1
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Kao YR, Chen J, Kumari R, Ng A, Zintiridou A, Tatiparthy M, Ma Y, Aivalioti MM, Moulik D, Sundaravel S, Sun D, Reisz JA, Grimm J, Martinez-Lopez N, Stransky S, Sidoli S, Steidl U, Singh R, D'Alessandro A, Will B. An iron rheostat controls hematopoietic stem cell fate. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:378-397.e12. [PMID: 38402617 PMCID: PMC10939794 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mechanisms governing the maintenance of blood-producing hematopoietic stem and multipotent progenitor cells (HSPCs) are incompletely understood, particularly those regulating fate, ensuring long-term maintenance, and preventing aging-associated stem cell dysfunction. We uncovered a role for transitory free cytoplasmic iron as a rheostat for adult stem cell fate control. We found that HSPCs harbor comparatively small amounts of free iron and show the activation of a conserved molecular response to limited iron-particularly during mitosis. To study the functional and molecular consequences of iron restriction, we developed models allowing for transient iron bioavailability limitation and combined single-molecule RNA quantification, metabolomics, and single-cell transcriptomic analyses with functional studies. Our data reveal that the activation of the limited iron response triggers coordinated metabolic and epigenetic events, establishing stemness-conferring gene regulation. Notably, we find that aging-associated cytoplasmic iron loading reversibly attenuates iron-dependent cell fate control, explicating intervention strategies for dysfunctional aged stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ruei Kao
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajni Kumari
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita Ng
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Aliona Zintiridou
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madhuri Tatiparthy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria M Aivalioti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deeposree Moulik
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sriram Sundaravel
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daqian Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Juliane Grimm
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nuria Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Comprehensive Liver Research Center at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Blood Cancer Institute, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Comprehensive Liver Research Center at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Britta Will
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Blood Cancer Institute, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Wu Q, Zhang J, Kumar S, Shen S, Kincaid M, Johnson CB, Zhang YS, Turcotte R, Alt C, Ito K, Homan S, Sherman BE, Shao TY, Slaughter A, Weinhaus B, Song B, Filippi MD, Grimes HL, Lin CP, Ito K, Way SS, Kofron JM, Lucas D. Resilient anatomy and local plasticity of naive and stress haematopoiesis. Nature 2024; 627:839-846. [PMID: 38509363 PMCID: PMC10972750 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The bone marrow adjusts blood cell production to meet physiological demands in response to insults. The spatial organization of normal and stress responses are unknown owing to the lack of methods to visualize most steps of blood production. Here we develop strategies to image multipotent haematopoiesis, erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in mice. We combine these with imaging of myelopoiesis1 to define the anatomy of normal and stress haematopoiesis. In the steady state, across the skeleton, single stem cells and multipotent progenitors distribute through the marrow enriched near megakaryocytes. Lineage-committed progenitors are recruited to blood vessels, where they contribute to lineage-specific microanatomical structures composed of progenitors and immature cells, which function as the production sites for each major blood lineage. This overall anatomy is resilient to insults, as it was maintained after haemorrhage, systemic bacterial infection and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment, and during ageing. Production sites enable haematopoietic plasticity as they differentially and selectively modulate their numbers and output in response to insults. We found that stress responses are variable across the skeleton: the tibia and the sternum respond in opposite ways to G-CSF, and the skull does not increase erythropoiesis after haemorrhage. Our studies enable in situ analyses of haematopoiesis, define the anatomy of normal and stress responses, identify discrete microanatomical production sites that confer plasticity to haematopoiesis, and uncover unprecedented heterogeneity of stress responses across the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jizhou Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Siyu Shen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Morgan Kincaid
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Courtney B Johnson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yanan Sophia Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine Research, Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Clemens Alt
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine Research, Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shelli Homan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bryan E Sherman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Shao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anastasiya Slaughter
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Weinhaus
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Baobao Song
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marie Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine Research, Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Matthew Kofron
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Lucas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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3
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Gerber-Ferder Y, Cosgrove J, Duperray-Susini A, Missolo-Koussou Y, Dubois M, Stepaniuk K, Pereira-Abrantes M, Sedlik C, Lameiras S, Baulande S, Bendriss-Vermare N, Guermonprez P, Passaro D, Perié L, Piaggio E, Helft J. Breast cancer remotely imposes a myeloid bias on haematopoietic stem cells by reprogramming the bone marrow niche. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1736-1745. [PMID: 38036749 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cell infiltration of solid tumours generally associates with poor patient prognosis and disease severity1-13. Therefore, understanding the regulation of myeloid cell differentiation during cancer is crucial to counteract their pro-tumourigenic role. Bone marrow (BM) haematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process for the production of all immune cells in accordance to tissue needs14. Myeloid cells differentiate during haematopoiesis from multipotent haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs)15-17. HSPCs can sense inflammatory signals from the periphery during infections18-21 or inflammatory disorders22-27. In these settings, HSPC expansion is associated with increased myeloid differentiation28,29. During carcinogenesis, the elevation of haematopoietic growth factors supports the expansion and differentiation of committed myeloid progenitors5,30. However, it is unclear whether cancer-related inflammation also triggers demand-adapted haematopoiesis at the level of multipotent HSPCs. In the BM, HSPCs reside within the haematopoietic niche which delivers HSC maintenance and differentiation cues31-35. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major cellular component of the BM niche and contribute to HSC homeostasis36-41. Modifications of MSCs in systemic disorders have been associated with HSC differentiation towards myeloid cells22,42. It is unknown if MSCs are regulated in the context of solid tumours and if their myeloid supportive activity is impacted by cancer-induced systemic changes. Here, using unbiased transcriptomic analysis and in situ imaging of HSCs and the BM niche during breast cancer, we show that both HSCs and MSCs are transcriptionally and spatially modified. We demonstrate that breast tumour can distantly remodel the cellular cross-talks in the BM niche leading to increased myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Gerber-Ferder
- Institut Curie, Immunity and Cancer, PSL University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Jason Cosgrove
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Aleria Duperray-Susini
- Institut Cochin, Leukemia and Niche Dynamics Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Dubois
- Institut Curie, Immunity and Cancer, PSL University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Kateryna Stepaniuk
- Institut Cochin, Phagocytes and Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Pereira-Abrantes
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Sedlik
- Institut Curie, Immunity and Cancer, PSL University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Lameiras
- Institut Curie, ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing Platform, PSL University, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Single Cell Initiative, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie, ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing Platform, PSL University, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Single Cell Initiative, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Guermonprez
- Institut Pasteur, Dendritic Cells and Adaptive Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Diana Passaro
- Institut Cochin, Leukemia and Niche Dynamics Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Leïla Perié
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Institut Curie, Immunity and Cancer, PSL University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Julie Helft
- Institut Cochin, Phagocytes and Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.
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4
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Bardag Gorce F, Al Dahan M, Narwani K, Terrazas J, Ferrini M, Calhoun CC, Uyanne J, Royce-Flores J, Crum E, Niihara Y. Human Oral Mucosa as a Potentially Effective Source of Neural Crest Stem Cells for Clinical Practice. Cells 2023; 12:2216. [PMID: 37759439 PMCID: PMC10526281 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report in this study on the isolation and expansion of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from the epithelium of oral mucosa (OM) using reagents that are GMP-certified and FDA-approved for clinical use. Characterization analysis showed that the levels of keratins K2, K6C, K4, K13, K31, and K15-specific to OM epithelial cells-were significantly lower in the experimental NCSCs. While SOX10 was decreased with no statistically significant difference, the earliest neural crest specifier genes SNAI1/2, Ap2a, Ap2c, SOX9, SOX30, Pax3, and Twist1 showed a trend in increased expression in NCSCs. In addition, proteins of Oct4, Nestin and Noth1 were found to be greatly expressed, confirming NCSC multipotency. In conclusion, our study showed that the epithelium of OM contains NCSCs that can be isolated and expanded with clinical-grade reagents to supply the demand for multipotent cells required for clinical applications in regenerative medicine. Supported by Emmaus Medical Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Bardag Gorce
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mais Al Dahan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kavita Narwani
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
| | - Jesus Terrazas
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Monica Ferrini
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Colonya C. Calhoun
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Department of Surgery, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jettie Uyanne
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jun Royce-Flores
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric Crum
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Surgery, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yutaka Niihara
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Emmaus Medical, Inc., Torrance, CA 90503, USA
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5
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Argentati C, Morena F, Guidotti G, Soccio M, Lotti N, Martino S. Tight Regulation of Mechanotransducer Proteins Distinguishes the Response of Adult Multipotent Mesenchymal Cells on PBCE-Derivative Polymer Films with Different Hydrophilicity and Stiffness. Cells 2023; 12:1746. [PMID: 37443780 PMCID: PMC10341130 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a molecular process by which cells translate physical stimuli exerted by the external environment into biochemical pathways to orchestrate the cellular shape and function. Even with the advancements in the field, the molecular events leading to the signal cascade are still unclear. The current biotechnology of tissue engineering offers the opportunity to study in vitro the effect of the physical stimuli exerted by biomaterial on stem cells and the mechanotransduction pathway involved in the process. Here, we cultured multipotent human mesenchymal/stromal cells (hMSCs) isolated from bone marrow (hBM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (hASCs) on films of poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylate) (PBCE) and a PBCE-based copolymer containing 50 mol% of butylene diglycolate co-units (BDG50), to intentionally tune the surface hydrophilicity and the stiffness (PBCE = 560 Mpa; BDG50 = 94 MPa). We demonstrated the activated distinctive mechanotransduction pathways, resulting in the acquisition of an elongated shape in hBM-MSCs on the BDG50 film and in maintaining the canonical morphology on the PBCE film. Notably, hASCs acquired a new, elongated morphology on both the PBCE and BDG50 films. We found that these events were mainly due to the differences in the expression of Cofilin1, Vimentin, Filamin A, and Talin, which established highly sensitive machinery by which, rather than hASCs, hBM-MSCs distinguished PBCE from BDG50 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
- CEMIN (Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturali per Applicazioni Chimica Fisiche e Biomediche), University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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6
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Meng Y, Carrelha J, Drissen R, Ren X, Zhang B, Gambardella A, Valletta S, Thongjuea S, Jacobsen SE, Nerlov C. Epigenetic programming defines haematopoietic stem cell fate restriction. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:812-822. [PMID: 37127714 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, but individual HSCs can show restricted lineage output in vivo. Currently, the molecular mechanisms and physiological role of HSC fate restriction remain unknown. Here we show that lymphoid fate is epigenetically but not transcriptionally primed in HSCs. In multi-lineage HSCs that produce lymphocytes, lymphoid-specific upstream regulatory elements (LymUREs) but not promoters are preferentially accessible compared with platelet-biased HSCs that do not produce lymphoid cell types, providing transcriptionally silent lymphoid lineage priming. Runx3 is preferentially expressed in multi-lineage HSCs, and reinstating Runx3 expression increases LymURE accessibility and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor 4 (MPP4) output in old, platelet-biased HSCs. In contrast, platelet-biased HSCs show elevated levels of epigenetic platelet-lineage priming and give rise to MPP2 progenitors with molecular platelet bias. These MPP2 progenitors generate platelets with faster kinetics and through a more direct cellular pathway compared with MPP2s derived from multi-lineage HSCs. Epigenetic programming therefore predicts both fate restriction and differentiation kinetics in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Meng
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joana Carrelha
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roy Drissen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiying Ren
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bowen Zhang
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adriana Gambardella
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simona Valletta
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sten Eirik Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Sodhi CP, Ahmad R, Jia H, Fulton WB, Lopez C, Gonzalez Salazar AJ, Ishiyama A, Sampah M, Steinway S, Wang S, Prindle T, Wang M, Steed DL, Wessel H, Kirshner Z, Brown LR, Lu P, Hackam DJ. The administration of amnion-derived multipotent cell secretome ST266 protects against necrotizing enterocolitis in mice and piglets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G265-G282. [PMID: 35819175 PMCID: PMC9448291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00364.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and is steadily rising in frequency. Patients who develop NEC have a very high mortality, illustrating the importance of developing novel prevention or treatment approaches. We and others have shown that NEC arises in part from exaggerated signaling via the bacterial receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the intestinal epithelium, leading to widespread intestinal inflammation and intestinal ischemia. Strategies that limit the extent of TLR4 signaling, including the administration of amniotic fluid, can reduce NEC development in mouse and piglet models. We now seek to test the hypothesis that a secretome derived from amnion-derived cells can prevent or treat NEC in preclinical models of this disease via a process involving TLR4 inhibition. In support of this hypothesis, we show that the administration of this secretome, named ST266, to mice or piglets can prevent and treat experimental NEC. The protective effects of ST266 occurred in the presence of marked TLR4 inhibition in the intestinal epithelium of cultured epithelial cells, intestinal organoids, and human intestinal samples ex vivo, independent of epidermal growth factor. Strikingly, RNA-seq analysis of the intestinal epithelium in mice reveals that the ST266 upregulates critical genes associated with gut remodeling, intestinal immunity, gut differentiation. and energy metabolism. These findings show that the amnion-derived secretome ST266 can prevent and treat NEC, suggesting the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with this devastating disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work provides hope for children who develop NEC, a devastating disease of premature infants that is often fatal, by revealing that the secreted product of amniotic progenitor cells (called ST266) can prevent or treat NEC in mice, piglet, and "NEC-in-a-dish" models of this disease. Mechanistically, ST266 prevented bacterial signaling, and a detailed transcriptomic analysis revealed effects on gut differentiation, immunity, and metabolism. Thus, an amniotic secretome may offer novel approaches for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhinder P Sodhi
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William B Fulton
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carla Lopez
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andres J Gonzalez Salazar
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Asuka Ishiyama
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maame Sampah
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steve Steinway
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanxia Wang
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Prindle
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Menghan Wang
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David L Steed
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Howard Wessel
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ziv Kirshner
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Larry R Brown
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peng Lu
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Fast EM, Sporrij A, Manning M, Rocha EL, Yang S, Zhou Y, Guo J, Baryawno N, Barkas N, Scadden D, Camargo F, Zon LI. External signals regulate continuous transcriptional states in hematopoietic stem cells. eLife 2021; 10:e66512. [PMID: 34939923 PMCID: PMC8700284 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must ensure adequate blood cell production following distinct external stressors. A comprehensive understanding of in vivo heterogeneity and specificity of HSC responses to external stimuli is currently lacking. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) on functionally validated mouse HSCs and LSK (Lin-, c-Kit+, Sca1+) progenitors after in vivo pharmacological perturbation of niche signals interferon, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and prostaglandin. We identified six HSC states that are characterized by enrichment but not exclusive expression of marker genes. External signals induced rapid transitions between HSC states but transcriptional response varied both between external stimulants and within the HSC population for a given perturbation. In contrast to LSK progenitors, HSCs were characterized by a greater link between molecular signatures at baseline and in response to external stressors. Chromatin analysis of unperturbed HSCs and LSKs by scATAC-Seq suggested some HSC-specific, cell intrinsic predispositions to niche signals. We compiled a comprehensive resource of HSC- and LSK progenitor-specific chromatin and transcriptional features that represent determinants of signal receptiveness and regenerative potential during stress hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Fast
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Audrey Sporrij
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Margot Manning
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz Rocha
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston's Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston's Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jimin Guo
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council CanadaBouchervilleCanada
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | | | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's HospitalBostonUnited States
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9
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Shiau F, Ruzycki PA, Clark BS. A single-cell guide to retinal development: Cell fate decisions of multipotent retinal progenitors in scRNA-seq. Dev Biol 2021; 478:41-58. [PMID: 34146533 PMCID: PMC8386138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in high throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have enabled the simultaneous transcriptomic profiling of thousands of individual cells in a single experiment. To investigate the intrinsic process of retinal development, researchers have leveraged this technology to quantify gene expression in retinal cells across development, in multiple species, and from numerous important models of human disease. In this review, we summarize recent applications of scRNA-seq and discuss how these datasets have complemented and advanced our understanding of retinal progenitor cell competence, cell fate specification, and differentiation. Finally, we also highlight the outstanding questions in the field that advances in single-cell data generation and analysis will soon be able to answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fion Shiau
- John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philip A Ruzycki
- John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian S Clark
- John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Dignum T, Varnum-Finney B, Srivatsan SR, Dozono S, Waltner O, Heck AM, Ishida T, Nourigat-McKay C, Jackson DL, Rafii S, Trapnell C, Bernstein ID, Hadland B. Multipotent progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells arise independently from hemogenic endothelium in the mouse embryo. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109675. [PMID: 34525376 PMCID: PMC8478150 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, waves of hematopoietic progenitors develop from hemogenic endothelium (HE) prior to the emergence of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although previous studies have shown that yolk-sac-derived erythromyeloid progenitors and HSCs emerge from distinct populations of HE, it remains unknown whether the earliest lymphoid-competent progenitors, multipotent progenitors, and HSCs originate from common HE. In this study, we demonstrate by clonal assays and single-cell transcriptomics that rare HE with functional HSC potential in the early murine embryo are distinct from more abundant HE with multilineage hematopoietic potential that fail to generate HSCs. Specifically, HSC-competent HE are characterized by expression of CXCR4 surface marker and by higher expression of genes tied to arterial programs regulating HSC dormancy and self-renewal. Taken together, these findings suggest a revised model of developmental hematopoiesis in which the initial populations of multipotent progenitors and HSCs arise independently from HE with distinct phenotypic and transcriptional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Dignum
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Barbara Varnum-Finney
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sanjay R Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Stacey Dozono
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia Waltner
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adam M Heck
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia Nourigat-McKay
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dana L Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Irwin D Bernstein
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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11
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Balaphas A, Meyer J, Meier RPH, Liot E, Buchs NC, Roche B, Toso C, Bühler LH, Gonelle-Gispert C, Ris F. Cell Therapy for Anal Sphincter Incontinence: Where Do We Stand? Cells 2021; 10:2086. [PMID: 34440855 PMCID: PMC8394955 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal sphincter incontinence is a chronic disease, which dramatically impairs quality of life and induces high costs for the society. Surgery, considered as the best curative option, shows a disappointing success rate. Stem/progenitor cell therapy is pledging, for anal sphincter incontinence, a substitute to surgery with higher efficacy. However, the published literature is disparate. Our aim was to perform a review on the development of cell therapy for anal sphincter incontinence with critical analyses of its pitfalls. Animal models for anal sphincter incontinence were varied and tried to reproduce distinct clinical situations (acute injury or healed injury with or without surgical reconstruction) but were limited by anatomical considerations. Cell preparations used for treatment, originated, in order of frequency, from skeletal muscle, bone marrow or fat tissue. The characterization of these preparations was often incomplete and stemness not always addressed. Despite a lack of understanding of sphincter healing processes and the exact mechanism of action of cell preparations, this treatment was evaluated in 83 incontinent patients, reporting encouraging results. However, further development is necessary to establish the correct indications, to determine the most-suited cell type, to standardize the cell preparation method and to validate the route and number of cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Balaphas
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (E.L.); (N.C.B.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (F.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Geneva Medical School, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (E.L.); (N.C.B.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Raphael P. H. Meier
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Emilie Liot
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (E.L.); (N.C.B.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Nicolas C. Buchs
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (E.L.); (N.C.B.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Bruno Roche
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (E.L.); (N.C.B.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (E.L.); (N.C.B.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Leo H. Bühler
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (L.H.B.); (C.G.-G.)
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (L.H.B.); (C.G.-G.)
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (E.L.); (N.C.B.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (F.R.)
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12
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Birck C, Ginolhac A, Pavlou MAS, Michelucci A, Heuschling P, Grandbarbe L. NF-κB and TNF Affect the Astrocytic Differentiation from Neural Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:840. [PMID: 33917855 PMCID: PMC8068246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial during development and inflammatory processes. We have previously shown that NF-κB activation induces dedifferentiation of astrocytes into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Here, we provide evidence that the NF-κB pathway plays also a fundamental role during the differentiation of NPCs into astrocytes. First, we show that the NF-κB pathway is essential to initiate astrocytic differentiation as its early inhibition induces NPC apoptosis and impedes their differentiation. Second, we demonstrate that persistent NF-κB activation affects NPC-derived astrocyte differentiation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-treated NPCs show NF-κB activation, maintain their multipotential and proliferation properties, display persistent expression of immature markers and inhibit astrocyte markers. Third, we analyze the effect of NF-κB activation on the main known astrocytic differentiation pathways, such as NOTCH and JAK-STAT. Our findings suggest that the NF-κB pathway plays a dual fundamental role during NPC differentiation into astrocytes: it promotes astrocyte specification, but its persistent activation impedes their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Birck
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (C.B.); (A.G.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Aurélien Ginolhac
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (C.B.); (A.G.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Maria Angeliki S. Pavlou
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (C.B.); (A.G.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.H.)
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Heuschling
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (C.B.); (A.G.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Luc Grandbarbe
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (C.B.); (A.G.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.H.)
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13
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Liu Z, Lin Y, Fang X, Yang J, Chen Z. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Promotes Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla through Activating the BMP-Smad Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061580. [PMID: 33809391 PMCID: PMC8001198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are desirable sources of dentin regeneration. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural component of green tea, shows potential in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells. However, whether EGCG regulates the odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs and how this occurs remain unknown. SCAPs from immature human third molars (16–20 years, n = 5) were treated with a medium containing different concentrations of EGCG or bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), with or without LDN193189 (an inhibitor of the canonical BMP pathway). Cell proliferation and migration were analyzed using a CCK-8 assay and wound-healing assay, respectively. Osteo-/odontogenic differentiation was evaluated via alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, and the expression of osteo-/odontogenic markers using qPCR and Western blotting. We found that EGCG (1 or 10 μM) promoted the proliferation of SCAPs, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineral deposition, and upregulated the expression of osteo-/odontogenic markers including dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), dentin matrix protein-1 (Dmp-1), bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and Type I collagen (Col1), along with the elevated expression of BMP2 and phosphorylation level of Smad1/5/9 (p < 0.01). EGCG at concentrations below 10 μM had no significant influence on cell migration. Moreover, EGCG-induced osteo-/odontogenic differentiation was significantly attenuated via LDN193189 treatment (p < 0.01). Furthermore, EGCG showed the ability to promote mineralization comparable with that of recombinant BMP2. Our study demonstrated that EGCG promotes the osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs through the BMP–Smad signaling pathway.
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D’Aveni M, Notarantonio AB, Agbogan VA, Bertrand A, Fouquet G, Gastineau P, Garfa-Traoré M, De Carvalho M, Hermine O, Rubio MT, Zavala F. Mobilized Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitors Promote Expansion and Survival of Allogeneic Tregs and Protect Against Graft Versus Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607180. [PMID: 33643294 PMCID: PMC7907505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is routinely performed with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) mobilized by injection of G-CSF, a growth factor which not only modulates normal hematopoiesis but also induces diverse immature regulatory cells. Based on our previous evidence that G-CSF-mobilized multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (MPP) can increase survival and proliferation of natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) in autoimmune disorders, we addressed the question how these cells come into play in mice and humans in an alloimmune setting. Using a C57BL/6 mouse model, we demonstrate that mobilized MPP enhance the immunosuppressant effect exerted by Tregs, against alloreactive T lymphocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. They do so by migrating to sites of allopriming, interacting with donor Tregs and increasing their numbers, thus reducing the lethality of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Protection correlates likewise with increased allospecific Treg counts. Furthermore, we provide evidence for a phenotypically similar MPP population in humans, where it shares the capacity to promote selective Treg expansion in vitro. We postulate that G-CSF-mobilized MPPs might become a valuable cellular therapy to expand donor Tregs in vivo and prevent GVHD, thereby making allo-HSCT safer for the treatment of leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud D’Aveni
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, Hematology Department, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365 CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Béatrice Notarantonio
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, Hematology Department, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365 CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | - Viviane A. Agbogan
- Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology, Université de Paris, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Allan Bertrand
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365 CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | - Guillemette Fouquet
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Gastineau
- Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology, Université de Paris, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traoré
- Université de Paris, SFR Necker-UMS 3633/US24-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Plateforme d’Imagerie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Marcelo De Carvalho
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365 CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, Immunology Department, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Rubio
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, Hematology Department, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365 CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | - Flora Zavala
- Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology, Université de Paris, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
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15
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Petratou K, Spencer SA, Kelsh RN, Lister JA. The MITF paralog tfec is required in neural crest development for fate specification of the iridophore lineage from a multipotent pigment cell progenitor. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244794. [PMID: 33439865 PMCID: PMC7806166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how fate specification of distinct cell-types from multipotent progenitors occurs is a fundamental question in embryology. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) generate extraordinarily diverse derivatives, including multiple neural, skeletogenic and pigment cell fates. Key transcription factors and extracellular signals specifying NCSC lineages remain to be identified, and we have only a little idea of how and when they function together to control fate. Zebrafish have three neural crest-derived pigment cell types, black melanocytes, light-reflecting iridophores and yellow xanthophores, which offer a powerful model for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of fate segregation. Mitfa has been identified as the master regulator of melanocyte fate. Here, we show that an Mitf-related transcription factor, Tfec, functions as master regulator of the iridophore fate. Surprisingly, our phenotypic analysis of tfec mutants demonstrates that Tfec also functions in the initial specification of all three pigment cell-types, although the melanocyte and xanthophore lineages recover later. We show that Mitfa represses tfec expression, revealing a likely mechanism contributing to the decision between melanocyte and iridophore fate. Our data are consistent with the long-standing proposal of a tripotent progenitor restricted to pigment cell fates. Moreover, we investigate activation, maintenance and function of tfec in multipotent NCSCs, demonstrating for the first time its role in the gene regulatory network forming and maintaining early neural crest cells. In summary, we build on our previous work to characterise the gene regulatory network governing iridophore development, establishing Tfec as the master regulator driving iridophore specification from multipotent progenitors, while shedding light on possible cellular mechanisms of progressive fate restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleio Petratou
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha A. Spencer
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Kelsh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Lister
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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16
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Juan CH, Chen MH, Lin FH, Wong CS, Chien CC, Chen MH. In Vitro Differentiation of Human Placenta-Derived Multipotent Cells into Schwann-Like Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121657. [PMID: 33322066 PMCID: PMC7763858 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placenta-derived multipotent stem cells (PDMCs) resembling embryonic stem cells can differentiate into three germ layer cells, including ectodermal lineage cells, such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The favorable characteristics of noninvasive cell harvesting include fewer ethical, religious, and legal considerations as well as accessible and limitless supply. Thus, PDMCs are attractive for cell-based therapy. The Schwann cell (SC) is the most common cell type used for tissue engineering such as nerve regeneration. However, the differentiation potential of human PDMCs into SCs has not been demonstrated until now. In this study, we evaluated the potential of PDMCs to differentiate into SC-like cells in a differentiation medium. After induction, PDMCs not only exhibited typical SC spindle-shaped morphology but also expressed SC markers, including S100, GFAP, p75, MBP, and Sox 10, as revealed by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the elevated gene expression of S100, GFAP, p75, MBP, Sox-10, and Krox-20 after SC induction. A neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, was cultured in the conditioned medium (CM) collected from PDMC-differentiated SCs. The growth rate of the SH-SY5Y increased in the CM, indicating the function of PDMC-induced SCs. In conclusion, human PDMCs can be differentiated into SC-like cells and thus are an attractive alternative to SCs for cell-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hau Juan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan; (C.-H.J.); (C.-S.W.); (C.-C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333321, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hui Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan; (C.-H.J.); (C.-S.W.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan; (C.-H.J.); (C.-S.W.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Municipal Wangfang Hospital, Taipei 116081, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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17
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Arumugam K, Shin W, Schiavone V, Vlahos L, Tu X, Carnevali D, Kesner J, Paull EO, Romo N, Subramaniam P, Worley J, Tan X, Califano A, Cosma MP. The Master Regulator Protein BAZ2B Can Reprogram Human Hematopoietic Lineage-Committed Progenitors into a Multipotent State. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108474. [PMID: 33296649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bi-species, fusion-mediated, somatic cell reprogramming allows precise, organism-specific tracking of unknown lineage drivers. The fusion of Tcf7l1-/- murine embryonic stem cells with EBV-transformed human B cell lymphocytes, leads to the generation of bi-species heterokaryons. Human mRNA transcript profiling at multiple time points permits the tracking of the reprogramming of B cell nuclei to a multipotent state. Interrogation of a human B cell regulatory network with gene expression signatures identifies 8 candidate master regulator proteins. Of these 8 candidates, ectopic expression of BAZ2B, from the bromodomain family, efficiently reprograms hematopoietic committed progenitors into a multipotent state and significantly enhances their long-term clonogenicity, stemness, and engraftment in immunocompromised mice. Unbiased systems biology approaches let us identify the early driving events of human B cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Arumugam
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Schiavone
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas Vlahos
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Tu
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Carnevali
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Kesner
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan O Paull
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neus Romo
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Prem Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Worley
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangtian Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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18
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Ofiteru AM, Becheru DF, Gharbia S, Balta C, Herman H, Mladin B, Ionita M, Hermenean A, Burns JS. Qualifying Osteogenic Potency Assay Metrics for Human Multipotent Stromal Cells: TGF-β2 a Telling Eligible Biomarker. Cells 2020; 9:E2559. [PMID: 33260388 PMCID: PMC7760953 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Potency assays are critical for regenerative medicine, addressing the known challenge of functional heterogeneity among human multipotent stromal cells (hMSC). Necessary laboratory cell expansion allows analysis before implantation in the patient. Levels of induction of five signature gene biomarkers, ALPL, COL1A2, DCN, ELN and RUNX2, constituted a previously reported proof-of-principle osteogenic potency assay. We tested assay modification to enhance reproducibility using six consistent bone marrow derived hBM-MSC and explored applicability to three adipose tissue derived hAT-MSC. Using a potent proprietary osteogenic induction factor, the GUSB/YWAHZ reference gene pair provided real time PCR consistency. The novel assay conditions supported the concept that genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins one week after osteogenic induction were informative. Nonetheless, relatively low induction of COL1A2 and ELN encouraged search for additional biomarkers. TGFB2 mRNA induction, important for osteogenic commitment, was readily quantifiable in both hBM-MSC and hAT-MSC. Combined with DCN, TGFB2 mRNA induction data provided discriminatory power for resolving donor-specific heterogeneity. Histomorphometric decorin and TGF-β2 protein expression patterns in eight-week heterotopic bone implants also discriminated the two non-bone-forming hMSC. We highlight progress towards prompt osteogenic potency assays, needed by current clinical trials to accelerate improved intervention with enhanced stem cell therapy for serious bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin M. Ofiteru
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.F.B.); (M.I.)
| | - Diana F. Becheru
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.F.B.); (M.I.)
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sami Gharbia
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Cornel Balta
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Hildegard Herman
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Bianca Mladin
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.F.B.); (M.I.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Jorge S. Burns
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.F.B.); (M.I.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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19
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Bombelli S, Meregalli C, Grasselli C, Bolognesi MM, Bruno A, Eriani S, Torsello B, De Marco S, Bernasconi DP, Zucchini N, Mazzola P, Bianchi C, Grasso M, Albini A, Cattoretti G, Perego RA. PKH high/CD133+/CD24- Renal Stem-Like Cells Isolated from Human Nephrospheres Exhibit In Vitro Multipotency. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081805. [PMID: 32751333 PMCID: PMC7465083 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism upon which human kidneys undergo regeneration is debated, though different lineage-tracing mouse models have tried to explain the cellular types and the mechanisms involved. Different sources of human renal progenitors have been proposed, but it is difficult to argue whether these populations have the same capacities that have been described in mice. Using the nephrosphere (NS) model, we isolated the quiescent population of adult human renal stem-like PKHhigh/CD133+/CD24− cells (RSC). The aim of this study was to deepen the RSC in vitro multipotency capacity. RSC, not expressing endothelial markers, generated secondary nephrospheres containing CD31+/vWf+ cells and cytokeratin positive cells, indicating the coexistence of endothelial and epithelial commitment. RSC cultured on decellularized human renal scaffolds generated endothelial structures together with the proximal and distal tubular structures. CD31+ endothelial committed progenitors sorted from nephrospheres generated spheroids with endothelial-like sprouts in Matrigel. We also demonstrated the double commitment toward endothelial and epithelial lineages of single RSC. The ability of the plastic RSC population to recapitulate the development of tubular epithelial and endothelial renal lineages makes these cells a good tool for the creation of organoids with translational relevance for studying the parenchymal and endothelial cell interactions and developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.P.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-6448-8303 (R.A.P.); +39-02-6448-8326 (S.B.)
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Grasselli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Maddalena M. Bolognesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Stefano Eriani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Davide P. Bernasconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Pathology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Paolo Mazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Geriatric Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Grasso
- Urology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Pathology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Roberto A. Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.P.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-6448-8303 (R.A.P.); +39-02-6448-8326 (S.B.)
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20
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Chang X, Xing L, Wang Y, Zhou TJ, Shen LJ, Jiang HL. Nanoengineered immunosuppressive therapeutics modulating M1/M2 macrophages into the balanced status for enhanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapy. Nanoscale 2020; 12:8664-8678. [PMID: 32227023 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment in clinic for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a challenge due to low drug accumulation in lungs and imbalanced polarization of pro/anti-inflammatory macrophages (M1/M2 macrophages). Herein, a novel endogenous cell-targeting nanoplatform (PNCE) is developed for enhanced IPF treatment efficacy through modulating M1/M2 macrophages into the balanced status to suppress fibroblast over-activation. Notably, PNCE loaded with nintedanib (NIN) and colchicine (COL) can firstly target endogenous monocyte-derived multipotent cells (MOMCs) and then be effectively delivered into IPF lungs due to the homing ability of MOMCs, and detached sensitively from MOMCs by matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) over-expressed in IPF lungs. After PNCE selectively accumulated within fibrosis foci, COL can mildly modulate the polarization of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages to balance innate immune responses, which can enhance the suppressing effect of NIN on fibroblast activation, further improving the IPF therapy. Altogether, PNCE has two collaborative steps including the inhibition of innate immune responses accompanied by the decrease of fibroblast populations in IPF lungs, achieving a stronger and excellent anti-fibrotic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. This endogenous cell-based engineered liposomal nanoplatform not only allows therapeutic drugs to take effect selectively in vivo, but also provides an alternative strategy for an enhanced curative effect by modulating innate immune responses in IPF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, China.
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21
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Chiloff DM, de Almeida DC, Dalboni MA, Canziani ME, George SK, Morsi AM, El-Akabawy N, Porada CD, Durao MS, Zarjou A, Almeida-Porada G, Goes MA. Soluble Fas affects erythropoiesis in vitro and acts as a potential predictor of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F861-F869. [PMID: 32003597 PMCID: PMC7474254 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00433.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum soluble Fas (sFas) levels are associated with erythropoietin (Epo) hyporesponsiveness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether sFas could predict the need for erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) usage and its influence in erythropoiesis remain unclear. We evaluated the relation between sFas and ESA therapy in patients with CKD with anemia and its effect on erythropoiesis in vitro. First, we performed a retrospective cohort study with 77 anemic patients with nondialysis CKD. We performed in vitro experiments to investigate whether sFas could interfere with the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs were isolated from umbilical cord blood and incubated with recombinant sFas protein in a dose-dependent manner. Serum sFas positively correlated with Epo levels (r = 0.30, P = 0.001) but negatively with hemoglobin (r = -0.55, P < 0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.58, P < 0.001) in patients with CKD at baseline. Elevated sFas serum levels (4,316 ± 897 vs. 2,776 ± 749, P < 0.001) with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (26.2 ± 10.1 vs. 33.5 ± 14.3, P = 0.01) and reduced hemoglobin concentration (11.1 ± 0.9 vs. 12.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.001) were identified in patients who required ESA therapy compared with patients with non-ESA. Afterward, we detected that the sFas level was slight correlated with a necessity of ESA therapy in patients with nondialysis CKD and anemia. In vitro assays demonstrated that the erythroid progenitor cell frequency negatively correlated with sFas concentration (r = -0.72, P < 0.001). There was decreased erythroid colony formation in vitro when CD34+ HSCs were incubated with a higher concentration of sFas protein (1.56 ± 0.29, 4.33 ± 0.53, P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that sFas is a potential predictor for ESA therapy in patients with nondialysis CKD and that elevated sFas could affect erythropoiesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria A Dalboni
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sunil K George
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Nadia El-Akabawy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Angelo Goes
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
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22
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Zyuz'kov GN, Miroshnichenko LA, Polyakova TY, Stavrova LA, Simanina EV, Zhdanov VV. Specific Roles of JAKs and STAT3 in Functions of Neural Stem Cells and Committed Neuronal Progenitors during Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:356-360. [PMID: 31938906 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peculiar roles of JAKs and STAT3 in realization of growth potential of various types of progenitor cells in neural tissue were examined during ethanol-induced neurodegeneration modeled both in vitro and in vivo. During in vitro action of C2H5OH, these signal molecules exerted the opposite effects on mitotic activity of multipotent neural stem cells and committed neural progenitors (the clonogenic PSA-NCAM+ cells). The JAKs and STAT3 inhibitors down-regulated the rate of neural stem cell division (proliferative activity) but up-regulated such activity of the committed neural progenitors. A long-term in vivo exposure of mice to ethanol inversed the roles of JAKs and STAT3 in determination of proliferative status of neural stem cells and eliminated involvement of JAKs in functional control over the committed progenitors of neurons. The data attest to much promise of STAT3 inhibitors in treatment of ethanol-induced CNS diseases as the remedies that stimulate realization of growth potential in multipotent neural stem cells and committed neural progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Zyuz'kov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - L A Miroshnichenko
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T Yu Polyakova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Stavrova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E V Simanina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V V Zhdanov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
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23
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Cheung M, Tai A, Lu PJ, Cheah KS. Acquisition of multipotent and migratory neural crest cells in vertebrate evolution. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:84-90. [PMID: 31470291 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multipotent and migratory neural crest (NC) cells defines a key evolutionary transition from invertebrates to vertebrates. Studies in vertebrates have identified a complex gene regulatory network that governs sequential stages of NC ontogeny. Comparative analysis has revealed extensive conservation of the overall architecture of the NC gene regulatory network between jawless and jawed vertebrates. Among invertebrates, urochordates express putative NC gene homologs in the neural plate border region, but these NC-like cells do not have migratory capacity, whereas cephalochordates contain no NC cells but its genome contains most homologs of vertebrate NC genes. Whether the absence of migratory NC cells in invertebrates is due to differences in enhancer elements or an intrinsic limitation in potency remains unclear. We provide a brief overview of mechanisms that might explain how ancestral NC-like cells acquired the multipotency and migratory capacity seen in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew Tai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Jianning Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn Se Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Zheng Z, Li C, Ha P, Chang GX, Yang P, Zhang X, Kim JK, Jiang W, Pang X, Berthiaume EA, Mills Z, Haveles CS, Chen E, Ting K, Soo C. CDKN2B upregulation prevents teratoma formation in multipotent fibromodulin-reprogrammed cells. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3236-3251. [PMID: 31305260 PMCID: PMC6668700 DOI: 10.1172/jci125015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenicity is a well-documented risk to overcome for pluripotent or multipotent cell applications in regenerative medicine. To address the emerging demand for safe cell sources in tissue regeneration, we established a novel, protein-based reprogramming method that does not require genome integration or oncogene activation to yield multipotent fibromodulin (FMOD)-reprogrammed (FReP) cells from dermal fibroblasts. When compared with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), FReP cells exhibited a superior capability for bone and skeletal muscle regeneration with markedly less tumorigenic risk. Moreover, we showed that the decreased tumorigenicity of FReP cells was directly related to an upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) expression during the FMOD reprogramming process. Indeed, sustained suppression of CDKN2B resulted in tumorigenic, pluripotent FReP cells that formed teratomas in vivo that were indistinguishable from iPSC-derived teratomas. These results highlight the pivotal role of CDKN2B in cell fate determination and tumorigenic regulation and reveal an alternative pluripotent/multipotent cell reprogramming strategy that solely uses FMOD protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Grace X. Chang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Jong Kil Kim
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Wenlu Jiang
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Zane Mills
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and
| | | | - Eric Chen
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Kang Ting
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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25
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Liu L, Alizadeh K, Donnelly SC, Dassanayake P, Hou TT, McGirr R, Thompson RT, Prato FS, Gelman N, Hoffman L, Goldhawk DE. MagA expression attenuates iron export activity in undifferentiated multipotent P19 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217842. [PMID: 31170273 PMCID: PMC6553743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality used in longitudinal cell tracking. Previous studies suggest that MagA, a putative iron transport protein from magnetotactic bacteria, is a useful gene-based magnetic resonance contrast agent. Hemagglutinin-tagged MagA was stably expressed in undifferentiated embryonic mouse teratocarcinoma, multipotent P19 cells to provide a suitable model for tracking these cells during differentiation. Western blot and immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression and membrane localization of MagA in P19 cells. Surprisingly, elemental iron analysis using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed significant iron uptake in both parental and MagA-expressing P19 cells, cultured in the presence of iron-supplemented medium. Withdrawal of this extracellular iron supplement revealed unexpected iron export activity in P19 cells, which MagA expression attenuated. The influence of iron supplementation on parental and MagA-expressing cells was not reflected by longitudinal relaxation rates. Measurement of transverse relaxation rates (R2* and R2) reflected changes in total cellular iron content but did not clearly distinguish MagA-expressing cells from the parental cell type, despite significant differences in the uptake and retention of total cellular iron. Unlike other cell types, the reversible component R2′ (R2* ‒ R2) provided only a moderately strong correlation to amount of cellular iron, normalized to amount of protein. This is the first report to characterize MagA expression in a previously unrecognized iron exporting cell type. The interplay between contrast gene expression and systemic iron metabolism substantiates the potential for diverting cellular iron toward the formation of a novel iron compartment, however rudimentary when using a single magnetotactic bacterial gene expression system like magA. Since relatively few mammalian cells export iron, the P19 cell line provides a tractable model of ferroportin activity, suitable for magnetic resonance analysis of key iron-handling activities and their influence on gene-based MRI contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Liu
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kobra Alizadeh
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah C. Donnelly
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Praveen Dassanayake
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tian Tian Hou
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca McGirr
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Terry Thompson
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank S. Prato
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Gelman
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoffman
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna E. Goldhawk
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Koliakou I, Gounari E, Nerantzaki M, Pavlidou E, Bikiaris D, Kaloyianni M, Koliakos G. Differentiation Capacity of Monocyte-Derived Multipotential Cells on Nanocomposite Poly(e-caprolactone)-Based Thin Films. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:161-175. [PMID: 30989043 PMCID: PMC6439045 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Μonocyte-derived multipotential cells (MOMCs) include progenitors capable of differentiation into multiple cell lineages and thus represent an ideal autologous transplantable cell source for regenerative medicine. In this study, we cultured MOMCs, generated from mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, on the surface of nanocomposite thin films. Methods For this purpose, nanocomposite Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)-based thin films containing either 2.5 wt% silica nanotubes (SiO2ntbs) or strontium hydroxyapatite nanorods (SrHAnrds), were prepared using the spin-coating method. The induced differentiation capacity of MOMCs, towards bone and endothelium, was estimated using flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy after cells' genetic modification using the Sleeping Beauty Transposon System aiming their observation onto the scaffolds. Moreover, Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells were cultivated as a control cell line, while Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells were used to strengthen and accelerate the differentiation procedure in semi-permeable culture systems. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the studied materials was checked with MTT assay. Results The highest differentiation capacity of MOMCs was observed on PCL/SiO2ntbs 2.5 wt% nanocomposite film, as they progressively lost their native markers and gained endothelial lineage, in both protein and transcriptional level. In addition, the presence of SrHAnrds in the PCL matrix triggered processes related to osteoblast bone formation. Conclusion To conclude, the differentiation of MOMCs was selectively guided by incorporating SiO2ntbs or SrHAnrds into a polymeric matrix, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iro Koliakou
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloníki, Greece
- Biohellenika Biotechnology Company, 65 Leoforos Georgikis Scholis, 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Eleni Gounari
- Biohellenika Biotechnology Company, 65 Leoforos Georgikis Scholis, 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Maria Nerantzaki
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloníki, Greece
- PHysico-Chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Martha Kaloyianni
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - George Koliakos
- Biohellenika Biotechnology Company, 65 Leoforos Georgikis Scholis, 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloníki, Greece
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27
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Teng YD. Functional Multipotency of Stem Cells and Recovery Neurobiology of Injured Spinal Cords. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:451-459. [PMID: 31134830 PMCID: PMC6628559 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719850088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This invited concise review was written for the special issue of Cell Transplantation to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair (ASNTR). I aimed to present a succinct summary of two interweaved lines of research work carried out by my team members and collaborators over the past decade. Since the middle of the 20th century, biomedical research has been driven overwhelmingly by molecular technology-based focal endeavors. Our investigative undertakings, however, were orchestrated to define and propose novel theoretical frameworks to enhance the field's ability to overcome complex neurological disorders. The effort has engendered two important academic concepts: Functional Multipotency of Stem Cells, and Recovery Neurobiology of Injured Spinal Cords. Establishing these theories was facilitated by academic insight gleaned from stem cell-based multimodal cross-examination studies using tactics of material science, systems neurobiology, glial biology, and neural oncology. It should be emphasized that the collegial environment cultivated by the mission of the ASNTR greatly promoted the efficacy of inter-laboratory collaborations. Notably, our findings have shed new light on fundamentals of stem cell biology and adult mammalian spinal cord neurobiology. Moreover, the novel academic leads have enabled determination of potential therapeutic targets to restore function for spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang D. Teng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical
School/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Charlestown, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, USA
- Division of SCI Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston,
USA
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28
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Guo L, Wang X, Yuan J, Zhu M, Fu X, Xu RH, Wu C, Wu Y. TSA restores hair follicle-inductive capacity of skin-derived precursors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2867. [PMID: 30814580 PMCID: PMC6393485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genesis of the hair follicle relies on signals derived from mesenchymal cells in the dermis during skin morphogenesis and regeneration. Multipotent skin-derived precursors (SKPs), which exhibit long term proliferation potential when being cultured in spheroids, have been shown to induce hair genesis and hair follicle regeneration in mice, implying a therapeutic potential of SKPs in hair follicle regeneration and bioengineering. However, the hair-inductive property of SKPs declines progressively upon ex vivo culture expansion, suggesting that the expressions of the genes responsible for hair induction are epigenetically unstable. In this study, we found that TSA markedly alleviated culture expansion induced SKP senescence, increased the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the cells and importantly restored the hair inductive capacity of SKPs. TSA increased the acetylation level of histone H3, including the K19/14 sites in the promoter regions of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) genes, which were associated with elevated gene expression and BMP signaling activity, suggesting a potential attribution of BMP pathway in TSA induced recovery of the hair inductive capacity of SKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jifan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meishu Zhu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- University of Macau, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
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29
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Chiarella E, Aloisio A, Scicchitano S, Lucchino V, Montalcini Y, Galasso O, Greco M, Gasparini G, Mesuraca M, Bond HM, Morrone G. ZNF521 Represses Osteoblastic Differentiation in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124095. [PMID: 30567301 PMCID: PMC6321315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal cells that can differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. During osteoblastogenesis, the osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into mature osteoblasts and synthesize bone matrix components. Zinc finger protein 521 (ZNF521/Zfp521) is a transcription co-factor implicated in the regulation of hematopoietic, neural, and mesenchymal stem cells, where it has been shown to inhibit adipogenic differentiation. The present study is aimed at determining the effects of ZNF521 on the osteoblastic differentiation of hADSCs to clarify whether it can influence their osteogenic commitment. The enforced expression or silencing of ZNF521 in hADSCs was achieved by lentiviral vector transduction. Cells were cultured in a commercial osteogenic medium for up to 20 days. The ZNF521 enforced expression significantly reduced osteoblast development as assessed by the morphological and molecular criteria, resulting in reduced levels of collagen I, alkaline phosphatase, osterix, osteopontin, and calcium deposits. Conversely, ZNF521 silencing, in response to osteoblastic stimuli, induced a significant increase in early molecular markers of osteogenesis and, at later stages, a remarkable enhancement of matrix mineralization. Together with our previous findings, these results show that ZNF521 inhibits both adipocytic and osteoblastic maturation in hADSCs and suggest that its expression may contribute to maintaining the immature properties of hADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Chiarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany.
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Olimpio Galasso
- Department of Orthopedic & Trauma Surgery, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Manfredi Greco
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gasparini
- Department of Orthopedic & Trauma Surgery, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Heather M Bond
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, University "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
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30
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Malouf C, Ottersbach K. The fetal liver lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor provides the prerequisites for the initiation of t(4;11) MLL-AF4 infant leukemia. Haematologica 2018; 103:e571-e574. [PMID: 29903765 PMCID: PMC6269304 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.191718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malouf
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
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31
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Nakagawa MM, Davis H, Rathinam CV. A20 deficiency in multipotent progenitors perturbs quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 33:199-205. [PMID: 30445411 PMCID: PMC6919550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signals have been shown to play a critical role in controlling the maintenance and functions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While the significance of inflammation in hematopoiesis has begun to unfold, molecular mechanisms and players that govern this mode of HSC regulation remain largely unknown. The E3 ubiquitin ligase A20 has been considered as a central gatekeeper of inflammation. Here, we have specifically depleted A20 in multi-potent progenitors (MPPs) and studied its impact on hematopoiesis. Our data suggest that lack of A20 in Flt3+ progenitors causes modest alterations in hematopoietic differentiation. Analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pool revealed alterations in HSPC subsets including, HSCs, MPP1, MPP2, MPP3 and MPP4. Interestingly, A20 deficiency in MPPs caused loss of HSC quiescence and compromised long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Mechanistic studies identified that A20 deficiency caused elevated levels of Interferon-γ signaling and downregulation of p57 in HSCs. In essence, these studies identified A20 as a key regulator of HSC quiescence and cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Marshall Nakagawa
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W 168th street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Harry Davis
- Institute of Human Virology, 725 W Lombard Street, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Chozha Vendan Rathinam
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W 168th street, New York, NY 10032, United States; Institute of Human Virology, 725 W Lombard Street, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, 725 W Lombard Street, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 725 W Lombard Street, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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32
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Diacou R, Zhao Y, Zheng D, Cvekl A, Liu W. Six3 and Six6 Are Jointly Required for the Maintenance of Multipotent Retinal Progenitors through Both Positive and Negative Regulation. Cell Rep 2018; 25:2510-2523.e4. [PMID: 30485816 PMCID: PMC6317371 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene regulation of multipotent neuroretinal progenitors is partially understood. Through characterizing Six3 and Six6 double knockout retinas (DKOs), we demonstrate Six3 and Six6 are jointly required for the maintenance of multipotent neuroretinal progenitors. Phenotypes in DKOs were not found in either Six3 nulls or Six6 nulls. At the far periphery, ciliary margin (CM) markers Otx1 and Cdon together with Wnt3a and Fzd1 were ectopically upregulated, whereas neuroretinal progenitor markers Sox2, Notch1, and Otx2 were absent or reduced. At the mid periphery, multi-lineage differentiation was defective. The gene set jointly regulated by Six3 and Six6 significantly overlapped with the gene networks regulated by WNT3A, CTNNB1, POU4F2, or SOX2. Stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by either Wnt-3a or a GS3Kβ inhibitor promoted CM progenitors at the cost of neuroretinal identity at the periphery of eyecups. Therefore, Six3 and Six6 together directly or indirectly suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling but promote retinogenic factors for the maintenance of multipotent neuroretinal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven Diacou
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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Vogel MAA, Jocken JWE, Sell H, Hoebers N, Essers Y, Rouschop KMA, Cajlakovic M, Blaak EE, Goossens GH. Differences in Upper and Lower Body Adipose Tissue Oxygen Tension Contribute to the Adipose Tissue Phenotype in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3688-3697. [PMID: 30020463 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Upper and lower body adipose tissue (AT) exhibits opposing associations with obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies have suggested that altered AT oxygen tension (pO2) may contribute to AT dysfunction. Here, we compared in vivo abdominal (ABD) and femoral (FEM) subcutaneous AT pO2 in women who are overweight and have obesity, and investigated the effects of physiological AT pO2 on human adipocyte function. DESIGN ABD and FEM subcutaneous AT pO2 and AT blood flow (ATBF) were assessed in eight [BMI (body mass index) 34.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2] postmenopausal women who were overweight with obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. ABD and FEM AT biopsy specimens were collected to determine adipocyte morphology and AT gene expression. Moreover, the effects of prolonged exposure (14 days) to physiological AT pO2 on adipokine expression/secretion, mitochondrial respiration, and glucose uptake were investigated in differentiated human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells. RESULTS AT pO2 was higher in ABD than FEM AT (62.7 ± 6.6 vs 50.0 ± 4.5 mm Hg, P = 0.013), whereas ATBF was comparable between depots. Maximal uncoupled oxygen consumption rates were substantially lower in ABD than FEM adipocytes for all pO2 conditions. Low physiological pO2 (5% O2) decreased proinflammatory gene expression, increased basal glucose uptake, and altered adipokine secretion in ABD and FEM adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that AT pO2 is higher in ABD than FEM subcutaneous AT in women who are overweight/with obesity, partly due to a lower oxygen consumption rate in ABD adipocytes. Moreover, low physiological pO2 decreased proinflammatory gene expression and improved the metabolic phenotype in differentiated human adipocytes, whereas more heterogeneous effects on adipokine secretion were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A A Vogel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Henrike Sell
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Hoebers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Essers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kasper M A Rouschop
- Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Laboratory, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Merima Cajlakovic
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, MATERIALS-Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonic, Sensors and Functional Printing, Weiz, Austria
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Al-Jaibaji O, Swioklo S, Gijbels K, Vaes B, Figueiredo FC, Connon CJ. Alginate encapsulated multipotent adult progenitor cells promote corneal stromal cell activation via release of soluble factors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202118. [PMID: 30192833 PMCID: PMC6128465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the increasing need for corneal transplantation, attempts are currently aiming to restore corneal clarity, one potent source of cells are multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC®). These cells release a powerful cocktail of paracrine factors that can guide wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, their role in corneal regeneration has been overlooked. Thus, we sought to explore the potential of combining the cytoprotective storage feature of alginate, with MAPC to generate a storable cell-laden gel for corneal wound healing. 72 hours following hypothermic storage, alginate encapsulation was shown to maintain MAPC viability at either 4 or 15°C. Encapsulated MAPC (2 x106 cells/mL) stored at 15°C presented the optimum temperature that allowed for cell recovery. These cells had the ability to reattach to tissue culture plastic whilst exhibiting normal phenotype and this was maintained in serum-free and xenobiotic-free medium. Furthermore, corneal stromal cells presented a significant decrease in scratch-wounds in the presence of alginate encapsulated MAPC compared to a no-cell control (p = 0.018). This study shows that immobilization of MAPC within an alginate hydrogel does not hinder their ability to affect a secondary cell population via soluble factors and that these effects are successfully retained following hypothermic storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olla Al-Jaibaji
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Swioklo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Che J. Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Zhao R, Liu D, Deng W, Xu G, Liu W, Rong J, Long X, Ge J, Shi B. Exosomes Derived from miR-214-Enriched Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Oxidative Damage in Cardiac Stem Cells by Targeting CaMKII. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:4971261. [PMID: 30159114 PMCID: PMC6109555 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4971261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising stem cells for cardiac protection. Recently, exosomes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been found to facilitate cell proliferation and survival by transporting various bioactive molecules, including microRNAs (miRs). In this study, we found that BMSC-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) significantly decreased apoptosis rates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in CSCs after oxidative stress injury. Moreover, a stronger effect was induced by exosomes collected from BMSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions (Hypoxic-exos) than those collected from BMSCs cultured under normal conditions (Nor-exos). We also observed greater miR-214 enrichment in Hypoxic-exos than in Nor-exos. In addition, a miR-214 inhibitor or mimics added to modulate miR-214 levels in BMSC-exos revealed that exosomes from miR-214-depleted BMSCs partially reversed the effects of hypoxia-induced exosomes on oxidative damage in CSCs. These data further confirmed that miR-214 is the main effector molecule in BMSC-exos that protects CSCs from oxidative damage. miR-214 mimic and inhibitor transfection assays verified that CaMKII is a target gene of miR-214 in CSCs, with exosome-pretreated CSCs exhibiting increased miR-214 levels but decreased CaMKII levels. Therefore, the miR-214/CaMKII axis regulates oxidative stress-related injury in CSCs, such as apoptosis, calcium homeostasis disequilibrium, and excessive ROS accumulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that BMSCs release miR-214-containing exosomes to suppress oxidative stress injury in CSCs through CaMKII silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ranzun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Debin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou Glory Hospital, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Guanxue Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jidong Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xianping Long
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
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Peters-Hall JR, Coquelin ML, Torres MJ, LaRanger R, Alabi BR, Sho S, Calva-Moreno JF, Thomas PJ, Shay JW. Long-term culture and cloning of primary human bronchial basal cells that maintain multipotent differentiation capacity and CFTR channel function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L313-L327. [PMID: 29722564 PMCID: PMC6139663 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00355.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While primary cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF human bronchial epithelial basal cells (HBECs) accurately represent in vivo phenotypes, one barrier to their wider use has been a limited ability to clone and expand cells in sufficient numbers to produce rare genotypes using genome-editing tools. Recently, conditional reprogramming of cells (CRC) with a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor and culture on an irradiated fibroblast feeder layer resulted in extension of the life span of HBECs, but differentiation capacity and CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function decreased as a function of passage. This report details modifications to the standard HBEC CRC protocol (Mod CRC), including the use of bronchial epithelial cell growth medium, instead of F medium, and 2% O2, instead of 21% O2, that extend HBEC life span while preserving multipotent differentiation capacity and CFTR function. Critically, Mod CRC conditions support clonal growth of primary HBECs from a single cell, and the resulting clonal HBEC population maintains multipotent differentiation capacity, including CFTR function, permitting gene editing of these cells. As a proof-of-concept, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and cloning were used to introduce insertions/deletions in CFTR exon 11. Mod CRC conditions overcome many barriers to the expanded use of HBECs for basic research and drug screens. Importantly, Mod CRC conditions support the creation of isogenic cell lines in which CFTR is mutant or wild-type in the same genetic background with no history of CF to enable determination of the primary defects of mutant CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Peters-Hall
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Melissa L Coquelin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael J Torres
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryan LaRanger
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Busola R Alabi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Sei Sho
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Jose F Calva-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Philip J Thomas
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
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Irons RF, Cahill KW, Rattigan DA, Marcotte JH, Fromer MW, Chang S, Zhang P, Behling EM, Behling KC, Caputo FJ. Acceleration of diabetic wound healing with adipose-derived stem cells, endothelial-differentiated stem cells, and topical conditioned medium therapy in a swine model. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:115S-125S. [PMID: 29753580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), endothelial-differentiated ASCs (EC/ASCs), and various conditioned media (CM) on wound healing in a diabetic swine model. We hypothesized that ASC-based therapies would accelerate wound healing. METHODS Diabetes was induced in four Yorkshire swine through intravenous injection of streptozotocin. ASCs were harvested from flank fat and cultured in either M199 or EGM-2 medium. A duplicate series of seven full-thickness dorsal wounds were surgically created on each swine. The wounds in the cellular treatment group underwent injection of low-dose or high-dose ASCs or EC/ASCs on day 0, with a repeat injection of one half of the initial dose on day 15. Wounds assigned to the topical CM therapy were covered with 2 mL of either serum-free M199 primed by ASCs or human umbilical vein endothelial cells every 3 days. Wounds were assessed at day 0, 10, 15, 20, and 28. The swine were sacrificed on day 28. ImageJ software was used to evaluate the percentage of wound healing. The wounded skin underwent histologic, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay examinations to evaluate markers of angiogenesis and inflammation. RESULTS We found an increase in the percentage of wound closure rates in cell-based treatments and topical therapies at various points compared with the untreated control wounds (P < .05). The results from the histologic, messenger RNA, and protein analyses suggested the treated wounds displayed increased angiogenesis and a diminished inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Cellular therapy with ASCs, EC/ASCs, and topical CM accelerated diabetic wound healing in the swine model. Enhanced angiogenesis and immunomodulation might be key contributors to this process.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/cytology
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/transplantation
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Multipotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Multipotent Stem Cells/transplantation
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phenotype
- Skin/blood supply
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/injuries
- Skin/metabolism
- Sus scrofa
- Time Factors
- Wound Healing/drug effects
- Wounds, Penetrating/etiology
- Wounds, Penetrating/metabolism
- Wounds, Penetrating/pathology
- Wounds, Penetrating/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F Irons
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
| | - Kevin W Cahill
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
| | | | | | - Marc W Fromer
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
| | - Shaohua Chang
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
| | - Eric M Behling
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
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Blázquez R, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Álvarez V, Matilla E, Hernández N, Marinaro F, Gómez-Serrano M, Jorge I, Casado JG, Macías-García B. Murine embryos exposed to human endometrial MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit higher VEGF/PDGF AA release, increased blastomere count and hatching rates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196080. [PMID: 29684038 PMCID: PMC5912768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (endMSCs) are multipotent cells with immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative activity which is mainly mediated by a paracrine effect. The exosomes released by MSCs have become a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. More specifically, extracellular vesicles derived from endMSCs (EV-endMSCs) have demonstrated a cardioprotective effect through the release of anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic factors. Here we hypothesize that EV-endMSCs may be used as a co-adjuvant to improve in vitro fertilization outcomes and embryo quality. Firstly, endMSCs and EV-endMSCs were isolated and phenotypically characterized for in vitro assays. Then, in vitro studies were performed on murine embryos co-cultured with EV-endMSCs at different concentrations. Our results firstly demonstrated a significant increase on the total blastomere count of expanded murine blastocysts. Moreover, EV-endMSCs triggered the release of pro-angiogenic molecules from embryos demonstrating an EV-endMSCs concentration-dependent increase of VEGF and PDGF-AA. The release of VEGF and PDGF-AA by the embryos may indicate that the beneficial effect of EV-endMSCs could be mediating not only an increase in the blastocyst’s total cell number, but also may promote endometrial angiogenesis, vascularization, differentiation and tissue remodeling. In summary, these results could be relevant for assisted reproduction being the first report describing the beneficial effect of human EV-endMSCs on embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Blázquez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Álvarez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elvira Matilla
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nuria Hernández
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Federica Marinaro
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Jorge
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier G. Casado
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Beatriz Macías-García
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
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Kamei H, Yoneyama Y, Hakuno F, Sawada R, Shimizu T, Duan C, Takahashi SI. Catch-Up Growth in Zebrafish Embryo Requires Neural Crest Cells Sustained by Irs1 Signaling. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1547-1560. [PMID: 29390112 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most animals display retarded growth in adverse conditions; however, upon the removal of unfavorable factors, they often show quick growth restoration, which is known as "catch-up" growth. In zebrafish embryos, hypoxia causes growth arrest, but subsequent reoxygenation induces catch-up growth. Here, we report the role of insulin receptor substrate (Irs)1-mediated insulin/insulinlike growth factor signaling (IIS) and the involvement of stem cells in catch-up growth in reoxygenated zebrafish embryos. Disturbed irs1 expression attenuated IIS, resulting in greater inhibition in catch-up growth than in normal growth and forced IIS activation‒restored catch-up growth. The irs1 knockdown induced noticeable cell death in neural crest cells (NCCs; multipotent stem cells) under hypoxia, and the pharmacological/genetic ablation of NCCs hindered catch-up growth. Furthermore, inhibition of the apoptotic pathway by pan-caspase inhibition or forced activation of Akt signaling in irs1 knocked-down embryos blocked NCC cell death and rescued catch-up growth. Our data indicate that this multipotent stem cell is indispensable for embryonic catch-up growth and that Irs1-mediated IIS is a prerequisite for its survival under severe adverse environments such as prolonged hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Kamei
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Noto Marine Laboratory, Noto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Sawada
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang Y, Pan X, Shi Z, Cai H, Gao Y, Zhang W. Sustained release of stem cell factor in a double network hydrogel for ex vivo culture of cord blood-derived CD34 + cells. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12407. [PMID: 29143396 PMCID: PMC6528907 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stem cell factor (SCF) is considered as a commonly indispensable cytokine for proliferation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which is used in large dosages during ex vivo culture. The work presented here aimed to reduce the consumption of SCF by sustained release but still support cells proliferation and maintain the multipotency of HSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stem cell factor was physically encapsulated within a hyaluronic acid/gelatin double network (HGDN) hydrogel to achieve a slow release rate. CD34+ cells were cultured within the SCF-loaded HGDN hydrogel for 14 days. The cell number, phenotype and functional capacity were investigated after culture. RESULTS The HGDN hydrogels had desirable properties and encapsulated SCF kept being released for more than 6 days. SCF remained the native bioactivity, and the proliferation of HSCs within the SCF-loaded HGDN hydrogel was not affected, although the consumption of SCF was only a quarter in comparison with the conventional culture. Moreover, CD34+ cells harvested from the SCF-loaded HGDN hydrogels generated more multipotent colony-forming units (CFU-GEMM). CONCLUSION The data suggested that the SCF-loaded HGDN hydrogel could support ex vivo culture of HSCs, thus providing a cost-effective culture protocol for HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Xiuwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Weian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
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Kropp PA, Dunn JC, Carboneau BA, Stoffers DA, Gannon M. Cooperative function of Pdx1 and Oc1 in multipotent pancreatic progenitors impacts postnatal islet maturation and adaptability. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E308-E321. [PMID: 29351489 PMCID: PMC5966755 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00260.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and onecut1 (Oc1) are coexpressed in multipotent pancreatic progenitors (MPCs), but their expression patterns diverge in hormone-expressing cells, with Oc1 expression being extinguished in the endocrine lineage and Pdx1 being maintained at high levels in β-cells. We previously demonstrated that cooperative function of these two factors in MPCs is necessary for proper specification and differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells. In those studies, we observed a persistent decrease in expression of the β-cell maturity factor MafA. We therefore hypothesized that Pdx1 and Oc1 cooperativity in MPCs impacts postnatal β-cell maturation and function. Here our model of Pdx1-Oc1 double heterozygosity was used to investigate the impact of haploinsufficiency for both of these factors on postnatal β-cell maturation, function, and adaptability. Examining mice at postnatal day (P) 14, we observed alterations in pancreatic insulin content in both Pdx1 heterozygotes and double heterozygotes. Gene expression analysis at this age revealed significantly decreased expression of many genes important for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (e.g., Glut2, Pcsk1/2, Abcc8) exclusively in double heterozygotes. Analysis of P14 islets revealed an increase in the number of mixed islets in double heterozygotes. We predicted that double-heterozygous β-cells would have an impaired ability to respond to stress. Indeed, we observed that β-cell proliferation fails to increase in double heterozygotes in response to either high-fat diet or placental lactogen. We thus report here the importance of cooperation between regulatory factors early in development for postnatal islet maturation and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Kropp
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer C Dunn
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bethany A Carboneau
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Doris A Stoffers
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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Babenko VA, Silachev DN, Popkov VA, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Plotnikov EY, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Miro1 Enhances Mitochondria Transfer from Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MMSC) to Neural Cells and Improves the Efficacy of Cell Recovery. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030687. [PMID: 29562677 PMCID: PMC6017474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently discovered key role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondrial traffic has opened a wide alley for studying the interactions between cells, including stem cells. Since its discovery in 2006, intercellular mitochondria transport has been intensively studied in different cellular models as a basis for cell therapy, since the potential of replacing malfunctioning organelles appears to be very promising. In this study, we explored the transfer of mitochondria from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSC) to neural cells and analyzed its efficacy under normal conditions and upon induction of mitochondrial damage. We found that mitochondria were transferred from the MMSC to astrocytes in a more efficient manner when the astrocytes were exposed to ischemic damage associated with elevated ROS levels. Such transport of mitochondria restored the bioenergetics of the recipient cells and stimulated their proliferation. The introduction of MMSC with overexpressed Miro1 in animals that had undergone an experimental stroke led to significantly improved recovery of neurological functions. Our data suggest that mitochondrial impairment in differentiated cells can be compensated by receiving healthy mitochondria from MMSC. We demonstrate a key role of Miro1, which promotes the mitochondrial transfer from MMSC and suggest that the genetic modification of stem cells can improve the therapies for the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Babenko
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis N Silachev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vasily A Popkov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ljubava D Zorova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina B Pevzner
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of obstetrics, gynecology, perinatology and reproduction, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Di Liddo R, Bertalot T, Borean A, Pirola I, Argentoni A, Schrenk S, Cenzi C, Capelli S, Conconi MT, Parnigotto PP. Leucocyte and Platelet-rich Fibrin: a carrier of autologous multipotent cells for regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1840-1854. [PMID: 29314633 PMCID: PMC5824368 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing is a complex process wherein inflammation, proliferation and regeneration evolve according to a spatio-temporal pattern from the activation of coagulation cascade to the formation of a plug clot including fibrin matrix, blood-borne cells and cytokines/growth factors. Creating environments conducive to tissue repair, the haemoderivatives are commonly proposed for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds. Here, we explored in vitro the intrinsic regenerative potentialities of a leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin product, known as CPL-MB, defining the stemness grade of cells sprouting from the haemoderivative. Using highly concentrated serum-based medium to simulate wound conditions, we isolated fibroblast-like cells (CPL-CMCs) adhering to plastic and showing stable in vitro propagation, heterogeneous stem cell expression pattern, endothelial adhesive properties and immunomodulatory profile. Due to their blood derivation and expression of CXCR4, CPL-CMCs have been suggested to be immature cells circulating in peripheral blood at quiescent state until activation by both coagulation event and inflammatory stimuli such as stromal-derived factor 1/SDF1. Expressing integrins (CD49f, CD103), vascular adhesion molecules (CD106, CD166), endoglin (CD105) and remodelling matrix enzymes (MMP2, MMP9, MMP13), they showed a transendothelial migratory potential besides multipotency. Taken together, our data suggested that a standardized, reliable and economically feasible blood product such as CPL-MB functions as an artificial stem cell niche that, under permissive conditions, originate ex vivo immature cells that could be useful for autologous stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative MedicineTissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUSPadovaItaly
| | - Thomas Bertalot
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alessio Borean
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion MedicineSan Martino HospitalBellunoItaly
| | - Ivan Pirola
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion MedicineSan Martino HospitalBellunoItaly
| | - Alberto Argentoni
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative MedicineTissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUSPadovaItaly
| | - Sandra Schrenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Carola Cenzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of DrugsSapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Stefano Capelli
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion MedicineSan Martino HospitalBellunoItaly
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative MedicineTissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUSPadovaItaly
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative MedicineTissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUSPadovaItaly
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Carrelha J, Meng Y, Kettyle LM, Luis TC, Norfo R, Alcolea V, Boukarabila H, Grasso F, Gambardella A, Grover A, Högstrand K, Lord AM, Sanjuan-Pla A, Woll PS, Nerlov C, Jacobsen SEW. Hierarchically related lineage-restricted fates of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2018; 554:106-111. [PMID: 29298288 DOI: 10.1038/nature25455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rare multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in adult bone marrow with extensive self-renewal potential can efficiently replenish all myeloid and lymphoid blood cells, securing long-term multilineage reconstitution after physiological and clinical challenges such as chemotherapy and haematopoietic transplantations. HSC transplantation remains the only curative treatment for many haematological malignancies, but inefficient blood-lineage replenishment remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Single-cell transplantation has uncovered considerable heterogeneity among reconstituting HSCs, a finding that is supported by studies of unperturbed haematopoiesis and may reflect different propensities for lineage-fate decisions by distinct myeloid-, lymphoid- and platelet-biased HSCs. Other studies suggested that such lineage bias might reflect generation of unipotent or oligopotent self-renewing progenitors within the phenotypic HSC compartment, and implicated uncoupling of the defining HSC properties of self-renewal and multipotency. Here we use highly sensitive tracking of progenitors and mature cells of the megakaryocyte/platelet, erythroid, myeloid and B and T cell lineages, produced from singly transplanted HSCs, to reveal a highly organized, predictable and stable framework for lineage-restricted fates of long-term self-renewing HSCs. Most notably, a distinct class of HSCs adopts a fate towards effective and stable replenishment of a megakaryocyte/platelet-lineage tree but not of other blood cell lineages, despite sustained multipotency. No HSCs contribute exclusively to any other single blood-cell lineage. Single multipotent HSCs can also fully restrict towards simultaneous replenishment of megakaryocyte, erythroid and myeloid lineages without executing their sustained lymphoid lineage potential. Genetic lineage-tracing analysis also provides evidence for an important role of platelet-biased HSCs in unperturbed adult haematopoiesis. These findings uncover a limited repertoire of distinct HSC subsets, defined by a predictable and hierarchical propensity to adopt a fate towards replenishment of a restricted set of blood lineages, before loss of self-renewal and multipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carrelha
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Yiran Meng
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Laura M Kettyle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Tiago C Luis
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ruggiero Norfo
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Verónica Alcolea
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Hanane Boukarabila
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Francesca Grasso
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Adriana Gambardella
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Amit Grover
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Kari Högstrand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Allegra M Lord
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Alejandra Sanjuan-Pla
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Petter S Woll
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-141 86, Sweden
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Oliva-Olivera W, Moreno-Indias I, Coín-Aragüez L, Lhamyani S, Alcaide Torres J, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J, Camargo A, El Bekay R, Tinahones FJ. Different response to hypoxia of adipose-derived multipotent cells from obese subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188324. [PMID: 29166648 PMCID: PMC5699836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Multiple studies suggest that hypoxia, together with inflammation, could be one of the phenomena involved in the onset and progression of obesity-related insulin resistance. In addition, dysfunction of adipose tissue in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome is associated with decreased angiogenesis. However, some subjects with a high body mass index do not develop metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. The aim of the current study was to examine the neovascular properties of visceral adipose tissue-derived multipotent mesenchymal cells subjected to hypoxia (hypox-visASCs) from normal-weight subjects (Nw) and obese patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and without metabolic syndrome (NonMS). Methods This was a 2-year study to enroll subjects who underwent bariatric surgery or cholecystectomy. Eight patients who underwent either bariatric surgery or cholecystectomy (27 patients) participated in the study. Visceral adipose tissue samples from Nw, MS and NonMS subjects were processed by enzymatic digestion. VisASCs cultured under hypoxic conditions were characterized by tubule formation assay, ELISA, flow cytometry, migration rate, and qRT-PCR, and the effects of visASCs-conditioned medium on survival and endothelial cell tubule formation were evaluated. Results Hypox-visASCs from NonMS subjects showed a greater capacity for tubule formation than hypox-visASCs from Nw and MS subjects. The lower percentage of CD140b+/CD44+ and CD140b+/CD184+ cells observed in hypox-visASCs from NonMS subjects compared to MS subjects was accompanied not only by a lower migration rate from the chemotactic effects of stromal cell derived factor 1α, but also by lower levels of NOX5 mRNA expression. While the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mRNA expressed by hypox-visASCs correlated positively with the body mass index and waist circumference of the subjects, the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor present in hypox-visASC-conditioned culture medium decreased significantly with increasing plasma glucose. The survival rate and tubules formed by endothelial cells cultured in hypox-visASC-conditioned medium decreased significantly with increasing homeostasis model assessment to quantify insulin resistance. Conclusions Our results suggest that hypox-visASCs from NonMS subjects could promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, while hypox-visASCs from MS subjects appear to contribute to the decreased angiogenic potential and increased inflammation underlying adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Our results emphasize the importance of taking into account not only the BMI but also the metabolic profile of the subjects during the implementation of ASCs-based therapy to promote neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (FJT); (REB); (WOO)
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Coín-Aragüez
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Said Lhamyani
- Research Laboratory, Science School, University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Alcaide Torres
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovirai Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovirai Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (FJT); (REB); (WOO)
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (FJT); (REB); (WOO)
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Dovey OM, Cooper JL, Mupo A, Grove CS, Lynn C, Conte N, Andrews RM, Pacharne S, Tzelepis K, Vijayabaskar MS, Green P, Rad R, Arends M, Wright P, Yusa K, Bradley A, Varela I, Vassiliou GS. Molecular synergy underlies the co-occurrence patterns and phenotype of NPM1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2017; 130:1911-1922. [PMID: 28835438 PMCID: PMC5672315 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-760595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NPM1 mutations define the commonest subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and frequently co-occur with FLT3 internal tandem duplications (ITD) or, less commonly, NRAS or KRAS mutations. Co-occurrence of mutant NPM1 with FLT3-ITD carries a significantly worse prognosis than NPM1-RAS combinations. To understand the molecular basis of these observations, we compare the effects of the 2 combinations on hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis in knock-in mice. Early effects of these mutations on hematopoiesis show that compound Npm1cA/+;NrasG12D/+ or Npm1cA;Flt3ITD share a number of features: Hox gene overexpression, enhanced self-renewal, expansion of hematopoietic progenitors, and myeloid differentiation bias. However, Npm1cA;Flt3ITD mutants displayed significantly higher peripheral leukocyte counts, early depletion of common lymphoid progenitors, and a monocytic bias in comparison with the granulocytic bias in Npm1cA/+;NrasG12D/+ mutants. Underlying this was a striking molecular synergy manifested as a dramatically altered gene expression profile in Npm1cA;Flt3ITD , but not Npm1cA/+;NrasG12D/+ , progenitors compared with wild-type. Both double-mutant models developed high-penetrance AML, although latency was significantly longer with Npm1cA/+;NrasG12D/+ During AML evolution, both models acquired additional copies of the mutant Flt3 or Nras alleles, but only Npm1cA/+;NrasG12D/+ mice showed acquisition of other human AML mutations, including IDH1 R132Q. We also find, using primary Cas9-expressing AMLs, that Hoxa genes and selected interactors or downstream targets are required for survival of both types of double-mutant AML. Our results show that molecular complementarity underlies the higher frequency and significantly worse prognosis associated with NPM1c/FLT3-ITD vs NPM1/NRAS-G12D-mutant AML and functionally confirm the role of HOXA genes in NPM1c-driven AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Dovey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan L Cooper
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Mupo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn S Grove
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- PathWest Division of Clinical Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Claire Lynn
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Conte
- Sample Phenotype Ontology Team, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Andrews
- Institute of Translation, Innovation, Methodology, and Engagement, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Suruchi Pacharne
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Tzelepis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M S Vijayabaskar
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Green
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Rad
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Arends
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Wright
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
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Duan W, Haque M, Kearney MT, Lopez MJ. Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:592-603. [PMID: 28877641 PMCID: PMC5653142 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption varies among bone diseases. This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. Passage 3 ASCs were loaded onto scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor, and constructs were cultured up to 28 days. Cell viability, gene expression (alkaline phosphatase [ALPL], osteoprotegerin [TNFRSF11B], osteocalcin [BGLAP], cannabinoid receptors type I [CNR1] and II [CNR2], receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa β ligand [TNFSF11]), as well as ECM DNA, collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, and protein content were quantified. Matrix organization was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability were minimal. Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- 1 Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Masudul Haque
- 1 Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michael T Kearney
- 2 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- 1 Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Di Spigna G, Iannone M, Ladogana P, Salzano S, Ventre M, Covelli B, De Marinis E, Postiglione L. Human cardiac multipotent adult stem cells in 3D matrix: new approach of tissue engineering in cardiac regeneration post-infarction. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:911-921. [PMID: 29254293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. It causes a left ventricular dysfunction, mainly due to the loss of functional tissue, resulting in heart failure. New therapies are being developed, using a tissue engineering approach, with the ultimate goal of restoring cardiac function by regenerating and repairing the damaged myocardium. In the present study we investigated the behaviour of a specific population of c-kit positive human cardiac stem cells, called Multipotent Adult Stem Cells (MASCs), grown within three-dimensional collagen scaffolds (3D), to establish whether they could be used in post-infarction cardiac regeneration. We also evaluated the expression levels of the Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Receptor (GM-CSFR) and endoglin, a component of the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-ß) receptor complex. Finally, we also evaluated the expression of the α2β1integrin. MASCs cultured within 3D collagen matrices are able to proliferate and migrate even in the absence of chemotactic agents and express high levels of factors involved in cell proliferation and migration, such as GM-CSFRα chain and integrins. They therefore represent a promising approach to tissue engineering aimed to restore cardiac function. Our results also suggest a role of GM-CSF in cell proliferation, while TGF-β does not seem to be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Spigna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Iannone
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials. Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - P Ladogana
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Salzano
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology G. Salvatore (National Research Council), Naples, Italy
| | - M Ventre
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials. Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - B Covelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - E De Marinis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Postiglione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Gundry MC, Dever DP, Yudovich D, Bauer DE, Haas S, Wilkinson AC, Singbrant S. Technical considerations for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in hematology research. Exp Hematol 2017; 54:4-11. [PMID: 28757433 PMCID: PMC5603407 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients, fighting infections, and repairing tissue damage. Hematopoietic system dysfunction therefore causes a range of serious health consequences. Lifelong hematopoiesis is maintained by repopulating multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that replenish shorter-lived, mature blood cell types. A prokaryotic mechanism of immunity, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 nuclease system, has been recently "repurposed" to mutate mammalian genomes efficiently and in a sequence-specific manner. The application of this genome-editing technology to hematology has afforded new approaches for functional genomics and even the prospect of "correcting" dysfunctional HSCs in the treatment of serious genetic hematological diseases. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of three recent CRISPR/Cas9 methods in hematology: gene disruption, gene targeting, and saturating mutagenesis. We also summarize the technical considerations and advice provided during the May 2017 International Society of Experimental Hematology New Investigator Committee webinar on the same topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Gundry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - David Yudovich
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon Haas
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine and Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
| | - Sofie Singbrant
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Moad M, Hannezo E, Buczacki SJ, Wilson L, El-Sherif A, Sims D, Pickard R, Wright NA, Williamson SC, Turnbull DM, Taylor RW, Greaves L, Robson CN, Simons BD, Heer R. Multipotent Basal Stem Cells, Maintained in Localized Proximal Niches, Support Directed Long-Ranging Epithelial Flows in Human Prostates. Cell Rep 2017; 20:1609-1622. [PMID: 28813673 PMCID: PMC5565638 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic mitochondrial DNA mutations serve as clonal marks providing access to the identity and lineage potential of stem cells within human tissues. By combining quantitative clonal mapping with 3D reconstruction of adult human prostates, we show that multipotent basal stem cells, confined to discrete niches in juxta-urethral ducts, generate bipotent basal progenitors in directed epithelial migration streams. Basal progenitors are then dispersed throughout the entire glandular network, dividing and differentiating to replenish the loss of apoptotic luminal cells. Rare lineage-restricted luminal stem cells, and their progeny, are confined to proximal ducts and provide only minor contribution to epithelial homeostasis. In situ cell capture from clonal maps identified delta homolog 1 (DLK1) enrichment of basal stem cells, which was validated in functional spheroid assays. This study establishes significant insights into niche organization and function of prostate stem and progenitor cells, with implications for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moad
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Simon J Buczacki
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Laura Wilson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Amira El-Sherif
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - David Sims
- Computational Genomics Analysis and Training (CGAT), MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Robert Pickard
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nicholas A Wright
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Stuart C Williamson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura Greaves
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig N Robson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, UK.
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