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Osman AM, Hassan-Kadle AA, André MR, Collere FCM, Córdova ASA, Montiani-Ferreira F, Vieira TSWJ, Ibrahim AM, Yusuf AA, Machado RZ, Vieira RFC. Ehrlichia Species in Dromedary Camels ( Camelus dromedarius) and Ruminants from Somalia. Pathogens 2025; 14:65. [PMID: 39861026 PMCID: PMC11768246 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichioses, caused by Ehrlichia species, are tick-borne diseases (TBDs) that affect animals and humans worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the molecular occurrence of Ehrlichia spp. in 530 animals (155 Dromedary camels, 199 goats, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in the Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions of Somalia. Blood DNA samples were tested for PCR targeting dsb and sodB genes of Ehrlichia spp. and PCS20 and map1 genes of E. ruminantium. The obtained sequences were submitted for phylogenetic analyses. Ehrlichia spp. were detected in 26.4% (140/530) of animals by dsb-PCR, with the highest prevalence in dromedary camels (54.8%), followed by cattle (29.8%), goats (7.0%), and sheep (4.4%). Dromedary camels, cattle, and goats had significantly higher infection odds compared to sheep (p < 0.05). Among dsb-PCR-positive samples, 76.9% (30/39) of cattle tested sodB-positive, while other species were negative. E. ruminantium was detected in 13.7% (18/131) of cattle by pCS20-PCR, but none were positive for the map1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed E. minasensis in camels, sheep, and goats and E. ruminantium in cattle, marking the first molecular evidence of E. minasensis in dromedary camels, sheep, and goats globally, and E. ruminantium in cattle from Somalia. These findings emphasize the need for further research on its economic and public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir M. Osman
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil; (F.C.M.C.); (F.M.-F.)
- Somali One Health Centre, Abrar University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 25, Somalia; (A.A.H.-K.); (A.M.I.)
- Department of Animal Health and Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock, Forestry, and Range, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Ahmed A. Hassan-Kadle
- Somali One Health Centre, Abrar University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 25, Somalia; (A.A.H.-K.); (A.M.I.)
- Abrar Research and Training Centre, Abrar University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 25, Somalia;
| | - Marcos R. André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal CEP 14884-900, Brazil; (M.R.A.); (A.S.A.C.)
| | - Flávia C. M. Collere
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil; (F.C.M.C.); (F.M.-F.)
| | - Amir Salvador Alabí Córdova
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal CEP 14884-900, Brazil; (M.R.A.); (A.S.A.C.)
| | - Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil; (F.C.M.C.); (F.M.-F.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
| | | | - Abdalla M. Ibrahim
- Somali One Health Centre, Abrar University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 25, Somalia; (A.A.H.-K.); (A.M.I.)
- Abrar Research and Training Centre, Abrar University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 25, Somalia;
| | - Abdulkarim A. Yusuf
- Abrar Research and Training Centre, Abrar University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 25, Somalia;
- Department of Slaughterhouses, Somali Meat Company, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Rosangela Z. Machado
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal CEP 14884-900, Brazil; (M.R.A.); (A.S.A.C.)
| | - Rafael F. C. Vieira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil; (F.C.M.C.); (F.M.-F.)
- Center for Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks (CIPHER), The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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Cardillo L, de Martinis C, Sgroi G, Pucciarelli A, Picazio G, Viscardi M, Marati L, Ottaiano M, Pellicanò R, D’Alessio N, Veneziano V, Fusco G. Evaluation of Risk Factors Influencing Tick-Borne Infections in Livestock Through Molecular Analyses. Microorganisms 2025; 13:139. [PMID: 39858907 PMCID: PMC11767430 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Climate changes and human-related activities are identified as major factors responsible for the increasing distribution and abundance of vectors worldwide and, consequently, of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Farmed animals, during grazing or in establishments with the absence of biosecurity measures, can easily be exposed to wildlife showing high-risk of contagion of several infectious diseases, including VBDs. Furthermore, livestock represents an interface between wildlife and humans, and thus, promoting the transmission pathway of VBDs. Little is known about the presence and prevalence of VBDs in livestock in Southern Italy; therefore, the present study evaluated the circulation of zoonotic VBDs in livestock and potential risk of exposure. A total of 621 whole blood samples belonging to cattle and buffaloes (n = 345) and small ruminants (n = 276) were examined by molecular examinations for the detection of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs). High prevalence (66.3%) for at least one agent was observed. Moreover, the risk of exposure related to environmental features was assessed, as follows: presence of humid areas, high-density of animals, and sample collection during May. These results show a high circulation of TBPs among livestock and underline the need for surveillance in high-risk habitats for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cardillo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Claudio de Martinis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Alessia Pucciarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Gerardo Picazio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Maurizio Viscardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Luisa Marati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Maria Ottaiano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Regional Observatory (OREB), 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.O.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberta Pellicanò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Regional Observatory (OREB), 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.O.); (R.P.)
| | - Nicola D’Alessio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Veneziano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.C.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (N.D.); (G.F.)
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Alessiani A, Di Domenico M, Averaimo D, Pompilii C, Rulli M, Cocco A, Lomellini L, Coccaro A, Cantelmi MC, Merola C, Tieri EE, Romeo G, Secondini B, Marfoglia C, Di Teodoro G, Petrini A. Coxiella burnetii: A Brief Summary of the Last Five Years of Its Presence in the Abruzzo and Molise Regions in Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2248. [PMID: 39123774 PMCID: PMC11310968 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever. The main reservoirs for this bacterium, which can lead to human infection, in our region are typically cattle, goats, and sheep. In animals, C. burnetii infection is often detected due to reproductive problems. European Member States are required to report confirmed cases annually, but the lack of uniform reporting methods makes the data rather inconsistent. The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise is involved in official controls to identify the causes of abortions, monitor suspected or positive herds, evaluate suspected infections in pets and humans, monitor the spread in wildlife, etc. In this paper, we summarize the presence of C. burnetii over the last five years (2019-2023). Additionally, a detailed overview of C. burnetii infection in wild and domestic animals is provided. Five hundred sixty animals-including cattle; goats; sheep; wild animals, such as deer, boars, wolves, roe deer, owls, and otters; buffalo; dogs; horses; cats; and a donkey-and six human samples were tested by real-time PCR on the transposase gene IS1111 to detect C. burnetii. The MST profile was identified in some of the samples. Outbreaks of C. burnetii occurred in four herds. In one of them, it was possible to follow the outbreak from inception to eradication by evaluating the effect of vaccination on real-time PCR Ct values. A total of 116 animals tested positive for C. burnetii, including 73 goats, 42 sheep, and one bovine. None of the other samples tested positive. The strains for which the ST was performed were identified as ST79, a strain that has been present in the area for more than ten years. The effect of vaccination on the reduction of positive samples and the variation of real-time PCR Ct values was evaluated in strict correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Alessiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Averaimo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Cinzia Pompilii
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco Rulli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Cocco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Lomellini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Coccaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Chiara Cantelmi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Elga Ersilia Tieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Romeo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Barbara Secondini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristina Marfoglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Di Teodoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (D.A.); (C.P.); (M.R.); (A.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.); (E.E.T.); (G.R.); (B.S.); (C.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.P.)
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Van Wyk CL, Mtshali S, Ramatla T, Lekota KE, Xuan X, Thekisoe O. Distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Heamaphysalis elliptica dog ticks and pathogens they are carrying: A systematic review. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 47:100969. [PMID: 38199685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The role of ixodid ticks especially Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Heamaphysalis elliptica in the epidemiology of several diseases of veterinary and public health importance have been documented. This study conducted a systematic review focusing on the distribution of R. sanguineus and H. elliptica, as well as the common tick-borne pathogens they harbour. The Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to search for English journal articles published between January 1990 and June 2021. The articles were assessed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO [(ID no: CRD42022327372). Of the studies included in the systematic review, 247 and 19 articles had identified R. sanguineus and H. elliptica respectively, whereas 15 articles had identified both tick species. There is a reported worldwide distribution of R. sanguineus from 64 countries, whereas H. elliptica was only reported in the African continent from 6 countries. In total, 120 articles that were included in this systematic review reported detection of tick-borne pathogens from R. sanguineus (n = 118 articles) and/or H. elliptica (n = 2 articles) ticks. According to the studies tick-borne pathogens harboured by R. sanguineus included protozoa such as Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Leishmania spp., and Theileria spp., as well as bacteria such as Acinetobacter spp. Anaplasma spp., Bacillus spp., Borrelia spp., Brucella spp., Coxiella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. The H. elliptica was reported to be harbouring Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Rickettsia spp. Most of the studies (50%) used the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the detection of tick-borne pathogens, followed by real-time PCR (qPCR) (n = 26), and nested PCR (n = 22). This systematic review has shed light on the distribution of two common dog ticks as well as the tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and zoonotic importance they are harbouring. This data will enable surveillance studies that can report whether the distribution of these ticks and their associated tick-borne pathogens is expanding or shrinking or is stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara-Lee Van Wyk
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Senzo Mtshali
- National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Sandringham 2131, South Africa
| | - Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
| | - Kgaugelo E Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Lu M, Meng C, Gao X, Sun Y, Zhang J, Tang G, Li Y, Li M, Zhou G, Wang W, Li K. Diversity of Rickettsiales in Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks Collected in Domestic Ruminants in Guizhou Province, China. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101108. [PMID: 36297165 PMCID: PMC9607482 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus ticks are vectors for multiple pathogens infecting animals and humans. Although the medical importance of R. microplus has been well-recognized and studied in most areas of China, the occurrence of tick-borne Rickettsiales has seldom been investigated in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. In this study, we collected 276 R. microplus ticks from cattle (209 ticks) and goats (67 ticks) in three locations of Guizhou Province. The Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia were detected by targeting the 16S rRNA gene and were further characterized by amplifying the key genes. One Rickettsia (Ca. Rickettsia jingxinensis), three Ehrlichia (E. canis, E. minasensis, Ehrlichia sp.), and four Anaplasma (A. capra, A. ovis, A. marginale, Ca. Anaplasma boleense) species were detected, and their gltA and groEL genes were recovered. Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis, a spotted fever group of Rickettsia, was detected in a high proportion of the tested ticks (88.89%, 100%, and 100% in ticks from the three locations, respectively), suggesting the possibility that animals may be exposed to this type of Rickettsia. All the 16S, gltA, groEL, and ompA sequences of these strains are 100% identical to strains reported in Ngawa, Sichuan Province. E. minasensis, A. marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boleense are known to infect livestock such as cattle. The potential effects on local husbandry should be considered. Notably, E. canis, A. ovis, and A. capra have been reported to infect humans. The relatively high positive rates in Qianxinan (20.99%, 9.88%, and 4.94%, respectively) may indicate the potential risk to local populations. Furthermore, the genetic analysis indicated that the E. minasensis strains in this study may represent a variant or recombinant. Our results indicated the extensive diversity of Rickettsiales in R. microplus ticks from Guizhou Province. The possible occurrence of rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis in humans and domestic animals in this area should be further considered and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chao Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Tongzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Guangpeng Tang
- Liuzhi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liupanshui 553400, China
| | - Yilin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Guangyi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Wen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Kun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
- Correspondence:
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Turin L, Surini S, Wheelhouse N, Rocchi MS. Recent advances and public health implications for environmental exposure to Chlamydia abortus: from enzootic to zoonotic disease. Vet Res 2022; 53:37. [PMID: 35642008 PMCID: PMC9152823 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental transmission of Chlamydia abortus as a result of enzootic disease or disease outbreaks and the threats posed by this pathogen has been previously reported, however a state-of-the-science review of these reports and the identification of future research priorities in this area is still lacking. This study provides an overview of the current knowledge of host–pathogen–environment interactions, addressing public health risks and identifying critical questions and research gaps. We performed a systematic PubMed and Web of Science search for publications related to Chlamydia abortus in the past four decades, and we reviewed and combined the evidence critically discussing and commenting the results. A total of 182 studies, 5 chapters of specific books and the “OIE terrestrial manual” were included in this review. There were substantial variations between the studies in topic addressed and experimental design. Overall, the literature largely supports the crucial role played by environmental exposure on the acquisition of zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia abortus. We also identify the paucity of information related to interspecies transmission and pathogen adaptation in relation to environmental dissemination and zoonotic risk. This analysis further highlights the need for additional research given that environmental transmission represents a serious risk not only to susceptible patients (pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals), but also for other species including wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Surini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nick Wheelhouse
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Mara Silvia Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
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