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Lau CS, Park SY, Ethiraj LP, Singh P, Raj G, Quek J, Prasadh S, Choo Y, Goh BT. Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6805. [PMID: 38928517 PMCID: PMC11204188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration involves multiple factors such as tissue interactions, an inflammatory response, and vessel formation. In the event of diseases, old age, lifestyle, or trauma, bone regeneration can be impaired which could result in a prolonged healing duration or requiring an external intervention for repair. Currently, bone grafts hold the golden standard for bone regeneration. However, several limitations hinder its clinical applications, e.g., donor site morbidity, an insufficient tissue volume, and uncertain post-operative outcomes. Bone tissue engineering, involving stem cells seeded onto scaffolds, has thus been a promising treatment alternative for bone regeneration. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) are known to hold therapeutic value for the treatment of various clinical conditions and have displayed feasibility and significant effectiveness due to their ease of isolation, non-invasive, abundance in quantity, and osteogenic capacity. Notably, in vitro studies showed AD-MSCs holding a high proliferation capacity, multi-differentiation potential through the release of a variety of factors, and extracellular vesicles, allowing them to repair damaged tissues. In vivo and clinical studies showed AD-MSCs favoring better vascularization and the integration of the scaffolds, while the presence of scaffolds has enhanced the osteogenesis potential of AD-MSCs, thus yielding optimal bone formation outcomes. Effective bone regeneration requires the interplay of both AD-MSCs and scaffolds (material, pore size) to improve the osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. This review presents the advances and applications of AD-MSCs for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering, focusing on the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies involving AD-MSCs for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Sang Lau
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - So Yeon Park
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
| | - Lalith Prabha Ethiraj
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Priti Singh
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
| | - Grace Raj
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
| | - Jolene Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Somasundaram Prasadh
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Yen Choo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bee Tin Goh
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Mo Y, Wang Z, Gao J, Yan Y, Ren H, Zhang F, Qi N, Chen Y. Comparative study of three types of mesenchymal stem cell to differentiate into pancreatic β-like cells in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:936. [PMID: 34335885 PMCID: PMC8290435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (TID) is a chronic metabolic disease where the body produces insufficient or no insulin. Stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential are transplanted and differentiate into β-like cells in vivo to replace pancreatic β cells, which has become a novel treatment strategy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of three types of adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) to differentiate into pancreatic β-like cells in vitro in order to identify suitable sources for the treatment of diabetes. The three MSC types were menstrual blood-derived MSCs (MENSCs), umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) and dental pulp MSCs (DPSCs). The differentiation method used in the present study was divided into three steps and the MSCs were differentiated into pancreatic β-like cells in vitro. Among these MSCs, MENSCs had a greater ability to differentiate into islet β-like cells in vitro, while UCMSCs and DPSCs exhibited a similar differentiation potency, which was relatively lower compared with that of MENSCs. The present results indicated that MENSCs may be a suitable cell source for the curative treatment of TID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Mo
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zejian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Huaijuan Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Fengli Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Nianmin Qi
- China Stem Cell Therapy Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yantian Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Bicer M, Cottrell GS, Widera D. Impact of 3D cell culture on bone regeneration potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:31. [PMID: 33413646 PMCID: PMC7791873 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As populations age across the world, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are becoming the most prevalent degenerative bone diseases. More than 75 million patients suffer from osteoporosis in the USA, the EU and Japan. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the number of patients affected by osteoporosis will increase by a third by 2050. Although conventional therapies including bisphosphonates, calcitonin and oestrogen-like drugs can be used to treat degenerative diseases of the bone, they are often associated with serious side effects including the development of oesophageal cancer, ocular inflammation, severe musculoskeletal pain and osteonecrosis of the jaw.The use of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a possible alternative therapeutic approach to tackle osteoporosis while overcoming the limitations of traditional treatment options. However, osteoporosis can cause a decrease in the numbers of MSCs, induce their senescence and lower their osteogenic differentiation potential.Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is an emerging technology that allows a more physiological expansion and differentiation of stem cells compared to cultivation on conventional flat systems.This review will discuss current understanding of the effects of different 3D cell culture systems on proliferation, viability and osteogenic differentiation, as well as on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesude Bicer
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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4
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Damanik FFR, van Blitterswijk C, Rotmans J, Moroni L. Enhancement of synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins on retinoic acid loaded electrospun scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6468-6480. [PMID: 32254654 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01244j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a renowned technique for the generation of ultrafine, micro- and nanoscale fibres due to its simplicity, versatility and tunability. Owing to its adaptability to a wide selection of materials and scaffold architectures, electrospun meshes have been developed as biocompatible scaffolds and drug delivery systems for tissue engineering. Here, we developed a drug delivery scaffold by electrospinning poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) directly blended with a therapeutic agent, retinoic acid (RA), at different concentrations. The release profile, DNA, and elastin analysis of direct and transwell seeded RA-loaded PCL electrospun scaffolds showed desirable controlled release at 15 kV fabrication, with 0.01% RA as the optimum concentration. The selected 0.01% (w/v) RA-loaded PCL meshes were further analysed using five different seeding cultures to investigate and extensively distinguish the effects of RA release with or without cell contact to the PCL electrospun meshes for cell morphology, proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion of collagen and elastin. Upon exposure to RA-loaded PCL scaffolds, an increase of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation was observed. In contrast, human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) cultures showed a decrease in cell proliferation. For both hMSC and HDF cultures, exposure to RA-loaded PCL scaffolds provided a significant increase in elastin production per cell. For collagen expression, a slight increase was measured and was outperformed by the 3D geometry stimulation from PCL scaffolds. In contrast to hMSCs, HDFs showed enhanced stress actin fibres in cultures with RA-loaded PCL scaffolds. Both cell types exhibited more vinculin expression when seeded to RA-loaded PCL scaffolds. Hence, electrospun scaffolds releasing RA in a controlled manner were able to regulate cell proliferation, morphology and ECM secretion, and present an attractive approach for optimizing tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febriyani F R Damanik
- University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Zuidhorst 145, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Luo D, Wang T. Hierarchical Structures of Bone and Bioinspired Bone Tissue Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4611-4632. [PMID: 27322951 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable strength and toughness. Its excellent mechanical properties are related to its hierarchical structures and precise organization of the inorganic and organic phases at the nanoscale: Nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite crystals periodically deposit within the gap zones of collagen fibrils during bone biomineralization process. This hierarchical arrangement produces nanomechanical heterogeneities, which enable a mechanism for high energy dissipation and resistance to fracture. The excellent mechanical properties integrated with the hierarchical nanostructure of bone have inspired chemists and material scientists to develop biomimetic strategies for artificial bone grafts in tissue engineering (TE). This critical review provides a broad overview of the current mechanisms involved in bone biomineralization, and the relationship between bone hierarchical structures and the deformation mechanism. Our goal in this review is to inspire the application of these principles toward bone TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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6
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Francis MP, Moghaddam-White YM, Sachs PC, Beckman MJ, Chen SM, Bowlin GL, Elmore LW, Holt SE. Modeling early stage bone regeneration with biomimetic electrospun fibrinogen nanofibers and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/esp-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe key events of the earliest stages of bone regeneration have been described in vivo although not yet modeled in an in vitro environment, where mechanistic cell-matrix-growth factor interactions can be more effectively studied. Here, we explore an early-stage bone regeneration model where the ability of electrospun fibrinogen (Fg) nanofibers to regulate osteoblastogenesis between distinct mesenchymal stem cells populations is assessed. Electrospun scaffolds of Fg, polydioxanone (PDO), and a Fg:PDO blend were seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and grown for 7-21 days in osteogenic differentiation media or control growth media. Scaffolds were analyzed weekly for histologic and molecular evidence of osteoblastogenesis. In response to osteogenic differentiation media, ASCs seeded on the Fg scaffolds exhibit elevated expression of multiple genes associated with osteoblastogenesis. Histologic stains and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate widespread mineralization within the scaffolds, as well as de novo type I collagen synthesis. Our data demonstrates that electrospun Fg nanofibers support ASC osteogenic differentiation, yet the scaffold itself does not appear to be osteoinductive. Together, ASCs and Fg recapitulate early stages of bone regeneration ex vivo and presents a prospective autologous therapeutic approach for bone repair.
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7
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Huang C, Soenen SJ, van Gulck E, Rejman J, Vanham G, Lucas B, Geers B, Braeckmans K, Shahin V, Spanoghe P, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Electrospun polystyrene fibers for HIV entrapment. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University (NFU); Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Stefaan J. Soenen
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Ellen van Gulck
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology; Institute of Tropical Medicine; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Joanna Rejman
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology; Institute of Tropical Medicine; Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacology, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Bart Lucas
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Bart Geers
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Department of Crop Protection Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Jo Demeester
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
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8
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Brown PT, Handorf AM, Jeon WB, Li WJ. Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches for musculoskeletal regeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:3429-45. [PMID: 23432679 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is an ever evolving field that holds promise in treating numerous musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. An important impetus in the development of the field was the discovery and implementation of stem cells. The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells, and later embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, opens new arenas for tissue engineering and presents the potential of developing stem cell-based therapies for disease treatment. Multipotent and pluripotent stem cells can produce various lineage tissues, and allow for derivation of a tissue that may be comprised of multiple cell types. As the field grows, the combination of biomaterial scaffolds and bioreactors provides methods to create an environment for stem cells that better represent their microenvironment for new tissue formation. As technologies for the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds advance, the ability of scaffolds to modulate stem cell behavior advances as well. The composition of scaffolds could be of natural or synthetic materials and could be tailored to enhance cell self-renewal and/or direct cell fates. In addition to biomaterial scaffolds, studies of tissue development and cellular microenvironments have determined other factors, such as growth factors and oxygen tension, that are crucial to the regulation of stem cell activity. The overarching goal of stem cell-based tissue engineering research is to precisely control differentiation of stem cells in culture. In this article, we review current developments in tissue engineering, focusing on several stem cell sources, induction factors including growth factors, oxygen tension, biomaterials, and mechanical stimulation, and the internal and external regulatory mechanisms that govern proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Brown
- Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Saquing CD, Tang C, Monian B, Bonino CA, Manasco JL, Alsberg E, Khan SA. Alginate–Polyethylene Oxide Blend Nanofibers and the Role of the Carrier Polymer in Electrospinning. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl D. Saquing
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Christina Tang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Brinda Monian
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Christopher A. Bonino
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Joshua L. Manasco
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7207,
United States
| | - Saad A. Khan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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Higuchi A, Ling QD, Chang Y, Hsu ST, Umezawa A. Physical Cues of Biomaterials Guide Stem Cell Differentiation Fate. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3297-328. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300426x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei 221, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei 221, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Biology
and Bioinformatics, National Central University, No. 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung-Bei Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77 Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Tao-Yuan
County 32405, Taiwan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Nino-Fong R, McDuffee LA, Esparza Gonzalez BP, Kumar MR, Merschrod S. EF, Poduska KM. Scaffold Effects on Osteogenic Differentiation of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Comparative Study. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:348-55. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li J, Pei M. Cell Senescence: A Challenge in Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22273114 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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13
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Higuchi A, Ling QD, Hsu ST, Umezawa A. Biomimetic cell culture proteins as extracellular matrices for stem cell differentiation. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4507-40. [PMID: 22621236 DOI: 10.1021/cr3000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan.
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14
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Review of biophysical factors affecting osteogenic differentiation of human adult adipose-derived stem cells. Biophys Rev 2012; 5:11-28. [PMID: 28510177 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-012-0079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing bone is subject to the control of a broad variety of influences in vivo. For bone repair applications, in vitro osteogenic assays are routinely used to test the responses of bone-forming cells to drugs, hormones, and biomaterials. Results of these assays are used to predict the behavior of bone-forming cells in vivo. Stem cell research has shown promise for enhancing bone repair. In vitro osteogenic assays to test the bone-forming response of stem cells typically use chemical solutions. Stem cell in vitro osteogenic assays often neglect important biophysical cues, such as the forces associated with regular weight-bearing exercise, which promote bone formation. Incorporating more biophysical cues that promote bone formation would improve in vitro osteogenic assays for stem cells. Improved in vitro osteogenic stimulation opens opportunities for "pre-conditioning" cells to differentiate towards the desired lineage. In this review, we explore the role of select biophysical factors-growth surfaces, tensile strain, fluid flow and electromagnetic stimulation-in promoting osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human adipose. Emphasis is placed on the potential for physical microenvironment manipulation to translate tissue engineering and stem cell research into widespread clinical usage.
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Rodrigues MT, Martins A, Dias IR, Viegas CA, Neves NM, Gomes ME, Reis RL. Synergistic effect of scaffold composition and dynamic culturing environment in multilayered systems for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 6:e24-30. [PMID: 22451140 DOI: 10.1002/term.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of mineralized collagen fibrils which support biological apatite nucleation that participates in bone outstanding properties. Understanding and mimicking bone morphological and physiological parameters at a biological scale is a major challenge in tissue engineering scaffolding. Using emergent (nano)technologies scaffold designing may be critically improved, enabling highly functional tissue substitutes for bone applications. This study aims to develop novel biodegradable composite scaffolds of tricalcium phosphate (TCPs) and electrospun nanofibers of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL), combining TCPs osteoconductivity with PCL biocompatibility and elasticity, mimicking bone structure and composition. We hypothesized that scaffolds with such structure/composition would stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) towards the osteogenic phenotype. Composite scaffolds, developed by electrospining using consecutive stacked layers of PCL and TCPs, were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. Cellular behavior was assessed in goat BMSCs seeded onto composite scaffolds and cultured in static or dynamic conditions, using basal or osteogenic media during 7, 14 or 21 days. Cellular proliferation was quantified and osteogenic differentiation confirmed by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining and immunocytochemistry for osteocalcin and collagen I. Results suggest that PCL-TCP scaffolds provide a 3D support for gBMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation with production of ECM. TCPs positively stimulate the osteogenic process, especially under dynamic conditions, where PCL-TCP scaffolds are sufficient to promote osteogenic differentiation even in basal medium conditions. The enhancement of the osteogenic potential in dynamic conditions evidences the synergistic effect of scaffold composition and dynamic stimulation in gBMSCs osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia T Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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16
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Fabrication and evaluation of biomimetic-synthetic nanofibrous composites for soft tissue regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 347:803-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rada T, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Distinct stem cells subpopulations isolated from human adipose tissue exhibit different chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:64-76. [PMID: 20396979 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently adipose tissue has become a research topic also for the searching for an alternative stem cells source to use in cell based therapies such as tissue engineer. In fact Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) exhibit an important differentiation potential for several cell lineages such as chondrogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, adipogenic and endothelial cells. ASCs populations isolated using standard methodologies (i.e., based on their adherence ability) are very heterogeneous but very few studies have analysed this aspect. Consequently, several questions are still pending, as for example, on what regard the existence/ or not of distinct ASCs subpopulations. The present study is originally aimed at isolating selected ASCs subpopulations, and to analyse their behaviour towards the heterogeneous population regarding the expression of stem cell markers and also regarding their osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Human Adipose derived Stem Cells (hASCs) subpopulations were isolated using immunomagnetic beads coated with several different antibodies (CD29, CD44, CD49d, CD73, CD90, CD 105, Stro-1 and p75) and were characterized by Real Time RT-PCR in order to assess the expression of mesenchymal stem cells markers (CD44, CD73, Stro-1, CD105 and CD90) as well as known markers of the chondrogenic (Sox 9, Collagen II) and osteogenic lineage (Osteopontin, Osteocalcin). The obtained results underline the complexity of the ASCs population demonstrating that it is composed of several subpopulations, which express different levels of ASCs markers and exhibit distinctive differentiation potentials. Furthermore, the results obtained clearly evidence of the advantages of using selected populations in cell-based therapies, such as bone and cartilage regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Rada
- 3B´s Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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18
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Fabrication and characterization of hierarchically organized nanoparticle-reinforced nanofibrous composite scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:193-202. [PMID: 20691289 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two different techniques were used to fabricate nanoparticle-reinforced nanofibrous scaffolds with different organizations of the minerals. First, a three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical nanofibrous scaffold made of poly-L-lactide and poly(L-lactide)/collagen (1:1) was fabricated using a modified electrospinning method. An alternating dipping method and a flow version of it were used to mineralize the 3D scaffolds. Flow mineralization was found to significantly improve the distribution of the mineral nanoparticles throughout the 3D nanofibrous scaffold, while mineral nanoparticles were found only on the periphery of the static mineralized scaffold. As a result of the mineral nanoparticle distribution, the compressive strength and modulus of the flow mineralized scaffold was found to be significantly greater than that of the static mineralized scaffold, despite having a lower mineral content. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the mineral was composed of heterogeneous phases of calcium phosphates. This study demonstrates the importance of hierarchical and deliberate organization of the nanocomponents to optimize the mechanical properties, as is often found in nature.
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Ji Y, Christopherson GT, Kluk MW, Amrani O, Jackson WM, Nesti LJ. Heterotopic Ossification Following Musculoskeletal Trauma: Modeling Stem and Progenitor Cells in Their Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 720:39-50. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0254-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Seyedjafari E, Soleimani M, Ghaemi N, Sarbolouki MN. Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells on electrospun nanofibers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:165-174. [PMID: 21069560 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new stem cell-scaffold construct based on poly-L-lactide (PLLA) nanofibers grafted with collagen (PLLA-COL) and cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) were proposed to hold promising characteristics for bone tissue engineering. Fabricated nanofibers were characterized using SEM, ATR-FTIR, tensile and contact angle measurements. The capacity of PLLA, plasma-treated PLLA (PLLA-pl) and PLLA-COL scaffolds to support proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of USSC was evaluated using MTT assay and common osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineral deposition and bone-related genes. All three scaffolds showed nanofibrous and porous structure with suitable physical characteristics. Higher proliferation and viability of USSC was observed on PLLA-COL nanofibers compared to control surfaces. In osteogenic medium, ALP activity and calcium deposition exhibited the highest values on PLLA-COL scaffolds on days 7 and 14. These markers were also greater on PLLA and PLLA-pl compared to TCPS. Higher levels of collagen I, osteonectin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 were detected on PLLA-COL compared to PLLA and PLLA-pl. Runx2 and osteocalcin were also expressed continuously on all scaffolds during induction. These observations suggested the enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of USSC on PLLA-COL nanofiber scaffolds and introduced a new combination of stem cell-scaffold constructs with desired characteristics for application in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Tzeranis DS, Roy A, So PTC, Yannas IV. An optical method to quantify the density of ligands for cell adhesion receptors in three-dimensional matrices. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 5:S649-61. [PMID: 20671067 PMCID: PMC3024575 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0321.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional matrix that surrounds cells is an important insoluble regulator of cell phenotypes. Examples of such insoluble surfaces are the extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM analogues and synthetic polymeric biomaterials. Cell-matrix interactions are mediated by cell adhesion receptors that bind to chemical entities (adhesion ligands) on the surface of the matrix. There are currently no established methods to obtain quantitative estimates of the density of adhesion ligands recognized by specific cell adhesion receptors. This article presents a new optical-based methodology for measuring ligands of adhesion receptors on three-dimensional matrices. The study also provides preliminary quantitative results for the density of adhesion ligands of integrins alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1) on the surface of collagen-based scaffolds, similar to biomaterials that are used clinically to induce regeneration in injured skin and peripheral nerves. Preliminary estimates of the surface density of the ligands of these two major collagen-binding receptors are 5775 +/- 2064 ligands microm(-2) for ligands of alpha(1)beta(1) and 17 084 +/- 5353 ligands microm(-2) for ligands of alpha(2)beta(1). The proposed methodology can be used to quantify the surface chemistry of insoluble surfaces that possess biological activity, such as native tissue ECM and biomaterials, and therefore can be used in cell biology, biomaterials science and regenerative medical studies for quantitative description of a matrix and its effects on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios S. Tzeranis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ioannis V. Yannas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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22
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Seyedjafari E, Soleimani M, Ghaemi N, Shabani I. Nanohydroxyapatite-coated electrospun poly(l-lactide) nanofibers enhance osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and induce ectopic bone formation. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3118-25. [PMID: 20925348 DOI: 10.1021/bm1009238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A combination of calcium phosphates with nanofibrous scaffolds holds promising potential for bone tissue engineering applications. In this study, nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) was coated on the plasma-treated surface of electrospun poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanofibers and the capacity of fabricated scaffolds for bone formation was investigated in vitro using human cord blood derived unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) under osteogenic induction and in vivo after subcutaneous implantation. PLLA and n-HA-coated PLLA (n-HA/PLLA) scaffolds exhibited a nanofibrous structure with interconnected pores and suitable mechanical properties. These scaffolds were also shown to support attachment, spreading, and proliferation of USSC, as shown by their flattened normal morphology and MTT assay. During osteogenic differentiation, significantly higher values of ALP activity, biomineralization, and bone-related gene expression were observed on n-HA/PLLA compared to PLLA scaffolds. Subsequently, these markers were measured in higher amounts in USSC on PLLA nanofibers compared to TCPS. According to the in vivo results, ossification and formation of trabeculi was observed in the n-HA/PLLA scaffold compared to PLLA. Taking together, it was shown that nanofibrous structure enhanced osteogenic differentiation of USSC. Furthermore, surface-coated n-HA stimulated the effect of nanofibers on the orientation of USSC toward osteolineage. In addition, the n-HA/PLLA electrospun scaffold showed the capacity for ectopic bone formation in the absence of exogenous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Stem Cell Biology Department, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Lim SH, Mao HQ. Electrospun scaffolds for stem cell engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1084-96. [PMID: 19647024 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells interact with and respond to a myriad of signals emanating from their extracellular microenvironment. The ability to harness the regenerative potential of stem cells via a synthetic matrix has promising implications for regenerative medicine. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds can be prepared with high degree of control over their structure creating highly porous meshes of ultrafine fibers that resemble the extracellular matrix topography, and are amenable to various functional modifications targeted towards enhancing stem cell survival and proliferation, directing specific stem cell fates, or promoting tissue organization. The feasibility of using such a scaffold platform to present integrated topographical and biochemical signals that are essential to stem cell manipulation has been demonstrated. Future application of this versatile scaffold platform to human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells for functional tissue repair and regeneration will further expand its potential for regenerative therapies.
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Kim SE, Heo DN, Lee JB, Kim JR, Park SH, Jeon SH, Kwon IK. Electrospun gelatin/polyurethane blended nanofibers for wound healing. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:044106. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/4/044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Neal RA, McClugage SG, Link MC, Sefcik LS, Ogle RC, Botchwey EA. Laminin nanofiber meshes that mimic morphological properties and bioactivity of basement membranes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 15:11-21. [PMID: 18844601 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2007.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane protein, laminin I, has been used broadly as a planar two-dimensional film or in a three-dimensional form as a reconstituted basement membrane gel such as Matrigel to support cellular attachment, growth, and differentiation in vitro. In basement membranes in vivo, laminin exhibits a fibrillar morphology, highlighting the electrospinning process as an ideal method to recreate such fibrous substrates in vitro. Electrospinning was employed to fabricate meshes of murine laminin I nanofibers (LNFs) with fiber size, geometry, and porosity of authentic basement membranes. Purified laminin I was solubilized and electrospun in parametric studies of fiber diameters as a function of polymer solution concentration, collecting distance, and flow rate. Resulting fiber diameters ranged from 90 to 300 nm with mesh morphologies containing beads. Unlike previously described nanofibers (NFs) synthesized from proteins such as collagen, meshes of LNFs retain their structural features when wetted and do not require fixation by chemical crosslinking, which often destroys cell attachment and other biological activity. The LNF meshes maintained their geometry for at least 2 days in culture without chemical crosslinking. PC12 cells extended neurites without nerve growth factor stimulation on LNF substrates. Additionally, LNFs significantly enhance both the rate and quantity of attachment of human adipose stem cells (ASCs) compared to laminin films. ASCs were viable and maintained attachment to LNF meshes in serum-free media for at least 3 days in culture and extended neurite-like processes after 24 h in serum-free media conditions without media additives to induce differentiation. LNF meshes are a novel substrate for cell studies in vitro, whose properties may be an excellent scaffold material for delivering cells in tissue engineering applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah A Neal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Pinho E, Martins A, Araújo J, Reis R, Neves N. Degradable particulate composite reinforced with nanofibres for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1104-14. [PMID: 19136320 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibre-based structures and their composites are increasingly being studied for many biomedical applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds. These materials enable architectures resembling the extracellular matrix to be obtained. The search for optimized supports and carriers of cells is still a major challenge for the tissue engineering field. The main purpose of this work is to develop a novel composite structure that combines microparticles and nanofibres in reinforced polymeric microfibres. This innovative combination of materials is obtained by melting extrusion of a particulate composite reinforced with chitosan nanofibre meshes (0.05 wt.%) produced by the electrospinning technique. The reinforced microfibres were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and showed a considerable alignment of the chitosan nanofibres along the longitudinal main axis of the microfibre composite structure. The tensile mechanical properties revealed that the introduction of the nanofibre reinforcement in the particulate microfibre composite increased the tensile modulus by up to 70%. The various structures were subjected to swelling and degradation tests immersed in an isotonic saline solution at 37 degrees C. The presence of chitosan nanofibres in the particulate microfibres enhances the water uptake by up to 24%. The combination of good mechanical properties and enhanced degradability of the developed structures is believed to have great potential for various biomedical applications, including three-dimensional fibre mesh scaffolds to be applied in the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Martínez E, Lagunas A, Mills CA, Rodríguez-Seguí S, Estévez M, Oberhansl S, Comelles J, Samitier J. Stem cell differentiation by functionalized micro- and nanostructured surfaces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:65-82. [PMID: 19093897 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.4.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New fabrication technologies and, in particular, new nanotechnologies have provided biomaterial and biomedical scientists with enormous possibilities when designing customized supports and scaffolds with controlled nanoscale topography and chemistry. The main issue now is how to effectively design these components and choose the appropriate combination of structure and chemistry to tailor towards applications as challenging and complex as stem cell differentiation. Occasionally, an incomplete knowledge of the fundamentals of biological differentiation processes has hampered this issue. However, the recent technological advances in creating controlled cellular microenvironments can be seen as a powerful tool for furthering fundamental biology studies. This article reviews the main strategies followed to achieve solutions to this challenge, particularly emphasizing the working hypothesis followed by the authors to elucidate the mechanisms behind the observed effects of structured surfaces on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez
- Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Neal RA, Oredein-McCoy O, Botchwey EA. Nanomedicine: Addressing Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Tissue Regeneration. CURRENT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS 2009; 5:206-214. [PMID: 27630537 PMCID: PMC5019576 DOI: 10.2174/157340709789054722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is becoming an increasingly significant problem. In attempts to overcome many of the traditional hurdles of cardiovascular disease treatment, therapeutic approaches have been gradually moving beyond an exclusive focus on orally delivered drugs towards the development of nanoscale applications. These technologies exploit molecular scale events to improve drug and gene delivery applications, enhance preventative medicine and diagnostic strategies, and create biomimicking substrates for vascular tissue engineering. As nanoscale treatments enter the arena of clinical medicine, new ways of thinking about and routes for applying nanomedicine to cardiovascular health issues are emerging. With focuses on drug delivery, gene therapy, and biomimetics, this article will provide a comprehensive review of various nanomedicine applications for combating atherosclerosis and for improving upon current vascular tissue engineering designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah A. Neal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | | | - Edward A. Botchwey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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