration pulses from an infrared diode laser are capable of predominantly activating cutaneous TRPV1+ Aδ-fibers. Here we show that stimulating either subtype of TRPV1+ fiber in the paw during carrageenan-induced inflammation or following hind-paw incision elicits pronounced hyperalgesic responses, including prolonged paw guarding. The ultrapotent TRPV1 agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX) dose-dependently deactivates TRPV1+ fibers and blocks thermal nociceptive responses in baseline or inflamed conditions. Injecting sufficient doses of RTX peripherally renders animals unresponsive to laser stimulation even at the point of acute thermal skin damage. In contrast, Trpv1-/- mice, which are generally unresponsive to noxious thermal stimuli at lower power settings, exhibit withdrawal responses and inflammation-induced sensitization using high-power, short duration Aδ stimuli. In rats, systemic morphine suppresses paw withdrawal, inflammatory guarding, and hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent fashion using the same Aδ stimuli. The qualitative intensity of Aδ responses, the leftward shift of the stimulus-response curve, the increased guarding behaviors during carrageenan inflammation or after incision, and the reduction of Aδ responses with morphine suggest multiple roles for TRPV1+ Aδ fibers in nociceptive processes and their modulation of pathological pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Mitchell
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA Lasmed LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA Neurobiology and Pain Therapeutics Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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10
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Kiyatkin ME, Feng B, Schwartz ES, Gebhart GF. Combined genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 and P2X3 attenuates colorectal hypersensitivity and afferent sensitization. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G638-48. [PMID: 23989007 PMCID: PMC3840237 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00180.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-gated channels transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and P2X3 have been reported to facilitate colorectal afferent neuron sensitization, thus contributing to organ hypersensitivity and pain. In the present study, we hypothesized that TRPV1 and P2X3 cooperate to modulate colorectal nociception and afferent sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we employed TRPV1-P2X3 double knockout (TPDKO) mice and channel-selective pharmacological antagonists and evaluated combined channel contributions to behavioral responses to colorectal distension (CRD) and afferent fiber responses to colorectal stretch. Baseline responses to CRD were unexpectedly greater in TPDKO compared with control mice, but zymosan-produced CRD hypersensitivity was absent in TPDKO mice. Relative to control mice, proportions of mechanosensitive and -insensitive pelvic nerve afferent classes were not different in TPDKO mice. Responses of mucosal and serosal class afferents to mechanical probing were unaffected, whereas responses of muscular (but not muscular/mucosal) afferents to stretch were significantly attenuated in TPDKO mice; sensitization of both muscular and muscular/mucosal afferents by inflammatory soup was also significantly attenuated. In pharmacological studies, the TRPV1 antagonist A889425 and P2X3 antagonist TNP-ATP, alone and in combination, applied onto stretch-sensitive afferent endings attenuated responses to stretch; combined antagonism produced greater attenuation. In the aggregate, these observations suggest that 1) genetic manipulation of TRPV1 and P2X3 leads to reduction in colorectal mechanosensation peripherally and compensatory changes and/or disinhibition of other channels centrally, 2) combined pharmacological antagonism produces more robust attenuation of mechanosensation peripherally than does antagonism of either channel alone, and 3) the relative importance of these channels appears to be enhanced in colorectal hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Kiyatkin
- Center for Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bin Feng
- Center for Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica S. Schwartz
- Center for Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - G. F. Gebhart
- Center for Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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11
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Kelly S, Chapman RJ, Woodhams S, Sagar DR, Turner J, Burston JJ, Bullock C, Paton K, Huang J, Wong A, McWilliams DF, Okine BN, Barrett DA, Hathway GJ, Walsh DA, Chapman V. Increased function of pronociceptive TRPV1 at the level of the joint in a rat model of osteoarthritis pain. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:252-9. [PMID: 24152419 PMCID: PMC4283626 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) with systemic antagonists attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) pain behaviour in rat models, but on-target-mediated hyperthermia has halted clinical trials. The present study investigated the potential for targeting TRPV1 receptors within the OA joint in order to produce analgesia. METHODS The presence of TRPV1 receptors in human synovium was detected using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In a rat model of OA, joint levels of an endogenous ligand for TRPV1, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Effects of peripheral administration of the TRPV1 receptor antagonist JNJ-17203212 on afferent fibre activity, pain behaviour and core body temperature were investigated. Effects of a spinal administration of JNJ-17203212 on dorsal horn neuronal responses were studied. RESULTS We demonstrate increased TRPV1 immunoreactivity in human OA synovium, confirming the diseased joint as a potential therapeutic target for TRPV1-mediated analgesia. In a model of OA pain, we report increased joint levels of 12-HETE, and the sensitisation of joint afferent neurones to mechanical stimulation of the knee. Local administration of JNJ-17203212 reversed this sensitisation of joint afferents and inhibited pain behaviour (weight-bearing asymmetry), to a comparable extent as systemic JNJ-17203212, in this model of OA pain, but did not alter core body temperature. There was no evidence for increased TRPV1 function in the spinal cord in this model of OA pain. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a clinical and mechanistic rationale for the future investigation of the therapeutic benefits of intra-articular administration of TRPV1 antagonists for the treatment of OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kelly
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - R J Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - S Woodhams
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - D R Sagar
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Turner
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - J J Burston
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Bullock
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - K Paton
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - J Huang
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Wong
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D F McWilliams
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Division of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - B N Okine
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - G J Hathway
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Division of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - V Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Targeting TRP channels for pain relief. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 716:61-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Reichling DB, Green PG, Levine JD. The fundamental unit of pain is the cell. Pain 2013; 154 Suppl 1:S2-9. [PMID: 23711480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular/genetic era has seen the discovery of a staggering number of molecules implicated in pain mechanisms [18,35,61,69,96,133,150,202,224]. This has stimulated pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to invest billions of dollars to develop drugs that enhance or inhibit the function of many these molecules. Unfortunately this effort has provided a remarkably small return on this investment. Inevitably, transformative progress in this field will require a better understanding of the functional links among the ever-growing ranks of "pain molecules," as well as their links with an even larger number of molecules with which they interact. Importantly, all of these molecules exist side-by-side, within a functional unit, the cell, and its adjacent matrix of extracellular molecules. To paraphrase a recent editorial in Science magazine [223], although we live in the Golden age of Genetics, the fundamental unit of biology is still arguably the cell, and the cell is the critical structural and functional setting in which the function of pain-related molecules must be understood. This review summarizes our current understanding of the nociceptor as a cell-biological unit that responds to a variety of extracellular inputs with a complex and highly organized interaction of signaling molecules. We also discuss the insights that this approach is providing into peripheral mechanisms of chronic pain and sex dependence in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Reichling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Neuroscience, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Multisteric TRPV1 nocisensor: a target for analgesics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:646-55. [PMID: 23068431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cloning of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), the heat-gated cation channel/capsaicin receptor expressed by sensory neurons, has opened the door for development of new types of analgesics that selectively act on nociceptors. Here we summarize mutagenetic evidence for selective loss of responsiveness to vanilloids, protons, and heat stimuli to provide clues for avoiding on-target side effects of hyperthermia and burn risk. It is suggested that the complex chemoceptive thermosensor function of TRPV1 (which is modulated by depolarizing stimuli) can be attributed to multisteric gating functions. In this way, it forms the prototype of a new class of ion channels different from the canonical voltage-gated and ligand-gated ones. Several endogenous lipid ligands activate and inhibit TRPV1 and its gating initiates sensory transducer and mediator-releasing functions. Second generation TRPV1 antagonists that do not induce hyperthermia are under development, and a dermal capsaicin patch is already on the market for long-term treatment of neuropathic pain.
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