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Sicotte B, Brochu M. Fetal Sex and Fetal Environment Interact to Alter Diameter, Myogenic Tone, and Contractile Response to Thromboxane Analog in Rat Umbilical Cord Vessels. Front Physiol 2021; 12:620058. [PMID: 34603067 PMCID: PMC8481594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.620058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth needs adequate blood perfusion from both sides of the placenta, on the maternal side through the uterine vessels and on the fetal side through the umbilical cord. In a model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by reduced blood volume expansion, uterine artery remodeling was blunted. The aim of this study is to determine if IUGR and fetus sex alter the functional and mechanical parameters of umbilical cord blood vessels. Pregnant rats were given a low sodium (IUGR) or a control diet for the last 7 days of pregnancy. Umbilical arteries and veins from term (22 day) fetal rats were isolated and set-up in wire myographs. Myogenic tone, diameter, length tension curve and contractile response to thromboxane analog U46619 and serotonin (5-HT) were measured. In arteries from IUGR fetuses, myogenic tone was increased in both sexes while diameter was significantly greater only in male fetuses. In umbilical arteries collected from the control group, the maximal contraction to U46619 was lower in females than males. Compared to the control groups, the maximal response decreased in IUGR male arteries and increased in female ones, thus abolishing the sexual dimorphism observed in the control groups. Reduced contractile response to U46619 was observed in the IUGR vein of both sexes. No difference between groups was observed in response to 5HT in arteries. In conclusion, the change in parameters of the umbilical cord blood vessels in response to a mild insult seems to show adaptation that favors better exchange of deoxygenated and wasted blood from the fetus to the placenta with increased myogenic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Sicotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Brochu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Balzano F, Bellu E, Basoli V, Dei Giudici S, Santaniello S, Cruciani S, Facchin F, Oggiano A, Capobianco G, Dessole F, Ventura C, Dessole S, Maioli M. Lessons from human umbilical cord: gender differences in stem cells from Wharton's jelly. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 234:143-148. [PMID: 30690190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the molecular features of mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton Jelly (WJ-MSCs) of umbilical cord to predict their differentiation capacity. DESIGN Comparison of gene expression from mesenchymal stem cells of male and female umbilical cord SETTING: University hospital PATIENT (S): umbilical cords (n = 12, 6 males and 6 females) retrieved from spontaneous full-term vaginal delivery of healthy women INTERVENTION: we analyzed the expression of the stemness related genes C-MYC, OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG and of the epigenetic modulating gene DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). MEAN OUTCOME MEASURE WJ-MSCs were isolated by standard procedures and immunophenotypically characterized. Gene expression analysis of stemness related genes and the epigenetic modulating gene DNMT1 were performed by real-time PCR RESULTS: expression of the OCT4 and DNMT1 genes was significantly higher in WJ- MSCs isolated from male subjects, as compared to MSCs isolated from female-derived WJ. The resulting higher expression of OCT4 and DNMT1 in WJ-MSCs from males as compared with female WJ-MSCs for the first time identifies a specific relationship between stemness genes, an epigenetic modulator, and gender differences. CONCLUSION our findings disclose novel biomedical implications in WJ-MSCs related to the sex of the donor, thus providing additional cues to exploit their regenerative potential in allogenic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Balzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Bellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Valentina Basoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Sara Santaniello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Dessole
- Department of Medical, Surgical and experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Italy.
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Dessole
- Department of Medical, Surgical and experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Italy.
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming- CEDEBIOR, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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Afroze KH, Prabha SL, Chandrakala V, Deepak M. Sonographic Estimation of Umbilical Cord Cross-section Area and its Reference Value in Normal Pregnancy. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:AC04-AC06. [PMID: 28969104 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/30251.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The routine antenatal sonographic investigations of the umbilical cord are limited for assessment of number of umbilical vessels and doppler evaluation of umbilical blood flow. With the advancements of the sonographic techniques it is now possible to have more detailed evaluation of umbilical cord. There exist only few literatures on assessment of umbilical cord cross-sectional area during pregnancy to provide a baseline reference value. AIM To establish the reference intervals of cross-sectional area of the umbilical cord during gestation and to find the correlation of umbilical cord cross-sectional area with the foetal anthropometric measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted among 214 normal pregnant women who underwent a routine antenatal sonogram during gestational age ranging from 24-39 weeks in the Department of Radiodiagnosis. The umbilical cord cross-sectional area was calculated at a plane immediately close to the umbilical cord insertion to the foetal abdomen. The following foetal parameters were studied: Biparietal Diameters (BPD), Head Circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Femur Length (FL), and Estimated Foetal weight (EFW). The relationship between foetal anthropometric measurements and umbilical cord cross sectional area was assessed using spearman rank correlation. The 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th and 95th percentiles of umbilical cord cross-sectional area were calculated for each gestational groups using polynomial regression analysis. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation was observed between cross-sectional area of umbilical cord with both gestational age and foetal anthropometric parameters. The mean age of study population was 25.08±3.5 years and the mean gestational age was 34.42±2.5 weeks. We observed a strong correlation between head circumference and umbilical cord cross-sectional area. CONCLUSION The mean umbilical cord cross-section area increases steadily with gestational age for up to 34 weeks and then it declines. Umbilical cord cross-sectional area can be easily measured and hence it can be included in routine antenatal sonographic evaluations to predict the perinatal outcome. Careful monitoring of the pregnancy is needed in case of abnormal cross-sectional area measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khizer Hussain Afroze
- Research Scholar, Department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhash Lakshmi Prabha
- Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Chandrakala
- Consultant Radiologist, Raaghu Scanning Centre and Diagnostic Centre, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Deepak
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
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Barbieri C, Cecatti JG, Surita FG, Costa ML, Marussi EF, Costa JV. Area of Wharton's jelly as an estimate of the thickness of the umbilical cord and its relationship with estimated fetal weight. Reprod Health 2011; 8:32. [PMID: 22054163 PMCID: PMC3219549 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4755-8-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To build a reference curve for the area of Wharton's jelly (WJ) in low-risk pregnancies from 13 to 40 weeks and to assess its relationship with estimated fetal weight (EFW). METHODS 2,189 low-risk pregnancies had the area of WJ estimated by ultrasound and the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles calculated using a third-degree polynomial regression procedure. EFW by ultrasound was correlated with the measurement of the area of WJ. RESULTS The area of WJ increased according to gestational age (R² = 0.64), stabilizing from the 32nd week onwards. There was a significant linear correlation between area of WJ and EFW up to 26 weeks (R = 0.782) and after that 5t remained practically constant (R = 0.047). CONCLUSION The area of WJ increases according to gestational age, with a trend to stabilize at around 32 weeks of gestation. It is also linearly correlated with EFW only up to 26 weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Barbieri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose G Cecatti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Surita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L Costa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilio F Marussi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose V Costa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Togni FA, Araujo Júnior E, Moron AF, Vasques FAP, Torloni MR, Nardozza LMM, Guimarães Filho HA. Reference intervals for the cross sectional area of the umbilical cord during gestation. J Perinat Med 2007; 35:130-4. [PMID: 17302517 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2007.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish reference values for the sonographic cross-sectional area of the umbilical cord during gestation and to correlate them with fetal anthropometric parameters. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed involving 312 normal pregnant women at gestational ages 24-39 weeks. Measurement of the cross-sectional area of umbilical cord was performed on a plane adjacent to the insertion of the cord into fetal abdomen. The following anthropometric parameters were calculated: biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length. A polynomial regression analysis identified the curves that were better adjusted to the average and standard deviation according to gestational age. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the correlation of the cross-sectional area of umbilical cord with fetal anthropometric parameters. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation was observed between the cord cross-sectional area and gestational age (r=0.376, P<0.001, CI 95%[0.276; 0.467]). CONCLUSIONS The reference values of the cross-sectional area of umbilical cord increased according to gestational age until the 33rd week and are related to parameters of fetal growth.
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Togni FA, Araujo Júnior E, Vasques FAP, Moron AF, Torloni MR, Nardozza LMM. The cross-sectional area of umbilical cord components in normal pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 96:156-61. [PMID: 17280668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the normal cross-sectional areas of the umbilical vein, umbilical artery, and Wharton jelly in healthy pregnancies, and correlate the obtained values with fetal anthropometric parameters. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed with 312 women between the 24th and 39th weeks of a normal pregnancy. The cross-sectional areas of umbilical cord vessels were measured at the junction of the cord and fetal abdomen, and the values were subtracted from the total cord cross-sectional area to assess the cross-sectional area of the Wharton jelly. The anthropometric parameters analyzed were biparietal diameter, head circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight, and the Spearman correlation was used to assess the correlation between the cross-sectional areas of umbilical cord components and fetal anthropometric parameters. A polynomial regression analysis was performed to identify the curves that best adjusted to mean and standard deviation according to gestational age. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation was observed between the cross-sectional areas of cord components and fetal anthropometric parameters (P<0.001) as well as gestational age (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Reference measurements of the cross-sectional areas of umbilical cord components are important tools in the assessment of fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Togni
- Obstetrics Department of Sao Paulo's Federal University (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
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