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Hakim MH, Brindise MC, Ahmadzadegan A, Buno KP, Dos Santos ACF, Cragg KR, Dou Z, Ladisch MR, Ardekani AM, Vlachos PP, Solorio L. Rose Bengal Labeled Bovine Serum Albumin for Protein Transport Imaging in Subcutaneous Tissues Using Computed Tomography and Fluorescence Microscopy. Bioconjug Chem 2024. [PMID: 38875443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Subcutaneous (SC) injection of protein-based therapeutics is a convenient and clinically established drug delivery method. However, progress is needed to increase the bioavailability. Transport of low molecular weight (Mw) biotherapeutics such as insulin and small molecule contrast agents such as lipiodol has been studied using X-ray computed tomography (CT). This analysis, however, does not translate to the investigation of higher Mw therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), due to differences in molecular and formulation properties. In this study, an iodinated fluorescein analog rose bengal (RB) was used as a radiopaque and fluorescent label to track the distribution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) compared against unconjugated RB and sodium iodide (NaI) via CT and confocal microscopy following injection into ex vivo porcine SC tissue. Importantly, the high concentration BSA-RB exhibited viscosities more like that of viscous biologics than the small molecule contrast agents, suggesting that the labeled protein may serve as a more suitable formulation for the investigation of injection plumes. Three-dimensional (3D) renderings of the injection plumes showed that the BSA-RB distribution was markedly different from unconjugated RB and NaI, indicating the need for direct visualization of large protein therapeutics using conjugated tags rather than using small molecule tracers. Whereas this proof-of-concept study shows the novel use of RB as a label for tracking BSA distribution, our experimental approach may be applied to high Mw biologics, including mAbs. These studies could provide crucial information about diffusion in SC tissue and the influence of injection parameters on distribution, transport, and downstream bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin H Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Melissa C Brindise
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Adib Ahmadzadegan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kevin P Buno
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Antonio C F Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kevin R Cragg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhongwang Dou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael R Ladisch
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pavlos P Vlachos
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Sato Y, Tagami T, Akimoto T, Takiguchi T, Endo Y, Tsukamoto T, Hara Y, Yokobori S. Development and validation of a novel overhead method for anteroposterior radiographs of fractured rat femurs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5536. [PMID: 38448630 PMCID: PMC10918096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to establish a new method of obtaining femur anteroposterior radiographs from live rats. We used five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and created a femoral fracture model with an 8 mm segmental fragment. After the surgery, we obtained two femoral anteroposterior radiographs, a novel overhead method, and a traditional craniocaudal view. We obtained the overhead method three times, craniocaudal view once, and anteroposterior radiograph of the isolated femoral bone after euthanasia. We compared the overhead method and craniocaudal view with an isolated femoral anteroposterior view. We used a two-sample t-test and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to estimate the intra-observer reliability. The overhead method had significantly smaller differences than the craniocaudal view for nail length (1.53 ± 1.26 vs. 11.4 ± 3.45, p < 0.001, ICC 0.96) and neck shaft angle (5.82 ± 3.8 vs. 37.8 ± 5.7, p < 0.001, ICC 0.96). No significant differences existed for intertrochanteric length/femoral head diameter (0.23 ± 0.13 vs. 0.23 ± 0.13, p = 0.96, ICC 0.98) or lateral condyle/medial condyle width (0.15 ± 0.16 vs. 0.13 ± 0.08, p = 0.82, ICC 0.99). A fragment displacement was within 0.11 mm (2.4%). The overhead method was closer to the isolated femoral anteroposterior view and had higher reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sato
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tagami
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, 1-396 Kosugimachi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8533, Japan.
| | - Toshio Akimoto
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Takiguchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsukamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Chibahokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Maloshenok L, Abushinova G, Kazachkina N, Bogdanov A, Zherdeva V. Tet-Regulated Expression and Optical Clearing for In Vivo Visualization of Genetically Encoded Chimeric dCas9/Fluorescent Protein Probes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:940. [PMID: 36769948 PMCID: PMC9918104 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The catalytically inactive mutant of Cas9 (dCas9) endonuclease has multiple biomedical applications, with the most useful being the activation/repression of transcription. dCas9 family members are also emerging as potential experimental tools for gene mapping at the level of individual live cells and intact tissue. We performed initial testing on a set of tools for Cas9-mediated visualization of nuclear compartments. We investigated doxycycline (Dox)-inducible (Tet-On) intracellular distribution of constructs encoding dCas9 orthologs from St. thermophilus (St) and N. meningitides (Nm) fused with EGFP and mCherry fluorescent proteins (FP) in human A549 cells. We also studied time-dependent expression of these chimeric fluorescent constructs (dCas9-FP) after Tet-On induction in live cells and compared it with the time course of dCas9-FP expression in experimental dCas9-FP-expressing tumor xenografts using a combination of fluorescence imaging and in vivo contrast-assisted magnetic resonance imaging for assessing the extent of tumor perfusion. In vivo Dox-induction of mCherry-chimera expression occurred in tumor xenografts as early as 24 h post-induction and was visualized by using optical clearing (OC) of the skin. OC via topical application of gadobutrol enabled high-contrast imaging of FP expression in tumor xenografts due to a 1.1-1.2-fold increase in FI in both the red and green channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Maloshenok
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bldg. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117971 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gerel Abushinova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bldg. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117971 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Kazachkina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bldg. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Bogdanov
- Department of Radiology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01665, USA
| | - Victoria Zherdeva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bldg. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh S, Farajli Abbasi M, Ghasemi M, Bayat G, Davoodian N, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Poormoosavi SM, Rafizadeh M, Maleki M, Shirzad-Aski H, Kargar Jahromi H, Dadkhah M, Khalvati B, Safari T, Behmanesh MA, Khoshnam SE, Houshmand G, Talaei SA. Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:40. [PMID: 36514128 PMCID: PMC9746144 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems "anesthesia" and "analgesia" are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven suboptimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analgesic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs' side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analgesic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.415814.d0000 0004 0612 272XThe National Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research, Floor 13th, Complex A, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Eyvanak Blvd., Shahrake Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bayat
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Davoodian
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi
- grid.512425.50000 0004 4660 6569Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Melika Rafizadeh
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- grid.449129.30000 0004 0611 9408Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski
- grid.411747.00000 0004 0418 0096Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- grid.444764.10000 0004 0612 0898Research Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- grid.411426.40000 0004 0611 7226Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- grid.413020.40000 0004 0384 8939Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Tahereh Safari
- grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, PhD, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Behmanesh
- grid.512425.50000 0004 4660 6569Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Houshmand
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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5
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Semenova AV, Sivolobova GF, Grazhdantseva AA, Agafonov AP, Kochneva GV. Reporter Transgenes for Monitoring the Antitumor Efficacy of Recombinant Oncolytic Viruses. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:46-56. [PMID: 36348722 PMCID: PMC9611865 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement of tumor size and margins is crucial for successful oncotherapy. In the last decade, non-invasive imaging modalities, including optical imaging using non-radioactive substrates, deep-tissue imaging with radioactive substrates, and magnetic resonance imaging have been developed. Reporter genes play the most important role among visualization tools; their expression in tumors and metastases makes it possible to track changes in the tumor growth and gauge therapy effectiveness. Oncolytic viruses are often chosen as a vector for delivering reporter genes into tumor cells, since oncolytic viruses are tumor-specific, meaning that they infect and lyse tumor cells without damaging normal cells. The choice of reporter transgenes for genetic modification of oncolytic viruses depends on the study objectives and imaging methods used. Optical imaging techniques are suitable for in vitro studies and small animal models, while deep-tissue imaging techniques are used to evaluate virotherapy in large animals and humans. For optical imaging, transgenes of fluorescent proteins, luciferases, and tyrosinases are used; for deep-tissue imaging, the most promising transgene is the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), which ensures an accumulation of radioactive isotopes in virus-infected tumor cells. Currently, NIS is the only reporter transgene that has been shown to be effective in monitoring tumor virotherapy not only in preclinical but also in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Semenova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - G. F. Sivolobova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - A. A. Grazhdantseva
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - A. P. Agafonov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - G. V. Kochneva
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
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6
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Yitbarek D, Dagnaw GG. Application of Advanced Imaging Modalities in Veterinary Medicine: A Review. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 13:117-130. [PMID: 35669942 PMCID: PMC9166686 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s367040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary anatomy has traditionally relied on detailed dissections to produce anatomical illustrations, but modern imaging modalities, now represent an enormous resource that allows for fast non-invasive visualizations in living animals for clinical and research purposes. In this review, advanced anatomical imaging modalities and their applications, safety issues, challenges, and future prospects of the techniques commonly employed for animal imaging would be highlighted. The quality of diagnostic imaging equipment in veterinary practice has greatly improved. Recent advances made in veterinary advanced imaging specifically about cross-sectional modalities (CT and MRI), nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT), and dual imaging modalities (PET/CT, PET/MR, and SPECT/CT) have become widely available, leading to greater demands and expectations from veterinary clients. These modalities allow for the creation of three-dimensional representations that can be of considerable value in the dissemination of clinical diagnosis and anatomical studies. Despite, the modern imaging modalities well established in developed countries across the globe, it is yet to remain in its infancy stage in veterinary practice in developing countries due to heavy initial investment and maintenance costs, lack of expert interpretation, a requirement of specialized technical staff and need of adjustable machines to accommodate the different range of animal sizes. Therefore, veterinarians should take advantage of these imaging techniques in designing future experiments by considering the availability of these varied imaging modalities and the creation of three-dimensional graphical representations of internal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, Email
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Kleynhans J, Kruger HG, Cloete T, Zeevaart JR, Ebenhan T. In Silico Modelling in the Development of Novel Radiolabelled Peptide Probes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7048-7063. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200504082256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the usefulness of in silico design approaches in the design of
new radiopharmaceuticals, especially peptide-based radiotracers (including peptidomimetics).
Although not part of the standard arsenal utilized during radiopharmaceutical design, the use
of in silico strategies is steadily increasing in the field of radiochemistry as it contributes to a
more rational and scientific approach. The development of new peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals
as well as a short introduction to suitable computational approaches are provided in
this review. The first section comprises a concise overview of the three most useful computeraided
drug design strategies used, namely i) a Ligand-based Approach (LBDD) using pharmacophore
modelling, ii) a Structure-based Design Approach (SBDD) using molecular docking
strategies and iii) Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion-Toxicity (ADMET)
predictions. The second section summarizes the challenges connected to these computer-aided
techniques and discusses successful applications of in silico radiopharmaceutical design in
peptide-based radiopharmaceutical development, thereby improving the clinical procedure in
Nuclear Medicine. Finally, the advances and future potential of in silico modelling as a design
strategy is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, Pelindaba 0420, South Africa
| | | | - Theunis Cloete
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, Pelindaba 0420, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, Pelindaba 0420, South Africa
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8
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Wong CY, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. Current status and applications of animal models in pre-clinical development of orally administered insulin-loaded nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2020; 28:882-903. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1759078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y. Wong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the natural history, anatomy, physiology, clinical examination, common diseases, and treatment of rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus) in the context of veterinary medicine. Guidelines for the care and feeding of rats and mice can provide owners with information to help prevent disease in their pets. Useful techniques for restraint, clinical examination, and diagnostic sample collection are provided to aid veterinarians in thorough evaluation of these small rodents. Common diseases and treatments are discussed separately for each species, organized by organ system. Zoonotic diseases are also discussed to provide guidance for rat and mouse pet owners.
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10
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Czeibert K, Baksa G, Grimm A, Nagy SA, Kubinyi E, Petneházy Ö. MRI, CT and high resolution macro-anatomical images with cryosectioning of a Beagle brain: Creating the base of a multimodal imaging atlas. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213458. [PMID: 30845177 PMCID: PMC6405067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most common methods that directly show macro- or microscopic anatomy of the brain usually require the removal of the organ from the neurocranium. However, the brain can be revealed in situ by using proper sectioning techniques. Our aim was to both improve the cryosectioning method, test its limits and create a high-resolution macro-anatomical image series of a Beagle brain, which at the time of the study did not exist. A two-year-old female Beagle has been scanned with CT and MRI ante and post mortem, then the arteries of the head were filled with red resin. After freezing to -80°C, a neurocranium block was created and was embedded into a water-gelatin mix. Using a special milling device and a DSLR camera, 1112 consecutive RGB-color cryosections were made with a 100 μm layer thickness and captured in high resolution (300 dpi, 24-bit color, and pixel size was 19.5 x 19.5 μm). Image post-processing was done with Adobe Photoshop CS3 and Thermo Scientific Amira 6.0 softwares, and as a result of the proper alignment and coregistration, visualization and comparing was possible with all the applied imaging modalities (CT, MRI, cryosectioning) in any arbitrary plane. Surface models from the arteries, veins, brain and skull were also generated after segmentation in the same coordinate system, giving a unique opportunity for comparing the two-dimensional and three-dimensional anatomy. This is the first study which focuses directly to this high-definition multimodal visualization of the canine brain, and it provides the most accurate results compared to previous cryosectioning studies, as using an improved method, higher image quality, more detailed image, proper color fidelity and lower artefact formation were achieved. Based on the methodology we described, it can serve as a base for future multimodal (CT, MR, augmented- or virtual reality) imaging atlases for medical, educational and scientific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Czeibert
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Gábor Baksa
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University of Medical Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Grimm
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University of Medical Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University of Medical Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Anett Nagy
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Pécs Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Brannen A, Eggert M, Nahrendorf M, Arnold R, Panizzi P. Correlation of 360-degree Surface Mapping In Vivo Bioluminescence with Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography in Human Xenograft Tumor Models. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3321. [PMID: 29463820 PMCID: PMC5820276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical monitoring of tumor growth and identification of distal metastasis requires a balance between accuracy and expediency. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is often used to track tumor growth but is primarily limited to planar 2-dimensional (2D) imaging. Consistent subject placement within a standard top-mounted, single-detector small animal imager is vital to reducing variability in repeated same-animal measures over time. Here, we describe a method for tracking tumor development using a multi-angle BLI and photo-acoustic workflow. We correlate serial caliper measurements and 2D BLI to 360° BLI and photo-acoustic datasets for the same animals. Full 360° BLI showed improved correlations with both volumes obtained from caliper measurements and photo-acoustic segmentation, as compared to planar BLI. We also determined segmented tumor volumes from photo-acoustic datasets more accurately reflects true excised tumors’ volumes compared to caliper measurements. Our results demonstrate the distinct advantages of both 360° surface mapping by BLI and photo-acoustic methodologies for non-invasive tracking of tumor growth in pre-clinical academic settings. Furthermore, our design is fully implementable in all top-mounted, single-detector imagers, thereby providing the opportunity to shift the paradigm away from planar BLI into rapid BLI tomography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brannen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 247 Pharmacy Research Building, 720 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Auburn Laboratory for Imaging Animal Systems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 403 Green Annex, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Matthew Eggert
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 247 Pharmacy Research Building, 720 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 247 Pharmacy Research Building, 720 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 247 Pharmacy Research Building, 720 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA. .,Auburn Laboratory for Imaging Animal Systems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 403 Green Annex, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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12
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Hashizume R, Gupta N. Patient-derived Tumor Models for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:98-103. [PMID: 27212051 PMCID: PMC5327452 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160523144117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas represent a unique subtype of primary brain tumors occuring in a specific location and age. Their growth demonstrates early invasion and, following diagnosis, rapid growth not responsive to common therapies. Until recently, the genetic and cellular basis of these tumors was unknown. Genetic evidence implicates mutations in the histone genes in the origin of these tumors. Methods: Surgical biopsies performed on selected patients have resulted in the establishment of anatomically accurate mouse models that have been used to examine patterns of growth and response to new therapeutic agents. Results: Human derived pontine glioma models recapitulate the invasive patterns of growth. The grade of the original tumor affects the latency of tumor growth after implantation. Conclusion: The use of human-derived xenograft models allows for improved pre-clinical testing of new therapeutic targets in a tumor- and organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Room M779, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, California 94143-0137, USA
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13
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Longitudinal imaging of the ageing mouse. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:93-116. [PMID: 27530773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several non-invasive imaging techniques are used to investigate the effect of pathologies and treatments over time in mouse models. Each preclinical in vivo technique provides longitudinal and quantitative measurements of changes in tissues and organs, which are fundamental for the evaluation of alterations in phenotype due to pathologies, interventions and treatments. However, it is still unclear how these imaging modalities can be used to study ageing with mice models. Almost all age related pathologies in mice such as osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, thrombi, dementia, to name a few, can be imaged in vivo by at least one longitudinal imaging modality. These measurements are the basis for quantification of treatment effects in the development phase of a novel treatment prior to its clinical testing. Furthermore, the non-invasive nature of such investigations allows the assessment of different tissue and organ phenotypes in the same animal and over time, providing the opportunity to study the dysfunction of multiple tissues associated with the ageing process. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of the most commonly used in vivo imaging modalities used in mouse studies: micro-computed-tomography, preclinical magnetic-resonance-imaging, preclinical positron-emission-tomography, preclinical single photon emission computed tomography, ultrasound, intravital microscopy, and whole body optical imaging.
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14
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Trichobilharzia regenti (Schistosomatidae): 3D imaging techniques in characterization of larval migration through the CNS of vertebrates. Micron 2016; 83:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Belizário JE. The humankind genome: from genetic diversity to the origin of human diseases. Genome 2014; 56:705-16. [PMID: 24433206 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have failed to establish common variant risk for the majority of common human diseases. The underlying reasons for this failure are explained by recent studies of resequencing and comparison of over 1200 human genomes and 10 000 exomes, together with the delineation of DNA methylation patterns (epigenome) and full characterization of coding and noncoding RNAs (transcriptome) being transcribed. These studies have provided the most comprehensive catalogues of functional elements and genetic variants that are now available for global integrative analysis and experimental validation in prospective cohort studies. With these datasets, researchers will have unparalleled opportunities for the alignment, mining, and testing of hypotheses for the roles of specific genetic variants, including copy number variations, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and indels as the cause of specific phenotypes and diseases. Through the use of next-generation sequencing technologies for genotyping and standardized ontological annotation to systematically analyze the effects of genomic variation on humans and model organism phenotypes, we will be able to find candidate genes and new clues for disease's etiology and treatment. This article describes essential concepts in genetics and genomic technologies as well as the emerging computational framework to comprehensively search websites and platforms available for the analysis and interpretation of genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Belizário
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 1524 CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Saini C, Liani A, Curie T, Gos P, Kreppel F, Emmenegger Y, Bonacina L, Wolf JP, Poget YA, Franken P, Schibler U. Real-time recording of circadian liver gene expression in freely moving mice reveals the phase-setting behavior of hepatocyte clocks. Genes Dev 2013; 27:1526-36. [PMID: 23824542 PMCID: PMC3713432 DOI: 10.1101/gad.221374.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian timing system consists of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, which is thought to set the phase of slave oscillators in virtually all body cells. However, due to the lack of appropriate in vivo recording technologies, it has been difficult to study how the SCN synchronizes oscillators in peripheral tissues. Here we describe the real-time recording of bioluminescence emitted by hepatocytes expressing circadian luciferase reporter genes in freely moving mice. The technology employs a device dubbed RT-Biolumicorder, which consists of a cylindrical cage with reflecting conical walls that channel photons toward a photomultiplier tube. The monitoring of circadian liver gene expression revealed that hepatocyte oscillators of SCN-lesioned mice synchronized more rapidly to feeding cycles than hepatocyte clocks of intact mice. Hence, the SCN uses signaling pathways that counteract those of feeding rhythms when their phase is in conflict with its own phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Saini
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - André Liani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Curie
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Gos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yann Emmenegger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- GAP-Biophotonics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- GAP-Biophotonics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves-Alain Poget
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Schibler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Caysa H, Hoffmann S, Luetzkendorf J, Mueller LP, Unverzagt S, Mäder K, Mueller T. Monitoring of xenograft tumor growth and response to chemotherapy by non-invasive in vivo multispectral fluorescence imaging. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47927. [PMID: 23112873 PMCID: PMC3480443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A continuous monitoring of the whole tumor burden of individuals in orthotopic tumor models is a desirable aim and requires non-invasive imaging methods. Here we investigated whether quantification of a xenograft tumor intrinsic fluorescence signal can be used to evaluate tumor growth and response to chemotherapy. Stably fluorescence protein (FP) expressing cell clones of colorectal carcinoma and germ cell tumor lines were generated by lentiviral transduction using the FPs eGFP, dsRed2, TurboFP635, and mPlum. Applying subcutaneous tumor models in different experimental designs, specific correlations between measured total fluorescence intensity (FI) and the tumor volume (V) could be established. The accuracy of correlation of FI and V varied depending on the cell model used. The application of deep-red FP expressing xenografts (TurboFP635, mPlum) was observed to result in improved correlations. This was also reflected by the results of a performed error analysis. In a model of visceral growing mPlum tumors, measurements of FI could be used to follow growth and response to chemotherapy. However, in some cases final necropsy revealed the existence of additional, deeper located tumors that had not been detected in vivo by their mPlum signal. Consistently, only the weights of the tumors that were detected in vivo based on their mPlum signal correlated with FI. In conclusion, as long as tumors are visualized by their fluorescence signal the FI can be used to evaluate tumor burden. Deep-red FPs are more suitable for in vivo applications as compared to eGFP and dsRed2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Caysa
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Oncology/Hematology), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stefan Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jana Luetzkendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Oncology/Hematology), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Lutz Peter Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Oncology/Hematology), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Susanne Unverzagt
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Oncology/Hematology), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Image-guided drug delivery provides a means for treating a variety of diseases with minimal systemic involvement while concurrently monitoring treatment efficacy. These therapies are particularly useful to the field of interventional oncology, where elevation of tumor drug levels, reduction of systemic side effects and post-therapy assessment are essential. This review highlights three such image-guided procedures: transarterial chemoembolization, drug-eluting implants and convection-enhanced delivery. Advancements in medical imaging technology have resulted in a growing number of new applications, including image-guided drug delivery. This minimally invasive approach provides a comprehensive answer to many challenges with local drug delivery. Future evolution of imaging devices, image-acquisition techniques and multifunctional delivery agents will lead to a paradigm shift in patient care.
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Belizário JE, Akamini P, Wolf P, Strauss B, Xavier-Neto J. New routes for transgenesis of the mouse. J Appl Genet 2012; 53:295-315. [PMID: 22569888 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-012-0096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenesis refers to the molecular genetic techniques for directing specific insertions, deletions and point mutations in the genome of germ cells in order to create genetically modified organisms (GMO). Genetic modification is becoming more practicable, efficient and predictable with the development and use of a variety of cell and molecular biology tools and DNA sequencing technologies. A collection of plasmidial and viral vectors, cell-type specific promoters, positive and negative selectable markers, reporter genes, drug-inducible Cre-loxP and Flp/FRT recombinase systems are available which ensure efficient transgenesis in the mouse. The technologies for the insertion and removal of genes by homologous-directed recombination in embryonic stem cells (ES) and generation of targeted gain- and loss-of function alleles have allowed the creation of thousands of mouse models of a variety of diseases. The engineered zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and small hairpin RNA-expressing constructs are novel tools with useful properties for gene knockout free of ES manipulation. In this review we briefly outline the different approaches and technologies for transgenesis as well as their advantages and disadvantages. We also present an overview on how the novel integrative mouse and human genomic databases and bioinformatics approaches have been used to understand genotype-phenotype relationships of hundreds of mutated and candidate disease genes in mouse models. The updating and continued improvements of the genomic technologies will eventually help us to unraveling the biological and pathological processes in such a way that they can be translated more efficiently from mouse to human and vise-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Belizário
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Brown C, M. Donnelly T. Disease Problems of Small Rodents. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7152030 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-6621-7.00027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Mitchell GS, Gill RK, Boucher DL, Li C, Cherry SR. In vivo Cerenkov luminescence imaging: a new tool for molecular imaging. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:4605-19. [PMID: 22006909 PMCID: PMC3263789 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerenkov radiation is a phenomenon where optical photons are emitted when a charged particle moves faster than the speed of light for the medium in which it travels. Recently, we and others have discovered that measurable visible light due to the Cerenkov effect is produced in vivo following the administration of β-emitting radionuclides to small animals. Furthermore, the amounts of injected activity required to produce a detectable signal are consistent with small-animal molecular imaging applications. This surprising observation has led to the development of a new hybrid molecular imaging modality known as Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI), which allows the spatial distribution of biomolecules labelled with β-emitting radionuclides to be imaged in vivo using sensitive charge-coupled device cameras. We review the physics of Cerenkov radiation as it relates to molecular imaging, present simulation results for light intensity and spatial distribution, and show an example of CLI in a mouse cancer model. CLI allows many common radiotracers to be imaged in widely available in vivo optical imaging systems, and, more importantly, provides a pathway for directly imaging β(-)-emitting radionuclides that are being developed for therapeutic applications in cancer and that are not readily imaged by existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California at Davis, , One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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22
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Studwell AJ, Kotton DN. A shift from cell cultures to creatures: in vivo imaging of small animals in experimental regenerative medicine. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1933-41. [PMID: 21952170 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the use of small animals for in vivo experimentation has been widespread, only recently has there been easy availability of techniques that allow noninvasive in vivo imaging of small animals. Because these techniques allow the same individual subject to be followed longitudinally throughout the duration of an experiment, their use is rapidly changing the way small animals are employed in the laboratory. In this review, we focus on six imaging modalities that are increasingly employed for small animal in vivo imaging: optical imaging (OI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and positron-emission tomography (PET). Each modality allows for the noninvasive tracking of cells and cell products in vivo. In addition, multimodality imaging, combining two or more of these techniques, has also been increasingly employed to overcome the limitations of each independent technique. After reviewing these available imaging modalities, we detail their experimental application, exemplified by the emerging field of regenerative medicine, referring to publications whose conclusions would otherwise be difficult to support without the availability of in vivo imaging.
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23
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Klyen BR, Shavlakadze T, Radley-Crabb HG, Grounds MD, Sampson DD. Identification of muscle necrosis in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:076013. [PMID: 21806274 DOI: 10.1117/1.3598842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) was used to image the structure and pathology of skeletal muscle tissue from the treadmill-exercised mdx mouse model of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of excised muscle samples were compared with co-registered hematoxylin and eosin-stained and Evans blue dye fluorescence histology. We show, for the first time, structural 3D-OCT images of skeletal muscle dystropathology well correlated with co-located histology. OCT could identify morphological features of interest and necrotic lesions within the muscle tissue samples based on intrinsic optical contrast. These findings demonstrate the utility of 3D-OCT for the evaluation of small-animal skeletal muscle morphology and pathology, particularly for studies of mouse models of muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Klyen
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, M018, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Elahi SF, Miller SJ, Joshi B, Wang TD. Targeted imaging of colorectal dysplasia in living mice with fluorescence microendoscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:981-6. [PMID: 21483619 PMCID: PMC3072136 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We validate specific binding activity of a fluorescence-labeled peptide to colorectal dysplasia in living mice using a miniature, flexible, fiber microendoscope that passes through the instrument channel of an endoscope. The microendoscope delivers excitation light at 473 nm through a fiber-optic bundle with outer diameter of 680 µm to collect en face images at 10 Hz with 4 µm lateral resolution. We applied the FITC-labeled peptide QPIHPNNM topically to colonic mucosa in genetically engineered mice that spontaneously develop adenomas. More than two-fold greater fluorescence intensity was measured from adenomas compared to adjacent normal-appearing mucosa. Images of adenomas showed irregular morphology characteristic of dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakib F. Elahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sharon J. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bishnu Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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