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Arumugam K, Shin W, Schiavone V, Vlahos L, Tu X, Carnevali D, Kesner J, Paull EO, Romo N, Subramaniam P, Worley J, Tan X, Califano A, Cosma MP. The Master Regulator Protein BAZ2B Can Reprogram Human Hematopoietic Lineage-Committed Progenitors into a Multipotent State. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108474. [PMID: 33296649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bi-species, fusion-mediated, somatic cell reprogramming allows precise, organism-specific tracking of unknown lineage drivers. The fusion of Tcf7l1-/- murine embryonic stem cells with EBV-transformed human B cell lymphocytes, leads to the generation of bi-species heterokaryons. Human mRNA transcript profiling at multiple time points permits the tracking of the reprogramming of B cell nuclei to a multipotent state. Interrogation of a human B cell regulatory network with gene expression signatures identifies 8 candidate master regulator proteins. Of these 8 candidates, ectopic expression of BAZ2B, from the bromodomain family, efficiently reprograms hematopoietic committed progenitors into a multipotent state and significantly enhances their long-term clonogenicity, stemness, and engraftment in immunocompromised mice. Unbiased systems biology approaches let us identify the early driving events of human B cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Arumugam
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Schiavone
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas Vlahos
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Tu
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Carnevali
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Kesner
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan O Paull
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neus Romo
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Prem Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Worley
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangtian Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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2
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Park SW, Do HJ, Choi W, Kim JH. Fli-1 promotes proliferation and upregulates NANOGP8 expression in T-lymphocyte leukemia cells. Biochimie 2019; 168:1-9. [PMID: 31626853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Friend leukemia integration 1 (Fli-1) is a member of the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family. Fli-1 regulates normal hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis, and its aberrant expression underlies virus-induced leukemias and various types of human cancers. NANOGP8, a retro-pseudogene of stem cell mediator NANOG, is expressed predominantly in cancer cells and plays a role in tumorigenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that Fli-1 expression enhances human acute T-cell leukemia Jurkat cell proliferation and that Fli-1 acts as a transcriptional activator of NANOGP8 expression in these cells. NANOGP8 and Fli-1 are highly expressed in Jurkat cells, whereas NANOG was undetectable at both the RNA and protein levels. Moreover, the expression of endogenous NANOGP8 was significantly influenced by gain of function and loss of function of Fli-1. Promoter-reporter assays showed that NANOGP8 transcription was significantly upregulated by dose-dependent Fli-1 overexpression. A series of deletion mutagenesis of NANOGP8 promoter sequence revealed that NANOGP8 promoter activity was tightly regulated and found the minimal promoter region sufficient to activate NANOGP8 transcription mediated by Fli-1. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis of the putative binding site abolished both NANOGP8 full-length and minimal promoter activities. Binding assays revealed that Fli-1 directly interacts with the potent binding site in NANOG promoter region. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Fli-1 is a novel upstream transcriptional activator of NANOGP8 and provide the molecular details of Fli-1-mediated NANOGP8 gene expression. Ultimately, these findings may contribute to understanding the expanded regulatory mechanisms of oncogenic NANOGP8 and ETS family transcription factors in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Do
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Wonbin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, South Korea.
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3
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Schütte J, Wang H, Antoniou S, Jarratt A, Wilson NK, Riepsaame J, Calero-Nieto FJ, Moignard V, Basilico S, Kinston SJ, Hannah RL, Chan MC, Nürnberg ST, Ouwehand WH, Bonzanni N, de Bruijn MF, Göttgens B. An experimentally validated network of nine haematopoietic transcription factors reveals mechanisms of cell state stability. eLife 2016; 5:e11469. [PMID: 26901438 PMCID: PMC4798972 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF) networks determine cell-type identity by establishing and maintaining lineage-specific expression profiles, yet reconstruction of mammalian regulatory network models has been hampered by a lack of comprehensive functional validation of regulatory interactions. Here, we report comprehensive ChIP-Seq, transgenic and reporter gene experimental data that have allowed us to construct an experimentally validated regulatory network model for haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Model simulation coupled with subsequent experimental validation using single cell expression profiling revealed potential mechanisms for cell state stabilisation, and also how a leukaemogenic TF fusion protein perturbs key HSPC regulators. The approach presented here should help to improve our understanding of both normal physiological and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schütte
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Huange Wang
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Antoniou
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jarratt
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Riepsaame
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando J Calero-Nieto
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Basilico
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Kinston
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Hannah
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mun Chiang Chan
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia T Nürnberg
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Bonzanni
- IBIVU Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marella Ftr de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Saadatpour A, Guo G, Orkin SH, Yuan GC. Characterizing heterogeneity in leukemic cells using single-cell gene expression analysis. Genome Biol 2014; 15:525. [PMID: 25517911 PMCID: PMC4262970 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fundamental challenge for cancer therapy is that each tumor contains a highly heterogeneous cell population whose structure and mechanistic underpinnings remain incompletely understood. Recent advances in single-cell gene expression profiling have created new possibilities to characterize this heterogeneity and to dissect the potential intra-cancer cellular hierarchy. RESULTS Here, we apply single-cell analysis to systematically characterize the heterogeneity within leukemic cells using the MLL-AF9 driven mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia. We start with fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis with seven surface markers, and extend by using a multiplexing quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach to assay the transcriptional profile of a panel of 175 carefully selected genes in leukemic cells at the single-cell level. By employing a set of computational tools we find striking heterogeneity within leukemic cells. Mapping to the normal hematopoietic cellular hierarchy identifies two distinct subtypes of leukemic cells; one similar to granulocyte/monocyte progenitors and the other to macrophage and dendritic cells. Further functional experiments suggest that these subtypes differ in proliferation rates and clonal phenotypes. Finally, co-expression network analysis reveals similarities as well as organizational differences between leukemia and normal granulocyte/monocyte progenitor networks. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our single-cell analysis pinpoints previously uncharacterized heterogeneity within leukemic cells and provides new insights into the molecular signatures of acute myeloid leukemia.
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5
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Wilkinson AC, Kawata VKS, Schütte J, Gao X, Antoniou S, Baumann C, Woodhouse S, Hannah R, Tanaka Y, Swiers G, Moignard V, Fisher J, Hidetoshi S, Tijssen MR, de Bruijn MFTR, Liu P, Göttgens B. Single-cell analyses of regulatory network perturbations using enhancer-targeting TALEs suggest novel roles for PU.1 during haematopoietic specification. Development 2014; 141:4018-30. [PMID: 25252941 PMCID: PMC4197694 DOI: 10.1242/dev.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) act within wider regulatory networks to control cell identity and fate. Numerous TFs, including Scl (Tal1) and PU.1 (Spi1), are known regulators of developmental and adult haematopoiesis, but how they act within wider TF networks is still poorly understood. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are a novel class of genetic tool based on the modular DNA-binding domains of Xanthomonas TAL proteins, which enable DNA sequence-specific targeting and the manipulation of endogenous gene expression. Here, we report TALEs engineered to target the PU.1-14kb and Scl+40kb transcriptional enhancers as efficient new tools to perturb the expression of these key haematopoietic TFs. We confirmed the efficiency of these TALEs at the single-cell level using high-throughput RT-qPCR, which also allowed us to assess the consequences of both PU.1 activation and repression on wider TF networks during developmental haematopoiesis. Combined with comprehensive cellular assays, these experiments uncovered novel roles for PU.1 during early haematopoietic specification. Finally, transgenic mouse studies confirmed that the PU.1-14kb element is active at sites of definitive haematopoiesis in vivo and PU.1 is detectable in haemogenic endothelium and early committing blood cells. We therefore establish TALEs as powerful new tools to study the functionality of transcriptional networks that control developmental processes such as early haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Wilkinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Viviane K S Kawata
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Judith Schütte
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Xuefei Gao
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stella Antoniou
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Claudia Baumann
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Steven Woodhouse
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rebecca Hannah
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gemma Swiers
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jasmin Fisher
- Microsoft Research Cambridge, 21 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Shimauchi Hidetoshi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Marloes R Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Marella F T R de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Sive JI, Göttgens B. Transcriptional network control of normal and leukaemic haematopoiesis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:255-64. [PMID: 25014893 PMCID: PMC4261078 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in determining the gene expression profiles of stem/progenitor cells, and defining their potential to differentiate into mature cell lineages. TF interactions within gene-regulatory networks are vital to these processes, and dysregulation of these networks by TF overexpression, deletion or abnormal gene fusions have been shown to cause malignancy. While investigation of these processes remains a challenge, advances in genome-wide technologies and growing interactions between laboratory and computational science are starting to produce increasingly accurate network models. The haematopoietic system provides an attractive experimental system to elucidate gene regulatory mechanisms, and allows experimental investigation of both normal and dysregulated networks. In this review we examine the principles of TF-controlled gene regulatory networks and the key experimental techniques used to investigate them. We look in detail at examples of how these approaches can be used to dissect out the regulatory mechanisms controlling normal haematopoiesis, as well as the dysregulated networks associated with haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Sive
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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The ets transcription factor Fli-1 in development, cancer and disease. Oncogene 2014; 34:2022-31. [PMID: 24909161 PMCID: PMC5028196 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Friend Leukemia Virus Induced erythroleukemia-1 (Fli-1), an ETS transcription factor, was isolated a quarter century ago through a retrovirus mutagenesis screen. Fli-1 has since been recognized to play critical roles in normal development and homeostasis. For example, it transcriptionally regulates genes that drive normal hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis. Indeed, Fli-1 is one of 10 key regulators of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation. Aberrant expression of Fli-1 also underlies a number of virally induced leukemias, including Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia and various types of human cancers, and it is the target of chromosomal translocations in childhood Ewing’s sarcoma. Abnormal expression of Fli-1 is important in the aetiology of auto-immune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). These studies establish Fli-1 as a strong candidate for drug development. Despite difficulties in targeting transcription factors, recent studies identified small molecule inhibitors for Fli-1. Here we review past and ongoing research on Fli-1 with emphasis on its mechanistic function in autoimmune disease and malignant transformation. The significance of identifying Fli-1 inhibitors and their clinical applications for treatment of disease and cancer with deregulated Fli-1 expression are discussed.
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8
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Chaussabel D, Baldwin N. Democratizing systems immunology with modular transcriptional repertoire analyses. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:271-80. [PMID: 24662387 DOI: 10.1038/nri3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Individual elements that constitute the immune system have been characterized over the few past decades, mostly through reductionist approaches. The introduction of large-scale profiling platforms has more recently facilitated the assessment of these elements on a global scale. However, the analysis and the interpretation of such large-scale datasets remains a challenge and a barrier for the wider adoption of systems approaches in immunological and clinical studies. In this Innovation article, we describe an analytical strategy that relies on the a priori determination of co-dependent gene sets for a given biological system. Such modular transcriptional repertoires can in turn be used to simplify the analysis and the interpretation of large-scale datasets, and to design targeted immune fingerprinting assays and web applications that will further facilitate the dissemination of systems approaches in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Chaussabel
- Benaroya Research Institute Systems Immunology Division, 1201 Ninth Street, Seattle, Washington, 98101-2795, USA
| | - Nicole Baldwin
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak St, Dallas, Texas, 75204, USA
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9
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Moignard V, Göttgens B. Transcriptional mechanisms of cell fate decisions revealed by single cell expression profiling. Bioessays 2014; 36:419-26. [PMID: 24470343 PMCID: PMC3992849 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks regulate cell fate decisions, which occur at the level of individual cells. However, much of what we know about their structure and function comes from studies averaging measurements over large populations of cells, many of which are functionally heterogeneous. Such studies conceal the variability between cells and so prevent us from determining the nature of heterogeneity at the molecular level. In recent years, many protocols and platforms have been developed that allow the high throughput analysis of gene expression in single cells, opening the door to a new era of biology. Here, we discuss the need for single cell gene expression analysis to gain deeper insights into the transcriptional control of cell fate decisions, and consider the insights it has provided so far into transcriptional regulatory networks in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Moignard
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Li P, Xiao Y, Liu Z, Liu P. Using mouse models to study function of transcriptional factors in T cell development. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 1:8. [PMID: 25408871 PMCID: PMC4230505 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9769-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory mice have widely been used as tools for basic biological research and models for studying human diseases. With the advances of genetic engineering and conditional knockout (CKO) mice, we now understand hematopoiesis is a dynamic stepwise process starting from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) which are responsible for replenishing all blood cells. Transcriptional factors play important role in hematopoiesis. In this review we compile several studies on using genetic modified mice and humanized mice to study function of transcriptional factors in lymphopoiesis, including T lymphocyte and Natural killer (NK) cell development. Finally, we focused on the key transcriptional factor Bcl11b and its function in regulating T cell specification and commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzchou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiren Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzchou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzchou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
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