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Li S, Qiao Z, Huang M, Lao Q, Zhang Q, Xing Y, Pan S, Martin FL, Liu H, Pang W. Combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics and benzo[a]pyrene in rat: Study of the oxidative stress effects in the liver. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 278:116390. [PMID: 38705037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) are prevalent environmental pollutants. Numerous studies have extensively reported their individual adverse effects on organisms. However, the combined effects and mechanisms of exposure in mammals remain unknown. Thus, this study aims to investigate the potential effects of oral administration of 0.5μm polystyrene (PS) MPs (1 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL), B[a]P (1 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL) and combined (1 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL) on 64 male SD rats by gavage method over 6-weeks. The results demonstrate that the liver histopathological examination showed that the liver lobules in the combined (5 mg/kg) group had blurred and loose boundaries, liver cord morphological disorders, and significant steatosis. The levels of AST, ALT, TC, and TG in the combined dose groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups, the combined (5 mg/kg) group had the lowest levels of antioxidant enzymes and the highest levels of oxidants. The expression of Nrf2 was lowest and the expression of P38, NF-κB, and TNF-α was highest in the combined (5 mg/kg) group. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the combination of PSMPs and B[a]P can cause the highest levels of oxidative stress and elicit markedly enhanced toxic effects, which cause severe liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengle Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Zipeng Qiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Meidie Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Qiufeng Lao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Songying Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Francis L Martin
- Biocel UK Ltd, Hull HU10 6TS, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China.
| | - Weiyi Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; School of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China.
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2
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Kwong HS, Paloni M, Grandvuillemin L, Sirounian S, Ancelin A, Lai-Kee-Him J, Grimaldi M, Carivenc C, Lancey C, Ragan TJ, Hesketh EL, Balaguer P, Barducci A, Gruszczyk J, Bourguet W. Structural Insights into the Activation of Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by the Environmental Contaminant Benzo[a]pyrene and Structurally Related Compounds. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168411. [PMID: 38135181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor belonging to the bHLH/PAS protein family and responding to hundreds of natural and chemical substances. It is primarily involved in the defense against chemical insults and bacterial infections or in the adaptive immune response, but also in the development of pathological conditions ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic disorders. Despite its prominent roles in many (patho)physiological processes, the lack of high-resolution structural data has precluded for thirty years an in-depth understanding of the structural mechanisms underlying ligand-binding specificity, promiscuity and activation of AHR. We recently reported a cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human AHR bound to the natural ligand indirubin, the chaperone Hsp90 and the co-chaperone XAP2 that provided the first experimental visualization of its ligand-binding PAS-B domain. Here, we report a 2.75 Å resolution structure of the AHR complex bound to the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The structure substantiates the existence of a bipartite PAS-B ligand-binding pocket with a geometrically constrained primary binding site controlling ligand binding specificity and affinity, and a secondary binding site contributing to the binding promiscuity of AHR. We also report a docking study of B[a]P congeners that validates the B[a]P-bound PAS-B structure as a suitable model for accurate computational ligand binding assessment. Finally, comparison of our agonist-bound complex with the recently reported structures of mouse and fruit fly AHR PAS-B in different activation states suggests a ligand-induced loop conformational change potentially involved in the regulation of AHR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hok-Sau Kwong
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Matteo Paloni
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Grandvuillemin
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Savannah Sirounian
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Ancelin
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Josephine Lai-Kee-Him
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Coralie Carivenc
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudia Lancey
- Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Timothy J Ragan
- Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Emma L Hesketh
- Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alessandro Barducci
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Jakub Gruszczyk
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - William Bourguet
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
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Herbert C, Ohrnberger CL, Quinlisk E, Addepalli B, Limbach PA. Characterizing Benzo[a]pyrene Adducts in Transfer RNAs Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Biomedicines 2023; 11:3270. [PMID: 38137491 PMCID: PMC10741534 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The activated forms of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), such as benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), are known to cause damage to genomic DNA and proteins. However, the impact of BPDE on ribonucleic acid (RNA) remains unclear. To understand the full spectrum of potential BPDE-RNA adducts formed, we reacted ribonucleoside standards with BPDE and characterized the reaction products using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To understand the potential types of adducts that could form with biological RNAs, eukaryotic transfer RNAs (tRNAs) were also reacted with BPDE. The isolation and analysis of the modified and adducted ribonucleosides using LC-MS/MS revealed several BPDE derivatives of post-transcriptional modifications. The approach outlined in this work enables the identification of RNA adducts from BPDE, which can pave the way for understanding the potential impacts of such adducts on the higher-order structure and function of modified RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick A. Limbach
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA; (C.H.)
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Zhang N, Pan L, Liao Q, Tong R, Li Y. Potential molecular mechanism underlying the harmed haemopoiesis upon Benzo[a]pyrene exposure in Chlamys farreri. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 141:109032. [PMID: 37640119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a ubiquitous contamination in the marine environments, has the potential to impact the immune response of bivalves by affecting the hemocyte parameters, especially total hemocyte count (THC). THC is mainly determined by haematopoietic mechanisms and apoptosis of hemocytes. Many studies have found that B[a]P can influence the proliferation and differentiation of hemocytes. However, the link between the toxic mechanisms of haematopoietic and environmental pollutants is not explicitly stated. This study is to investigate the toxic effects of B[a]P on haematopoietic mechanisms in C. farreri. Through the tissue expression distribution experiment and EDU assay, gill is identified as a potential haematopoietic tissue in C. farreri. Subsequently, the scallops were exposed to B[a]P (0.05, 0.5, 5 μg/L) for 1d, 3d, 6d, 10d and 15d. Then BPDE content, DNA damage, gene expression of haematopoietic factors and haematopoietic related pathways were determined in gill and hemocytes. The results showed that the expression of CDK2 was significantly decreased under B[a]P exposure through three pathways: RYR/IP3-calcium, BPDE-CHK1 and Notch pathway, resulting in cell cycle arrest. In addition, B[a]P also significantly reduced the number of proliferating hemocytes by affecting the Wnt pathway. Meanwhile, B[a]P can significantly increase the content of ROS, causing a downregulation of FOXO gene expression. The gene expression of Notch pathway and ERK pathway was also detected. The present study suggested that B[a]P disturbed differentiation by multiple pathways. Furthermore, the expression of SOX11 and CD9 were significantly decreased, which directly indicated that differentiation of hemocytes was disturbed. In addition, phagocytosis, phenoloxidase activity and THC were also significant decreased. In summary, the impairment of haematopoietic activity in C. farreri further causes immunotoxicity under B[a]P exposure. This study will improve our understanding of the immunotoxicity mechanism of bivalve under B[a]P exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Qilong Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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5
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Lei F, Zhang N, Miao J, Tong R, Li Y, Pan L. Potential pathway and mechanisms underlining the immunotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene to Chlamys farreri. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:97128-97146. [PMID: 37582894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The long-distance migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) promotes their release into the marine environment, posing a serious threat to marine life. Studies have shown that PAHs have significant immunotoxicity effects on bivalves, but the exact mechanism of immunotoxicity remains unclear. This paper aims to investigate the effects of exposure to 0.4, 2, and 10 μg/L of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) on the immunity of Chlamys farreri under environmental conditions, as well as the potential molecular mechanism. Multiple biomarkers, including phagocytosis rate, metabolites, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis, were adopted to assess these effects. After exposure to 0.4, 2, and 10 μg/L B[a]P, obvious concentration-dependent immunotoxicity was observed, indicated by a decrease in the hemocyte index (total hemocyte count, phagocytosis rate, antibacterial and bacteriolytic activity). Analysis of the detoxification metabolic system in C. farreri revealed that B[a]P produced B[a]P-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) through metabolism, which led to an increase in the expression of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK). In addition, the increased content of neurotransmitters (including acetylcholine, γ -aminobutyric acid, enkephalin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) and related receptors implied that B[a]P might affect immunity through neuroendocrine system. The changes in signal pathway factors involved in immune regulation indicated that B[a]P interfered with Ca2+ and cAMP signal transduction via the BPDE-PTK pathway or neuroendocrine pathway, resulting in immunosuppression. Additionally, B[a]P induced the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and DNA damage, as well as an upregulation of key genes in the mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway, leading to the increase of apoptosis rate. Taken together, this study comprehensively investigated the detoxification metabolic system, neuroendocrine system, and cell apoptosis to explore the toxic mechanism of bivalves under B[a]P stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Qiu M, Zhang N, Yao S, Zhou H, Chen X, Jia Y, Zhang H, Li X, Jiang Y. DNMT3A-mediated high expression of circ_0057504 promotes benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage via the NONO-SFPQ complex in human bronchial epithelial cells. Environ Int 2022; 170:107627. [PMID: 36399942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a class I carcinogen and hazardous environmental pollutant with genetic toxicity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic deterioration and epigenetic alterations induced by environmental contaminants may contribute to the early detection and prevention of cancer. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the B[a]P-induced DNA damage response (DDR) have not been elucidated. In this study, human bronchial epithelial cell lines (16HBE and BEAS-2B) were exposed to various concentrations of B[a]P, and BALB/c mice were treated with B[a]P intranasally. B[a]P exposure was found to induce DNA damage and upregulate circular RNA hsa_circ_0057504 (circ_0057504) expression in vitro and in vivo. In addition, B[a]P upregulated TMEM194B mRNA and circ_0057504 expression through inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) expression in vitro. Modulation (overexpression or knockdown) of circ_0057504 expression levels using a lentiviral system in human bronchial epithelial cells revealed that circ_0057504 promoted B[a]P-induced DNA damage. RNA pull-down and western blot assays showed that circ_0057504 interacted with non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding (NONO) and splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ) proteins and regulated formation of the NONO-SFPQ protein complex. Thus, our findings indicate that circ_0057504 acts as a novel regulator of DNA damage in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to B[a]P. The current study reveals novel insights into the role of circRNAs in the regulation of genetic damage, and describes the effect and regulatory mechanisms of circ_0057504 on B[a]P genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shuwei Yao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hanyu Zhou
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xintong Chen
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Zhang Y, Du L, Yan J, Bai Q, Niu Q, Mo Y, Zhang Q, Nie J. Prenatal benzo[a]pyrene exposure impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in SD rat offspring during adolescence and adulthood via HDAC2-mediated histone deacetylation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 246:114180. [PMID: 36265406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a widespread carcinogenic pollutant in the environment. Although previous studies have demonstrated the neurodevelopmental toxicity of B[a]P, the precise mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects induced by prenatal B[a]P exposure remain largely unknown. In the present study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg-bw of B[a]P for three consecutive days on embryonic days 17-19. The learning and memory abilities of offspring were determined by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, while the number of dendritic branches and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 and DG regions were evaluated by Golgi-Cox staining at PND 45 and PND 75. The mRNA expression of BDNF, PSD-95, and SYP in offspring hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR, and the protein expression of BDNF, PSD-95, SYP, HDAC2, acH3K9, and acH3K14 were measured by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. CHIP-PCR was performed to further detect the levels of acH3K9 and acH3K14 in the promoter regions of BDNF and PSD-95 genes. Our results showed that rats prenatally exposed to B[a]P exhibited impaired spatial learning and memory abilities and the number of dendritic branches and the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 and DG regions were significantly reduced during adolescence and adulthood. The expression of HDAC2 protein was significantly upregulated, while acH3K9, acH3K14, BDNF, PSD-95, and SYP protein levels were significantly downregulated in the hippocampus of B[a]P- exposed rats. In addition, CHIP results showed that prenatal B[a]P exposure markedly decreased the level of acH3K9 and acH3K14 in the promoter region of BDNF and PSD-95 gene in the hippocampus of PND 45 and PND 75 offspring. All of the results suggest that prenatal B[a]P exposure impairs cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity of offspring in adolescence and adulthood, and HDAC2-mediated histone deacetylation plays a crucial role in these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Prevention and Treatment, Datong, Shanxi 037003, PR China
| | - Linhu Du
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Qianxiang Bai
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yiqun Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40209, USA
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40209, USA
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
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Romdhani I, De Marco G, Cappello T, Ibala S, Zitouni N, Boughattas I, Banni M. Impact of environmental microplastics alone and mixed with benzo[a]pyrene on cellular and molecular responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Hazard Mater 2022; 435:128952. [PMID: 35472537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hazard of microplastic (MP) pollution in marine environments is a current concern. However, the effects of environmental microplastics combined with other pollutants are still poorly investigated. Herein, impact of ecologically relevant concentrations of environmental MP alone (50 µg/L) or combined with B[a]P (1 µg/L) was assessed in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis after a short-term exposure (1 and 3 days) to environmental MP collected from a north-Mediterranean beach. Raman Microspectroscopy (RMS) revealed bioaccumulation in mussel hemolymph of MP, characterized by polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), with abundance of MP sized 1.22-0.45 µm. An increase of B[a]P was detected in mussels after 3-day exposure, particularly when mixed with MP. Both contaminants induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on hemocytes as determined by lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), micronuclei frequency (FMN), and DNA fragmentation rate by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). About apoptosis/DNA repair processes, P53 and DNA-ligase increased at 1-day exposure in all conditions, whereas after 3 days increase of bax, Cas-3 and P53 and decrease of Bcl-2 and DNA-ligase were revealed, suggesting a shift towards a cell apoptotic event in exposed mussels. Overall, this study provides new insights on the risk of MP for the marine ecosystem, their ability to accumulate xenobiotics and transfer them to marine biota, with potential adverse repercussion on their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilef Romdhani
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR20AGR02, ISA, University of Sousse, Tunisia and Higher Institute of Biotechnology, ISBM, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Samira Ibala
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Zitouni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR20AGR02, ISA, University of Sousse, Tunisia and Higher Institute of Biotechnology, ISBM, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR20AGR02, ISA, University of Sousse, Tunisia and Higher Institute of Biotechnology, ISBM, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR20AGR02, ISA, University of Sousse, Tunisia and Higher Institute of Biotechnology, ISBM, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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9
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Lei F, Tian Y, Miao J, Pan L, Tong R, Zhou Y. Immunotoxicity pathway and mechanism of benzo[a]pyrene on hemocytes of Chlamys farreri in vitro. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 124:208-218. [PMID: 35413479 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a typical PAHs widely existing in the marine environment, has been extensively studied for its immunotoxicity due to its persistence and high toxicity. Nevertheless, the immunotoxicity mechanism remain incompletely understood. In this study, isolated hemocytes of Chlamys farreri were exposed at three concentrations of B[a]P (5, 10 and 15 μg/mL), and the effects of B[a]P on detoxification metabolism, signal transduction, humoral immune factors, exocytosis and phagocytosis relevant proteins and immune function at 0, 6, 12, 24 h were studied. Results illustrated the AhR, ARNT and CYP1A1 were significantly induced by B[a]P at 12 h. Additionally, the content of B[a]P metabolite BPDE increased in a dose-dependent manner with pollutants. Under B[a]P stimulation, the expressions of PTK (Src, Fyn) and PLC-Ca2+-PKC pathway gene increased significantly, while the transcription level of AC-cAMP-PKA pathway gene decreased remarkably. Additionally, the expressions of nuclear transcription factors (CREB, NF-κB), complement system genes and C-type lectin genes up-regulated obviously. The gene expressions of phagocytosis and exocytosis related proteins were also notably affected. 5 μg/mL B[a]P could promote phagocytosis in a transitory time, but with the increase of exposure time and concentration of B[a]P, the phagocytosis, antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities gradually decreased. These results indicated that similar to vertebrates, BPDE, the metabolite of B[a]P, mediated downstream signal transduction via PTK in bivalves. The declined of the immune defense ability of hemocytes might be closely related to the inhibition of AC-cAMP-PKA pathway and the imbalance of intracellular Ca2+ pathway. In addition, the results manifested that complement and lectin systems play a significant role in regulating immune response. In this study, the direct relationship between detoxification metabolism and immune signal transduction in bivalves under B[a]P stress was demonstrated for the first time, which provided important information for the potential molecular mechanism of B[a]P-induced immune system disorder in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yimeng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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10
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Imran M, Chalmel F, Sergent O, Evrard B, Le Mentec H, Legrand A, Dupont A, Bescher M, Bucher S, Fromenty B, Huc L, Sparfel L, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N. Transcriptomic analysis in zebrafish larvae identifies iron-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible key event of NAFLD progression induced by benzo[a]pyrene/ethanol co-exposure. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022:10.1007/s10565-022-09706-4. [PMID: 35412187 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide epidemic for which environmental contaminants are increasingly recognized as important etiological factors. Among them, the combination of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a potent environmental carcinogen, with ethanol, was shown to induce the transition of steatosis toward steatohepatitis. However, the underlying mechanisms involved remain to be deciphered. In this context, we used high-fat diet fed zebrafish model, in which we previously observed progression of steatosis to a steatohepatitis-like state following a 7-day-co-exposure to 43 mM ethanol and 25 nM B[a]P. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted the potent role of mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in heme and iron homeostasis, involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling, and oxidative stress. Most of these mRNA dysregulations were validated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, similar changes were observed using a human in vitro hepatocyte model, HepaRG cells. The mitochondria structural and functional alterations were confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy and Seahorse technology, respectively. Involvement of AhR signaling was evidenced by using in vivo an AhR antagonist, CH223191, and in vitro in AhR-knock-out HepaRG cells. Furthermore, as co-exposure was found to increase the levels of both heme and hemin, we investigated if mitochondrial iron could induce oxidative stress. We found that mitochondrial labile iron content was raised in toxicant-exposed larvae. This increase was prevented by the iron chelator, deferoxamine, which also inhibited liver co-exposure toxicity. Overall, these results suggest that the increase in mitochondrial iron content induced by B[a]P/ethanol co-exposure causes mitochondrial dysfunction that contributes to the pathological progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Le Mentec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélien Dupont
- Univ Rennes, Biosit - UMS 3480, US_S 018, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Maëlle Bescher
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Simon Bucher
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inrae, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer)-UMR_S 13 1241, and UMR_A 1341, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inrae, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer)-UMR_S 13 1241, and UMR_A 1341, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Huc
- Université de Toulouse, Inrae, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Lydie Sparfel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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11
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Luo Y, Zhang B, Geng N, Sun S, Song X, Chen J, Zhang H. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses provide insights into the difference in toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene and 6-chlorobenzo[a]pyrene to human hepatic cells. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152242. [PMID: 34919925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological information of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs), as derivatives of PAHs, is still relatively lacking. In this study, a combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics approach was adopted to explore the changes in toxicity to human L02 hepatocytes after chlorination of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) at 6 position. In general, 6-Cl-B[a]P produced a stronger toxicity to human hepatic cells than did parent B[a]P. When exposure concentrations were 5 and 50 nM, 6-Cl-B[a]P caused a weaker transcriptomic perturbation relative to B[a]P, whereas a stronger metabolomic perturbation, a stronger oxidative stress and a stronger inhibition effect on cell viability were caused by 6-Cl-B[a]P than did parent B[a]P. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that 6-Cl-B[a]P produced a more widely perturbation to metabolic pathways than did B[a]P. Although they both significantly impaired the function of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), the exact mechanism is different. B[a]P suppressed the expression of 20 genes regulating mitochondrial ETC mainly via AhR activation. However, 6-Cl-B[a]P produced a stronger inhibition on the activities of complexes I and V than did B[a]P. Meanwhile, 6-Cl-B[a]P also exhibited a stronger inhibition effect on mitochondrial β oxidation of fatty acid. Furthermore, 6-Cl-B[a]P and B[a]P both significantly disturbed the nucleotide metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in L02 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoqin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Elsheikh AM, M Roshdy T, Hassan SA, A Hussein M, M Fayed A. Resveratrol: A Potential Protector Against Benzo[a]pyrene- Induced Lung Toxicity. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:78-89. [PMID: 35001578 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.78.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a major component of lipophilic pollutants then can be translated to diffluent substances. The aim of t he present article was to investigate protective activity of resveratrol against lung toxicity induced by B[a]P. Material and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (6 animals/group): 3 negative control groups, control positive, B[a]P (20 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., resveratrol (50 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.)-B[a]P and vitamin C (1 g kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.)-B[a]P groups. <b>Results:</b> The daily oral administration of the resveratrol (50 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.) and vitamin C (1 g kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.) for 30 days to rats treated with B[a]P (20 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.) resulted in a significant improve plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-C as well as serum TNF-α, TBARS, IL-2,IL-6, haptoglobin, histamine, IgA, Ig E,Ig G and Ig M in B[a]P treated rats. On the other hand oral administration of resveratrol elevated the SOD, GPx and GR gene expression in lung rats treated with B[a]P. Furthermore, resveratrol and vitamin C nearly normalized these effects in lung histoarchitecture. <b>Conclusion:</b> The obtained biochemical, molecular biology and histological results of this study proved the lung protective activity of resveratrol against B[a]P induced lung toxicity in rats.
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Nie J, Zhang Y, Ning L, Yan Z, Duan L, Xi H, Niu Q, Zhang Q. Phosphorylation of p53 by Cdk5 contributes to benzo[a]pyrene-induced neuronal apoptosis. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:17-27. [PMID: 34529316 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a ubiquitous carcinogenic pollutant in the environment, however, the potential neurotoxic effects of B[a]P has not been elucidated clearly. In the present study, we explored the potential involvement of p53 phosphorylation by Cdk5 in B[a]P-induced neuronal apoptosis at both in vitro and in vivo settings. For in vitro studies, primary cortical neurons isolated from the brains of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat pup were exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 40 μM of B[a]P for 12, 24, or 48 h. For in vivo studies, SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 1.0, 2.5, and 6.25 mg/kg of B[a]P every other day for 1, 2, or 3 months. Our results demonstrated that exposure to B[a]P caused a dose- and a time-dependent increase in neuronal apoptotic ratio in both in vitro and in vivo studies. There was also a dose- and a time-dependent upregulation of p35, p25, Cdk5, and phosphorylated p53 at Ser15 after B[a]P exposure. In order to explore whether B[a]P-induced increased neuronal apoptosis was through Cdk5/p53 pathway, roscovitine, a specific Cdk5 inhibitor, was applied to pretreat neurons prior to B[a]P exposure. The results showed that pretreatment of neurons with roscovitine partially rescued cells from B[a]P-induced apoptosis, and alleviated B[a]P-induced upregulation of phosphorylated p53 at Ser15. Our results suggest that Cdk5/p53 signaling pathway may be involved in B[a]P-induced neuronal apoptosis, which will provide information to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaxing Xi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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14
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Tian Y, Pan L, Miao J, Lei F, Xu R, Zhang X. The mechanism of apoptosis of Chlamys farreri hemocytes under benzopyrene stress in vitro. Sci Total Environ 2021; 794:148731. [PMID: 34217077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytes are critical to the immune defense system of bivalves, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can mediate the immunity of bivalves by affecting the apoptosis of hemocytes. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Chlamys farreri, as an important economic bivalve, was selected as the research subject for this experimentation. The hemocytes were exposed to typical PAHs-benzopyrene (B[a]P) in vitro to explore the apoptosis mechanism through detecting oxidative stress and oxidative damage-related indicators, apoptosis pathway factors, and apoptosis rate within 24 h. The results showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) content in hemocytes increased significantly under B[a]P exposure, while antioxidant genes, glutathione peroxidase content and total antioxidant capacity all showed a trend of first rising and subsequent falling. B[a]P also caused serious damage to DNA and lysosomal membrane stability. The proapoptotic factors genes in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were significantly up-regulated, and the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated. Besides, mitochondrial membrane potential stability was significantly reduced and caspase 9 enzyme activity was significantly improved with the B[a]P stimulation. The factors of death receptor pathway were also significantly up-regulated by B[a]P. Moreover, the expression levels of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases were also induced. The gene expression and enzyme activity of the caspase 3 and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased under B[a]P exposure. In conclusion, these results indicated that ROS was induced by B[a]P, and further triggered the oxidative stress and oxidative damage in hemocytes. B[a]P induced hemocyte apoptosis was mediated by both mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor apoptosis, and the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was affected by ROS. In addition, BPDE and MAPKs may play important roles in the B[a]P-mediated apoptosis pathway. This study deepens understanding of the apoptosis pathway and the immunotoxicity mechanism in bivalves hemocytes stimulated by persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Fengjun Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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15
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Li Y, Ning W, Zhang J, Xu S, Jiang L, Chen Z, Zhang L. Effects of Lead (Pb) and Benzo [a] Pyrene ( B[a]P) and their Combined Exposure on Element Accumulation in Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:955-960. [PMID: 34156501 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It was observed in this work that application of Pb and B[a]P co-exposure significantly (p < 0.05) reduced Pb content in ryegrass leaves and roots. The effect of Pb dominated the change of N, P, K, Cu, and Cr content in leaves and roots of ryegrass under joint stress of Pb and B[a]P. Principal component analysis showed that the foliar spraying of 400 μmol L-1 Pb and 80 μmol L-1 B[a]P had the best effect on improving the mineral element absorption under combined pollution. Ryegrass has strong resistance and certain Pb and B[a]P absorptive capacities, and can resist combined contamination by transferring N, P, K, Zn, Cu, and Cr contents between the overground and the root. These results highlight the potential capacity of ryegrass for use in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by Pb and B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wantong Ning
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajiao Zhang
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sunan Xu
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lihong Zhang
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
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16
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Guo S, Wei C, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. The distribution and retained amount of benzo[a]pyrene at the micro-zones of mangrove leaf cuticles: Results from a novel analytical method. Environ Pollut 2021; 287:117589. [PMID: 34426385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf cuticles play a critical role in the accumulation and transport of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The relationship between the distribution and retained amount of PAHs on the leaf cuticles and the leaves micro-zone structures is still unclear. In this study, a confocal microscopic fluorescence spectral analysis (CMFSA) system with a spatial resolution of 200 nm was established as a direct and noninvasive means to determine the microscopic distribution and quantify the retained amount of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) at Aegiceras corniculatum (Ac), Kandelia obovata (Ko) and Avicennia marina (Am) leaf cuticle micro-zones (0.096 mm2). The linear ranges for the established method were 10-1900 ng spot-1 for Ac, 15-1700 ng spot-1 for Ko and 30-1800 ng spot-1 for Am, and the detection limits were 0.06 ng spot-1 for Ac, 0.06 ng spot-1 for Ko and 0.07 ng spot-1 for Am. Notably, B[a]P formed clusters and unevenly distributed at the leaf cuticles. On the adaxial cuticles, B[a]P was mainly accumulated unevenly along the epidermis cell wall, and it was also distinctively distributed in the secretory cells around salt glands for Ac and Am. On the abaxial leaf cuticles, B[a]P was concentrated in the salt glands and stomata apart from being unevenly distributed in the epidermis cell wall. Moreover, the amount of B[a]P retained presented a negative correlation with the polarity of leaf cuticles, which resulted in the amount of B[a]P retained on the adaxial leaf cuticles being significantly higher than that on abaxial leaf cuticles. Our results provide a potential in situ method for investigating the distribution and retained amount of PAHs at plant leaf surface micro-zones, which would contribute to further studying and understanding the mechanism of migration and transformation of PAHs by plant leaves from a microscopic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chaoxian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yaxian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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17
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Grimard C, Mangold-Döring A, Alharbi H, Weber L, Hogan N, Jones PD, Giesy JP, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. Toxicokinetic Models for Bioconcentration of Organic Contaminants in Two Life Stages of White Sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus). Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:11590-11600. [PMID: 34383468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) is an endangered ancient fish species that is known to be particularly sensitive to certain environmental contaminants, partly because of the uptake and subsequent toxicity of lipophilic pollutants prone to bioconcentration as a result of their high lipid content. To better understand the bioconcentration of organic contaminants in this species, toxicokinetic (TK) models were developed for the embryo-larval and subadult life stages. The embryo-larval model was designed as a one-compartment model and validated using whole-body measurements of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolites from a waterborne exposure to B[a]P. A physiologically based TK (PBTK) model was used for the subadult model. The predictive power of the subadult model was validated with an experimental data set of four chemicals. Results showed that the TK models could accurately predict the bioconcentration of organic contaminants for both life stages of white sturgeon within 1 order of magnitude of measured values. These models provide a tool to better understand the impact of environmental contaminants on the health and the survival of endangered white sturgeon populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Grimard
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Annika Mangold-Döring
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Hattan Alharbi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynn Weber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Natacha Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Paul D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
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18
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Tian Y, Liu J, Pan L. The mechanism of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to mediate apoptosis and immunotoxicity induced by Benzo[a]pyrene on hemocytes of scallop Chlamys farreri in vitro. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:64-72. [PMID: 32268177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzo [a]pyrene (B [a]P) has received widespread attention for serious pollution in the sea, which may reduce immunity and lead to the outbreak of disease in bivalves. However, the mechanism of immunotoxicity induced by B [a]P in bivalves was still unclear. Previous studies have found that Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) including three classic pathways (ERK, p38 and JNK) play an important role in mediating this process. Thus, in order to explore the mechanism of immunotoxicity induced by B [a]P in scallop Chlamys farreri, hemocytes were treated with PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) for 1 h and then incubation with B [a]P for 24 h at 1 μg/mL. Indexes including oxidative damage, apoptotic rate, and immune indicators were detected in the present study. The results showed that the increase of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and DNA damage induced by B [a]P was inhibited with PD98059 and SB203580. Besides, lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) damage was promoted by PD98059, while it was opposite when treated with SB203580. Moreover, the ascended apoptosis rate induced by B [a]P was increased significantly after treatment with PD98059, but it was remarkably attenuated by SB203580 and SP600125. However, the opposite pattern was showed in phagocytosis compared with apoptosis rate in all of three inhibitors. In addition, antibacterial activity and bacteriolytic activity were enhanced by SB203580 while inhibited by PD98059. Therefore, these results showed that MAPKs directly or indirectly mediate the decrease of oxidative damage, apoptosis and immune defense ability of C. farreri hemocytes, which suggesting ERK/p38/JNK pathways have different functions in the apoptosis and immunity of C. farreri hemocytes after B [a]P exposure. In conclusion, this study intended to enrich the theoretical basis for immunotoxicology of bivalves exposed to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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19
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Meng F, Yang X, Duan L, Naidu R, Nuruzzaman M, Semple KT. Influence of pH, electrical conductivity and ageing on the extractability of benzo[a]pyrene in two contrasting soils. Sci Total Environ 2019; 690:647-653. [PMID: 31301505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Higher soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were suspected to result in higher extractability and bioavailability of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in soils. In this study, we investigated the influence of pH, EC and ageing on the extractability of B[a]P in two contracting soils (varied largely in soil texture, clay mineralogy and organic carbon content) over 4 months. Dilute sodium hydroxide (0.2 mol L-1) and sodium chloride (0.1 mol L-1) solutions were used to adjust soil pH and EC either separately or simultaneously. Extractability of B[a]P in these soils was monitored using a mild solvent extraction using butanol (BuOH, end-over-end shake over 24 h), and an exhaustive mix-solvent extraction using dichloromethane/acetone (DCM/Ace, v:v = 1:1) facilitated by sonication and a subsequent NaOH saponification method following the DCM/Ace extraction. Results showed that increased pH and/or EC significantly increased the B[a]P extractability in the sandy soil (GIA). Variance analysis of contribution of pH and/or EC modification and ageing time on changes in B[a]P extractability indicated that in GIA > 55% and over 25% of the changes in B[a]P extractability was attributed to increased pH&EC and pH only respectively. While ageing resulted in >85% of the change in B[a]P extractability in the clayey soil (BDA), following by increased pH&EC (contribution < 15%). Large amount of non-extractable residue (NER) were formed over the ageing period, up to 95% and 79% in GIA/BDA and its modified soils, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between B[a]P BuOH extractability and the exhaustive sequential extraction using DCM/Ace followed by NaOH saponification for all soils (p < 0.001). With slopes of the correlations close to 1, our results indicated that the simple mild solvent BuOH extraction was equivalent to the complex sequential DCM/Ace and NaOH saponification extraction in these soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbo Meng
- Institute of Soil, Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, China; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Geography & Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Luchun Duan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), the University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), the University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Nuruzzaman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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20
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Chang J, Shen J, Tao J, Li N, Xu C, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang Q. The impact of heating season factors on eight PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and cancer risk in Beijing. Sci Total Environ 2019; 688:1413-1421. [PMID: 31726569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, 443 atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected at five sampling sites in Beijing. The concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAH8 (Chr, BaA, BbF, BkF, B[a]P, DBA, BghiP, and IND) were determined via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The annual concentration of PM2.5-bound PAH8, lifetime cancer risk, and the increasing value due to heating season factors (heating and meteorological conditions) were analyzed. The results showed that the sum concentration of PM2.5-bound PAH8 during heating season was 72.6 ng/m3 and higher than the non-heating season concentration of 4.77 ng/m3. The annual concentration was 10.6 ng/m3, which increased 5.83 ng/m3 due to heating season factors. The B[a]P annual concentration was 1.67 ng/m3 and higher than the limit of 1 ng/m3, which was 15.2 times that of non-heating season. Diesel vehicles and gasoline vehicles were the primary PAH8 sources during non-heating season, while the mixed sources of diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, and combustion were the dominant PAH8 sources during heating season. The most significant health hazard pollutant was B[a]P, which accounted for 72%, 74%, and 69% of the B[a]P equivalent concentration (B[a]Peq) of PAH8 during heating season, non-heating season, and throughout 2015, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk was 2.67 × 10-6, which increased 1.36 × 10-6 due to heating season factors. Therefore, heating season factors nearly doubled the annual concentration of PM2.5-bound ∑PAH8 and lifetime cancer risk. The results indicated that to protect human health, it is very important to control PM2.5-bound ∑PAH8 emissions during heating season, especially B[a]P emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Chang
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Jianing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Institute of Environmental Health, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, 100013 Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Yunpu Li
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
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21
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Barranger A, Langan LM, Sharma V, Rance GA, Aminot Y, Weston NJ, Akcha F, Moore MN, Arlt VM, Khlobystov AN, Readman JW, Jha AN. Antagonistic Interactions between Benzo[a]pyrene and Fullerene (C 60) in Toxicological Response of Marine Mussels. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E987. [PMID: 31288459 PMCID: PMC6669530 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of the interaction of fullerene (C60) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. The uptake of nC60, B[a]P and mixtures of nC60 and B[a]P into tissues was confirmed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Biomarkers of DNA damage as well as proteomics analysis were applied to unravel the interactive effect of B[a]P and C60. Antagonistic responses were observed at the genotoxic and proteomic level. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were only identified in the B[a]P single exposure and the B[a]P mixture exposure groups containing 1 mg/L of C60, the majority of which were downregulated (~52%). No DEPs were identified at any of the concentrations of nC60 (p < 0.05, 1% FDR). Using DEPs identified at a threshold of (p < 0.05; B[a]P and B[a]P mixture with nC60), gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that these proteins were enriched with a broad spectrum of biological processes and pathways, including those broadly associated with protein processing, cellular processes and environmental information processing. Among those significantly enriched pathways, the ribosome was consistently the top enriched term irrespective of treatment or concentration and plays an important role as the site of biological protein synthesis and translation. Our results demonstrate the complex multi-modal response to environmental stressors in M. galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Barranger
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Laura M Langan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Vikram Sharma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Graham A Rance
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yann Aminot
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Nicola J Weston
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, F-44311, CEDEX 03 Nantes, France
| | - Michael N Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3HD, UK
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, London SE1 9NH, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James W Readman
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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22
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Umeh AC, Duan L, Naidu R, Semple KT. Extremely small amounts of B[a]P residues remobilised in long-term contaminated soils: A strong case for greater focus on readily available and not total-extractable fractions in risk assessment. J Hazard Mater 2019; 368:72-80. [PMID: 30665110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of understanding about the potential for remobilisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) residues in soils, specifically after the removal of readily available fractions, and the likelihood to cause harm to human and environmental health. Sequential solvent extractions, using butanol (BuOH), dichloromethane/acetone, and methanolic saponification were used to investigate the time-dependent remobilisation of B[a]P residues in aged soils, after removal of readily available or total-extractable fractions. After 120 d of aging, BuOH-remobilised B[a]P were small or extremely small ranging from 2.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg to 4.5 ± 0.5 mg/kg and from 0.9 ± 0.0 mg/kg to 1.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg, after removal of readily available and total-extractable fractions, respectively. After removal of readily available fractions, the remobilisation rates of B[a]P residues were constant over 5 re-equilibration times, as shown by first-order kinetics. The amounts of B[a]P remobilised significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with aging, particularly in hard organic carbon-rich soils. After 4 years of aging, BuOH- and total-remobilised B[a]P were generally < 5% of the initially spiked 50 mg/kg. Based on the findings of this study, the potential or significant potential for B[a]P NERs in soils to cause significant harm to human and environmental health are minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Umeh
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Luchun Duan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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23
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Li Y, Du W, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Chen Z, Hou W, Xu S, Jiang L, Yu N. Effects of Complex Pollution of Pb and B[a]P on the Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Ryegrass. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:86-91. [PMID: 29860533 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effects of complex pollution of Pb and B[a]P on the growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of ryegrass were investigated in a potted soil. The results showed that under single Pb treatment condition, low-concentration (0-100 mg kg-1) Pb stimulated the increase of ryegrass biomass while high-concentration (200-400 mg kg-1) Pb obviously inhibited ryegrass growth. Under single B[a]P pollution condition, low-concentration (0-30 mg kg-1) B[a]P facilitated the growth of ryegrass while high-concentration (50-100 mg kg-1) B[a]P had toxic effect on ryegrass. Under joint impacts of Pb and B[a]P at low concentrations, biomass, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content as well as POD and CAT activities of ryegrass presented firstly rising and then descending trends, SOD accumulation increased slightly and MDA didn't experience obvious change. Under co-existence of Pb and B[a]P, Pb was the main toxic factor for ryegrass growth and it controlled the variation trend of whole growth cycle of ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Wenwen Du
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Sunan Xu
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Ning Yu
- The Experiment Center of Environmental Monitoring, 30A-3 Shuangyuan Road, Liaoning Province, Dongling District, Shenyang, 110031, China
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24
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Darwish WS, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama S, Mizukawa H, Thompson LA, Ishizuka M. β-carotene and retinol reduce benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenicity and oxidative stress via transcriptional modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in human HepG2 cell line. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:6320-6328. [PMID: 29247416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which is formed due to smoking of foods, incomplete combustion of woods, vehicle exhausts, and cigarettes smokes. B[a]P gets entry into human and animal bodies mainly through their diets. Metabolic activation of B[a]P is required to induce mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in animal and human studies. Carotenoids and retinoids are phytochemicals that if ingested have multiple physiological interferences in the human and animal bodies. In this study, we firstly investigated the protective effects of β-carotene, β-apo-8-carotenal, retinol, and retinoic acid against B[a]P-induced mutagenicity and oxidative stress in human HepG2 cells. Secondly, we tested the hypothesis of modulating xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) by carotenoids and retinoids as a possible mechanism of protection by these micronutrients against B[a]P adverse effects. The obtained results declared that β-carotene and retinol significantly reduced B[a]P-induced mutagenicity and oxidative stress. Tested carotenoids and retinoids reduced B[a]P-induced phase I XMEs and induced B[a]P reduced phase II and III XMEs. Thus, the protective effects of these micronutrients are probably due to their ability of induction of phase II and III enzymes and interference with the induction of phase I enzymes by the promutagen, B[a]P. It is highly recommended to consume foods rich in these micronutrients in the areas of high PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44510, Egypt
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Lesa A Thompson
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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Sforzini S, Moore MN, Oliveri C, Volta A, Jha A, Banni M, Viarengo A. Role of mTOR in autophagic and lysosomal reactions to environmental stressors in molluscs. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 195:114-128. [PMID: 29306034 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) has been used in various organisms as a very sensitive biomarker of stress. However, despite the abundance of data about regulation of the autophagic process in mammals, in the invertebrates there is only limited mechanistic understanding. Marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.) are bivalve molluscs, widely used as models in ecotoxicology and as environmental bioindicators of sea water quality. In order to elucidate this fundamental process, in the present study, mussels were exposed for 3 days to a "priority", ubiquitous environmental contaminant, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) at different concentrations (i.e. 5, 50, 100 μg/L seawater). B[a]P accumulated in lysosomes of digestive tubule epithelial cells (digestive cells) and in enlarged lipid-rich lysosomes (autolysosomes) as detected by immunofluorescence and UV-fluorescence. B[a]P also activated the autophagic process with a marked decrease of LMS and concurrent increase in lysosomal/cytoplasmic volume ratio. Dephosphorylation of mTOR contributes to increased lysosomal membrane permeability and induced autophagy. B[a]P induced a decrease in phosphorylated (active form) mTOR. The probable role of mTOR in cell signalling and the regulation of the cellular responses to the contaminants has been also confirmed in a field study, where there was significant inactivation of mTOR in stressed animals. Statistical and network modelling supported the empirical investigations of autophagy and mTOR; and was used to integrate the mechanistic biomarker data with chemical analysis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Sforzini
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael N Moore
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Anna Volta
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Awadhesh Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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Li R, Sun H, Wang S, Wang Y, Yu K. Retention of CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots (QDs) on the Root Epidermis of Woody Plant and Its Implications by Benzo[a]pyrene: Evidence from the in Situ Synchronous Nanosecond Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectra Method. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:814-821. [PMID: 29300478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The retention of CdS/ZnS QDs on the epidermis has been confirmed to be one of the core procedures during the root uptake process. However, the retention mechanisms of QDs on the epidermis of woody plant were poorly understood for lacking of an appropriate QD quantitative method. In this study, a novel method for in situ determination of CdS/ZnS QDs retained on the root epidermis was established using synchronous nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. No correlations between Kf values of oleylamine-CdS/ZnS QDs retained on the epidermal tissues and the surface/bulk composition of mangrove root were observed (p > 0.05) due to the existence of endocytosis mechanisms during the QD uptake processes. Moreover, the difference of the CdS/ZnS QDs in water and further translocated to xylem/phloem of root rather than the combination with cell wall/membranes was the predominant reason that caused the Kf values to follow the sequence of PEG-COOH-CdS/ZnS QDs < PEG-NH2-CdS/ZnS QDs ≪ oleylamine-CdS/ZnS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, P. R. China
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Langan LM, Arossa S, Owen SF, Jha AN. Assessing the impact of benzo[a]pyrene with the in vitro fish gut model: An integrated approach for eco-genotoxicological studies. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2017; 826:53-64. [PMID: 29412870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models are emerging tools for reducing reliance on traditional toxicity tests, especially in areas where information is sparse. For studies of fish, this is especially important for extrahepatic organs, such as the intestine, which, until recently, have been largely overlooked in favour of the liver or gill. Considering the importance of dietary uptake of contaminants, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine-derived cell line RTgutGC was cultured, to test its suitability as a high-throughput in vitro model. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an important contaminant and a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Over 48 h exposure, a range of endpoints and xenobiotic metabolism rates were examined at three different pH levels indicative of the in vitro (pH 7.5) and in vivo mid-gut (pH 7.7) and hind-gut (pH 7.4) regions as a function of time. These endpoints included (i) cell viability: acid phosphatase (APH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays; (ii) glucose uptake; (iii) cytochrome P450 enzyme activity: 7-ethoxyresoorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay; (iv) glutathione transferase (GST) activity; (v) genotoxic damage determined using the comet assay. Absence of cell viability loss, in parallel with decrease in the parent compound (B[a]P) in the medium and its subsequent increase in the cells suggested active sequestration, biotransformation, and removal of this representative PAH. With respect to genotoxic response, significant differences were observed at both the sampling times and the two highest concentrations of B[a]P. No significant differences were observed for the different pH conditions. Overall, this in vitro xenobiotic metabolism system appears to be a robust model, providing a basis for further development to evaluate metabolic and toxicological potential of contaminants without use of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Langan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Silvia Arossa
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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Cheng YW, Lin FCF, Chen CY, Hsu NY. Environmental exposure and HPV infection may act synergistically to induce lung tumorigenesis in nonsmokers. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19850-62. [PMID: 26918347 PMCID: PMC4991423 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of lung tumorigenesis have focused on smokers rather than nonsmokers. In this study, we used human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative lung cancer cells to test the hypothesis that HPV infection synergistically increases DNA damage induced by exposure to the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and contributes to lung tumorigenesis in nonsmokers. DNA adduct levels induced by B[a]P in HPV-positive cells were significantly higher than in HPV-negative cells. The DNA adduct formation was dependent on HPV E6 oncoprotein expression. Gene and protein expression of two DNA repair genes, XRCC3 and XRCC5, were lower in B[a]P-treated E6-positive cells than in E6-negative lung cancer cells. The reduced expression was also detected immunohistochemically and was caused by increased promoter hypermethylation. Moreover, mutations of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes in lung cancer patients were associated with XRCC5 inactivation. In sum, our study indicates that HPV E6-induced promoter hypermethylation of the XRCC3 and XRCC5 DNA repair genes and the resultant decrease in their expression increases B[a]P-induced DNA adducts and contributes to lung tumorigenesis in nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Frank Cheau-Feng Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu J, Zhang M, Huang Z, Sun S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Peng L, Ma A, Ji P, Dai J, Cui T, Liu H, Gao J. SIRT1 in B[a]P-induced lung tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:27113-29. [PMID: 26318035 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a carcinogen in cigarette smoke. We found that B[a]P induced SIRT1 in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cell. SIRT1 was overexpressed in the lung of B[a]P-exposed mice and in human lung cancer biopsies. SIRT1 up-regulated TNF-α and β-catenin and down-regulated the membrane fraction of E-cadherin. In addition, SIRT1 promoted invasion, migration and tumorigenesis of BEAS-2B cells in nude mice upon B[a]P exposure. Thus, SIRT1 is involved in B[a]P-induced transformation associated with activation of the TNF-α/β-catenin axis and is as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Tian M, Zhao B, Zhang J, Martin FL, Huang Q, Liu L, Shen H. Association of environmental benzo[a]pyrene exposure and DNA methylation alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: A Chinese case-control study. Sci Total Environ 2016; 541:1243-1252. [PMID: 26476064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies implicate environmental risk factors and epigenetic alterations in the multistage process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, associations between environmental factors and DNA methylation of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) in HCC development remain ambiguous. Understanding how possible interactions influence risk may provide insights into the complexity of hepato-carcinogenesis. For this study, blood samples were collected from HCC patients (n=90) and healthy volunteers (n=99) from Xiamen (China) and data for selected environmental risk factors [e.g., benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV) infection, smoking and alcohol consumption] were recorded; factors identified as significantly higher (P<0.05) amongst case subjects compared to controls were identified. In order to assess associations for epigenetic alterations and HCC risk factors, serum DNA methylation of TSGs was quantified using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Our results clearly indicate elevated methylation patterns for detoxification gene [glutathione-S-transferase Pi (GSTP)] promoter regions in cases compared to control subjects. Additionally, GSTP promoter hypermethylation and B[a]P diol epoxide-albumin (BPDE-Alb) were positively correlated with HCC incidence. Our epidemiological and in vitro cell model studies indicated that GSTP promoter DNA methylation regulates this gene's expression. Moreover, GSTP also plays an important role in B[a]P detoxification and potential protective role against B[a]P-induced liver cell toxicity and hepato-carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Tian
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Benhua Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Francis L Martin
- Centre for Biophotonics, LEC, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Duan L, Naidu R, Liu Y, Palanisami T, Dong Z, Mallavarapu M, Semple KT. Effect of ageing on benzo[a]pyrene extractability in contrasting soils. J Hazard Mater 2015; 296:175-184. [PMID: 25917695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) extractability over 160 days ageing in four contrasting soils varying in organic matter content and clay mineralogy were investigated using dichloromethane: acetone 1:1 (DCM/Ace), 60 mM hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) solution, 1-butanol (BuOH) and Milli-Q water. The B[a]P extractability by the four methods decreased with ageing and a first-order exponential model could be used to describe the kinetics of release. Correlation of the kinetic rate constant with major soil properties showed a significant effect of clay and sand contents and pore volume fraction (<6 nm) on sequestration of the desorbable fraction (by HPCD) and the water-extractable fraction. Analysis of (14)C-B[a]P in soils after ageing showed a limited loss of B[a]P via degradation. Fractionation of B[a]P pools associated with the soil matrix was analysed according to extractability of B[a]P by the different extraction methods. A summary of the different fractions is proposed for the illustration of the effect of ageing on different B[a]P-bound fractions in soils. This study provides a better understanding of the B[a]P ageing process associated with different fractions and also emphasises the extraction capacity of the different methods employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchun Duan
- CERAR-Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- CERAR-Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Yanju Liu
- CERAR-Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Thavamani Palanisami
- CERAR-Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- CERAR-Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Megharaj Mallavarapu
- CERAR-Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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Choi MS, Kwon SR, Choi SH, Kwon HC. Effect of TBT and PAHs on CYP1A, AhR and Vitellogenin Gene Expression in the Japanese Eel, Anguilla japonica. Dev Reprod 2015; 16:289-94. [PMID: 25949102 PMCID: PMC4282236 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2012.16.4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene expressions of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and vitellogenin (Vg) by endocrine disruptors, benzo[α]pyrene (B[a]P) and tributyltin (TBT) were examined in cultured eel hepatocytes which were isolated from eels treated previously with B[a]P (10 mg/kg) or estradiol-17β (20 mg/kg) in vivo, and the relationship between CYP1A, AhR and Vg genes were studied. When the cultured eel hepatocytes were treated with B[a]P (10-6-10-5 M) the gene expressions of CYP1A and AhR were enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. However, when treated with TBT (10-9-10-5 M) the gene expressions of CYP1A and AhR were suppressed at high concentrations (10-6-10-5 M), while having no effects at low concentrations (10-9-10-7 M). Gene expression of Vg was also suppressed by TBT in a concentration-dependent manner in cultured eel hepatocytes which was previously treated in vivo with estradiol-17β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seop Choi
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan 336-708, Korea
| | - Se Ryun Kwon
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan 336-708, Korea
| | - Seong Hee Choi
- Dept. of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Asan 336-708, Korea
| | - Hyuk Chu Kwon
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan 336-708, Korea
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Sánchez-Martín FJ, Fan Y, Carreira V, Ovesen JL, Vonhandorf A, Xia Y, Puga A. Long-term Coexposure to Hexavalent Chromium and B[a]P Causes Tissue-Specific Differential Biological Effects in Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:52-64. [PMID: 25820237 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex mixtures of environmental agents often cause mixture-specific health effects that cannot be accounted for by a single mechanism. To study the biological effects of exposure to a mixture of chromium-VI and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), often found together in the environment, we exposed mice for 60 days to 0, 55, 550, or 5500 ppb Cr(VI) in drinking water followed by 90 days of coexposure to B[a]P at 0, 1.25, 12.5, or 125 mg/kg/day and examined liver and gastrointestinal (GI) tract for exposure effects. In the liver, the mixture caused more significant histopathology than expected from the sum of effects of the individual components, while in the GI tract, Cr(VI) alone caused significant enterocyte hypertrophy and increases in cell proliferation and DNA damage that were also observed in mice coexposed to B[a]P. Expression of genes involved in drug metabolism, tumor suppression, oxidative stress, and inflammation was altered in mixed exposures relative to control and to singly exposed mice. Drug metabolism and oxidative stress genes were upregulated and tumor suppressor and inflammation genes downregulated in the proximal GI tract, whereas most markers were upregulated in the distal GI tract and downregulated in the liver. Oral exposure to Cr(VI) and B[a]P mixtures appears to have tissue-specific differential consequences in liver and GI tract that cannot be predicted from the effects of each individual toxicant. Tissue specificity may be particularly critical in cases of extended exposure to mixtures of these agents, as may happen in the occupational setting or in areas where drinking water contains elevated levels of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Vinicius Carreira
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Jerald L Ovesen
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Andrew Vonhandorf
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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Enander RT. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: an analysis of screening values, guidelines, and standards in the Northeast. Risk Anal 2014; 34:2035-2052. [PMID: 25040944 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Risk-based, background, and laboratory quantitation limit-derived standards for carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) in residential and nonresidential soils vary across the northeast region of the United States. The magnitude and extent of this variation, however, have not been systematically studied. This article examines the technical basis and methodology used by eight northeastern states in the development of risk-based screening values, guidelines, and standards for cPAHs in soils. Exposure pathways, human receptors, algorithms, and input variables used by each state in the calculation of acceptable human health risks are identified and reviewed within the context of environmental policy and regulatory impacts. Emphasis is placed on a comparative analysis of multipathway exposures (incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and particulate inhalation) and key science-policy decisions that have led to the promulgation and adoption of different exposure criteria for cPAHs in the Northeast. More than 425 data points and 20 distinct exposure factors across eight state programs, 18 age subgroups, six activity scenarios, and three exposure pathways were systematically evaluated. Risk-based values for one state varied either above or below risk-based, background or laboratory quantitation limit-derived standards of another state for the same cPAH and receptor. Standards for cPAHs in soils were found to differ significantly across the northeast region--in some cases, by one or two orders of magnitude. While interstate differences can be expected to persist, future changes in federal guidance could mean a shift in risk drivers, compliance status, or calculated cumulative risks for individual properties impacted by PAH releases.
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Tian S, Pan L, Zhang H. Identification of a CYP3A-like gene and CYPs mRNA expression modulation following exposure to benzo[a]pyrene in the bivalve mollusk Chlamys farreri. Mar Environ Res 2014; 94:7-15. [PMID: 24296241 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated a CYP3A-like gene from ovary of the scallop (Chlamys farreri). High levels of CYP3A-like gene expression occur in the digestive gland and gonad, which suggested their role in the metabolism of steroids and xenobiotics. Scallops were exposed to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 10 days. The CYP4 and CYP3A-like gene can be up-regulated by B[a]P in a dose-dependent manner after 10 days exposure. But no induction of the CYP3A-like was observed in 10 μg/L B[a]P group. The CYP1A-like expression can only be induced by 0.025 μg/L B[a]P. 0.5 and 10 μg/L B[a]P caused significant DNA damage and 10 μg/L B[a]P can also lead to oxidative damage. These results demonstrate that the mollusk CYPs can be modulated by environmental pollutant, and the blocked induction of CYP3A-like and CYP1A-like expression probably results from the high genotoxicity and oxidative damage partly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Choi H, Spengler J. Source attribution of personal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture using concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor measurements. Environ Int 2014; 63:173-81. [PMID: 24316321 PMCID: PMC3908783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Relative importance of multiple indoor and outdoor venues on personal exposure concentrations to pro-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) remains poorly understood. This is particularly challenging because many c-PAHs share sources and occur as a complex mixture. Accurate and precise apportionment of personal exposure according to exposure venues could aid in the understanding of human health effects due to a given source. Here, we partitioned indoor and personal exposure concentrations to seven c-PAHs and pyrene according to the indoor- and outdoor-origins. METHODS A simultaneous, integrated monitoring of personal, indoor and outdoor concentrations of nine PAHs was conducted in 75 homes for a consecutive 48-hour period across a two-year period in Kraków, Poland. Due to few known indoor sources for chrysene, we used this PAH species as a tracer for infiltration of outdoor PAHs. Personal and indoor concentrations of seven c-PAHs and pyrene were apportioned to home indoor, non-home indoor and outdoor origins. RESULTS Using Chrysenein/Chryseneout as proxy for an infiltration factor, Finf, infiltrated PAHs of outdoor origin are overall higher in concentration than those emitted from the indoor origin. Average contribution by the outdoor sources on B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were 92%, 79%, and 78% across all seasons, respectively. In contrast, in homes where a household member smoked, average contributions by the outdoor sources on B[ghi]P, B[a]P, D[ah]A, and IP were lower (i.e., 67%, 65%, 67%, and 66%, respectively). Season-averaged contributions by the outdoor sources on personal exposure to B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were 92%, 74%, and 77%, respectively. On the other hand, season-averaged home indoor source contributions on personal exposure to B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were estimated at 6%, 15%, and 19%, respectively. Similar contributions by season-averaged home indoor sources on personal exposure were estimated at 28% for B[ghi]P, 31% for B[a]P, 25% for D[ah]A, and 28% for IP. CONCLUSION Of the seven c-PAHs, B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F are enriched in indoor and personal exposure concentrations from the outdoor coal-combustion. B[ghi]P, B[a]P, D[a,h]A, and IP, PAHs with some of the highest carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies, are considerably enriched by cigarette smoke in addition to the outdoor sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunok Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, SUNY at Albany, School of Public Health, One University Place, Room 153, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
| | - John Spengler
- Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center 4th Floor West, Room 406A, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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Dendelé B, Tekpli X, Hardonnière K, Holme JA, Debure L, Catheline D, Arlt VM, Nagy E, Phillips DH, Ovrebø S, Mollerup S, Poët M, Chevanne M, Rioux V, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Protective action of n-3 fatty acids on benzo[a]pyrene-induced apoptosis through the plasma membrane remodeling-dependent NHE1 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 207:41-51. [PMID: 24246761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane is an early target of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). We previously showed that the PAH prototype, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), triggers apoptosis via DNA damage-induced p53 activation (genotoxic pathway) and via remodeling of the membrane cholesterol-rich microdomains called lipid rafts, leading to changes in pH homeostasis (non-genotoxic pathway). As omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids can affect membrane composition and function or hamper in vivo PAH genotoxicity, we hypothesized that addition of physiologically relevant levels of polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (PUFAs) might interfere with B[a]P-induced toxicity. The effects of two major PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were tested on B[a]P cytotoxicity in the liver epithelial cell line F258. Both PUFAs reduced B[a]P-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, pre-treatment with DHA increased the formation of reactive B[a]P metabolites, resulting in higher levels of B[a]P-DNA adducts. EPA had no apparent effect on B[a]P metabolism or related DNA damage. EPA and DHA prevented B[a]P-induced apoptotic alkalinization by affecting Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 activity. Thus, the inhibitory effects of omega-3 fatty acids on B[a]P-induced apoptosis involve a non-genotoxic pathway associated with plasma membrane remodeling. Our results suggest that dietary omega-3 fatty acids may have marked effects on the biological consequences of PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Dendelé
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | | | - Kévin Hardonnière
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laure Debure
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, INRA, Agrocampus Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment & Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment & Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment & Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steinar Ovrebø
- Section for Toxicology, Department of Biological and Chemical Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Steen Mollerup
- Section for Toxicology, Department of Biological and Chemical Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mallory Poët
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 6097, Faculté des Sciences, Nice, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, INRA, Agrocampus Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France.
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Calonne M, Fontaine J, Debiane D, Laruelle F, Grandmougin-Ferjani A, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A. The arbuscular mycorrhizal Rhizophagus irregularis activates storage lipid biosynthesis to cope with the benzo[a]pyrene oxidative stress. Phytochemistry 2014; 97:30-7. [PMID: 24246754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The phytoremediation assisted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could constitute an ecological and economic method to restore polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) polluted soils. Unfortunately, little is known about the PAH impact on the beneficial symbiotic AMF. Using radiolabelling experiments, our work aims to understand how benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a representative of high molecular weight PAH, acts on the AMF lipid metabolism. Our results showed decreases in the sterol precursors as well as in total phospholipid quantities, in link with the [1-(14)C]acetate incorporation decreases in these lipids. Interestingly, a concomitant increase of [1-(14)C]acetate incorporation by 29.5% into phosphatidylcholine with its content decrease in Rhizophagus irregularis extraradical mycelium was observed, suggesting a membrane regeneration. A second concomitant increase (estimated to 69%) of [1-(14)C]acetate incorporation into triacylglycerols (TAG) with the content decrease was also observed. This suggests a fungal TAG biosynthesis activation probably to offset the decrease in storage lipid content when the fungus was grown under B[a]P pollution. In addition, our findings showed that lipase activity was induced by more than 3 fold in the presence of B[a]P in comparison to the control indicating that the drop in TAG content could be a consequence of their active degradation. Taken together, our data suggest the involvement of the fungal TAG metabolism to cope B[a]P toxicity through two means: (i) by providing carbon skeletons and energy necessary for membrane regeneration and/or for B[a]P translocation and degradation as well as (ii) by activating the phosphatidic acid and hexose metabolisms which may be involved in cellular stress defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Calonne
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Joël Fontaine
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Djouher Debiane
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Frédéric Laruelle
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Anne Grandmougin-Ferjani
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), 50, rue Ferdinand Buisson, F-62228 Calais, France.
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Ovesen JL, Fan Y, Chen J, Medvedovic M, Xia Y, Puga A. Long-term exposure to low-concentrations of Cr(VI) induce DNA damage and disrupt the transcriptional response to benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicology 2014; 316:14-24. [PMID: 24374135 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are exposed on a daily basis to widespread mixtures of toxic compounds. Mixtures pose a major problem in the assessment of health effects because they often generate substance-specific effects that cannot be attributed to a single mechanism. Two compounds often found together in the environment are the heavy metal chromium and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). We have examined how long-term exposure to a low concentration of Cr(VI) affects the transcriptional response to B[a]P, a second toxicant with an unrelated mechanism of action. Growth of mouse hepatoma cells for 20 passages in medium with 0.1 or 0.5 μM Cr(VI) increases DNA damage and apoptosis while decreasing clonogenic ability. Treated cells also show transcriptome changes indicative of increased expression of DNA damage response and repair genes. In them, B[a]P activates cancer progression pathways, unlike in cells never exposed to Cr(VI), where B[a]P activates mostly xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Cells grown in Cr(VI) for 20 passages and then cultured for an additional 5 passages in the absence of Cr(VI) recover from some but not all the chromium effects. They show B[a]P-dependent transcriptome changes strongly weighted toward xenobiotic metabolism, similar to those in B[a]P-treated cells that had no previous Cr(VI) exposure, but retain a high level of Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage and silence the expression of DNA damage and cancer progression genes. We conclude that the combined effect of these two toxicants appears to be neither synergistic nor additive, generating a toxic/adaptive condition that cannot be predicted from the effect of each toxicant alone.
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Nakano M, Suzuki H, Imamura T, Lau A, Lynch B. Genotoxicity of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) disodium salt (BioPQQ™). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 67:189-97. [PMID: 23891671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic potential of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) disodium salt (BioPQQ™) was evaluated in a battery of genotoxicity tests. The results of the bacterial mutation assay (Ames test) were negative. Weak positive results were obtained in 2 separate in vitro chromosomal aberration test in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblasts. Upon testing in an in vitro chromosomal aberration test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, no genotoxic activity of PQQ was noted. In the in vivo micronucleus assay in mice, PQQ at doses up to 2,000 mg/kg body weight demonstrated that no genotoxic effects are expressed in vivo in bone marrow erythrocytes. The weak responses in the in vitro test CHL cells were considered of little relevance under conditions of likely human exposure. PQQ disodium was concluded to have no genotoxic activity in vivo.
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Schellenberger MT, Grova N, Farinelle S, Willième S, Schroeder H, Muller CP. Modulation of benzo[a]pyrene induced neurotoxicity in female mice actively immunized with a B[a]P-diphtheria toxoid conjugate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:175-83. [PMID: 23684556 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a small molecular weight carcinogen and the prototype of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). While these compounds are primarily known for their carcinogenicity, B[a]P and its metabolites are also neurotoxic for mammalian species. To develop a prophylactic immune strategy against detrimental effects of B[a]P, female Balb/c mice immunized with a B[a]P-diphtheria toxoid (B[a]P-DT) conjugate vaccine were sub-acutely exposed to 2mg/kg B[a]P and behavioral performances were monitored in tests related to learning and memory, anxiety and motor coordination. mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor (NR1, 2A and 2B subunits) involved in the above behavioral functions was measured in 5 brain regions. B[a]P induced NMDA1 expression in three (hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum) of five brain regions investigated, and modulated NMDA2 in two of the five brain regions (frontal cortex and cerebellum). Each one of these B[a]P-effects was reversed in mice that were immunized against this PAH, with measurable consequences on behavior such as anxiety, short term learning and memory. Thus active immunization against B[a]P with a B[a]P-DT conjugate vaccine had a protective effect and attenuated the pharmacological and neurotoxic effects even of high concentrations of B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario T Schellenberger
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé/Laboratoire National de Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1950 Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
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