1
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Socas LBP, Ambroggio EE. Linking surface tension to water polarization with a new hypothesis: The Ling-Damodaran Isotherm. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113515. [PMID: 37634284 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Studying aqueous solutions of complex (bio)polymers is essential from both theoretical and practical perspectives. To understand the principles that govern the properties of these solutions is pivotal for the study of biological processes, considering that the most distinguished components of the cells are polymers (proteins, nucleic acids). These macromolecular aqueous systems, known as colloids, has raise the interest of scientists in recent years. It is known that several physicochemical properties deviate from ideal behaviour in this kind of solutions and that the physical state of water is different compared to its pure state. Particularly, the surface tension of such mixtures often shows a peculiar profile at semi-dilute and concentrated conditions. Here, we joined the colloidal concept of water polarization (proposed in the Association-Induction Hypothesis) with Damodaran's formalism for surface tension to theoretically derive a compelling mathematical model that explains the behaviour of polymer solutions. We measured the surface tension and osmolarity of different polyethylene oxide solutions and we used the ACDAN fluorescence probe to assess the water dipolar relaxation (polarization) in these mixtures. As a proof of concept, we also studied the influence of these polymer solutions on lipid interfaces. Our isotherm model explains the experimental observations with a unifying view that correlates with other measured properties, such as osmolarity and water dipolar relaxation. This provides a link between interfacial and bulk physicochemical properties of polymer solutions, also giving a new framework for studying the interaction of colloidal systems with lipid membranes interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B P Socas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende s/n, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende s/n, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - E E Ambroggio
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende s/n, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende s/n, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
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2
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Jin Z, Ji Y, Su W, Zhou L, Wu X, Gao L, Guo J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wen X, Xia ZY, Xia Z, Lei S. The role of circadian clock-controlled mitochondrial dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142512. [PMID: 37215098 PMCID: PMC10196400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with a high prevalence worldwide, and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is prone to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, is defined as a cardiac dysfunction without conventional cardiac risk factors such as coronary heart disease and hypertension. Mitochondria are the centers of energy metabolism that are very important for maintaining the function of the heart. They are highly dynamic in response to environmental changes through mitochondrial dynamics. The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics is closely related to the occurrence and development of DCM. Mitochondrial dynamics are controlled by circadian clock and show oscillation rhythm. This rhythm enables mitochondria to respond to changing energy demands in different environments, but it is disordered in diabetes. In this review, we summarize the significant role of circadian clock-controlled mitochondrial dynamics in the etiology of DCM and hope to play a certain enlightening role in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshuai Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanwei Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wating Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuefu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Amemiya T, Yamaguchi T. Oscillations and Dynamic Symbiosis in Cellular Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:783908. [PMID: 35251968 PMCID: PMC8888517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.783908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The grade of malignancy differs among cancer cell types, yet it remains the burden of genetic studies to understand the reasons behind this observation. Metabolic studies of cancer, based on the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis, have also not provided any clarity. Instead, the significance of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been found to play critical roles in aggressive cancer cells. In this perspective, metabolic symbiosis is addressed as one of the ultimate causes of the grade of cancer malignancy. Metabolic symbiosis gives rise to metabolic heterogeneities which enable cancer cells to acquire greater opportunities for proliferation and metastasis in tumor microenvironments. This study introduces a real-time new imaging technique to visualize metabolic symbiosis between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells based on the metabolic oscillations in these cells. The causality of cellular oscillations in cancer cells and CAFs, connected through lactate transport, is a key point for the development of this novel technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Amemiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University (YNU), Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takashi Amemiya,
| | - Tomohiko Yamaguchi
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Nakano, Japan
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4
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Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cannabidiol against Candida albicans. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020441. [PMID: 33672633 PMCID: PMC7924206 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen in humans. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor of C. albicans infections. We investigated the ability of the plant-derived cannabidiol (CBD) to inhibit the formation and removal of fungal biofilms. Further, we evaluated its mode of action. Our findings demonstrate that CBD exerts pronounced time-dependent inhibitory effects on biofilm formation as well as disruption of mature biofilm at a concentration range below minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations. CBD acts at several levels. It modifies the architecture of fungal biofilm by reducing its thickness and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production accompanied by downregulation of genes involved in EPS synthesis. It alters the fungal morphology that correlated with upregulation of yeast-associated genes and downregulation of hyphae-specific genes. Importantly, it represses the expression of C. albicans virulence-associated genes. In addition, CBD increases ROS production, reduces the intracellular ATP levels, induces mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, modifies the cell wall, and increases the plasma membrane permeability. In conclusion, we propose that CBD exerts its activity towards C. albicans biofilm through a multi-target mode of action, which differs from common antimycotic agents, and thus can be explored for further development as an alternative treatment against fungal infections.
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5
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Cellular metabolism and colloids: Realistically linking physiology and biological physical chemistry. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 162:79-88. [PMID: 32565181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Important concepts from colloidal physical chemistry such as coacervation, phase transitions, emergent properties and ionic association, are currently emerging in the lexicon of cellular biology, prompted mostly by recent experimental observations of liquid phase coexistence in the cell cytosol. Nevertheless, from an historical point of view, the application of these concepts in cell biology is not new. They were key concepts into the so-called protoplasmic doctrine, an alternative (and largely forgotten) approach to cell physiology. The most complete theory originating from this line of thinking was the Association-Induction Hypothesis (AIH), introduced by Gilbert N. Ling in 1962. The AIH, which envisions living cells as complex dynamical colloidal systems, provides ample theory and experimental evidence to call into question the now dominant view of living cells as fluid-filled vesicles. This review attempts to present and discuss the usefulness of the AIH to understand a series of experimental observations from our laboratory from living suspensions of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibiting glycolytic oscillations. Particularly, the AIH helped us integrate, in a mechanistic sense, the basis of a strong temporal coupling observed between ATP and a series of cellular properties such as intracellular water dipolar relaxation, intracellular K+ concentration, among many others, where the colloidal physical chemistry of the cell interior plays a fundamental role.
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6
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Yang S, Liu Y, Guo Y, Liu R, Qi F, Li X, Yu H, Cheng S, Wang Z. Circadian gene Clock participates in mitochondrial apoptosis pathways by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondria out membrane permeablization and apoptosis factors in AML12 hepatocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 467:65-75. [PMID: 32067140 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms help organisms adapt to changes of external environment by regulating energy metabolism and remaining the balance of homeostasis. Numerous researches have proved that the physiological function of liver was precisely controlled by circadian rhythms. Clock, one of core circadian genes, has been demonstrated to regulate the oxidative phosphorylation process of mitochondrial, which provides energy for living cells and acts as one of the hub for apoptosis. However, whether Clock gene regulates mitochondrial apoptosis pathways in liver cells remains less explored. In the present study, we used lentiviral vector to establish a stable AML12 cell lines which were capable of expressing specific shRNA to interfere the expression of Clock gene and investigated the effect of Clock on mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Herein, we found that the interference of Clock gene could significantly suppress mitochondrial apoptosis pathways by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting mitochondria out membrane permeablization, which might be a result of lower expression of BAD and BIM proteins. Moreover, the interference of Clock gene could downregulate the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis factors, i.e. AIF, CYCS, APAF-1 and SMAC, which will suppress the formation of apoptosome and the process of DNA degradation to further inhibit apoptosis process. This work provides an insight on the important role of Clock gene participating in mitochondrial apoptosis pathways of hepatocytes and unveils a probable pathogenesis of how circadian rhythm regulates liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Herbal-Tebitan Drug Screening and Deep Processing of Gansu Province, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China. .,Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, School of Preclinic and Forensic Medical, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yanyou Liu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, School of Preclinic and Forensic Medical, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Herbal-Tebitan Drug Screening and Deep Processing of Gansu Province, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Medicine and Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, School of Preclinic and Forensic Medical, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, School of Preclinic and Forensic Medical, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, School of Preclinic and Forensic Medical, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, School of Preclinic and Forensic Medical, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Olsen LF, Stock RP, Bagatolli LA. Glycolytic oscillations and intracellular K + concentration are strongly coupled in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 681:108257. [PMID: 31917960 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We measured temporal oscillations of intracellular K+ concentration in yeast cells exhibiting glycolytic oscillations using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy methods. These oscillations showed the same period as those of glycolytic metabolites (NADH, ATP), indicating a strong coupling between them. We experimentally ruled out that oscillations originate in extra- or intracellular K+ fluxes and conclude that these oscillations arise from fluctuations in free and adsorbed states of K+ in the cell interior. Oscillations in K+ showed a strong dependence on ATP and the organization of the cell cytoskeleton. Our results challenge the widely held view that intracellular K+ predominantly exists in a free state. They can, however, be productively understood in terms of Gilbert Ling's Association-Induction hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars F Olsen
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark; MEMPHYS - International and Interdisciplinary Research Network, Odense, Denmark
| | - Roberto P Stock
- MEMPHYS - International and Interdisciplinary Research Network, Odense, Denmark
| | - L A Bagatolli
- MEMPHYS - International and Interdisciplinary Research Network, Odense, Denmark; Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra - INIMEC (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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8
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Boyman L, Coleman AK, Zhao G, Wescott AP, Joca HC, Greiser BM, Karbowski M, Ward CW, Lederer WJ. Dynamics of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: Transient and permanent opening events. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 666:31-39. [PMID: 30930285 PMCID: PMC6538282 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A gentle optical examination of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening events was carried out in isolated quiescent ventricular myocytes by tracking the inner membrane potential (ΔΨM) using TMRM (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester). Zeiss Airyscan 880 ″super-resolution" or "high-resolution" imaging was done with very low levels of illumination (0.009% laser power). In cellular areas imaged every 9 s (ROI or regions of interest), transient depolarizations of variable amplitudes occurred at increasing rates for the first 30 min. The time to first depolarization events was 8.4 min (±1.1 SEM n = 21 cells). At longer times, essentially permanent and irreversible depolarizations occurred at an increasing fraction of all events. In other cellular areas surrounding the ROI, mitochondria were rarely illuminated (once per 5 min) and virtually no permanent depolarization events occurred for over 1 h of imaging. These findings suggest that photon stress due to the imaging itself plays an important role in the generation of both the transient mPTP opening events as well as the permanent mPTP opening events. Consistent with the evidence that photon "stress" in mitochondria loaded with virtually any photon absorbing substance, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1-5], we show that cyclosporine-A (CsA, 10 μM) and the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 10 mM), reduced the number of events by 80% and 93% respectively. Furthermore, CsA and NAC treatment led to the virtual disappearance of permanent depolarization events. Nevertheless, all transient depolarization events in any condition (control, CsA and NAC) appeared to repolarize with a similar half-time of 30 ± 6 s (n = 478) at 37 °C. Further experiments showed quantitatively similar results in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, using a different confocal system, and different photon absorbing reagent (TMRE; tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester). In these experiments, using modest power (1% laser power) transient depolarization events were seen in only 8 out of 23 cells while with higher power (8%), all cells showed transient events, which align with the level of photon stress being the driver of the effect. Together, our findings suggest that photon-induced ROS is sufficient to cause depolarization events of individual mitochondria in quiescent cells; without electrical or mechanical activity to stimulates mitochondrial metabolism, and without raising the mitochondrial matrix Ca2+. In a broad context, these findings neither support nor deny the relevance or occurrence of ΔΨM depolarization events in specific putatively physiologic mitochondrial behaviors such as MitoFlashes [6,7] or MitoWinks [8]. Instead, our findings raise a caution with regards to the physiological and pathophysiological functions attributed to singular ΔΨM depolarization events when those functions are investigated using photon absorbing substances. Nevertheless, using photon stress as a tool ("Optical Stress-Probe"), we can extract information on the activation, reversibility, permanency and kinetics of mitochondrial depolarization. These data may provide new information on mPTP, help identify the mPTP protein complex, and establish the physiological function of the mPTP protein complex and their links to MitoFlashes and MitoWinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Andrew K Coleman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Andrew P Wescott
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Humberto C Joca
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - B Maura Greiser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Chris W Ward
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W J Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 111 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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9
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Lee W, Lee DG. Resveratrol induces membrane and DNA disruption via pro-oxidant activity against Salmonella typhimurium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:228-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Lee W, Woo ER, Lee DG. Phytol has antibacterial property by inducing oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1309-1318. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1241395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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11
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Sasagawa S, Nishimura Y, Koiwa J, Nomoto T, Shintou T, Murakami S, Yuge M, Kawaguchi K, Kawase R, Miyazaki T, Tanaka T. In Vivo Detection of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Clinical Drugs and Disease-Associated Genes Using a Novel Dye ZMJ214 in Zebrafish. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:381-8. [PMID: 26630578 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in various drug-induced toxicities and genetic disorders. Recently, the zebrafish has emerged as a versatile animal model for both chemical and genetic screenings. Taking advantage of its transparency, various in vivo fluorescent imaging methods have been developed to identify novel functions of chemicals and genes in zebrafish. However, there have not been fluorescent probes that can detect mitochondrial membrane potential in living zebrafish. In this study, we identified a novel cyanine dye called ZMJ214 that detects mitochondrial membrane potential in living zebrafish from 4 to 8 days post fertilization and is administered by simple immersion. The fluorescence intensity of ZMJ214 in zebrafish was increased and decreased by oligomycin and FCCP, respectively, suggesting a positive correlation between ZMJ214 fluorescence and mitochondrial membrane potential. In vivo imaging of zebrafish stained with ZMJ214 allowed for the detection of altered mitochondrial membrane potential induced by the antidiabetic drug troglitazone and the antiepileptic drug tolcapone, both of which have been withdrawn from the market due to mitochondrial toxicity. In contrast, pioglitazone and entacapone, which are similar to troglitazone and tolcapone, respectively, and have been used commercially, did not cause a change in mitochondrial membrane potential in zebrafish stained with ZMJ214. Live imaging of zebrafish stained with ZMJ214 also revealed that knock-down of slc25a12, a mitochondrial carrier protein associated with autism, dysregulated the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that ZMJ214 can be a useful tool to identify chemicals and genes that cause mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Sasagawa
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharamacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharamacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Depertment of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Omics
Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junko Koiwa
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharamacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nomoto
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Shintou
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murakami
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharamacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yuge
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharamacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koki Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharamacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Reiko Kawase
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharamacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyazaki
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharamacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Depertment of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Omics
Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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12
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Thoke HS, Tobiesen A, Brewer J, Hansen PL, Stock RP, Olsen LF, Bagatolli LA. Tight coupling of metabolic oscillations and intracellular water dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117308. [PMID: 25705902 PMCID: PMC4338026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We detected very strong coupling between the oscillating concentration of ATP and the dynamics of intracellular water during glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results indicate that: i) dipolar relaxation of intracellular water is heterogeneous within the cell and different from dilute conditions, ii) water dipolar relaxation oscillates with glycolysis and in phase with ATP concentration, iii) this phenomenon is scale-invariant from the subcellular to the ensemble of synchronized cells and, iv) the periodicity of both glycolytic oscillations and dipolar relaxation are equally affected by D2O in a dose-dependent manner. These results offer a new insight into the coupling of an emergent intensive physicochemical property of the cell, i.e. cell-wide water dipolar relaxation, and a central metabolite (ATP) produced by a robustly oscillating metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Seir Thoke
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Asger Tobiesen
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Brewer
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Per Lyngs Hansen
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Roberto P. Stock
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IBt-UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Lars F. Olsen
- CelCom group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Luis A. Bagatolli
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK5230, Odense M, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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13
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Schrøder TD, Özalp VC, Lunding A, Jernshøj KD, Olsen LF. An experimental study of the regulation of glycolytic oscillations in yeast. FEBS J 2013; 280:6033-44. [PMID: 24028352 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have studied oscillating glycolysis in the strain BY4743 and isogenic strains with deletions of genes encoding enzymes in glycolysis, mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis. We found that deletion of the gene encoding the hexokinase 1 isoform does not affect the oscillations while deletion of the gene encoding the hexokinase 2 isoform results in oscillations with smaller amplitude. The latter is associated with an almost 50% decrease in hexokinase activity. Deletions in the genes encoding the α- and β-subunits of phosphofructokinase abolish the oscillations entirely. This loss in oscillatory activity is associated with a fourfold decrease in phosphofructokinase activity. Deletions of genes encoding subunits of the F1F0 ATPase also inhibit the oscillations in accordance with earlier studies using for example inhibitors. Finally, we identified an apparently new control point involving the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. The latter is difficult to explain as oscillatory activity entails 100% inhibition of this enzyme. The mitochondria of this strain seem to have normal F1F0 ATPase activity. Overall these results support earlier experimental and model studies suggesting that in addition to processes within glycolysis also processes outside this pathway contribute to the control of the oscillatory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine D Schrøder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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14
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Metabolomic analysis of differential changes in metabolites during ATP oscillations in chondrogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:213972. [PMID: 23878799 PMCID: PMC3708381 DOI: 10.1155/2013/213972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prechondrogenic condensation is a critical step for skeletal pattern formation. Recent studies reported that ATP oscillations play an essential role in prechondrogenic condensation. However, the molecular mechanism to underlie ATP oscillations remains poorly understood. In the present study, it was investigated how changes in metabolites are implicated in ATP oscillations during chondrogenesis by using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF-MS). CE-TOF-MS detected 93 cationic and 109 anionic compounds derived from known metabolic pathways. 15 cationic and 18 anionic compounds revealed significant change between peak and trough of ATP oscillations. These results implicate that glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration and uronic acid pathway oscillate in phase with ATP oscillations, while PPRP and nucleotides synthesis pathways oscillate in antiphase with ATP oscillations. This suggests that the ATP-producing glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration oscillate in antiphase with the ATP-consuming PPRP/nucleotide synthesis pathway during chondrogenesis.
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15
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Williamson T, Adiamah D, Schwartz JM, Stateva L. Exploring the genetic control of glycolytic oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:108. [PMID: 22920924 PMCID: PMC3497587 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A well known example of oscillatory phenomena is the transient oscillations of glycolytic intermediates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their regulation being predominantly investigated by mathematical modeling. To our knowledge there has not been a genetic approach to elucidate the regulatory role of the different enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. RESULTS We report that the laboratory strain BY4743 could also be used to investigate this oscillatory phenomenon, which traditionally has been studied using S. cerevisiae X2180. This has enabled us to employ existing isogenic deletion mutants and dissect the roles of isoforms, or subunits of key glycolytic enzymes in glycolytic oscillations. We demonstrate that deletion of TDH3 but not TDH2 and TDH1 (encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: GAPDH) abolishes NADH oscillations. While deletion of each of the hexokinase (HK) encoding genes (HXK1 and HXK2) leads to oscillations that are longer lasting with lower amplitude, the effect of HXK2 deletion on the duration of the oscillations is stronger than that of HXK1. Most importantly our results show that the presence of beta (Pfk2) but not that of alpha subunits (Pfk1) of the hetero-octameric enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) is necessary to achieve these oscillations. Furthermore, we report that the cAMP-mediated PKA pathway (via some of its components responsible for feedback down-regulation) modulates the activity of glycoytic enzymes thus affecting oscillations. Deletion of both PDE2 (encoding a high affinity cAMP-phosphodiesterase) and IRA2 (encoding a GTPase activating protein- Ras-GAP, responsible for inactivating Ras-GTP) abolished glycolytic oscillations. CONCLUSIONS The genetic approach to characterising the glycolytic oscillations in yeast has demonstrated differential roles of the two types of subunits of PFK, and the isoforms of GAPDH and HK. Furthermore, it has shown that PDE2 and IRA2, encoding components of the cAMP pathway responsible for negative feedback regulation of PKA, are required for glycolytic oscillations, suggesting an enticing link between these cAMP pathway components and the glycolysis pathway enzymes shown to have the greatest role in glycolytic oscillation. This study suggests that a systematic genetic approach combined with mathematical modelling can advance the study of oscillatory phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Williamson
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Kloster A, Olsen LF. Oscillations in glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The role of autocatalysis and intracellular ATPase activity. Biophys Chem 2012; 165-166:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ytting CK, Fuglsang AT, Hiltunen JK, Kastaniotis AJ, Özalp VC, Nielsen LJ, Olsen LF. Measurements of intracellular ATP provide new insight into the regulation of glycolysis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 4:99-107. [PMID: 22134619 DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits temporal oscillation under anaerobic or semianaerobic conditions. Previous evidence indicated that at least two membrane-bound ATPases, the mitochondrial F(0)F(1) ATPase and the plasma membrane P-type ATPase (Pma1p), were important in regulating the glycolytic oscillation. Measurements of intracellular ATP provide a unique tool to understand the role of these membrane ATPases and how their activities are regulated. We have constructed a new nanobiosensor that can perform time-resolved measurements of intracellular ATP in intact cells. Measurements of the temporal behaviour of intracellular ATP in a yeast strain with oscillating glycolysis showed that, in addition to oscillation in intracellular ATP, there is an overall slow decrease in intracellular ATP because the ATP consumption rate exceeds the ATP production in glycolysis. Measurements of the temporal behaviour of intracellular ATP in yeast strains lacking either of the two membrane bound ATPases have confirmed that F(0)F(1) ATPase and Pma1p contribute significantly to the ATP consumption in the cell and to the regulation of glycolytic oscillation. Furthermore, our measurements also demonstrate that ATPase activity is under strict control. In the absence of glucose ATPase activity is switched off, and the intracellular ATP concentration is high. When glucose is added to the cells the ATP concentration starts to decrease, because ATP consumption exceeds ATP production by glycolysis. Finally, when glucose is used up, the ATP consumption stops immediately. Thus, glucose or some compound derived from glucose must be involved in controlling the activity of these two ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie K Ytting
- The Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Diseases - PUMPkin, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Malyukin YV, Kavok NS, Borovoy IA, Pogrebnyak NL, Geraschenko AV. Estimation of luminescent properties of the derivatives of polymethine probes on their interaction with cells of different types. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ozalp VC, Pedersen TR, Nielsen LJ, Olsen LF. Time-resolved measurements of intracellular ATP in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a new type of nanobiosensor. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37579-88. [PMID: 20880841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.155119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate is a universal molecule in all living cells, where it functions in bioenergetics and cell signaling. To understand how the concentration of ATP is regulated by cell metabolism and in turn how it regulates the activities of enzymes in the cell it would be beneficial if we could measure ATP concentration in the intact cell in real time. Using a novel aptamer-based ATP nanosensor, which can readily monitor intracellular ATP in eukaryotic cells with a time resolution of seconds, we have performed the first on-line measurements of the intracellular concentration of ATP in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These ATP measurements show that the ATP concentration in the yeast cell is not stationary. In addition to an oscillating ATP concentration, we also observe that the concentration is high in the starved cells and starts to decrease when glycolysis is induced. The decrease in ATP concentration is shown to be caused by the activity of membrane-bound ATPases such as the mitochondrial F(0)F(1) ATPase-hydrolyzing ATP and the plasma membrane ATPase (PMA1). The activity of these two ATPases are under strict control by the glucose concentration in the cell. Finally, the measurements of intracellular ATP suggest that 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) may have more complex function than just a catabolic block. Surprisingly, addition of 2-DG induces only a moderate decline in ATP. Furthermore, our results suggest that 2-DG may inhibit the activation of PMA1 after addition of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli C Ozalp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Warnke C, Mair T, Witte H, Reiher A, Hauser MJB, Krost A. Spatial control of the energy metabolism of yeast cells through electrolytic generation of oxygen. Phys Biol 2009; 6:046011. [PMID: 19887706 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/6/4/046011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic dynamics of yeast cells is controlled by electric pulses delivered through a spatially extended yeast cell/Au electrode interface. Concomitant with voltage pulses, oxygen is generated electrolytically at the electrode surface and delivered to the cells. The generation of oxygen was investigated in dependence of the applied voltage, width of the voltage pulses and temperature of the electrolytic solution. The local oxygen pulses at the electrodes lead to a transient activation of the aerobic energy metabolism of the yeast cells causing a perturbation in their energy balance. The effect of these local perturbations on the temporal dynamics of glycolysis in yeast cells is quantified in dependence of the energy state of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Warnke
- Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Abteilung Halbleiterepitaxie, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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21
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Olsen LF, Andersen AZ, Lunding A, Brasen JC, Poulsen AK. Regulation of glycolytic oscillations by mitochondrial and plasma membrane H+-ATPases. Biophys J 2009; 96:3850-61. [PMID: 19413991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the coupling between glycolytic and mitochondrial membrane potential oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under semianaerobic conditions. Glycolysis was measured as NADH autofluorescence, and mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent dye 3,3'-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide. The responses of glycolytic and membrane potential oscillations to a number of inhibitors of glycolysis, mitochondrial electron flow, and mitochondrial and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase were investigated. Furthermore, the glycolytic flux was determined as the rate of production of ethanol in a number of different situations (changing pH or the presence and absence of inhibitors). Finally, the intracellular pH was determined and shown to oscillate. The results support earlier work suggesting that the coupling between glycolysis and mitochondrial membrane potential is mediated by the ADP/ATP antiporter and the mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATPase. The results further suggest that ATP hydrolysis, through the action of the mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATPase and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, are important in regulating these oscillations. We conclude that it is glycolysis that drives the oscillations in mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Folke Olsen
- CelCom, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Poulsen AK, Andersen AZ, Brasen JC, Scharff-Poulsen AM, Olsen LF. Probing Glycolytic and Membrane Potential Oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7477-84. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan K. Poulsen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ann Zahle Andersen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Brasen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Scharff-Poulsen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars Folke Olsen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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