Imaging and monitoring of granzyme B in the immune response

Copper-based metal-organic frameworks for antitumor application

It is urgent to exploit multifunctional materials and combined approaches for efficient antitumor effects. Copper-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) have excellent performances in catalysis, biocompatibility, photothermal conversion, and regulate metabolism, which make them attract more and more attention in antitumor application. Therefore, in this review, representative ligands, synthetic methods, antitumor mechanism, and antitumor applications of Cu-MOFs were provided. Special emphasis is placed on the recent antitumor applications of Cu-MOFs in drug carriers, antitumor therapy, tumor imaging, and theranostic, which are summarized with examples. Finally, we presented the dilemma faced by Cu-MOFs and offered a new perspective for future antitumor application. Hopefully, this review may serve as a reference for further development and application of Cu-MOFs.

EGCG suppresses PD-1 expression of T cells via inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is an important tea polyphenol with anti-tumor potential. Our previous studies revealed that EGCG was a promising immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) as it could downregulate expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells, thereby resulting tumor killing effect. In particular, EGCG can effectively avoid the inflammatory storm caused by anti-tumor therapy, which is a healthy green capacity absent from many ICIs. However, the relationship between EGCG and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) of T cells remains unclear. In this work, we explored the effect of EGCG on T cells and found that EGCG suppressed PD-1 via inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Furtherly, the capability of EGCG was confirmed in tumor-bearing mice to inhibit PD-1 expression in T cells and enhance apoptosis in tumor cells. These results implied that EGCG could inhibit the expression of PD-1 in T cells, thereby promoting anti-tumor effects of T cells. EGCG will be a promising candidate in anti-tumor therapy.