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Hosseini SM, Borys B, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Neural stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury repair: an update on recent preclinical and clinical advances. Brain 2024; 147:766-793. [PMID: 37975820 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of lifelong disabilities. Permanent sensory, motor and autonomic impairments after SCI are substantially attributed to degeneration of spinal cord neurons and axons, and disintegration of neural network. To date, minimal regenerative treatments are available for SCI with an unmet need for new therapies to reconstruct the damaged spinal cord neuron-glia network and restore connectivity with the supraspinal pathways. Multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) have a unique capacity to generate neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Due to this capacity, NPCs have been an attractive cell source for cellular therapies for SCI. Transplantation of NPCs has been extensively tested in preclinical models of SCI in the past two decades. These studies have identified opportunities and challenges associated with NPC therapies. While NPCs have the potential to promote neuroregeneration through various mechanisms, their low long-term survival and integration within the host injured spinal cord limit the functional benefits of NPC-based therapies for SCI. To address this challenge, combinatorial strategies have been developed to optimize the outcomes of NPC therapies by enriching SCI microenvironment through biomaterials, genetic and pharmacological therapies. In this review, we will provide an in-depth discussion on recent advances in preclinical NPC-based therapies for SCI. We will discuss modes of actions and mechanism by which engrafted NPCs contribute to the repair process and functional recovery. We will also provide an update on current clinical trials and new technologies that have facilitated preparation of medical-grade human NPCs suitable for transplantation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ben Borys
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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2
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Xu B, Liu D, Liu W, Long G, Liu W, Wu Y, He X, Shen Y, Jiang P, Yin M, Fan Y, Shen H, Shi L, Zhang Q, Xue W, Jin C, Chen Z, Chen B, Li J, Hu Y, Li X, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Dai J. Engineered human spinal cord-like tissues with dorsal and ventral neuronal progenitors for spinal cord injury repair in rats and monkeys. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:125-137. [PMID: 37064803 PMCID: PMC10090126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplanting human neural progenitor cells is a promising method of replenishing the lost neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI), but differentiating neural progenitor cells into the diverse types of mature functional spinal cord neurons in vivo is challenging. In this study, engineered human embryonic spinal cord-like tissues with dorsal and ventral neuronal characters (DV-SC) were generated by inducing human neural progenitor cells (hscNPCs) to differentiate into various types of dorsal and ventral neuronal cells on collagen scaffold in vitro. Transplantation of DV-SC into complete SCI models in rats and monkeys showed better therapeutic effects than undifferentiated hscNPCs, including pronounced cell survival and maturation. DV-SC formed a targeted connection with the host's ascending and descending axons, partially restored interrupted neural circuits, and improved motor evoked potentials and the hindlimb function of animals with SCI. This suggests that the transplantation of pre-differentiated hscNPCs with spinal cord dorsal and ventral neuronal characteristics could be a promising strategy for SCI repair.
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3
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Sasserath T, Robertson AL, Mendez R, Hays TT, Smith E, Cooper H, Akanda N, Rumsey JW, Guo X, Farkhondeh A, Pradhan M, Baumgaertel K, Might M, Rodems S, Zheng W, Hickman JJ. An induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NMJ platform for study of the NGLY1-Congenital Disorder of Deglycosylation. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2200009. [PMID: 36589922 PMCID: PMC9798846 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There are many neurological rare diseases where animal models have proven inadequate or do not currently exist. NGLY1 Deficiency, a congenital disorder of deglycosylation, is a rare disease that predominantly affects motor control, especially control of neuromuscular action. In this study, NGLY1-deficient, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into motoneurons (MNs) to identify disease phenotypes analogous to clinical disease pathology with significant deficits apparent in the NGLY1-deficient lines compared to the control. A neuromuscular junction (NMJ) model was developed using patient and wild type (WT) MNs to study functional differences between healthy and diseased NMJs. Reduced axon length, increased and shortened axon branches, MN action potential (AP) bursting and decreased AP firing rate and amplitude were observed in the NGLY1-deficient MNs in monoculture. When transitioned to the NMJ-coculture system, deficits in NMJ number, stability, failure rate, and synchronicity with indirect skeletal muscle (SkM) stimulation were observed. This project establishes a phenotypic NGLY1 model for investigation of possible therapeutics and investigations into mechanistic deficits in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Ashley L Robertson
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Roxana Mendez
- University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Tristan T Hays
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Ethan Smith
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Helena Cooper
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Nesar Akanda
- University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - John W Rumsey
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Xiufang Guo
- University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Atena Farkhondeh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building C, Room 310W Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Manisha Pradhan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building C, Room 310W Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Karsten Baumgaertel
- Travere Therapeutics, 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 300, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Might
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, 510 20th St S, Office 858B, Birmingham, AL 35210, USA
| | - Steven Rodems
- Travere Therapeutics, 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 300, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building C, Room 310W Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
- University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
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4
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Assessing fetal human neural stem cells tumorigenicity potential in athymic rats with penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI). Brain Res 2022; 1791:148002. [PMID: 35810769 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) often produce disability in survivors due to unresolved inflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. The central nervous system in mammals is incapable of self-repair. Two decades of preclinical studies and clinical trials have provided insights into TBI pathophysiology that could be utilized to develop clinically relevant therapy. Our laboratory recently reported efficacy of clinical trial grade fetal human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in immunosuppressed rats with penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI). Next, in compliance with the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidance, this study explores safety by assessing the tumorigenicity potential of intracranial hNSC transplants in athymic rats with pTBI. First, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined. Then, forty athymic pTBI rats were randomized to either: Group A. pTBI + vehicle or Group B. pTBI + hNSCs at MTD one week after injury with 6-months survival, sufficient time to uncover transplant associated tumorigenicity. A board-certified Pathologist examined hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Ki67 immunostained brain and spinal cord, serial sections along with several abnormal peripheral masses for evidence of lesion, transplant, and oncogenesis. There was no evidence of transplant derived tumors or oncogenic tissue necrosis. Consistent with athymic literature, the lesion remained unchanged even after robust hNSC engraftment. This safety study supports the conclusion that hNSCs are safe for transplantation in pTBI. The differences in lesion expansion between immunosuppressed and athymic rats in the presence of hNSCs suggests an unexpected role for thymus derived cells in resolution of trauma induced inflammation.
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5
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Rumsey JW, Lorance C, Jackson M, Sasserath T, McAleer CW, Long CJ, Goswami A, Russo MA, Raja SM, Gable KL, Emmett D, Hobson-Webb LD, Chopra M, Howard JF, Guptill JT, Storek MJ, Alonso-Alonso M, Atassi N, Panicker S, Parry G, Hammond T, Hickman JJ. Classical Complement Pathway Inhibition in a "Human-On-A-Chip" Model of Autoimmune Demyelinating Neuropathies. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2200030. [PMID: 36211621 PMCID: PMC9540753 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies are a group of rare neuromuscular disorders with complex, poorly characterized etiology. Here we describe a phenotypic, human-on-a-chip (HoaC) electrical conduction model of two rare autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), and explore the efficacy of TNT005, a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of the classical complement pathway. Patient sera was shown to contain anti-GM1 IgM and IgG antibodies capable of binding to human primary Schwann cells and induced pluripotent stem cell derived motoneurons. Patient autoantibody binding was sufficient to activate the classical complement pathway resulting in detection of C3b and C5b-9 deposits. A HoaC model, using a microelectrode array with directed axonal outgrowth over the electrodes treated with patient sera, exhibited reductions in motoneuron action potential frequency and conduction velocity. TNT005 rescued the serum-induced complement deposition and functional deficits while treatment with an isotype control antibody had no rescue effect. These data indicate that complement activation by CIDP and MMN patient serum is sufficient to mimic neurophysiological features of each disease and that complement inhibition with TNT005 was sufficient to rescue these pathological effects and provide efficacy data included in an investigational new drug application, demonstrating the model's translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Rumsey
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Case Lorance
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Max Jackson
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | | | - Arindom Goswami
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa A Russo
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3403, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shruti M Raja
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3403, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karissa L Gable
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3403, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Doug Emmett
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3403, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa D Hobson-Webb
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3403, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manisha Chopra
- Department of Neurology, The University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Howard
- Department of Neurology, The University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Guptill
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3403, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Storek
- Sanofi, Immunology and Inflammation, 225 2 Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451 USA
| | | | - Nazem Atassi
- Sanofi, Neurology Early Development, 50 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142 USA
| | - Sandip Panicker
- Bioverativ, a Sanofi company, 225 2 Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451 USA
| | - Graham Parry
- Bioverativ, a Sanofi company, 225 2 Ave, Waltham, MA, 02451 USA
| | - Timothy Hammond
- Sanofi, Neurological Diseases, 49 New York Ave, Framingham, MA, 01701 USA
| | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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6
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Liu B, Li M, Zhang L, Chen Z, Lu P. Motor neuron replacement therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1633-1639. [PMID: 35017408 PMCID: PMC8820706 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor neuron degenerative disease that is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease in the United States, Charcot's disease in France, and motor neuron disease in the UK. The loss of motor neurons causes muscle wasting, paralysis, and eventually death, which is commonly related to respiratory failure, within 3-5 years after onset of the disease. Although there are a limited number of drugs approved for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, they have had little success at treating the associated symptoms, and they cannot reverse the course of motor neuron degeneration. Thus, there is still a lack of effective treatment for this debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. Stem cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a very attractive strategy for both basic and clinical researchers, particularly as transplanted stem cells and stem cell-derived neural progenitor/precursor cells can protect endogenous motor neurons and directly replace the lost or dying motor neurons. Stem cell therapies may also be able to re-establish the motor control of voluntary muscles. Here, we review the recent progress in the use of neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We focus on MN progenitor cells derived from fetal central nervous system tissue, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In our recent studies, we found that transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitors survive well, differentiate into motor neurons, and extend axons into the host white matter, not only in the rostrocaudal direction, but also along motor axon tracts towards the ventral roots in the immunodeficient rat spinal cord. Furthermore, the significant motor axonal extension after neural progenitor cell transplantation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models demonstrates that motor neuron replacement therapy could be a promising therapeutic strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, particularly as a variety of stem cell derivatives, including induced pluripotent stem cells, are being considered for clinical trials for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education; Center of Neural Injury and Repair; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education; Center of Neural Injury and Repair; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- iXCells Biotechnologies USA, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Amogene Biotech, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education; Center of Neural Injury and Repair; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Paul Lu
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Autar K, Guo X, Rumsey JW, Long CJ, Akanda N, Jackson M, Narasimhan NS, Caneus J, Morgan D, Hickman JJ. A functional hiPSC-cortical neuron differentiation and maturation model and its application to neurological disorders. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 17:96-109. [PMID: 34942087 PMCID: PMC8758945 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The maturation and functional characteristics of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-cortical neurons has not been fully documented. This study developed a phenotypic model of hiPSC-derived cortical neurons, characterized their maturation process, and investigated its application for disease modeling with the integration of multi-electrode array (MEA) technology. Immunocytochemistry analysis indicated early-stage neurons (day 21) were simultaneously positive for both excitatory (vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [VGlut1]) and inhibitory (GABA) markers, while late-stage cultures (day 40) expressed solely VGlut1, indicating a purely excitatory phenotype without containing glial cells. This maturation process was further validated utilizing patch clamp and MEA analysis. Particularly, induced long-term potentiation (LTP) successfully persisted for 1 h in day 40 cultures, but only achieved LTP in the presence of the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin in day 21 cultures. This system was also applied to epilepsy modeling utilizing bicuculline and its correction utilizing the anti-epileptic drug valproic acid. Characterization of human cortical neuronal differentiation to a mature phenotype Microelectrode evaluation of development from a mixed to pure excitatory population Utilization of defined culture stage to create an epilepsy model Manipulation of immaturity with inhibitors for maintaining long-term potentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveena Autar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Xiufang Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - John W Rumsey
- Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J Long
- Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Nesar Akanda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Max Jackson
- Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | | | - Julbert Caneus
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids Research Center, 400 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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8
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Advances and Perspectives in Dental Pulp Stem Cell Based Neuroregeneration Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073546. [PMID: 33805573 PMCID: PMC8036729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are some of the most promising stem cell types for regenerative therapies given their ability to grow in the absence of serum and their realistic possibility to be used in autologous grafts. In this review, we describe the particular advantages of hDPSCs for neuroregenerative cell therapies. We thoroughly discuss the knowledge about their embryonic origin and characteristics of their postnatal niche, as well as the current status of cell culture protocols to maximize their multilineage differentiation potential, highlighting some common issues when assessing neuronal differentiation fates of hDPSCs. We also review the recent progress on neuroprotective and immunomodulatory capacity of hDPSCs and their secreted extracellular vesicles, as well as their combination with scaffold materials to improve their functional integration on the injured central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Finally, we offer some perspectives on the current and possible future applications of hDPSCs in neuroregenerative cell therapies.
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9
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Guo X, Smith V, Jackson M, Tran M, Thomas M, Patel A, Lorusso E, Nimbalkar S, Cai Y, McAleer CW, Wang Y, Long CJ, Hickman JJ. A Human-Based Functional NMJ System for Personalized ALS Modeling and Drug Testing. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:2000133. [PMID: 33709015 PMCID: PMC7942691 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Loss of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an early and critical hallmark in all forms of ALS. The study design was to develop a functional NMJ disease model by integrating motoneurons (MNs) differentiated from multiple ALS-patients' induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and primary human muscle into a chambered system. NMJ functionality was tested by recording myotube contractions while stimulating MNs by field electrodes and a set of clinically relevant parameters were defined to characterize the NMJ function. Three ALS lines were analyzed, 2 with SOD1 mutations and 1 with a FUS mutation. The ALS-MNs reproduced pathological phenotypes, including increased axonal varicosities, reduced axonal branching and elongation and increased excitability. These MNs formed functional NMJs with wild type muscle, but with significant deficits in NMJ quantity, fidelity and fatigue index. Furthermore, treatment with the Deana protocol was found to correct the NMJ deficits in all the ALS mutant lines tested. Quantitative analysis also revealed the variations inherent in each mutant lines. This functional NMJ system provides a platform for the study of both fALS and sALS and has the capability of being adapted into subtype-specific or patient-specific models for ALS etiological investigation and patient stratification for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Virginia Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Max Jackson
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - My Tran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Michael Thomas
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Aakash Patel
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Eric Lorusso
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Siddharth Nimbalkar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher W. McAleer
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 305 Weill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christopher J. Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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10
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Patel A, Rumsey JW, Lorance C, Long CJ, Lee B, Tetard L, Lambert S, Hickman JJ. Myelination and Node of Ranvier Formation in a Human Motoneuron-Schwann Cell Serum-Free Coculture. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2615-2623. [PMID: 32786317 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination and node of Ranvier formation play an important role in the rapid conduction of nerve impulses, referred to as saltatory conduction, along axons in the peripheral nervous system. We report a human-human myelination model using human primary Schwann cells (SCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived motoneurons utilizing a serum-free medium supplemented with ascorbate to induce myelination, where 41.6% of SCs expressed the master transcription factor for myelination, early growth response protein 2. After 30 days in coculture, myelin segments were visualized using immunocytochemistry for myelin basic protein surrounding neurofilament-stained motor neuron axons, which was confirmed via 3D confocal Raman microscopy, a viable alternative for transmission electron microscopy analysis. The myelination efficiency was 65%, and clusters of voltage-gated sodium channels and the paranodal protein contactin-associated protein 1 indicated node of Ranvier formation. This model has applications to study remyelination and demyelinating diseases, including Charcot-Marie Tooth disorder, Guillian-Barre syndrome, and anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Patel
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - John W. Rumsey
- Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Case Lorance
- Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Christopher J. Long
- Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Briana Lee
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Laurene Tetard
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Stephen Lambert
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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11
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Abstract
Organs-on-chips are broadly defined as microfabricated surfaces or devices designed to engineer cells into microscale tissues with native-like features and then extract physiologically relevant readouts at scale. Because they are generally compatible with patient-derived cells, these technologies can address many of the human relevance limitations of animal models. As a result, organs-on-chips have emerged as a promising new paradigm for patient-specific disease modeling and drug development. Because neuromuscular diseases span a broad range of rare conditions with diverse etiology and complex pathophysiology, they have been especially challenging to model in animals and thus are well suited for organ-on-chip approaches. In this Review, we first briefly summarize the challenges in neuromuscular disease modeling with animal models. Next, we describe a variety of existing organ-on-chip approaches for neuromuscular tissues, including a survey of cell sources for both muscle and nerve, and two- and three-dimensional neuromuscular tissue-engineering techniques. Although researchers have made tremendous advances in modeling neuromuscular diseases on a chip, the remaining challenges in cell sourcing, cell maturity, tissue assembly and readout capabilities limit their integration into the drug development pipeline today. However, as the field advances, models of healthy and diseased neuromuscular tissues on a chip, coupled with animal models, have vast potential as complementary tools for modeling multiple aspects of neuromuscular diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies. Summary: Modeling neuromuscular diseases is challenging due to their complex etiology and pathophysiology. Here, we review the cell sources and tissue-engineering procedures that are being integrated as emerging neuromuscular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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12
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Disease-modifying therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2020; 167:107986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Kumamaru H, Lu P, Rosenzweig ES, Kadoya K, Tuszynski MH. Regenerating Corticospinal Axons Innervate Phenotypically Appropriate Neurons within Neural Stem Cell Grafts. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2329-2339.e4. [PMID: 30811984 PMCID: PMC6487864 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell grafts form new relays across sites of spinal cord injury (SCI). Using a panel of neuronal markers, we demonstrate that spinal neural progenitor grafts to sites of rodent SCI adopt diverse spinal motor and sensory interneuronal fates, representing most neuronal subtypes of the intact spinal cord, and spontaneously segregate into domains of distinct cell clusters. Host corticospinal motor axons regenerating into neural progenitor grafts innervate appropriate pre-motor interneurons, based on trans-synaptic tracing with herpes simplex virus. A human spinal neural progenitor cell graft to a non-human primate also received topographically appropriate corticospinal axon regeneration. Thus, grafted spinal neural progenitor cells give rise to a variety of neuronal progeny that are typical of the normal spinal cord; remarkably, regenerating injured adult corticospinal motor axons spontaneously locate appropriate motor domains in the heterogeneous, developing graft environment, without a need for additional exogenous guidance. Kumamaru et al. demonstrate that spinal cord neural progenitor cell grafts spontaneously segregate into motor and sensory domains when implanted into sites of spinal cord injury in rats and primates. Host corticospinal axons regenerating into grafts preferentially regenerate and synapse onto motor interneuron-rich domains, avoiding inappropriate sensory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kumamaru
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Paul Lu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ephron S Rosenzweig
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mark H Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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14
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Moreno-Manzano V. Ependymal cells in the spinal cord as neuronal progenitors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 50:82-87. [PMID: 31901616 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ependymal cells are neural progenitors and form part of the central canal of the spinal cord. Therefore, ependymal cells could serve as a potential source of neural progenitors for regenerative medicine applications. Such applications consist of endogenous activation or exogenous transplantation, alone or in combination with pharmacological treatments, to repair spinal cord injuries. This mini review describes the main phenotypical characteristics of ependymal cells from spinal cord and the opportunities offered for spinal cord injury therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Moreno-Manzano
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Gonzalez M, Guo X, Lin M, Stancescu M, Molnar P, Spradling S, Hickman JJ. Polarity Induced in Human Stem Cell Derived Motoneurons on Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2756-2764. [PMID: 31063682 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of polarized human neurite/axon development at the single neuron level is critical in geographically directing signal propagation in engineered neural networks, for both in vitro and in vivo applications. While there is an increasing need to exert control over axonal growth for the successful development and establishment of integrative and functional in vitro systems, controlled, polarized distribution of either human-derived neurons or motoneurons in vitro has yet to be reported. In this study, we established the polarized distribution of stem cell derived human motoneurons, using a patterned surface, and maintained the cells in a serum-free system. A surface pattern with defined polarity was developed using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). A cell permissive SAM, DETA (trimethoxysilyl propyldiethylenetri-amine), combined with photolithography and a nonpermissive fluorinated silane, 13F (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydroctyl-1-dimethylchloro-silane), generated a surface where neurons only adhered to the designed attachment sites and did so with preferred orientation. In addition, 75% of the cells attached to the patterns were motoneurons compared to their percentage in the standard unpatterned surface which was used as a control condition (20%), demonstrating the preference of these human motoneurons in adhering to the patterns. The ability to dictate the distribution and polarity of human motoneurons will be essential to the engineering of human-based functional in vitro systems in which the control of signal propagation is necessary but more importantly for cell implantation studies. Such systems will greatly benefit the study of motor function as well as aid the development of high-throughput systems for drug screening and test beds for use in preclinical studies related to conditions such as spinal cord injury, ALS, and muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Gonzalez
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Xiufang Guo
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Min Lin
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Maria Stancescu
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Physical Sciences Building (PS) Room 255, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Peter Molnar
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Severo Spradling
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - James J. Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Physical Sciences Building (PS) Room 255, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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16
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Goutman SA, Savelieff MG, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Stem cell treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a critical overview of early phase trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:525-543. [PMID: 31189354 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1627324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of cortical, brainstem, and spinal motor neurons; it causes progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, respiratory failure, and death. No currently available treatment either stops or reverses this disease. Therapeutics to slow, stop, and reverse ALS are needed. Stem cells may be a viable solution to sustain and nurture diseased motor neurons. Several early-stage clinical trials have been launched to assess the potential of stem cells for ALS treatment. Areas covered: Expert opinion: AREAS COVERED This review covers the key advances from early phase clinical trials of stem cell therapy for ALS and identifies promising avenues and key challenges. EXPERT OPINION Clinical trials in humans are still in the nascent stages of development. It will be critical to ensure that powered, well-controlled trials are conducted, that optimal treatment windows are identified, and that the ideal cell type, cell dose, and delivery site and method are determined. Several trials have used more invasive procedures, and ethical concerns of sham procedures on patients in the control arm and on their safety should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- a Department of Neurology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Program for Neurology Research & Discovery , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Masha G Savelieff
- a Department of Neurology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Program for Neurology Research & Discovery , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- a Department of Neurology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Program for Neurology Research & Discovery , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- a Department of Neurology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Program for Neurology Research & Discovery , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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17
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Abati E, Bresolin N, Comi G, Corti S. Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives in Translational Stem Cell Therapy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6703-6715. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Mazzini L, Ferrari D, Andjus PR, Buzanska L, Cantello R, De Marchi F, Gelati M, Giniatullin R, Glover JC, Grilli M, Kozlova EN, Maioli M, Mitrečić D, Pivoriunas A, Sanchez-Pernaute R, Sarnowska A, Vescovi AL. Advances in stem cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 18:865-881. [PMID: 30025485 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1503248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, incurable neurodegenerative disease that targets motoneurons. Cell-based therapies have generated widespread interest as a potential therapeutic approach but no conclusive results have yet been reported either from pre-clinical or clinical studies. AREAS COVERED This is an integrated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies focused on the development of cell-based therapies for ALS. We analyze the biology of stem cell treatments and results obtained from pre-clinical models of ALS and examine the methods and the results obtained to date from clinical trials. We discuss scientific, clinical, and ethical issues and propose some directions for future studies. EXPERT OPINION While data from individual studies are encouraging, stem-cell-based therapies do not yet represent a satisfactory, reliable clinical option. The field will critically benefit from the introduction of well-designed, randomized and reproducible, powered clinical trials. Comparative studies addressing key issues such as the nature, properties, and number of donor cells, the delivery mode and the selection of proper patient populations that may benefit the most from cell-based therapies are now of the essence. Multidisciplinary networks of experts should be established to empower effective translation of research into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mazzini
- a ALS Centre Department of Neurology , "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital Novara , Novara , Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- b Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University Milano Bicocca , Milano , Italy
| | - Pavle R Andjus
- c Center for laser microscopy, Faculty of Biology , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- d Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit , Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Roberto Cantello
- a ALS Centre Department of Neurology , "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital Novara , Novara , Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- a ALS Centre Department of Neurology , "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital Novara , Novara , Italy
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- e Scientific Direction , IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo , Foggia , Italy.,f Cell Factory e biobanca, Fondazione Cellule Staminali , Terni , Italy
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- g A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , Neulaniementie 2, Kuopio , FINLAND
| | - Joel C Glover
- h Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- i Department Pharmaceutical Sciences , Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale , Novara , Italy
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- j Department of Neuroscience , Uppsala University Biomedical Centre , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Margherita Maioli
- k Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR) , University of Sassari, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Sassari , Italy
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- l Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research , University of Zagreb School of Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Augustas Pivoriunas
- m Department of Stem Cell Biology , State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute
- n Preclinical Research , Andalusian Initiative for Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Health Ministry , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- d Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit , Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- b Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University Milano Bicocca , Milano , Italy.,f Cell Factory e biobanca, Fondazione Cellule Staminali , Terni , Italy
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19
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Kassi AAY, Mahavadi AK, Clavijo A, Caliz D, Lee SW, Ahmed AI, Yokobori S, Hu Z, Spurlock MS, Wasserman JM, Rivera KN, Nodal S, Powell HR, Di L, Torres R, Leung LY, Rubiano AM, Bullock RM, Gajavelli S. Enduring Neuroprotective Effect of Subacute Neural Stem Cell Transplantation After Penetrating TBI. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1097. [PMID: 30719019 PMCID: PMC6348935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest cause of death and disability of persons under 45 years old, worldwide. Independent of the distribution, outcomes such as disability are associated with huge societal costs. The heterogeneity of TBI and its complicated biological response have helped clarify the limitations of current pharmacological approaches to TBI management. Five decades of effort have made some strides in reducing TBI mortality but little progress has been made to mitigate TBI-induced disability. Lessons learned from the failure of numerous randomized clinical trials and the inability to scale up results from single center clinical trials with neuroprotective agents led to the formation of organizations such as the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) Network, and international collaborative comparative effectiveness research (CER) to re-orient TBI clinical research. With initiatives such as TRACK-TBI, generating rich and comprehensive human datasets with demographic, clinical, genomic, proteomic, imaging, and detailed outcome data across multiple time points has become the focus of the field in the United States (US). In addition, government institutions such as the US Department of Defense are investing in groups such as Operation Brain Trauma Therapy (OBTT), a multicenter, pre-clinical drug-screening consortium to address the barriers in translation. The consensus from such efforts including “The Lancet Neurology Commission” and current literature is that unmitigated cell death processes, incomplete debris clearance, aberrant neurotoxic immune, and glia cell response induce progressive tissue loss and spatiotemporal magnification of primary TBI. Our analysis suggests that the focus of neuroprotection research needs to shift from protecting dying and injured neurons at acute time points to modulating the aberrant glial response in sub-acute and chronic time points. One unexpected agent with neuroprotective properties that shows promise is transplantation of neural stem cells. In this review we present (i) a short survey of TBI epidemiology and summary of current care, (ii) findings of past neuroprotective clinical trials and possible reasons for failure based upon insights from human and preclinical TBI pathophysiology studies, including our group's inflammation-centered approach, (iii) the unmet need of TBI and unproven treatments and lastly, (iv) present evidence to support the rationale for sub-acute neural stem cell therapy to mediate enduring neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia A Y Kassi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anil K Mahavadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Angelica Clavijo
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Daniela Caliz
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie W Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Aminul I Ahmed
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Markus S Spurlock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joseph M Wasserman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karla N Rivera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Samuel Nodal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Henry R Powell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Long Di
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rolando Torres
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lai Yee Leung
- Branch of Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andres Mariano Rubiano
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Ross M Bullock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Mikhailov A, Sankai Y. Donation of neural stem cells? Post mortal viability of spinal cord neuronal cells. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:5333-5337. [PMID: 30441541 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of cells into central nervous system (CNS) shows a potential for treatment of post-traumatic and neurodegenerative diseases. Cadaver-derived neural cells can help reducing deficit of allogeneic material ready for transplantation. In this study we analyze post-mortal survival of spinal cord neural cells. Maximal time when alive neuronal cells can be recovered form spinal cord of the animals was determined as 56hr for human-size animal and 18hr for rat. Cells with surface expression of ganglioside GD2 and antigen CD24 constituted up to one percent of all recovered alive cells in earlier samples with time dependent decline in percentage. GD2-positive cells from rat spinal cord demonstrated spontaneous and induced electrical activity, which reduces with time post mortem.
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Natarajan A, Smith AST, Berry B, Lambert S, Molnar P, Hickman JJ. Temporal Characterization of Neuronal Migration Behavior on Chemically Patterned Neuronal Circuits in a Defined in Vitro Environment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3460-3470. [PMID: 31475239 PMCID: PMC6713422 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Directed control of neuronal migration, facilitating the correct spatial positioning of neurons, is crucial to the development of a functional nervous system. An understanding of neuronal migration and positioning on patterned surfaces in vitro would also be beneficial for investigators seeking to design culture platforms capable of mimicking the complex functional architectures of neuronal tissues for drug development as well as basic biomedical research applications. This study used coplanar self-assembled monolayer patterns of cytophilic, N-1[3-(trimethoxysilyly)propyl] diethylenetriamine (DETA) and cytophobic, tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-1-trichlorosilane (13F) to assess the migratory behavior and physiological characteristics of cultured neurons. Analysis of time-lapse microscopy data revealed a dynamic procedure underlying the controlled migration of neurons, in response to extrinsic geometric and chemical cues, to promote the formation of distinct two-neuron circuits. Immunocytochemical characterization of the neurons highlights the organization of actin filaments (phalloidin) and microtubules (β-tubulin) at each migration stage. These data have applications in the development of precise artificial neuronal networks and provide a platform for investigating neuronal migration as well as neurite identification in differentiating cultured neurons. Importantly, the cytoskeletal arrangement of these cells identifies a specific mode of neuronal migration on these in vitro surfaces characterized by a single process determining the direction of cell migration and mimicking somal translocation behavior in vivo. Such information provides valuable additional insight into the mechanisms controlling neuronal development and maturation in vitro and validates the biochemical mechanisms underlying this behavior as representative of neuronal positioning phenomena in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Natarajan
- NanoScience
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, University
of Central Florida, 6900
Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, United
States
| | - Alec S. T. Smith
- NanoScience
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Bonnie Berry
- NanoScience
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Burnett
School of Biomedical Sciences, University
of Central Florida, 6900
Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, United
States
| | - Stephen Lambert
- College
of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Suite
101, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Peter Molnar
- College
of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Suite
101, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
- Department
of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Savaria Campus, University of West Hungary, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary
| | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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23
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Santhanam N, Kumanchik L, Guo X, Sommerhage F, Cai Y, Jackson M, Martin C, Saad G, McAleer CW, Wang Y, Lavado A, Long CJ, Hickman JJ. Stem cell derived phenotypic human neuromuscular junction model for dose response evaluation of therapeutics. Biomaterials 2018; 166:64-78. [PMID: 29547745 PMCID: PMC5866791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There are currently no functional neuromuscular junction (hNMJ) systems composed of human cells that could be used for drug evaluations or toxicity testing in vitro. These systems are needed to evaluate NMJs for diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy or other neurodegenerative diseases or injury states. There are certainly no model systems, animal or human, that allows for isolated treatment of motoneurons or muscle capable of generating dose response curves to evaluate pharmacological activity of these highly specialized functional units. A system was developed in which human myotubes and motoneurons derived from stem cells were cultured in a serum-free medium in a BioMEMS construct. The system is composed of two chambers linked by microtunnels to enable axonal outgrowth to the muscle chamber that allows separate stimulation of each component and physiological NMJ function and MN stimulated tetanus. The muscle's contractions, induced by motoneuron activation or direct electrical stimulation, were monitored by image subtraction video recording for both frequency and amplitude. Bungarotoxin, BOTOX® and curare dose response curves were generated to demonstrate pharmacological relevance of the phenotypic screening device. This quantifiable functional hNMJ system establishes a platform for generating patient-specific NMJ models by including patient-derived iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneetha Santhanam
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Lee Kumanchik
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Xiufang Guo
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Frank Sommerhage
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Yunqing Cai
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Max Jackson
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Candace Martin
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - George Saad
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher W. McAleer
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, 305 Weill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrea Lavado
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J. Long
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J. Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA,correspondence:
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Goutman SA, Brown MB, Glass JD, Boulis NM, Johe K, Hazel T, Cudkowicz M, Atassi N, Borges L, Patil PG, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Long-term Phase 1/2 intraspinal stem cell transplantation outcomes in ALS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:730-740. [PMID: 29928656 PMCID: PMC5989736 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intraspinal human spinal cord‐derived neural stem cell (HSSC) transplantation is a potential therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, previous trials lack controls. This post hoc analysis compared ambulatory limb‐onset ALS participants in Phase 1 and 2 (Ph1/2) open‐label intraspinal HSSC transplantation studies up to 3 years after transplant to matched participants in Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials (PRO‐ACT) and ceftriaxone datasets to provide required analyses to inform future clinical trial designs. Methods Survival, ALSFRS‐R, and a composite statistic (ALS/SURV) combining survival and ALS Functional Rating Scale revised (ALSFRS‐R) functional status were assessed for matched participant subsets: PRO‐ACT n = 1108, Ph1/2 n = 21 and ceftriaxone n = 177, Ph1/2 n = 20. Results Survival did not differ significantly between cohorts: Ph1/2 median survival 4.7 years, 95% CI (1.2, ∞) versus PRO‐ACT 2.3 years (1.9, 2.5), P = 1.0; Ph1/2 3.0 years (1.2, 5.6) versus ceftriaxone 2.3 years (1.8, 2.8), P = 0.88. Mean ALSFRS‐R at 24 months significantly differed between Ph1/2 and both comparison cohorts (Ph1/2 30.1 ± 8.6 vs. PRO‐ACT 24.0 ± 10.2, P = 0.048; Ph1/2 30.7 ± 8.8 vs. ceftriaxone 19.2 ± 9.5, P = 0.0023). Using ALS/SURV, median PRO‐ACT and ceftriaxone participants died by 24 months, whereas median Ph1/2 participant ALSFRS‐Rs were 23 (P = 0.0038) and 19 (P = 0.14) in PRO‐ACT and ceftriaxone comparisons at 24 months, respectively, supporting improved functional outcomes in the Ph1/2 study. Interpretation Comparison of Ph1/2 studies to historical datasets revealed significantly improved survival and function using ALS/SURV versus PRO‐ACT controls. While results are encouraging, comparison against historical populations demonstrate limitations in noncontrolled studies. These findings support continued evaluation of HSSC transplantation in ALS, support the benefit of control populations, and enable necessary power calculations to design a randomized, sham surgery‐controlled efficacy study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology University of Michigan 109 Zina Pitcher Place 5017 AAT-BSRB Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Morton B Brown
- Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan 1415 Washington Heights M4039 SPH II Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine 101 Woodruff Circle Atlanta Georgia 30322
| | - Nicholas M Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of Medicine 101 Woodruff Circle WMB Room 6309 Atlanta Georgia
| | - Karl Johe
- Neuralstem, Inc. 20271 Goldenrod Lane Suite 2033 Germantown Maryland 20876
| | - Tom Hazel
- Neuralstem, Inc. 20271 Goldenrod Lane Suite 2033 Germantown Maryland 20876
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 165 Cambridge Street Boston Massachusetts 02114
| | - Nazem Atassi
- Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 165 Cambridge Street Boston Massachusetts 02114
| | - Lawrence Borges
- Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 15 Parkman Street Wand ACC 745 Boston Massachusetts 02114
| | - Parag G Patil
- Department of Neurology University of Michigan 109 Zina Pitcher Place 5017 AAT-BSRB Ann Arbor Michigan 48109.,Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan 1500 E. Medical Center Drive SPC 5338 Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- Program for Neurology Research and Discovery University of Michigan 109 Zina Pitcher Place 5017 AAT-BSRB Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology University of Michigan 109 Zina Pitcher Place 5017 AAT-BSRB Ann Arbor Michigan 48109.,Program for Neurology Research and Discovery University of Michigan 109 Zina Pitcher Place 5017 AAT-BSRB Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
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25
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Hessel EVS, Staal YCM, Piersma AH. Design and validation of an ontology-driven animal-free testing strategy for developmental neurotoxicity testing. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:136-152. [PMID: 29544899 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developmental neurotoxicity entails one of the most complex areas in toxicology. Animal studies provide only limited information as to human relevance. A multitude of alternative models have been developed over the years, providing insights into mechanisms of action. We give an overview of fundamental processes in neural tube formation, brain development and neural specification, aiming at illustrating complexity rather than comprehensiveness. We also give a flavor of the wealth of alternative methods in this area. Given the impressive progress in mechanistic knowledge of human biology and toxicology, the time is right for a conceptual approach for designing testing strategies that cover the integral mechanistic landscape of developmental neurotoxicity. The ontology approach provides a framework for defining this landscape, upon which an integral in silico model for predicting toxicity can be built. It subsequently directs the selection of in vitro assays for rate-limiting events in the biological network, to feed parameter tuning in the model, leading to prediction of the toxicological outcome. Validation of such models requires primary attention to coverage of the biological domain, rather than classical predictive value of individual tests. Proofs of concept for such an approach are already available. The challenge is in mining modern biology, toxicology and chemical information to feed intelligent designs, which will define testing strategies for neurodevelopmental toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V S Hessel
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne C M Staal
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Rosenzweig ES, Brock JH, Lu P, Kumamaru H, Salegio EA, Kadoya K, Weber JL, Liang JJ, Moseanko R, Hawbecker S, Huie JR, Havton LA, Nout-Lomas YS, Ferguson AR, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC, Tuszynski MH. Restorative effects of human neural stem cell grafts on the primate spinal cord. Nat Med 2018; 24:484-490. [PMID: 29480894 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We grafted human spinal cord-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into sites of cervical spinal cord injury in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Under three-drug immunosuppression, grafts survived at least 9 months postinjury and expressed both neuronal and glial markers. Monkey axons regenerated into grafts and formed synapses. Hundreds of thousands of human axons extended out from grafts through monkey white matter and synapsed in distal gray matter. Grafts gradually matured over 9 months and improved forelimb function beginning several months after grafting. These findings in a 'preclinical trial' support translation of NPC graft therapy to humans with the objective of reconstituting both a neuronal and glial milieu in the site of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephron S Rosenzweig
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John H Brock
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul Lu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hiromi Kumamaru
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ernesto A Salegio
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Janet L Weber
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Justine J Liang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rod Moseanko
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Hawbecker
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - J Russell Huie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leif A Havton
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvette S Nout-Lomas
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam R Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael S Beattie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Bresnahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark H Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
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27
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Ferrari D, Gelati M, Profico DC, Vescovi AL. Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells for Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 66:307-329. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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28
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Wang YI, Carmona C, Hickman JJ, Shuler ML. Multiorgan Microphysiological Systems for Drug Development: Strategies, Advances, and Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201701000. [PMID: 29205920 PMCID: PMC5805562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cell culture and animal models utilized for preclinical drug screening have led to high attrition rates of drug candidates in clinical trials due to their low predictive power for human response. Alternative models using human cells to build in vitro biomimetics of the human body with physiologically relevant organ-organ interactions hold great potential to act as "human surrogates" and provide more accurate prediction of drug effects in humans. This review is a comprehensive investigation into the development of tissue-engineered human cell-based microscale multiorgan models, or multiorgan microphysiological systems for drug testing. The evolution from traditional models to macro- and microscale multiorgan systems is discussed in regards to the rationale for recent global efforts in multiorgan microphysiological systems. Current advances in integrating cell culture and on-chip analytical technologies, as well as proof-of-concept applications for these multiorgan microsystems are discussed. Major challenges for the field, such as reproducibility and physiological relevance, are discussed with comparisons of the strengths and weaknesses of various systems to solve these challenges. Conclusions focus on the current development stage of multiorgan microphysiological systems and new trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying I Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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29
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Colón A, Guo X, Akanda N, Cai Y, Hickman JJ. Functional analysis of human intrafusal fiber innervation by human γ-motoneurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17202. [PMID: 29222416 PMCID: PMC5722897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of neuromuscular deficits and diseases such as SMA, as well as for next generation prosthetics, utilizing in vitro phenotypic models would benefit from the development of a functional neuromuscular reflex arc. The neuromuscular reflex arc is the system that integrates the proprioceptive information for muscle length and activity (sensory afferent), to modify motoneuron output to achieve graded muscle contraction (actuation efferent). The sensory portion of the arc is composed of proprioceptive sensory neurons and the muscle spindle, which is embedded in the muscle tissue and composed of intrafusal fibers. The gamma motoneurons (γ-MNs) that innervate these fibers regulate the intrafusal fiber's stretch so that they retain proper tension and sensitivity during muscle contraction or relaxation. This mechanism is in place to maintain the sensitivity of proprioception during dynamic muscle activity and to prevent muscular damage. In this study, a co-culture system was developed for innervation of intrafusal fibers by human γ-MNs and demonstrated by morphological and immunocytochemical analysis, then validated by functional electrophysiological evaluation. This human-based fusimotor model and its incorporation into the reflex arc allows for a more accurate recapitulation of neuromuscular function for applications in disease investigations, drug discovery, prosthetic design and neuropathic pain investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colón
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - X Guo
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - N Akanda
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Y Cai
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - J J Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
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30
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Lavado A, Guo X, Smith AST, Akanda N, Martin C, Cai Y, Elbrecht D, Tran M, Bryant JP, Colon A, Long CJ, Lambert S, Morgan D, Hickman JJ. Evaluation of Holistic Treatment for ALS Reveals Possible Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2017; 11:348-374. [PMID: 30637316 PMCID: PMC6326589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been a tremendous amount of research into the causes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but yet very few treatment options beyond amelioration of symptoms. A holistic approach has shown anecdotal evidence of slowing disease progression and this treatment, known as the Deanna protocol (DP), postulates that ALS is a metabolic disease caused by glutamate that induces toxicity. In this study, glutamate exposure to human motoneurons was investigated and found not to significantly affect cell viability or electrophysiological properties. However, varicosities were observed in axons suggestive of transport impairment that was dose dependent for glutamate exposure. Surprisingly, a subset of the components of the DP eliminated these varicosities. To verify this finding a human SOD1 patient-derived iPSC line was examined and significant numbers of varicosities were present without glutamate treatment, compared to the iPSC control, indicating the possibility of a common mechanism despite different origins for the varicosities. Importantly, the DP ameliorated these varicosities by over 70% in the patient derived cells as well. These results are consistent with much of the literature on ALS and give hope for treatment not only for arresting disease progression using compounds considered safe but also the potential for restoration of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lavado
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Xiufang Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Alec ST Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Nesar Akanda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Dan Elbrecht
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - My Tran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Jean-Paul Bryant
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Alisha Colon
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Stephen Lambert
- College of Medicine, Biomedical Science Program, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd. Orlando, Fl 32827
| | - Dave Morgan
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa FL 33613
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
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31
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Qiao YY, Chu P. Expression of nestin in embryonic tissues and its effects on clinicopathological characteristics of patients with placenta previa. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2061-2072. [PMID: 28833496 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined expression of nestin in the spinal cord, lung, kidney, stomach, colon, and intestine tissues at different stages of embryos in patients with placenta previa. Fetuses of 75 patients with placenta previa were assigned to case group and 80 fetuses from healthy pregnant women with normal placenta who voluntarily terminated pregnancy to control group. Clinical data of pregnant women were collected at the time of admission. Blood from elbow vein was collected to determine expression of serum nestin. Tissues from spinal cord, lung, kidney, stomach, colon, and intestine in 3-7 months fetuses of the two groups were extracted. Expression of nestin in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-qPCR. The mRNA expression of nestin in the case group was increased. Nestin expression was correlated with the gestational age, age of foetus, and type of placenta previa in patients with placenta previa. Positive nestin expression was detected in the spinal cord, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, and colon tissues in normal and placenta previa embryo at Stage I. The positive cell density and nestin expression decreased at Stage II, and further decreased at Stage III. The case group had higher nestin mRNA and protein levels throughout human fetal development. Findings of this study suggested that, nestin, as a specific marker of neural precursor cells, was expressed in various tissues of the embryo in patients with placenta previa and nestin expression was lower with increased maturation of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ping Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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32
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Spurlock MS, Ahmed AI, Rivera KN, Yokobori S, Lee SW, Sam PN, Shear DA, Hefferan MP, Hazel TG, Johe KK, Gajavelli S, Tortella FC, Bullock RM. Amelioration of Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury Induced Cognitive Deficits after Neuronal Differentiation of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1981-1995. [PMID: 28249550 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is one of the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies with penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI), a PTBI rat model revealed widespread perilesional neurodegeneration, similar to that seen in humans following gunshot wound to the head, which is unmitigated by any available therapies to date. Therefore, we evaluated human neural stem cell (hNSC) engraftment to putatively exploit the potential of cell therapy that has been seen in other central nervous system injury models. Toward this objective, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled hNSC (400,000 per animal) were transplanted in immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley (SD), Fisher, and athymic (ATN) PBBI rats 1 week after injury. Tacrolimus (3 mg/kg 2 days prior to transplantation, then 1 mg/kg/day), methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg on the day of transplant, 1 mg/kg/week thereafter), and mycophenolate mofetil (30 mg/kg/day) for 7 days following transplantation were used to confer immunosuppression. Engraftment in SD and ATN was comparable at 8 weeks post-transplantation. Evaluation of hNSC differentiation and distribution revealed increased neuronal differentiation of transplanted cells with time. At 16 weeks post-transplantation, neither cell proliferation nor glial lineage markers were detected. Transplanted cell morphology was similar to that of neighboring host neurons, and there was relatively little migration of cells from the peritransplant site. By 16 weeks, GFP-positive processes extended both rostrocaudally and bilaterally into parenchyma, spreading along host white matter tracts, traversing the internal capsule, and extending ∼13 mm caudally from transplantation site reaching into the brainstem. In a Morris water maze test at 8 weeks post-transplantation, animals with transplants had shorter latency to platform than vehicle-treated animals. However, weak injury-induced cognitive deficits in the control group at the delayed time point confounded benefits of durable engraftment and neuronal differentiation. Therefore, these results justify further studies to progress towards clinical translation of hNSC therapy for PTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Deborah A Shear
- 2 Branch of Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank C Tortella
- 2 Branch of Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland
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Irion S, Zabierowski SE, Tomishima MJ. Bringing Neural Cell Therapies to the Clinic: Past and Future Strategies. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2017; 4:72-82. [PMID: 28344993 PMCID: PMC5363320 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy in the nervous system has a rich history, with ∼40 years of research and ∼30 years of clinical experience. There is compelling evidence that appropriate cells can integrate and function in the dysfunctioning human nervous system, but the clinical results are mixed in practice. A number of factors conspire to vary patient outcome: the indication, cell source, patient selection, and team performing transplantation are all variables that can affect efficacy. Most early clinical trials have used fetal cells, a limited cell source that resists scale and standardization. Direct fetal cell transplantation creates significant challenges to commercialization that is the ultimate goal of an effective cell therapy. One approach to help scale and standardize fetal cell preparations is the expansion of neural cells in vitro. Expansion is achieved by transformation or through the application of mitogens before cryopreservation. Recently, neural cells derived from pluripotent stem cells have provided a scalable alternative. Pluripotent stem cells are desirable for manufacturing but present alternative concerns and manufacturing obstacles. All cell sources require robust and reproducible manufacturing to make nervous system cell replacement therapy an option for patients. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for cell replacement in the nervous system. In this review, we give an overview of completed and ongoing neural cell transplantation clinical trials, and we discuss the challenges and opportunities for future cell replacement trials with a particular focus on pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Irion
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan E. Zabierowski
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- SKI Stem Cell Research Facility and Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark J. Tomishima
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
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34
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Ruven C, Li W, Li H, Wong WM, Wu W. Transplantation of Embryonic Spinal Cord Derived Cells Helps to Prevent Muscle Atrophy after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030511. [PMID: 28264437 PMCID: PMC5372527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries to peripheral nerves are frequent in serious traumas and spinal cord injuries. In addition to surgical approaches, other interventions, such as cell transplantation, should be considered to keep the muscles in good condition until the axons regenerate. In this study, E14.5 rat embryonic spinal cord fetal cells and cultured neural progenitor cells from different spinal cord segments were injected into transected musculocutaneous nerve of 200–300 g female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and atrophy in biceps brachii was assessed. Both kinds of cells were able to survive, extend their axons towards the muscle and form neuromuscular junctions that were functional in electromyographic studies. As a result, muscle endplates were preserved and atrophy was reduced. Furthermore, we observed that the fetal cells had a better effect in reducing the muscle atrophy compared to the pure neural progenitor cells, whereas lumbar cells were more beneficial compared to thoracic and cervical cells. In addition, fetal lumbar cells were used to supplement six weeks delayed surgical repair after the nerve transection. Cell transplantation helped to preserve the muscle endplates, which in turn lead to earlier functional recovery seen in behavioral test and electromyography. In conclusion, we were able to show that embryonic spinal cord derived cells, especially the lumbar fetal cells, are beneficial in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries due to their ability to prevent the muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Ruven
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wen Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Heng Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Man Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Joint Laboratory for CNS Regeneration, Jinan University and The University of Hong Kong, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Storage and Clinical Application, Saliai Stem Cell Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Wang YI, Oleaga C, Long CJ, Esch MB, McAleer CW, Miller PG, Hickman JJ, Shuler ML. Self-contained, low-cost Body-on-a-Chip systems for drug development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1701-1713. [PMID: 29065797 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217694101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems are an evolving tool for preclinical evaluation of the potential toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. Such systems, also known as Body-on-a-Chip devices, have a great potential to increase the successful conversion of drug candidates entering clinical trials into approved drugs. Systems, to be attractive for commercial adoption, need to be inexpensive, easy to operate, and give reproducible results. Further, the ability to measure functional responses, such as electrical activity, force generation, and barrier integrity of organ surrogates, enhances the ability to monitor response to drugs. The ability to operate a system for significant periods of time (up to 28 d) will provide potential to estimate chronic as well as acute responses of the human body. Here we review progress towards a self-contained low-cost microphysiological system with functional measurements of physiological responses. Impact statement Multi-organ microphysiological systems are promising devices to improve the drug development process. The development of a pumpless system represents the ability to build multi-organ systems that are of low cost, high reliability, and self-contained. These features, coupled with the ability to measure electrical and mechanical response in addition to chemical or metabolic changes, provides an attractive system for incorporation into the drug development process. This will be the most complete review of the pumpless platform with recirculation yet written.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying I Wang
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlota Oleaga
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J Long
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mandy B Esch
- 4 Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Christopher W McAleer
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Paula G Miller
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Michael L Shuler
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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Motor Neuron Transdifferentiation of Neural Stem Cell from Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Characterized by Differential Gene Expression. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:275-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Oleaga C, Bernabini C, Smith AS, Srinivasan B, Jackson M, McLamb W, Platt V, Bridges R, Cai Y, Santhanam N, Berry B, Najjar S, Akanda N, Guo X, Martin C, Ekman G, Esch MB, Langer J, Ouedraogo G, Cotovio J, Breton L, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Multi-Organ toxicity demonstration in a functional human in vitro system composed of four organs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20030. [PMID: 26837601 PMCID: PMC4738272 DOI: 10.1038/srep20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a functional human model to evaluate multi-organ toxicity in a 4-organ system under continuous flow conditions in a serum-free defined medium utilizing a pumpless platform for 14 days. Computer simulations of the platform established flow rates and resultant shear stress within accepted ranges. Viability of the system was demonstrated for 14 days as well as functional activity of cardiac, muscle, neuronal and liver modules. The pharmacological relevance of the integrated modules were evaluated for their response at 7 days to 5 drugs with known side effects after a 48 hour drug treatment regime. The results of all drug treatments were in general agreement with published toxicity results from human and animal data. The presented phenotypic culture model exhibits a multi-organ toxicity response, representing the next generation of in vitro systems, and constitutes a step towards an in vitro "human-on-a-chip" assay for systemic toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Catia Bernabini
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Alec S.T. Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Balaji Srinivasan
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Max Jackson
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - William McLamb
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Vivien Platt
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Richard Bridges
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Navaneetha Santhanam
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Bonnie Berry
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Sarah Najjar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Nesar Akanda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Xiufang Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Gail Ekman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Mandy B. Esch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 115 and 305 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jessica Langer
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ, 07666/ Aulnay sous Bois, France, 93600
| | | | - Jose Cotovio
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Lionel Breton
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Michael L. Shuler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 115 and 305 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
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Nafissi S, Kazemi H, Tiraihi T, Beladi-Moghadam N, Faghihzadeh S, Faghihzadeh E, Yadegarynia D, Sadeghi M, Chamani-Tabriz L, Khanfakhraei A, Taheri T. Intraspinal delivery of bone marrow stromal cell-derived neural stem cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A safety and feasibility study. J Neurol Sci 2016; 362:174-81. [PMID: 26944143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells have been used in several studies with different methodologies to treat patients with ALS. METHODS In this safety and feasibility study, 11 patients with definite or probable ALS according to El Escorial criteria were selected. 3 patients were excluded due to inadequate bone marrow or safety measures after acquisition of bone marrow. Bone marrow stromal cell-derived neural stem cells were injected in C7-T1 spinal cord under general anesthesia. Patients were followed for 12months after injection with manual muscle testing, ALSFRS-R, quality of life changes, pulmonary function test and electromyography. RESULTS None of the patients had perioperative mortality or major morbidity. One patient had temporary deterioration in lower extremities after injection which improved after a few weeks. In the 12months post-injection, only one patient died due to pulmonary embolism. From the remaining 7 patients, all had a stable course after 4months and 5 were stable for the first 8months post-injection and deteriorated afterwards. DISCUSSION In this study, intraspinal injection of bone marrow derived neural stem cells appears to be safe. Patients experienced a temporary stabilization for the first few months post-injection and then gradually deteriorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Nafissi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Kazemi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taki Tiraihi
- Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Beladi-Moghadam
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghrat Faghihzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Davoud Yadegarynia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Chamani-Tabriz
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Khanfakhraei
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury, Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Taheri
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury, Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Theme 12In vitroExperimental Models. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 16 Suppl 1:206-16. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1098817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bradford AB, McNutt PM. Importance of being Nernst: Synaptic activity and functional relevance in stem cell-derived neurons. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:899-921. [PMID: 26240679 PMCID: PMC4515435 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i6.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional synaptogenesis and network emergence are signature endpoints of neurogenesis. These behaviors provide higher-order confirmation that biochemical and cellular processes necessary for neurotransmitter release, post-synaptic detection and network propagation of neuronal activity have been properly expressed and coordinated among cells. The development of synaptic neurotransmission can therefore be considered a defining property of neurons. Although dissociated primary neuron cultures readily form functioning synapses and network behaviors in vitro, continuously cultured neurogenic cell lines have historically failed to meet these criteria. Therefore, in vitro-derived neuron models that develop synaptic transmission are critically needed for a wide array of studies, including molecular neuroscience, developmental neurogenesis, disease research and neurotoxicology. Over the last decade, neurons derived from various stem cell lines have shown varying ability to develop into functionally mature neurons. In this review, we will discuss the neurogenic potential of various stem cells populations, addressing strengths and weaknesses of each, with particular attention to the emergence of functional behaviors. We will propose methods to functionally characterize new stem cell-derived neuron (SCN) platforms to improve their reliability as physiological relevant models. Finally, we will review how synaptically active SCNs can be applied to accelerate research in a variety of areas. Ultimately, emphasizing the critical importance of synaptic activity and network responses as a marker of neuronal maturation is anticipated to result in in vitro findings that better translate to efficacious clinical treatments.
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Goutman SA, Chen KS, Feldman EL. Recent Advances and the Future of Stem Cell Therapies in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:428-48. [PMID: 25776222 PMCID: PMC4404436 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the motor neurons without a known cure. Based on the possibility of cellular neuroprotection and early preclinical results, stem cells have gained widespread enthusiasm as a potential treatment strategy. Preclinical models demonstrate a protective role of engrafted stem cells and provided the basis for human trials carried out using various types of stem cells, as well as a range of cell delivery methods. To date, no trial has demonstrated a clear therapeutic benefit; however, results remain encouraging and are the basis for ongoing studies. In addition, stem cell technology continues to improve, and induced pluripotent stem cells may offer additional therapeutic options in the future. Improved disease models and clinical trials will be essential in order to validate stem cells as a beneficial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, F2647 UH South, SPC 5223, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5036, USA,
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Lunn JS, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Concise review: Stem cell therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances and prospects for the future. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1099-109. [PMID: 24448926 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal disease involving the loss of motor neurons. Although the mechanisms responsible for motor neuron degeneration in ALS remain elusive, the development of stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of ALS has gained widespread support. Here, we review the types of stem cells being considered for therapeutic applications in ALS, and emphasize recent preclinical advances that provide supportive rationale for clinical translation. We also discuss early trials from around the world translating cellular therapies to ALS patients, and offer important considerations for future clinical trial design. Although clinical translation is still in its infancy, and additional insight into the mechanisms underlying therapeutic efficacy and the establishment of long-term safety are required, these studies represent an important first step toward the development of effective cellular therapies for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simon Lunn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Smith AST, Long CJ, McAleer C, Guo X, Esch M, Prot JM, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. ‘Body-on-a-Chip’ Technology and Supporting Microfluidics. HUMAN-BASED SYSTEMS FOR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620136-00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to effectively streamline current drug development protocols, there is a need to generate high information content preclinical screens capable of generating data with a predictive power in relation to the activity of novel therapeutics in humans. Given the poor predictive power of animal models, and the lack of complexity and interconnectivity of standard in vitro culture methodologies, many investigators are now moving toward the development of physiologically and functionally accurate culture platforms composed of human cells to investigate cellular responses to drug compounds in high-throughput preclinical studies. The generation of complex, multi-organ in vitro platforms, built to recapitulate physiological dimensions, flow rates and shear stresses, is being investigated as the logical extension of this drive. Production and application of a biologically accurate multi-organ platform, or ‘body-on-a-chip’, would facilitate the correct modelling of the dynamic and interconnected state of living systems for high-throughput drug studies as well as basic and applied biomolecular research. This chapter will discuss current technologies aimed at producing ‘body-on-a-chip’ models, as well as highlighting recent advances and important challenges still to be met in the development of biomimetic single-organ systems for drug development purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. T. Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
| | - C. J. Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
| | - C. McAleer
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
| | - X. Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
| | - M. Esch
- Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - J. M. Prot
- Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - M. L. Shuler
- Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - J. J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
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Tadesse T, Gearing M, Senitzer D, Saxe D, Brat DJ, Bray R, Gebel H, Hill C, Boulis N, Riley J, Feldman E, Johe K, Hazel T, Polak M, Bordeau J, Federici T, Glass JD. Analysis of graft survival in a trial of stem cell transplant in ALS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:900-8. [PMID: 25540804 PMCID: PMC4265061 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The first US Food and Drug Administration-approved clinical trial to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with neural stem cell-based therapy is in progress. The goal of the current study was to identify and assess the survival of human spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (HSSCs) transplanted into the spinal cord in patients with ALS. METHODS Spinal cords transplanted with HSSCs were examined from six autopsy cases. Homogenized tissues were interrogated for the presence of donor versus recipient DNA using real-time PCR methods (qPCR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using DNA probes for XY chromosomes to identify male donor HSSCs in one female case, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to characterize the identified donor cells. RESULTS Genomic DNA from donor HSSCs was identified in all cases, comprising 0.67-5.4% of total tissue DNA in patients surviving 196 to 921 days after transplantation. In the one female patient a "nest" of cells identified on H&E staining were XY-positive by FISH, confirming donor origin. A subset of XY-positive cells labeled for the neuronal marker NeuN and stem cell marker SOX2. INTERPRETATION This is the first study to identify human neural stem cells transplanted into a human spinal cord. Transplanted HSSCs survived up to 2.5 years posttransplant. Some cells differentiated into neurons, while others maintained their stem cell phenotype. This work is a proof of concept of the survival and differentiation of human stems cell transplanted into the spinal cord of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tezeta Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David Senitzer
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, City of Hope Cancer Center Duarte, California
| | - Debra Saxe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert Bray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Howard Gebel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia ; Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Emory University Hospital Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicholas Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan Riley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eva Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karl Johe
- Neuralstem, Inc. Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Meraida Polak
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jane Bordeau
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thais Federici
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
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Casarosa S, Bozzi Y, Conti L. Neural stem cells: ready for therapeutic applications? MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:31. [PMID: 26056597 PMCID: PMC4452059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a unique and powerful tool for basic research and regenerative medicine. However, the challenges that scientists face in the comprehension of the biology and physiological function of these cells are still many. Deciphering NSCs fundamental biological aspects represents indeed a crucial step to control NSCs fate and functional integration following transplantation, and is essential for a safe and appropriate use of NSCs in injury/disease conditions. In this review, we focus on the biological properties of NSCs and discuss how these cells may be exploited to provide effective therapies for neurological disorders. We also review and discuss ongoing NSC-based clinical trials for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarosa
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
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Casarosa S, Bozzi Y, Conti L. Neural stem cells: ready for therapeutic applications? MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:31. [PMID: 26056597 PMCID: PMC4452059 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a unique and powerful tool for basic research and regenerative medicine. However, the challenges that scientists face in the comprehension of the biology and physiological function of these cells are still many. Deciphering NSCs fundamental biological aspects represents indeed a crucial step to control NSCs fate and functional integration following transplantation, and is essential for a safe and appropriate use of NSCs in injury/disease conditions. In this review, we focus on the biological properties of NSCs and discuss how these cells may be exploited to provide effective therapies for neurological disorders. We also review and discuss ongoing NSC-based clinical trials for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarosa
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Center for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo-Trento, 38123 Italy
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Smith AST, Long CJ, McAleer C, Bobbitt N, Srinivasan B, Hickman JJ. Utilization of microscale silicon cantilevers to assess cellular contractile function in vitro. J Vis Exp 2014:e51866. [PMID: 25350792 DOI: 10.3791/51866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of more predictive and biologically relevant in vitro assays is predicated on the advancement of versatile cell culture systems which facilitate the functional assessment of the seeded cells. To that end, microscale cantilever technology offers a platform with which to measure the contractile functionality of a range of cell types, including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells, through assessment of contraction induced substrate bending. Application of multiplexed cantilever arrays provides the means to develop moderate to high-throughput protocols for assessing drug efficacy and toxicity, disease phenotype and progression, as well as neuromuscular and other cell-cell interactions. This manuscript provides the details for fabricating reliable cantilever arrays for this purpose, and the methods required to successfully culture cells on these surfaces. Further description is provided on the steps necessary to perform functional analysis of contractile cell types maintained on such arrays using a novel laser and photo-detector system. The representative data provided highlights the precision and reproducible nature of the analysis of contractile function possible using this system, as well as the wide range of studies to which such technology can be applied. Successful widespread adoption of this system could provide investigators with the means to perform rapid, low cost functional studies in vitro, leading to more accurate predictions of tissue performance, disease development and response to novel therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S T Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida
| | | | | | | | | | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida;
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Dulin JN, Lu P. Bridging the injured spinal cord with neural stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:229-31. [PMID: 25206804 PMCID: PMC4146155 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Dulin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul Lu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
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Riley J, Glass J, Feldman EL, Polak M, Bordeau J, Federici T, Johe K, Boulis NM. Intraspinal stem cell transplantation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a phase I trial, cervical microinjection, and final surgical safety outcomes. Neurosurgery 2014; 74:77-87. [PMID: 24018694 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first US Food and Drug Administration approved clinical trial for a stem cell-based treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has now been completed. OBJECTIVE Primary aims assessed the safety of a direct microinjection-based technique and the toxicity of neural stem cell transplantation to the ventral horn of the cervical and thoracolumbar spinal cord. Results from thoracolumbar-only microinjection groups have been previously published. Cervical and cervical plus thoracolumbar microinjection group perioperative morbidity results are presented. METHODS Eighteen microinjection procedures (n = 12 thoracolumbar [T10/11], n = 6 cervical [C3-5]) delivered NSI-566RSC (Neuralstem, Inc), a human neural stem cell, to 15 patients in 5 cohorts. Each injection series comprised 5 injections of 10 μL at 4-mm intervals. The patients in group A (n = 6) were nonambulatory and received unilateral (n = 3) or bilateral (n = 3) thoracolumbar microinjections. The patients in groups B to E were ambulatory and received either unilateral (group B, n = 3) or bilateral (group C, n = 3) thoracolumbar microinjection. Group D and E patients received unilateral cervical (group D, n = 3) or cervical plus bilateral thoracolumbar microinjection (group E, n = 3). RESULTS Unilateral cervical (group D, n = 3) and cervical plus thoracolumbar (group E, n = 3) microinjections to the ventral horn have been completed in ambulatory patients. One patient developed a postoperative kyphotic deformity prompting completion of a laminoplasty in subsequent patients. Another required reoperation for wound dehiscence and infection. The solitary patient with bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis required perioperative reintubation. CONCLUSION Delivery of a cellular payload to the cervical or thoracolumbar spinal cord was well tolerated by the spinal cord in this vulnerable population. This encouraging finding supports consideration of this delivery approach for neurodegenerative, oncologic, and traumatic spinal cord afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Riley
- *Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; ‡Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; §Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; ¶Neuralstem, Inc, Rockville, Maryland
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