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Lokesh M, Bandaru LJM, Rajanna A, Rao JS, Challa S. Unveiling Potential Neurotoxic Mechansisms: Pb-Induced Activation of CDK5-p25 Signaling Axis in Alzheimer's Disease Development, Emphasizing CDK5 Inhibition and Formation of Toxic p25 Species. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3090-3103. [PMID: 37968421 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with an etiology influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the potential neurodegenerative role of Pb and amyloid β peptides (1-40 and 25-35) via their interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and its activator, p25, in an attempt to unravel the molecular basis of Pb-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells. To this end, a CDK5 inhibitor was utilized to selectively inhibit CDK5 activity and investigate its impact on neurodegeneration. The results revealed that Pb exposure led to elevated Pb uptake (56.7% at 15 μM Pb) and disturbances in intracellular calcium (19.6% increase upon Pb treatment). The results revealed a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (by 88.6% upon Pb treatment) and also elevation in protein carbonylation (by 26.2% upon Pb and Aβp's combination treatment), indicative of oxidative damage, suggesting an impaired cellular defence against oxidative stress and elevated DNA oxidative damage (178 pg/ml and 182 pg/ml of 8-OH-dG upon Pb and All treatment). Additionally, dysregulations in levels of calpain, p25-35 and CDK5 are observed and markers associated with antioxidant metabolism (phospho-Peroxiredoxin 1), DNA damage responses (phospho-ATM and phospho-p53), and nuclear membrane disruption (phospho-lamin A/C) were observed, supporting the role of Pb-induced CDK5-p25 signaling in AD pathogenesis. These findings shed light on the intricate molecular events underlying Pb-induced neurotoxicity and provide valuable insights into the mechanisms that contribute to AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murumulla Lokesh
- Cell Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Lakshmi Jaya Madhuri Bandaru
- Cell Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Ajumeera Rajanna
- Cell Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - J Sreenivasa Rao
- Cell Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Suresh Challa
- Cell Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
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Yao B, Men J, Liu S, Bai Y, Yu C, Gao Y, Xu X, Zhao L, Zhang J, Wang H, Li Y, Peng R. Shortwave radiation-induced reproductive organ damage in male rats by enhanced expression of molecules associated with the calpain/Cdk5 pathway and oxidative stress. Electromagn Biol Med 2023; 42:150-162. [PMID: 38155529 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2023.2296896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Shortwave radiation has been reported to have harmful effects on several organs in humans and animals. However, the biological effects of 27 MHz shortwave on the reproductive system are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of shortwave whole-body exposure at a frequency of 27 MHz on structural and functional changes in the testis. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 27 MHz continuous shortwaves at average power densities of 0, 5, 10, or 30 mW/cm2 for 6 min. The levels of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb) in the peripheral serum, sperm motility, sperm malformation rate, and testicular tissue structure of rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, calpain, and Cdk5 expression were analyzed at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure. We observed that the rats after radiation had decreased serum INSL3 levels (p < 0.01), increased AsAb levels (p < 0.05), decreased percentage of class A+B sperm (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), increased sperm malformation (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), injured testicular tissue structure, decreased SOD and CAT activities (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), increased MDA content (p < 0.01), and testicular tissue expressions of calpain1, calpain2, and Cdk5 were increased (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In conclusion, Shortwave radiation caused functional and structural damage to the reproductive organs of male rats. Furthermore, oxidative stress and key molecules in the calpain/Cdk5 pathway are likely involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binwei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Men
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Bai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabing Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the progressive loss of specific neurons. The exact mechanisms of action of these diseases are unknown, and many studies have focused on pathways related to abnormal accumulation and processing of proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress leading to apoptotic death. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that aberrant cell cycle re-entry plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. The activation of the cell cycle in mature neurons could be promoted by several signaling mechanisms, including c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades; post-translational modifications such as Tau-phosphorylation; and DNA damage response. In all these events, implicated Cdk5, a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase, seems to be responsible for several cellular processes in neurons including axon growth, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, neuronal migration, and maintenance of neuronal survival. However, under pathological conditions, Cdk5 dysregulation may lead to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons. Thus, Cdk5 hyperactivation, by its physiologic activator p25, hyper-phosphorylates downstream substrates related to neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes factors such as oxidative stress, DNA damage response, signaling pathway disturbance, and Ubiquitin proteasome malfunction contributing to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons. It also describes how all these factors are linked to a greater or lesser extent with Cdk5. Thus, it offers a global vision of the function of cell cycle-related proteins in mature neurons with a focus on Cdk5 and how this protein contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease by cell cycle activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain,Correspondence to: Raquel Requejo-Aguilar, PhD, .
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Zhang Y, Du L, Yan J, Bai Q, Niu Q, Mo Y, Zhang Q, Nie J. Prenatal benzo[a]pyrene exposure impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in SD rat offspring during adolescence and adulthood via HDAC2-mediated histone deacetylation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 246:114180. [PMID: 36265406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a widespread carcinogenic pollutant in the environment. Although previous studies have demonstrated the neurodevelopmental toxicity of B[a]P, the precise mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects induced by prenatal B[a]P exposure remain largely unknown. In the present study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg-bw of B[a]P for three consecutive days on embryonic days 17-19. The learning and memory abilities of offspring were determined by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, while the number of dendritic branches and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 and DG regions were evaluated by Golgi-Cox staining at PND 45 and PND 75. The mRNA expression of BDNF, PSD-95, and SYP in offspring hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR, and the protein expression of BDNF, PSD-95, SYP, HDAC2, acH3K9, and acH3K14 were measured by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. CHIP-PCR was performed to further detect the levels of acH3K9 and acH3K14 in the promoter regions of BDNF and PSD-95 genes. Our results showed that rats prenatally exposed to B[a]P exhibited impaired spatial learning and memory abilities and the number of dendritic branches and the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 and DG regions were significantly reduced during adolescence and adulthood. The expression of HDAC2 protein was significantly upregulated, while acH3K9, acH3K14, BDNF, PSD-95, and SYP protein levels were significantly downregulated in the hippocampus of B[a]P- exposed rats. In addition, CHIP results showed that prenatal B[a]P exposure markedly decreased the level of acH3K9 and acH3K14 in the promoter region of BDNF and PSD-95 gene in the hippocampus of PND 45 and PND 75 offspring. All of the results suggest that prenatal B[a]P exposure impairs cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity of offspring in adolescence and adulthood, and HDAC2-mediated histone deacetylation plays a crucial role in these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Prevention and Treatment, Datong, Shanxi 037003, PR China
| | - Linhu Du
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Qianxiang Bai
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yiqun Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40209, USA
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40209, USA
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
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Abstract
Neurological disorders are a group of disorders with motor, sensory or cognitive damage, caused by dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. Cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (Cdk5) is of vital significance for the development of the nervous system, including the migration and differentiation of neurons, the formation of synapses, and axon regeneration. However, when the nervous system is subject to pathological stimulation, aberrant activation of Cdk5 will induce abnormal phosphorylation of a variety of substrates, resulting in a cascade signaling pathway, and thus lead to pathological changes. Cdk5 is intimately related to the pathological mechanism of a variety of neurological disorders, such as A-β protein formation in Alzheimer’s disease, mitochondrial fragmentation in cerebral ischemia, and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. It is worth noting that Cdk5 inhibitors have been reported to have neuroprotective effects by inhibiting related pathological processes. Therefore, in this review, we will briefly introduce the physiological and pathological mechanisms of Cdk5 in the nervous system, focusing on the recent advances of Cdk5 in neurological disorders and the prospect of targeted Cdk5 for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncao Ao
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Model for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liuwang Zeng
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Saravanakumar K, Sivasantosh S, Sathiyaseelan A, Sankaranarayanan A, Naveen KV, Zhang X, Jamla M, Vijayasarathy S, Vishnu Priya V, MubarakAli D, Wang MH. Impact of benzo[a]pyrene with other pollutants induce the molecular alternation in the biological system: Existence, detection, and remediation methods. Environ Pollut 2022; 304:119207. [PMID: 35351595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) in recent times is rather unavoidable than ever before. BaP emissions are sourced majorly from anthropogenic rather than natural provenance from wildfires and volcanic eruptions. A major under-looked source is via the consumption of foods that are deep-fried, grilled, and charcoal smoked foods (meats in particular). BaP being a component of poly aromatic hydrocarbons has been classified as a Group I carcinogenic agent, which has been shown to cause both systemic and localized effects in animal models as well as in humans; has been known to cause various forms of cancer, accelerate neurological disorders, invoke DNA and cellular damage due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and involve in multi-generational phenotypic and genotypic defects. BaP's short and accumulated exposure has been shown in disrupting the fertility of gamete cells. In this review, we have discussed an in-depth and capacious run-through of the various origins of BaP, its economic distribution and its impact as well as toxicological effects on the environment and human health. It also deals with a mechanism as a single compound and its ability to synergize with other chemicals/materials, novel sensitive detection methods, and remediation approaches held in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alwarappan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Life Sciences, Sri Sathya Sai University for Human Excellence, Navanihal, Karnataka, 585 313, India.
| | - Kumar Vishven Naveen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression, role, and underlying mechanism of action of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in congenital hypothyroidism (CH). A CH model was established in rats, and neuronal cells were isolated from the hippocampal tissues of normal rats. Free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-Stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were determined to confirm CH model conduction. The cognitive behavior of rats with CH was examined using open field and forced swimming tests. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of SIRT1, p53, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xl), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), and cytochrome c in the hippocampal tissues and neuronal cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. The results revealed that SIRT1 was expressed at low levels in the hippocampal tissues of rats with CH. Moreover, overexpression of SIRT1 in the hippocampal tissues of rats with CH and improved rat behavior, while reducing the CH-induced nerve cell apoptosis. In addition, this overexpression increased the viability, inhibited apoptosis, and reduced the expression of p53, Bax, and cytochrome c, while increasing the expression of Bcl-xl in cultured neurons. In contrast, SIRT1-small interfering RNA exhibited the opposite effects in cultured neurons. In conclusion, SIRT1 plays a role in the occurrence and development of CH by regulating nerve cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Department of Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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